Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.You had better not eat dessert before lunch because it will spoil your （胃口）.
2.It’s reported that this bamboo forest is an important （栖息地） for the giant pandas.
3.It’s not clear whether the （事件） was an accident or not.
4.The unexpected storms caused traffic （大混乱） across the whole city.
5.The young healthy volunteers will be exposed to the （病毒） in order to test vaccines in a controlled environment.
6.The number of new students （减少） from 210 to 160 last year.
7.The roof of the house c under the weight of the fallen snow.
8.People are gradually realizing the importance of preserving cultural h .
9.It is suggested that parents should reduce their i to children.
10.Pollution has had a disastrous effect on the e of that region.
维度二：词形转换
1.These data show that tourism has improved （dramatic） compared with other industries.
2.It was after I attended a speech given by Professor Li that I became interested in wildlife （conserve）.
3.I decide to invite Lily to have dinner with my family before her （depart） for Paris.
4.They （subsequent） heard that he left the country after working there for 5 years.
5. （owe） to lack of experience we took a roundabout course in our work.
6.Economic development should not be achieved at the expense of the （ecology） environment.
7.He owes his success to the （explode） growth of the export market.
8.The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals （trap） in it.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The plane got （失控） and crashed into the sea finally.
2.His death was totally unexpected and， （因此）， no plans had been made for his replacement.
3.Those species which cannot adapt to the changing conditions may （灭绝）.
4.Humans should preserve biodiversity to protect nature and live （与……和谐相处） it.
5.We need to settle this problem today （彻底地） because we have to do new tasks tomorrow.
6.Eventually the painting （结果是） to be a genuine Qi Baishi after identification.
7.What’s more， we can （提出） our own ideas and learn more through discussion.
8.Imagine singing together with hundreds of other people （当你独自在家时）.
维度四：课文语法填空
Macquarie Island takes on a long， thin shape， 1. is because of strong winds and 2. （storm） seas.It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Its native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.In 1810， humans arrived on the island with rats and mice unknowingly.These animals quickly took over the island， 3. （bring） disasters to birds.Unfortunately， cats 4. （intend） to control rats and mice developed an appetite for birds，too.Later，rabbits 5. （introduce） but they led to greater damage to the island.Experts came up with a plan to release a virus 6. （kill） the rabbits，but afterwards，they developed an immunity 7. the virus， and their number exploded once again.This incident made 8. clear that the rat， mouse and rabbit problem needed 9. （solve） once and for all.I am here to tackle this problem.I brought trained dogs to remove the last 10. （remain） invading species.I think we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE，” says Kenyan ecologist Paula Kahumbu. “All elephants are in major， major trouble.”
Populations of the three species have declined： savanna （热带草原） elephants， forest elephants， and the smaller-eared Asian elephants. And we’re to blame. We’ve expanded into elephant territory， building homes and roads， cutting down forests and planting crops. Besides， with the rise of poaching （偷猎）， the number of elephants has decreased and became dangerously low in the past five decades.
“Poaching doesn’t just destroy animals，” says Kahumbu， “it gradually weakens society.” That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts， launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife. Kahumbu’s goal is noble and urgent： to change “the whole national awareness about conservation”.
Now， she’s taking her message to an international stage with Secrets of the Elephants， a four-part series on National Geographic. It explores the hidden lives of elephants in four habitats — Asia， plus African forests， deserts， and savannas — as well as the people who are racing to save the animals.
“We kind of know what they need， but we aren’t always generous enough.” Secrets of the Elephants， she hopes， will familiarize people with the wildlife that lives among them.
While making the series， the difficult situation of some elephants shocked her. “You look at their faces and they look so sad，” she says. She particularly noticed this in Asia， where Asian elephants and people live in increasingly close distance.
“Despite decades of research into African elephants， much research into Asian elephants has fallen behind — which is why our programme in the following pages will focus on this species，” she adds.
1.What does Paragraph 2 focus on？
A.The features of three species of elephants. B.The different situations of the elephants.
C.The causes for the decrease of the elephants. D.The impact of human behaviors on elephants.
2.What did Kahumbu do？
A.She monitored poachers hunting elephants.
B.She filmed a feature about elephants.
C.She started a national wildlife protection movement.
D.She changed people’s awareness of wildlife protection.
3.What can be inferred about the Asian elephants？
A.They like to get close to humans.
B.They are almost ignored by experts.
C.They remain mysterious to humans.
D.They are gradually losing their habitats.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Take Action： Stop Poaching
B.Film Series： Secrets of the Elephants
C.Paula Kahumbu： A Brave Kenyan Ecologist
D.Endangered： Three Species of Elephants
B
Thousands of emperor penguin chicks across four colonies in Antarctica are believed to have died because of record-low sea ice levels that caused a catastrophic breeding （繁殖） failure in late 2022， according to new research.
Analysis of satellite images showed the break-up of the stable sea ice and the disappearance of the colonies at a time when chicks had not yet grown their waterproof feathers. Scientists have said emperor penguins face an uncertain future under global heating because they are so dependent on sea ice.
The research said that the breeding failures in the Bellingshausen Sea never happened before， as it was the first time multiple colonies across a large region had all failed in a single season. “It’s a worrying story，” said Dr Peter Fretwell， a researcher with the British Antarctic Survey and the lead author of the research. “The sea ice loss has been far quicker than we imagined.” Many parts of the region had near-total loss of sea ice. Fretwell estimated as many as 7，000 chicks may have perished. “In some cases it’s possible the sea broke up into smaller floes （浮冰） or under the feet of the penguins，” he said. “If immersed， the chicks will drown. If they get back on to the ice floes， they will freeze because of lack of their waterproof feathers.”
Dr Barbara Wienecke， a senior research scientist at the Australian Antarctic Division， said“They still have their downy plumage （全身茸毛）. If the ice breaks out before they can safely enter the water， the plumage becomes so wet that the chicks die of exposure. It’s extraordinarily upsetting to think of this happening.”
Both Wienecke and Fretwell said predictions of the future for the penguin species may have to be revised， with the risk potentially greater than previously feared. Fretwell said： “It’s only by changing our behaviour and the amounts of fossil fuels we use will we completely change the situation for these emperor penguins， and many other species. How bad it gets is still up to us.”
5.Which can describe the situation of the emperor penguin chicks？
A.Promising. B.Alarming. C.Hopeless. D.Inspiring.
6.What do we know about the chicks according to the passage？
A.They are dying of food shortages.
B.They are finding new habitats for breeding.
C.They have learned how to swim in the ice water.
D.They don’t have the kind of feathers protecting them.
7.What does the underlined word “perished” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Appeared. B.Adapted.
C.Escaped. D.Died.
8.What does Fretwell want to convey in the last paragraph？
A.Fossil fuels are to blame for the destruction.
B.We should change our behaviour to save the penguins.
C.We should not fear the potential risk as it can be removed.
D.More research should be done to ensure the positive changes.
C
A lot of glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate （碳酸钠） can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items， but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative.
In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances， a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids（氨基酸）. That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months.
In a test， glass beads （玻璃珠） made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice， and the breakdown of the bead and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month， the glass implant degraded （降解） beneath the skin， the wound site healed， and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period， no mice showed any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation， and none of them experienced obvious weight loss，” the researchers wrote in their paper.
Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment， this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass， because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this barrier， the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass making. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.
“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage， and far from large-scale commercialization，” emphasized Yan Xuehai， a professor involved in the study， in a press release.
9.What did the researchers study during the experiment？
A.The mice’s skin healing process.
B.The breakdown of the glass beads.
C.The medical value of the new glass.
D.The glass degradation with less injury to the mice.
10.How do the researchers improve the durability of amino acid glass？
A.Adding more amino acids.
B.Heating the glass and rapidly cooling it.
C.Using special chemical substances.
D.Changing the producing process of glass.
11.What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Transformed. B.Melted.
C.Enlarged. D.Produced.
12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A.A New Kind of Perfect Glass
B.Amino Acids Make Glass Tougher
C.Large-scale Commercial Glass Products
D.Environment-Friendly and Biodegradable Glass
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution. 13
It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and decorating products， bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain these chemicals. 14 For instance， cooking generates a lot of harmful emissions， like frying meat in oil.
As a research from Denmark has highlighted， cooking， particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants. 15 When exposed to cooking emissions， people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer — causing genetic changes. 16 And what can we do with it？
As far as cooking emissions are concerned， no one is suggesting switching to takeaways. 17 For example， cooking meat at high temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling pasta. Besides， opening windows and using cooker hoods are preferable so that we can enjoy the roasted meat without those undesirable effects.
A.In the long run， these changes lead to cancer.
B.They might also arise from cooking at home.
C.A wide range of sources are under investigation.
D.Therefore， what results from indoor air pollution？
E.However， most of us have ignored their bad effects.
F.So， what are the main contributors to poor air quality？
G.But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.appetite 2.habitat 3.incident 4.chaos 5.virus 6.decreased
7.collapsed 8.heritage 9.intervention 10.ecology
维度二
1.dramatically 2.conservation 3.departure 4.subsequently
5.Owing 6.ecological 7.explosive 8.trapped
维度三
1.out of control 2.in consequence 3.die out
4.in harmony with 5.once and for all 6.turned out
7.come up with 8.while you are at home alone
维度四
1.which 2.stormy 3.bringing 4.intended 5.were introduced 6.to kill 7.to 8.it 9.solving/to be solved 10.remaining
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章描述了三种大象数量急剧下降的现状和原因，以及肯尼亚生态学家Paula Kahumbu的组织对保护大象所作的努力。
1.D 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要讲述了人类行为对大象产生的影响。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts， launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife.可知，Kahumbu发起了一项全国的野生动物保护运动。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，大象正生活在困境当中，生活得很艰难、痛苦，亚洲的大象和人类住的越来越近，说明大象的栖息地正逐渐被人类占领，它们也逐渐失去了自己的栖息地。
4.D 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要描述了三种大象数量急剧下降、濒临灭绝的现状和原因。因此D项适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，由于地球变暖，南极的帝企鹅繁殖困难，幼鸟也难以存活。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，海洋冰层的减少使帝企鹅的繁殖失败，而且幼企鹅生存的冰块也在消失，所以它们的现状令人担忧。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，幼企鹅还未长出可以保护它们的防水羽毛。
7.D 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句可知，海上的冰块会分解成小块浮冰，幼企鹅会落水溺亡，哪怕爬回浮冰，浸湿的茸毛也会让它们冻死，因此Fretwell估计大量企鹅会死亡，所以画线单词意为“死亡”。
8.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Fretwell说的话可知，人类的行为和化石燃料的燃烧导致了帝企鹅的死亡，所以它们的未来取决于人类行为。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究人员在实验中研究出玻璃降解对小鼠损伤较小。
10.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.可知，研究人员加热玻璃并迅速冷却来提高氨基酸玻璃的耐久性。
11.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，为了克服这一障碍，研究人员使用玻璃制造中应用的加热-冷却程序对氨基酸进行化学转换。故画线词意思是“转换”。
12.D 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。由此可知，D项（环保型、可生物降解玻璃）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了室内空气污染的原因以及减少这一污染的建议。
13.F 上文提到许多研究人员已经研究了室内空气污染的原因，故此处主要引出下文空气质量差的原因。F项（那么，空气质量差的主要原因是什么？）符合语境。
14.B 根据空后一句可知，烹饪也会导致室内空气质量差。B项（也可能是由于在家做饭引起的）符合语境。
15.E 上文提到了烧烤晚餐含有许多潜在的有害污染物，由此可推测本句是在说明人们对这一问题的态度。E项（然而，我们大多数人都忽视了它们的不良影响）符合语境。
16.A 根据空前两句可知，长期接触烹饪排放物可能会导致基因变化。A项（从长远来看，这些变化会导致癌症）符合语境。
17.G 空后的例子表明，改变烹饪方式可以减少有害排放物的产生。G项（但是我们可以改变烹饪方式来解决排放问题）符合语境。
4 / 5Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation②
I am standing on Macquarie Island， in the South-west Pacific Ocean， halfway③ between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt④ its long， thin shape.The green grass and bare⑤ rock of its landscape contrast⑥ dramatically⑦， [1]giving it a wild and natural beauty.[2]No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage⑧ Site.[3]Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants⑨， including royal penguins⑩， king penguins， and elephant seals， existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
[1]动词-ing短语作结果状语。
[2]句中it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。
[3]本句为nor置于句首引起的部分倒装句，其中how引导宾语从句。
But the island’s more recent history tells a different story.[4]It’s a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.These small animals quickly took over the island， [5]eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island [6]to control the rats and mice.Unfortunately， the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds， too.
[4]句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词story；when引导定语从句，修饰1810。
[5]动词-ing短语作状语。
[6]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
Meanwhile， rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.Loose on the island， they did [7]what rabbits do best — they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes， [8]which caused soil erosion .The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats， meaning that the number of cats also increased.This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeets ， once large in number and native to the island， died out in 1891.
[7]what引导宾语从句；破折号后面的内容是对what rabbits do best的解释说明。
[8]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s， the rabbits remained out of control .[9]Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind， a virus was released onto the island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000， it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequence turned their attention — and their stomachs — back to the native birds， [10]killing up to 60，000 each year.In the 1980s， traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
[9]句中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to come up with a plan作真正的宾语；动词不定式短语to remove all the rabbits from the island作目的状语。
[10]动词-ing短语作结果状语。
But as the saying goes，“While the cat’s away， the mice will play.” With the departure of the cats from the island， the mouse and rat population started to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits？ [11]It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus， and their numbers exploded once again. Then， in 2006， the rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse ， and killed a substantial number of penguins.[12]This incident made it clear that the rat， mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all .
