Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.The most important （标准） for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work.
2.He was determined to give his family a （稳固的） and solid base.
3.Exploring nature allows us to catch sight of （稀有的） animals and come across special places of beauty.
4.In the last （一段时间） of the operation， she told me that she felt much better.
5.Some visitors find it difficult to adjust to the city’s high （海拔）.
6.Our country has a large population， a v territory and abundant resources.
7.Our favourite restaurant was closed， so we had to go e .
8.If she marries a foreigner，will her s as a British citizen be affected？
维度二：词形转换
1.Do you know the （mystery） young man living next door to Mary？ It’s said that he comes from New York.
2.Our （biology） clock has to adjust to a new schedule after we change our sleep cycles.
3.Under his grandfather’s influence， Lin Hua gradually became interested in （herb） medicine.
4.What we should do now is take measures immediately to protect these （endanger） animals.
5.The survey found a wide （vary） in the prices charged for canteen food in some schools.
6.He is so deep in debt and desperate for money that he’s （apparent） willing to do everything.
7.Some scientists think the human heart is the most important organ in （compare） with the other organs.
8.You have to meet three （criterion） if you want to work in our company.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.He expressed his deep gratitude （代表） his family members for their timely help.
2.It is possible for local wildlife to （与……共存） the local people.
3.He devotes himself to protecting the wildlife without expecting anything （作为回报）.
4.Competition can be healthy， but if it is pushed too hard it can （导致） envy.
5. （这个男孩打破的窗户） has been repaired.
6.Policemen （被认为） people who you can rely on when you are in trouble.
维度四：课文语法填空
Good morning， everyone.It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here 1. behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
In 2016， Shennongjia 2. （make） it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.But there are so many important places not yet on this list.So people might ask：why Shennongjia？ UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria 3. （require） by the list.For the first criterion， Shennongjia is 4. （apparent） one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world.For 5. second criterion， we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity， but it is a challenge 6. （look） after so many species.The most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people， 7. take things from nature without 8. （cause） damage.They manage to live and work in harmony with nature.All of this explains why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List， as well as highlighting how understanding， 9. （aware） and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our 10. （nature） world.
That’s all.Thank you for listening.Now， does anyone have any questions？
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
After most people complete their undergraduate degree， they either take a break or jump into a job. Few， like Brianna Craft， set out to save the world.
It started when she was a freshman sitting in an environmental studies class in 2006. Craft was shocked when the professor described the harm climate change was having on people. She records the moment in her new book， Everything That Rises： A Climate Change Memoir.
After graduation， Craft spent a year in AmeriCorps， focusing on protecting the environment. AmeriCorps is an organization connecting individuals and organizations to help communities tackle their toughest challenges. “That helped me figure out that my future was not in doing science，” she says. Instead， she wanted to work with people and policy.
She then had an opportunity to attend the UN climate negotiations （磋商）. That， in turn， prepared her for her current role as a senior researcher at the London-based International Institute for Environment and Development （IIED）. Her focus is to ensure that the lowest contributors to greenhouse gases and those most affected by climate change have a voice in international climate negotiations.
For five years， Craft attended and supported climate conferences around the world， leading to the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015. Craft says， “I wanted people to care about the work I did in the climate negotiations， and why we pushed so hard to form this agreement.” That led her to write Everything That Rises： A Climate Change Memoir.
Craft brings the viewpoint of an African American woman from a rural northwest community. She weaves （编织） together several storylines — including her difficult childhood with an irresponsible parent， her self-discovery in college and her work to help work towards climate agreements and ensure that even the smallest countries have a voice.
1.What motivated Craft to work on climate change？
A.A course. B.A book.
C.A scientist. D.A program.
2.How did the experience in AmeriCorps help Craft？
A.She made achievements.
B.She fell in love with science.
C.She got inspiration for her book.
D.She was clearer about her career path.
3.What does Craft do as a senior researcher at the IIED？
A.She promotes equal rights to speak among countries.
B.She focuses on removing greenhouse gases in London.
C.She ensures climate negotiations are the UN’s top priority.
D.She speaks for the countries producing the most greenhouse gases.
4.Which of the following words best describes Craft’s job？
A.Boring. B.Risky.
C.Fruitful. D.Well-paid.