【读文清障】
①chaos n.大混乱；紊乱
②conservation n.保护
③halfway adj.中间的，半途的
④sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
⑤bare adj.光秃秃的；荒芜的
⑥contrast v.对比，对照
⑦dramatically adv.显著地
⑧heritage n.遗产；传统
World Heritage Site世界遗产地
⑨inhabitant n.栖居的动物
⑩penguin n.企鹅
in harmony with与……和谐相处，与……协调一致
habitat n.栖息地
tragic adj.悲惨的；不幸的
unknowingly adv.不知不觉地，不经意中
rat n.大老鼠
take over 占领；接管；接任
subsequently adv.后来，随后
appetite n.胃口，食欲
loose adj.不受约束的；无束缚的
multiply v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增
vegetation n.植物，草木（总称）
erosion n.侵蚀
soil erosion土壤侵蚀，水土流失
plentiful adj.大量的；充足的；丰富的
the number of ……的数量
in turn 反过来；结果；轮流；依次
lead to 导致，造成（后果）
parakeet n.长尾（小）鹦鹉
die out 灭绝，逐渐消失
nature reserve自然保护区
out of control 不受控制；失去控制
come up with 想出，提出（计划、想法等）
virus n.病毒
release v.释放；排放
decrease v.（使）变小，（使）减少
in consequence 结果，因此
trap n.夹子，陷阱
departure n.离开
turn out原来是；结果是
immunity n.免疫力
explode v.突然增加
collapse v.倒坍；塌下
substantial adj.大量的，多的
incident n.事件
once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地
So， I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.[13]The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species， and that’s where I come in — with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one， without harming the native animals.This intervention is a long， much-delayed ending to a sad story， but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Postscript ：In 2014， Macquarie Island was declared pest -free and the island’s ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
[11]句中It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
[12]句中it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。
[13]句中动词不定式短语to remove ...作表语；where引导表语从句。
intervention n.干预，介入
owe v.应该做；对……负有……的义务
postscript n.附言
pest n.有害小动物；害虫
ecology n.生态
【参考译文】
麦夸里岛：从混乱不堪到精心保护
我正站在麦夸里岛上，这里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲的中间。强风和惊涛骇浪将海岛塑成现在狭长的形状。绿草和光禿的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。这座岛是联合国教科文组织确立的世界遗产，游客们都认为其名副其实。他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
但是，这座岛近些年的遭遇则是截然不同的故事。悲剧从人类1810年来到这座岛屿开始。他们不经意间随船带来了大鼠和小鼠。这些小动物很快就占领了岛屿，它们吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。为控制鼠患，人们带来了猫，但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了，相应地就有更多猫捕食鸟类。最终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。
即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然不受控制。专家认为，必须想办法清除岛上所有的兔子。怀着这个目标，人们投放了一种病毒到岛上。然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130，000降到约10，000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。因此，猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地鸟类，每年捕食多达60，000只。20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。2000年，麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫被抓。
但正如俗语所说：“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。”猫从岛上消失了，小鼠和大鼠的数量便开始增加。还记得那10，000只左右的兔子吗？它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。随后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，导致大量企鹅死亡。这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一次彻底地解决。
所以，正是为了解决这个问题，我来到麦夸里岛上参与一项行动。行动的第一步利用了直升机向岛上投放毒药。下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。这些狗受训去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
附言：2014年，麦夸里岛正式宣布已无有害生物，岛上的生态环境终于走上了恢复之路。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph？
A.Macquarie Island is beautiful.
B.Macquarie Island has a world-class name.
C.There are lots of penguins on Macquarie Island.
D.It is not easy for people to get to Macquarie Island.
2.How did rats and mice get to Macquarie Island？
A.They were brought to the island by lovers of pets.
B.They swam to the island from Australia.
C.They were brought to the island by accident.
D.They were raised on the island as human food.
3.Why did people bring rabbits to Macquarie Island？
A.To kill the mice on the island.
B.To serve as their food.
C.To remove the grass from the island.
D.To drive away the parakeets.
4.What can we infer from the former methods of controlling invading species？
A.They all brought about some negative effects to the ecosystem.
B.They turned out to be quite successful.
C.The number of rats was under good control.
D.The rabbits developed an appetite for birds.
5.Why does the author come to the island this time？
A.To do some voluntary work.
B.To train his dogs to catch rats.
C.To attend a meeting on the island.
D.To control the invading species.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What’s your opinion about invading species？
2.How could similar situations be avoided in the future？
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the environment.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the famous saying to show the relationship between cats and mice.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Loose on the island， they did what rabbits do best — they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes， which caused soil erosion.
句式分析 句中形容词短语Loose on the island作 ，what引导 从句；which引导 从句，修饰前面整句话。
自主翻译
2.The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species， and that’s where I come in — with my dogs.
句式分析 本句为and连接的并列句。在前面的分句中，动词不定式短语作 ；后面的分句中，where引导 。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
appetite n.胃口，食欲；欲望
【教材原句】 Unfortunately， the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds， too.
不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
【用法】
spoil one’s appetite 影响某人的胃口
ruin one’s appetite 破坏某人的食欲
have an appetite for ... 喜欢……
lose one’s appetite 没有食欲
develop an appetite for 对……产生食欲；培养对……的爱好
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
【佳句】 You’ll lose your appetite if you take too much snack.
如果你吃太多零食，你就会没有食欲。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Learning that you have an appetite Chinese history， I want to share the books with you.
②He had good appetite and ate up a huge amount of food in a short time.
③If you eat a lot of chocolates before supper，it （spoil） your appetite.
【写美】 补全句子
④我认为你应该培养对中国文化的兴趣，这对你的中文学习有帮助。（建议信）
I think you should Chinese culture， which is helpful to your Chinese study.
multiply v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增；乘；（使）繁殖
【教材原句】 Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best — they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes， which caused soil erosion.
由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。
【用法】
（1）multiply A and B together A和B相乘
...multiplied by ...is ... ……乘以……等于……
（2）multiple adj. 多种多样的
（3）multiplicity n. 多样性；多种多样
【佳句】 Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.
吸烟会增加心脏病发作和其他健康问题的风险。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The driver of the crashed car received （multiply） injuries.
②There is a （multiply） of fashion magazines for students of different ages to choose from.
③5 （multiply） by 6 is 30.
【写美】 补全句子
④2和9相乘，你可以得出18。
and you get 18.
decrease v.（使）变小，（使）减少 n.减少，降低；减少量
【教材原句】 But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000， it also meant less food for the cats.
然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130，000降到约10，000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。
【用法】
（1）decrease in sth 在某方面降低，减少
decrease from ...to ... 从……减少到……
decrease to ... 减少到……
decrease by ... 减少了……
（2）on the decrease 在减少中
【佳句】 From the activity， I have learnt that at present the environment is being destroyed because of people’s activities， which causes a decrease of wildlife.
从这次活动中，我了解到，目前由于人类活动，环境正在遭到破坏，导致野生动物数量减少。（野生动物保护）
【联想】 on the decrease的同义短语为on the decline，反义短语为on the increase。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The number of specialists of the province has decreased one hundred so far.
②As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of disappearing，the number of which has decreased 30% since 1987.
③Through the 20th century，forested area in the Philippines decreased 70 per cent to 20 per cent.
【写美】 补全句子
④幸运的是，骑自行车违反交通信号灯的人数正在减少。
Fortunately，the number of cyclists running against traffic lights is .
trap n.夹子，陷阱 v.使陷入困境；卡住，夹住；使陷入圈套，使中计
【教材原句】 In the 1980s， traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.
20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。
【用法】
（1）fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套
fall/walk into a trap 掉进陷阱
set/lay a trap for ... 为……设圈套/陷阱
（2）trap sb into （doing） sth 使某人陷入（做）某事的圈套；使某人中计
be/get trapped in ... 被困在……中
【佳句】 They were trapped in the mountain waiting to be rescued.
他们被困在山上，等待救援。
【联想】 表示“被困在……中”的短语还有：
be/get locked in be/get caught in
be/get stuck in be/get blocked in
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Some days later， the lion fell a trap and tried to get out of it，but in vain.
②I sensed that I was trapped accepting the unreasonable compensation terms.
③People used to set traps racoons’ fur，which caused their population to decrease dramatically.
【写美】 一句多译
④如果被困在电梯里，请立即按紧急按钮。
→ ， please press the emergency button immediately.
→ ， please press the emergency button immediately.
turn out 结果是；证明是；出席（某项活动），在场；生产，制造；关掉
【教材原句】 It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again. 它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。
【用法】
turn over 翻过来，翻转
turn in 转身进入；交出，上交
turn to （向某人）求助；注意；翻到（……页）
turn down 调小（煤气等），调低（收音机等的声音）；拒绝
turn up 出现，到达；调大（音量或热度），增加；找到，发现
turn around （使）翻身，转身，翻转
【佳句】 It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress， lower blood pressure， and put people into a better mood.
事实证明，仅仅看正在生长的绿植就可以减轻压力，降低血压，让人心情更好。
【练透】 语境辨义
①Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave.
②The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting.
③The factory turned out twice as many TV sets this year as last year.
【写美】 语段填空
④结果我的提议不符合公司的要求而被拒绝了。因此，我别无选择只能向你寻求一些帮助。（求助信）
It that my proposal didn’t meet the company’s requirements and it got .So I have no choice but to you for some assistance.
participate vi.参加，参与
【教材原句】 So， I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem. 所以，正是为了解决这个问题，我来到麦夸里岛上参与一项行动。
【用法】
（1）participate （with sb） in （doing） sth 与（某人）共同参与（做）某事
（2）participant n. 参加者；参与者
participation n. 参加；参与
【佳句】 The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC. During the early Games， only Greek men were allowed to participate.
古代奥林匹克运动会始于公元前776年。早期的奥运会只允许希腊男性参赛。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As far as I know， he has been an active （participate） in the discussion.
②Please confirm your （participate） at your earliest convenience.
【写美】 翻译句子
③我写信真诚地邀请你与我们一起参加这个活动。（邀请信）
owe v.应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠（账、钱、人情等）；归因于，归功于
【教材原句】 This intervention is a long， much-delayed ending to a sad story， but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
【用法】
（1）owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe ...to ... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb to do sth 应该为某人做某事
owe it to sb that ... 将……归功于某人
（2）owing adj. 未付的，欠着的
owing to 因为，由于
【佳句】 Bernard owed it to the so kind family that he could earn some money to help his poor family. 伯纳德将自己能挣些钱来帮助他的贫困家庭归功于这么好心的一家人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①These early settlers owed their survival hard work and determination to succeed.
②I owe to you， my dear teacher， that I can make so much progress.
【写美】 补全句子
③因为一位不速之客，我不能陪你去书店了。所以我应向你道歉。（道歉信）
，I can’t accompany you to the bookstore.So .
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
否定词置于句首的部分倒装
【教材原句】 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins， and elephant seals， existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
【用法】
（1）该句是否定词nor置于句首的部分倒装句，即把谓语动词的一部分（助动词、情态动词或be动词）提到主语之前。
（2）这样的否定词或短语有：
全部否定意义副词：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere
部分否定意义副词：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little
“绝不”短语：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account
【品悟】 Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist activities in the rural districts. 直到最近，他们才鼓励在农村地区发展旅游活动。
【写美】 同义句转换/微写作
①He had no idea， and he didn’t know whom he could turn to for help， either.
→He had no idea，and nor whom he could turn to for help.
②自从五年前我见到她以来，我从未见过一件事使她如此沮丧。
Never an incident which made her so disheartened since I met her five years ago.
③我的英语说得不正确，也说得不流利。我很少有勇气用英语和别人交流。（求助信）
Neither do I speak English correctly fluent in English.Rarely in English.
句型公式：while引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 But as the saying goes， “While the cat’s away， the mice will play.”
但正如俗语所说：“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。”
【用法】
（1）while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为“当……的时候”。
（2）while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”。
（3）while引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
（4）while表示对比或转折，意为“而，然而”。
【品悟】 While I was in London， you helped me adapt to the new surroundings as soon as possible and I can’t thank you enough.
当我在伦敦的时候，你帮助我尽快地适应了新环境，我真是太感谢你了。（感谢信）
【写美】 补全句子
①尽管网络学习证明是有用的，但也存在一些缺点。（发言稿）
， there exist some disadvantages.
②在学校，一些学生很活跃而另一些学生很腼腆。然而他们可以彼此成为好朋友。
At school， . However， they can become good friends with each other.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.introduction 2.brought 3.introduced 4.departure
5.remove 6.recovery
第二步
1－5 ACBAD
第三步
1.I think it is a phenomenon caused by human behavior.It will cause great harm to the native species and it can be hard to remove.
2.We should protect the natural ecosystem and be aware of the potential impact that human activities can have on ecosystems.
第四步
1.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long， thin shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically， giving it a wild and natural beauty.
2.While the cat’s away， the mice will play.
第五步
1.原因状语 宾语 非限制性定语
由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。
2.表语 表语从句
下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①for ②a ③will spoil ④develop an appetite for
2.①multiple ②multiplicity ③multiplied
④Multiply 2 and 9 together
3.①to ②by ③from ④on the decrease
4.①into ②into ③for ④If trapped in the elevator； Trapped in the elevator
5.①关掉 ②出席 ③生产 ④turned out； turned down； turn to
6.①participant ②participation ③I am writing to sincerely invite you to participate with us in the activity.
7.①to ②it ③Owing to an unexpected visitor； I owe you an apology
重点句型解构
1.①did he know ②have I seen ③nor am I； do I have the courage to communicate with others
2.①While online learning proves useful
②some students are active while others are shy
10 / 10(共110张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation②
I am standing on Macquarie Island， in the South-west Pacific
Ocean， halfway③ between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and
stormy seas have helped sculpt④ its long， thin shape.The green grass and
bare⑤ rock of its landscape contrast⑥ dramatically⑦， [1]giving it a wild
and natural beauty.[2]No visitor would think it surprising that the island
is a UNESCO World Heritage⑧ Site.[3]Nor would they fail to imagine
how its native inhabitants⑨， including royal penguins⑩， king
penguins， and elephant seals， existed in perfect harmony with their
natural habitat for thousands of years.
[1]动词-ing短语作结果状语。
[2]句中it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。
[3]本句为nor置于句首引起的部分倒装句，其中how引导宾
语从句。
【读文清障】
①chaos n.大混乱；紊乱
②conservation n.保护
③halfway adj.中间的，半途的
④sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
⑤bare adj.光秃秃的；荒芜的
⑥contrast v.对比，对照
⑦dramatically adv.显著地
⑧heritage n.遗产；传统
World Heritage Site世界遗产地
⑨inhabitant n.栖居的动物
⑩penguin n.企鹅
in harmony with与……和谐相处，与……协调一致
habitat n.栖息地
But the island’s more recent history tells a different story.[4]It’s a
tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In
their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.These small
animals quickly took over the island， [5]eating the birds’ eggs and
attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island [6]to control the rats
and mice.Unfortunately， the cats subsequently developed an appetite
for the birds， too.
[4]句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词story；when引导定语从句，修饰1810。
[5]动词-ing短语作状语。
[6]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
tragic adj.悲惨的；不幸的
unknowingly adv.不知不觉地，不经意中
rat n.大老鼠
take over 占领；接管；接任
subsequently adv.后来，随后
appetite n.胃口，食欲
Meanwhile， rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food
for humans.Loose on the island， they did [7]what rabbits do best —
they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and
digging holes， [8]which caused soil erosion .The exploding rabbit
population provided plentiful food for the cats， meaning that the
number of cats also increased.This in turn led to more cats hunting
the birds.The end result was that parakeets ， once large in number and
native to the island， died out in 1891.
[7]what引导宾语从句；破折号后面的内容是对what rabbits do
best的解释说明。
[8]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。
loose adj.不受约束的；无束缚的
multiply v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增
vegetation n.植物，草木（总称）
erosion n.侵蚀
soil erosion土壤侵蚀，水土流失
plentiful adj.大量的；充足的；丰富的
the number of ……的数量
in turn 反过来；结果；轮流；依次
lead to 导致，造成（后果）
parakeet n.长尾（小）鹦鹉
die out 灭绝，逐渐消失
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the
1970s， the rabbits remained out of control .[9]Experts felt it necessary
to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With
this goal in mind， a virus was released onto the island.But although
the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to
around 10，000， it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in
consequence turned their attention — and their stomachs — back to the
native birds， [10]killing up to 60，000 each year.In the 1980s， traps
and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was
caught in 2000.
[9]句中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to come up with a plan作
真正的宾语；动词不定式短语to remove all the rabbits from the island
作目的状语。
[10]动词-ing短语作结果状语。
nature reserve自然保护区
out of control 不受控制；失去控制
come up with 想出，提出（计划、想法等）
virus n.病毒
release v.释放；排放
decrease v.（使）变小，（使）减少
in consequence 结果，因此
trap n.夹子，陷阱
But as the saying goes，“While the cat’s away， the mice will
play.” With the departure of the cats from the island， the mouse and
rat population started to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so
rabbits？ [11]It turned out that they developed an immunity to the
virus， and their numbers exploded once again. Then， in 2006， the
rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse ， and killed a substantial
number of penguins.[12]This incident made it clear that the rat，
mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all .
[11]句中It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
[12]句中it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。
departure n.离开
turn out原来是；结果是
immunity n.免疫力
explode v.突然增加
collapse v.倒坍；塌下
substantial adj.大量的，多的
incident n.事件
once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地
So， I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme
to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped
from helicopters.[13]The next step is to remove the last remaining
invading species， and that’s where I come in — with my dogs. They
have been trained to find every last one， without harming the native
animals.This intervention is a long， much-delayed ending to a sad
story， but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Postscript ：In 2014， Macquarie Island was declared pest -free
and the island’s ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
[13]句中动词不定式短语to remove ...作表语；where引导表语
从句。
intervention n.干预，介入
owe v.应该做；对……负有……的义务
postscript n.附言
pest n.有害小动物；害虫
ecology n.生态
【参考译文】
麦夸里岛：从混乱不堪到精心保护
我正站在麦夸里岛上，这里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亚和南
极洲的中间。强风和惊涛骇浪将海岛塑成现在狭长的形状。绿草和光
禿的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。
这座岛是联合国教科文组织确立的世界遗产，游客们都认为其名副其
实。他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在
内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
但是，这座岛近些年的遭遇则是截然不同的故事。悲剧从人类
1810年来到这座岛屿开始。他们不经意间随船带来了大鼠和小鼠。这
些小动物很快就占领了岛屿，它们吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。为控制鼠患，
人们带来了猫，但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。由于在岛上放任其生
存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被
并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的
食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了，相应地就有更多猫捕食鸟类。最
终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。
即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然
不受控制。专家认为，必须想办法清除岛上所有的兔子。怀着这个目
标，人们投放了一种病毒到岛上。然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从
130，000降到约10，000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。因此，
猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地鸟类，每年捕食多达60，000只。
20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。2000年，麦夸里岛上的
最后一只猫被抓。
但正如俗语所说：“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。”猫从岛上消失
了，小鼠和大鼠的数量便开始增加。还记得那10，000只左右的兔子
吗？它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。随后，在2006
年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，导致大量企鹅死亡。这一事件清
楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一次彻底地解决。
所以，正是为了解决这个问题，我来到麦夸里岛上参与一项行
动。行动的第一步利用了直升机向岛上投放毒药。下一步是清除最后
残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。这些狗受训
去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。这次干预
行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做
的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
附言：2014年，麦夸里岛正式宣布已无有害生物，岛上的生态环
境终于走上了恢复之路。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph？
A. Macquarie Island is beautiful.
B. Macquarie Island has a world-class name.
C. There are lots of penguins on Macquarie Island.
D. It is not easy for people to get to Macquarie Island.
2. How did rats and mice get to Macquarie Island？
A. They were brought to the island by lovers of pets.
B. They swam to the island from Australia.
C. They were brought to the island by accident.
D. They were raised on the island as human food.
3. Why did people bring rabbits to Macquarie Island？
A. To kill the mice on the island.
B. To serve as their food.
C. To remove the grass from the island.
D. To drive away the parakeets.
4. What can we infer from the former methods of controlling invading
species？
A. They all brought about some negative effects to the ecosystem.
B. They turned out to be quite successful.
C. The number of rats was under good control.
D. The rabbits developed an appetite for birds.
5. Why does the author come to the island this time？
A. To do some voluntary work.
B. To train his dogs to catch rats.
C. To attend a meeting on the island.
D. To control the invading species.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What’s your opinion about invading species？
2. How could similar situations be avoided in the future？
I think it is a phenomenon caused by human behavior.It will cause
great harm to the native species and it can be hard to remove.
We should protect the natural ecosystem and be aware of the potential
impact that human activities can have on ecosystems.
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the
environment.
2. Read the passage carefully and find the famous saying to show the
relationship between cats and mice.
Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long， thin
shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast
dramatically， giving it a wild and natural beauty.
While the cat’s away， the mice will play.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. Loose on the island， they did what rabbits do best — they multiplied
rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，
which caused soil erosion.
句式分析 句中形容词短语Loose on the island作 ，what
引导 从句；which引导 从句，修饰前面
整句话。
自主翻译
原因状语
宾语
非限制性定语
由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事—
—飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。
2. The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species， and
that’s where I come in — with my dogs.
句式分析 本句为and连接的并列句。在前面的分句中，动词不定式
短语作 ；后面的分句中，where引导 。
自主翻译
表语
表语从句
下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作
了——和我的狗一起。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
appetite n.胃口，食欲；欲望
【教材原句】 Unfortunately， the cats subsequently developed an
appetite for the birds， too.
不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
【用法】
spoil one’s appetite 影响某人的胃口
ruin one’s appetite 破坏某人的食欲
have an appetite for ... 喜欢……
lose one’s appetite 没有食欲
develop an appetite for 对……产生食欲；培养对……的爱好
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
【佳句】 You’ll lose your appetite if you take too much snack.
如果你吃太多零食，你就会没有食欲。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Learning that you have an appetite Chinese history， I want to
share the books with you.
②He had good appetite and ate up a huge amount of food in a short
time.
③If you eat a lot of chocolates before supper，it （spoil）
your appetite.
for
a
will spoil
【写美】 补全句子
④我认为你应该培养对中国文化的兴趣，这对你的中文学习有帮助。
（建议信）
I think you should Chinese culture， which is
helpful to your Chinese study.
develop an appetite for
multiply v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增；乘；（使）繁殖
【教材原句】 Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best —
they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging
holes， which caused soil erosion.
由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，
它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。
【用法】
（1）multiply A and B together A和B相乘
...multiplied by ...is ... ……乘以……等于……
（2）multiple adj. 多种多样的
（3）multiplicity n. 多样性；多种多样
【佳句】 Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health
problems.
吸烟会增加心脏病发作和其他健康问题的风险。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The driver of the crashed car received （multiply）
injuries.
②There is a （multiply） of fashion magazines for
students of different ages to choose from.
③5 （multiply） by 6 is 30.
multiple
multiplicity
multiplied
【写美】 补全句子
④2和9相乘，你可以得出18。
and you get 18.
Multiply 2 and 9 together
decrease v.（使）变小，（使）减少 n.减少，降低；减少量
【教材原句】 But although the virus caused the rabbit population to
decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000， it also meant less food for
the cats.
然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130，000降到约10，000只，但这
也意味着猫的食物变少了。
【用法】
（1）decrease in sth 在某方面降低，减少
decrease from ...to ... 从……减少到……
decrease to ... 减少到……
decrease by ... 减少了……
（2）on the decrease 在减少中
从这次活动中，我了解到，目前由于人类活动，环境正在遭到破坏，
导致野生动物数量减少。（野生动物保护）
【联想】 on the decrease的同义短语为on the decline，反义短语为on
the increase。
【佳句】 From the activity， I have learnt that at present the
environment is being destroyed because of people’s activities， which
causes a decrease of wildlife.
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The number of specialists of the province has decreased one
hundred so far.
②As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of
disappearing，the number of which has decreased 30% since
1987.
③Through the 20th century，forested area in the Philippines
decreased 70 per cent to 20 per cent.
to
by
from
【写美】 补全句子
④幸运的是，骑自行车违反交通信号灯的人数正在减少。
Fortunately，the number of cyclists running against traffic lights is
.
on
the decrease
trap n.夹子，陷阱 v.使陷入困境；卡住，夹住；使陷入圈套，使中
计
【教材原句】 In the 1980s， traps and dogs were used to catch the
cats.
20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。
【用法】
（1）fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套
fall/walk into a trap 掉进陷阱
set/lay a trap for ... 为……设圈套/陷阱
（2）trap sb into （doing） sth
使某人陷入（做）某事的圈套；使某人中计
be/get trapped in ... 被困在……中
【联想】 表示“被困在……中”的短语还有：
be/get locked in be/get caught in
be/get stuck in be/get blocked in
【佳句】 They were trapped in the mountain waiting to be rescued.
他们被困在山上，等待救援。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Some days later， the lion fell a trap and tried to get out of it，but in vain.
②I sensed that I was trapped accepting the unreasonable compensation terms.
③People used to set traps racoons’ fur，which caused their population to decrease dramatically.
into
into
for
【写美】 一句多译
④如果被困在电梯里，请立即按紧急按钮。
→ ， please press the emergency button
immediately.
→ ， please press the emergency button
immediately.
If trapped in the elevator
Trapped in the elevator
turn out 结果是；证明是；出席（某项活动），在场；生产，制
造；关掉
【教材原句】 It turned out that they developed an immunity to the
virus，and their numbers exploded once again. 它们最终对病毒产生了
免疫，数量又一次激增。
【用法】
turn over 翻过来，翻转
turn in 转身进入；交出，上交
turn to （向某人）求助；注意；翻到（……页）
turn down 调小（煤气等），调低（收音机等的声音）；拒绝
turn up 出现，到达；调大（音量或热度），增加；找到，发现
turn around （使）翻身，转身，翻转
【佳句】 It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can
reduce stress， lower blood pressure， and put people into a better mood.
事实证明，仅仅看正在生长的绿植就可以减轻压力，降低血压，让人
心情更好。
【练透】 语境辨义
①Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you
leave.
②The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting.
③The factory turned out twice as many TV sets this year as last year.
关掉
出席
生产
【写美】 语段填空
④结果我的提议不符合公司的要求而被拒绝了。因此，我别无选择只
能向你寻求一些帮助。（求助信）
It that my proposal didn’t meet the company’s
requirements and it got .So I have no choice but to
you for some assistance.
turned out
turned down
turn
to
participate vi.参加，参与
【教材原句】 So， I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the
programme to tackle this very problem. 所以，正是为了解决这个问
题，我来到麦夸里岛上参与一项行动。
【用法】
（1）participate （with sb） in （doing） sth 与（某人）共同参与
（做）某事
（2）participant n. 参加者；参与者
participation n. 参加；参与
【佳句】 The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC.
During the early Games， only Greek men were allowed to participate.
古代奥林匹克运动会始于公元前776年。早期的奥运会只允许希腊男
性参赛。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As far as I know， he has been an active
（participate） in the discussion.
②Please confirm your （participate） at your earliest
convenience.
participant
participation
【写美】 翻译句子
③我写信真诚地邀请你与我们一起参加这个活动。（邀请信）
I am writing to sincerely invite you to participate with us in the
activity.
owe v.应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠（账、钱、人情等）；
归因于，归功于
【教材原句】 This intervention is a long， much-delayed ending to a
sad story， but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类
应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
【用法】
（1）owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe ...to ... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb to do sth 应该为某人做某事
owe it to sb that ... 将……归功于某人
（2）owing adj. 未付的，欠着的
owing to 因为，由于
【佳句】 Bernard owed it to the so kind family that he could earn
some money to help his poor family.
伯纳德将自己能挣些钱来帮助他的贫困家庭归功于这么好心的一
家人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①These early settlers owed their survival hard work and
determination to succeed.
②I owe to you， my dear teacher， that I can make so much
progress.
to
it
【写美】 补全句子
③因为一位不速之客，我不能陪你去书店了。所以我应向你道歉。
（道歉信）
，I can’t accompany you to the
bookstore.So .
Owing to an unexpected visitor
I owe you an apology
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
否定词置于句首的部分倒装
【教材原句】 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native
inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins， and elephant
seals， existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands
of years.
他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的
当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
【用法】
（1）该句是否定词nor置于句首的部分倒装句，即把谓语动词的一
部分（助动词、情态动词或be动词）提到主语之前。
（2）这样的否定词或短语有：
全部否定意义副词：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere
部分否定意义副词：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little
“绝不”短语：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no
condition/on no account
【品悟】 Not until recently did they encourage the development of
tourist activities in the rural districts.
直到最近，他们才鼓励在农村地区发展旅游活动。
【写美】 同义句转换/微写作
①He had no idea， and he didn’t know whom he could turn to for
help， either.
→He had no idea，and nor whom he could turn to for
help.
did he know
②自从五年前我见到她以来，我从未见过一件事使她如此沮丧。
Never an incident which made her so disheartened since I
met her five years ago.
have I seen
③我的英语说得不正确，也说得不流利。我很少有勇气用英语和别人
交流。（求助信）
Neither do I speak English correctly fluent in
English.Rarely in
English.
nor am I
do I have the courage to communicate with others
句型公式：while引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 But as the saying goes， “While the cat’s away， the
mice will play.”
但正如俗语所说：“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。”
【用法】
（1）while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为
“当……的时候”。
（2）while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”。
（3）while引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
（4）while表示对比或转折，意为“而，然而”。
【品悟】 While I was in London， you helped me adapt to the new
surroundings as soon as possible and I can’t thank you enough.
当我在伦敦的时候，你帮助我尽快地适应了新环境，我真是太感谢你
了。（感谢信）
【写美】 补全句子
①尽管网络学习证明是有用的，但也存在一些缺点。（发言稿）
， there exist some
disadvantages.
②在学校，一些学生很活跃而另一些学生很腼腆。然而他们可以彼此
成为好朋友。
At school， .
However， they can become good friends with each other.
While online learning proves useful
some students are active while others are shy
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. You had better not eat dessert before lunch because it will spoil
your （胃口）.
2. It’s reported that this bamboo forest is an important （栖
息地） for the giant pandas.
3. It’s not clear whether the （事件） was an accident or
not.
appetite
habitat
incident
4. The unexpected storms caused traffic （大混乱） across the
whole city.
5. The young healthy volunteers will be exposed to the （病
毒） in order to test vaccines in a controlled environment.
6. The number of new students （减少） from 210 to 160
last year.
7. The roof of the house c under the weight of the fallen snow.
8. People are gradually realizing the importance of preserving cultural
h .
chaos
virus
decreased
ollapsed
eritage
9. It is suggested that parents should reduce their i to
children.
10. Pollution has had a disastrous effect on the e of that region.
ntervention
cology
维度二：词形转换
1. These data show that tourism has improved
（dramatic） compared with other industries.
2. It was after I attended a speech given by Professor Li that I became
interested in wildlife （conserve）.
3. I decide to invite Lily to have dinner with my family before
her （depart） for Paris.
4. They （subsequent） heard that he left the country
after working there for 5 years.
dramatically
conservation
departure
subsequently
5. （owe） to lack of experience we took a roundabout
course in our work.
6. Economic development should not be achieved at the expense of
the （ecology） environment.
7. He owes his success to the （explode） growth of the
export market.
8. The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and
minerals （trap） in it.
Owing
ecological
explosive
trapped
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. The plane got （失控） and crashed into the sea
finally.
2. His death was totally unexpected and， （因
此）， no plans had been made for his replacement.
3. Those species which cannot adapt to the changing conditions may
（灭绝）.
4. Humans should preserve biodiversity to protect nature and live
（与……和谐相处） it.
out of control
in consequence
die
out
in
harmony with
5. We need to settle this problem today （彻底地）
because we have to do new tasks tomorrow.
6. Eventually the painting （结果是） to be a genuine Qi
Baishi after identification.
7. What’s more， we can （提出） our own ideas
and learn more through discussion.
8. Imagine singing together with hundreds of other people
（当你独自在家时）.
once and for all
turned out
come up with
while you are
at home alone
维度四：课文语法填空
Macquarie Island takes on a long， thin shape， 1. is
because of strong winds and 2. （storm） seas.It is a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.Its native inhabitants existed in perfect
harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.In 1810，
humans arrived on the island with rats and mice unknowingly.These
animals quickly took over the island， 3. （bring） disasters to birds.Unfortunately， cats 4. （intend） to control rats and mice developed an appetite for birds，too.Later，rabbits
which
stormy
bringing
intended
5. （introduce） but they led to greater damage to the island.Experts came up with a plan to release a virus 6. （kill） the rabbits，but afterwards，they developed an immunity 7. the virus， and their number exploded once again.This incident made 8. clear that the rat， mouse and rabbit problem needed 9. （solve）
once and for all.I am here to tackle this problem.I brought trained dogs to remove the last 10. （remain） invading species.I think we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
were introduced
to kill
to
it
solving/to be solved
remaining
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE，” says Kenyan ecologist Paula
Kahumbu. “All elephants are in major， major trouble.”
Populations of the three species have declined： savanna （热带草
原） elephants， forest elephants， and the smaller-eared Asian
elephants. And we’re to blame. We’ve expanded into elephant
territory， building homes and roads， cutting down forests and planting
crops. Besides， with the rise of poaching （偷猎）， the number of
elephants has decreased and became dangerously low in the past five
decades.
“Poaching doesn’t just destroy animals，” says Kahumbu， “it
gradually weakens society.” That’s why her organization monitored
poaching cases in Kenyan courts， launched a campaign called Hands Off
Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife.
Kahumbu’s goal is noble and urgent： to change “the whole national
awareness about conservation”.
Now， she’s taking her message to an international stage with
Secrets of the Elephants， a four-part series on National Geographic. It
explores the hidden lives of elephants in four habitats — Asia， plus
African forests， deserts， and savannas — as well as the people who are
racing to save the animals.
“We kind of know what they need， but we aren’t always generous
enough.” Secrets of the Elephants， she hopes， will familiarize people
with the wildlife that lives among them.
While making the series， the difficult situation of some elephants
shocked her. “You look at their faces and they look so sad，” she says.
She particularly noticed this in Asia， where Asian elephants and people
live in increasingly close distance.
“Despite decades of research into African elephants， much
research into Asian elephants has fallen behind — which is why our
programme in the following pages will focus on this species，” she adds.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章描述了三种大象数量急剧下降
的现状和原因，以及肯尼亚生态学家Paula Kahumbu的组织对保护大
象所作的努力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章描述了三种大象数量急剧下降
的现状和原因，以及肯尼亚生态学家Paula Kahumbu的组织对保护大
象所作的努力。
1. What does Paragraph 2 focus on？
A. The features of three species of elephants.
B. The different situations of the elephants.
C. The causes for the decrease of the elephants.
D. The impact of human behaviors on elephants.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要讲述了人
类行为对大象产生的影响。
2. What did Kahumbu do？
A. She monitored poachers hunting elephants.
B. She filmed a feature about elephants.
C. She started a national wildlife protection movement.
D. She changed people’s awareness of wildlife protection.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts， launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife.可知，Kahumbu发起了一项全国的野生动物保护运动。
3. What can be inferred about the Asian elephants？
A. They like to get close to humans.
B. They are almost ignored by experts.
C. They remain mysterious to humans.
D. They are gradually losing their habitats.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，大象正生活在
困境当中，生活得很艰难、痛苦，亚洲的大象和人类住的越来越
近，说明大象的栖息地正逐渐被人类占领，它们也逐渐失去了自己
的栖息地。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text？
A. Take Action： Stop Poaching
B. Film Series： Secrets of the Elephants
C. Paula Kahumbu： A Brave Kenyan Ecologist
D. Endangered： Three Species of Elephants
解析： 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要描述了三种
大象数量急剧下降、濒临灭绝的现状和原因。因此D项适合作文章
标题。
B
Thousands of emperor penguin chicks across four colonies in
Antarctica are believed to have died because of record-low sea ice levels
that caused a catastrophic breeding （繁殖） failure in late 2022，
according to new research.
Analysis of satellite images showed the break-up of the stable sea ice
and the disappearance of the colonies at a time when chicks had not yet
grown their waterproof feathers. Scientists have said emperor penguins
face an uncertain future under global heating because they are so
dependent on sea ice.
The research said that the breeding failures in the Bellingshausen Sea
never happened before， as it was the first time multiple colonies across a
large region had all failed in a single season. “It’s a worrying story，”
said Dr Peter Fretwell， a researcher with the British Antarctic Survey and
the lead author of the research. “The sea ice loss has been far quicker
than we imagined.” Many parts of the region had near-total loss of sea
ice. Fretwell estimated as many as 7，000 chicks may have perished.
“In some cases it’s possible the sea broke up into smaller floes （浮
冰） or under the feet of the penguins，” he said.
“If immersed， the chicks will drown. If they get back on to the ice floes，
they will freeze because of lack of their waterproof feathers.”
Dr Barbara Wienecke， a senior research scientist at the Australian
Antarctic Division， said“They still have their downy plumage （全身茸毛）. If the ice breaks out before they can safely enter the water， the
plumage becomes so wet that the chicks die of exposure. It’s
extraordinarily upsetting to think of this happening.”
Both Wienecke and Fretwell said predictions of the future for the
penguin species may have to be revised， with the risk potentially greater
than previously feared. Fretwell said： “It’s only by changing our
behaviour and the amounts of fossil fuels we use will we completely
change the situation for these emperor penguins， and many other
species. How bad it gets is still up to us.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，由于地球变暖，南极的
帝企鹅繁殖困难，幼鸟也难以存活。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，由于地球变暖，南极的
帝企鹅繁殖困难，幼鸟也难以存活。
5. Which can describe the situation of the emperor penguin chicks？
A. Promising. B. Alarming.
C. Hopeless. D. Inspiring.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，海洋冰层的减少使
帝企鹅的繁殖失败，而且幼企鹅生存的冰块也在消失，所以它们的
现状令人担忧。
6. What do we know about the chicks according to the passage？
A. They are dying of food shortages.
B. They are finding new habitats for breeding.
C. They have learned how to swim in the ice water.
D. They don’t have the kind of feathers protecting them.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，幼企鹅还未长出
可以保护它们的防水羽毛。
7. What does the underlined word “perished” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Appeared. B. Adapted.
C. Escaped. D. Died.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句可知，海上的冰块会
分解成小块浮冰，幼企鹅会落水溺亡，哪怕爬回浮冰，浸湿的茸毛
也会让它们冻死，因此Fretwell估计大量企鹅会死亡，所以画线单
词意为“死亡”。
8. What does Fretwell want to convey in the last paragraph？
A. Fossil fuels are to blame for the destruction.
B. We should change our behaviour to save the penguins.
C. We should not fear the potential risk as it can be removed.
D. More research should be done to ensure the positive changes.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段Fretwell说的话可知，人类的
行为和化石燃料的燃烧导致了帝企鹅的死亡，所以它们的未来取决
于人类行为。
C
A lot of glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate （碳酸
钠） can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items， but it
doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for
thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this
environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative.
In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances， a
team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process
Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from
amino acids（氨基酸）. That glass would have a smaller impact on the
environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months.
In a test， glass beads （玻璃珠） made out of amino acids were
placed under the skin of mice， and the breakdown of the bead and the
skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study
shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month， the
glass implant degraded （降解） beneath the skin， the wound site
healed， and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period， no
mice showed any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the
glass implantation， and none of them experienced obvious weight
loss，” the researchers wrote in their paper.
Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment， this
biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass， because amino
acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this barrier，
the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-
cooling procedure applied in glass making. This is when materials for the
glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the
glass tougher.
“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is
currently in the lab stage， and far from large-scale
commercialization，” emphasized Yan Xuehai， a professor involved in the study， in a press release.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家
团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家
团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。
9. What did the researchers study during the experiment？
A. The mice’s skin healing process.
B. The breakdown of the glass beads.
C. The medical value of the new glass.
D. The glass degradation with less injury to the mice.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究人员在实
验中研究出玻璃降解对小鼠损伤较小。
10. How do the researchers improve the durability of amino acid glass？
A. Adding more amino acids.
B. Heating the glass and rapidly cooling it.
C. Using special chemical substances.
D. Changing the producing process of glass.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的This is when
materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly
cooled so as to make the glass tougher.可知，研究人员加热玻璃并
迅速冷却来提高氨基酸玻璃的耐久性。
11. What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A. Transformed. B. Melted.
C. Enlarged. D. Produced.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，为了克服这一
障碍，研究人员使用玻璃制造中应用的加热-冷却程序对氨基酸进
行化学转换。故画线词意思是“转换”。
12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. A New Kind of Perfect Glass
B. Amino Acids Make Glass Tougher
C. Large-scale Commercial Glass Products
D. Environment-Friendly and Biodegradable Glass
解析： 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队
利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。由此可知，D项（环
保型、可生物降解玻璃）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A
recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our
home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes
of indoor air pollution. 13
It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by
building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and
decorating products， bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain
these chemicals. 14 For instance， cooking generates a lot of harmful
emissions， like frying meat in oil.
As a research from Denmark has highlighted， cooking， particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants. 15 When exposed to cooking emissions， people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer — causing genetic changes. 16 And what can we do with it？
As far as cooking emissions are concerned， no one is suggesting
switching to takeaways. 17 For example， cooking meat at high
temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling
pasta. Besides， opening windows and using cooker hoods are preferable
so that we can enjoy the roasted meat without those undesirable effects.
A. In the long run， these changes lead to cancer.
B. They might also arise from cooking at home.
C. A wide range of sources are under investigation.
D. Therefore， what results from indoor air pollution？
E. However， most of us have ignored their bad effects.
F. So， what are the main contributors to poor air quality？
G. But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了室内空气污染的原
因以及减少这一污染的建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了室内空气污染的原
因以及减少这一污染的建议。
13. F 上文提到许多研究人员已经研究了室内空气污染的原因，故此
处主要引出下文空气质量差的原因。F项（那么，空气质量差的主要
原因是什么？）符合语境。
14. B 根据空后一句可知，烹饪也会导致室内空气质量差。B项（也
可能是由于在家做饭引起的）符合语境。
15. E 上文提到了烧烤晚餐含有许多潜在的有害污染物，由此可推
测本句是在说明人们对这一问题的态度。E项（然而，我们大多数人
都忽视了它们的不良影响）符合语境。
16. A 根据空前两句可知，长期接触烹饪排放物可能会导致基因变
化。A项（从长远来看，这些变化会导致癌症）符合语境。
17. G 空后的例子表明，改变烹饪方式可以减少有害排放物的产
生。G项（但是我们可以改变烹饪方式来解决排放问题）符合语境。
谢谢观看！