B
Corals are comeback creatures. As the world froze and melted and sea levels rose and fell over 30，000 years， Australia’s Great Barrier Reef， which is roughly the size of Italy， died and revived five times. But now， due to human activities， corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change， a rise in global temperatures of 1.5℃ could cause coral reefs to decline 70%－90%. The planet is about 1℃ hotter than in the 19th century and its seas are becoming warmer， stormier and more acidic （酸性的）. This is already affecting relations between corals and the single-celled algae （海藻）， which give them their colour. When waters become unusually warm， algae float away， leaving reefs a ghostly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans makes it harder for corals to form their structures.
If corals go， divers and marine biologists are not the only people who will miss them. Reefs take up only a per cent of the sea floor， but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbours， many of whom depend on them as a source of protein. Roughly an eighth of the world’s population lives within 100 km of a reef. Corals also protect 150，000 km of shoreline in more than 100 countries and territories from the oceans buffeting （肆虐）， as well as generating billions of dollars in tourism revenue.
Coral systems must adapt if they are to survive. They need protection from local sources of harm. Their ecosystems suffer from waste from farms， building sites and blast fishing. Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industries， such as tougher local building codes， and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.
Setting up marine protected areas could also help reefs. Locals who fear for their livelihoods could be given work as rangers with the job of looking after the reserves. Visitors to marine parks can be required to pay a special tax， like what has been done in the Caribbean.
Many reefs that have been damaged could benefit from restoration. Coral’s biodiversity offers hope， because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions. Corals of the western Pacific， for example， can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific， which proves a way forward to encourage corals to grow in new spots.
5.According to the passage， what may happen to coral reefs when waters become warm？
A.Floating away. B.Changing forms.
C.Turning white. D.Becoming acidic.
6.According to Paragraph 4， the governments should .
A.ban people from fishing in the coral reef areas
B.reduce the number of visitors to the marine parks
C.call on volunteers to look after the marine reserves
D.carry out stricter rules on industries around the coast
7.Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage？
A.Corals have experienced death and revival for five times.
B.Reefs play an important part in protecting the fish diversity.
C.Coral systems suffer from agriculture， tourism and fishing.
D.The growth of coral has nothing to do with the condition.
8.What’s the main purpose of the passage？
A.To attach more importance to coral reefs’ protection.
B.To present the significance of coral reefs to the world.
C.To expose the influence of climate change on coral reefs.
D.To appeal to governments for quick action to save coral reefs.
C
Five months ago， a new species of box jellyfish was discovered in Hong Kong. It is a relative of the deadly Australian box jellyfish， one of the most venomous （有毒的） animals on Earth. One sting （刺伤） from it can kill a person in minutes.
A university team in Hong Kong， led by Qiu Jianwen from the Hong Kong Baptist University， discovered it at the Mai Po Nature Reserve， a local wetland area. It was the first discovery of a new box jellyfish species in Chinese waters.
But it’s not the first time biology professor Qiu has discovered a new creature. He’s made more than 30 discoveries in about 20 years spent exploring new marine animals.
Qiu doesn’t go looking for new species on purpose. In 2014， he did research on the health of coral in Hong Kong waters. To learn more， Qiu and his team needed to find all of the coral species involved. And in doing so， they discovered four new coral species.
Finding new species reminds Qiu of how biologically diverse Hong Kong’s waters are. Hong Kong takes up just 0.03 per cent of China’s total marine area， yet it is home to more than 25 per cent of all marine species recorded in China， a report by the University of Hong Kong showed.
However， Hong Kong’s marine animals face threats， due to factors including habitat loss， climate change and overuse of natural resources.
Although action is being taken， it focuses more on bigger creatures， like dolphins and birds. “Many marine species are small and they are often overlooked. If these species were to become extinct， few people would notice or care. But for me， each one has its rightful place，” said Qiu.
He hopes everyone can recognize the importance of the ocean. “When more people show concern for the ocean， we are， in fact， acting for our own benefit，” he said.
9.Where was the new species of box jellyfish found？
A.In a university lab of HK.
B.In the ocean of Australia.
C.In a nature reserve of HK.
D.In a wetland of Australia.
10.What was Qiu’s task in 2014？
A.To find new species of coral for the study.
B.To study the health condition of coral.
C.To study the living environment of coral.
D.To find all coral species in the world.
11.What can we know about the marine animals in HK？
A.All of them are dying out.
B.No action is being taken to protect them.
C.Habitat loss is the biggest threat to them.
D.They’re in danger.
12.What can be inferred according to the last two paragraphs？
A.Small marine species aren’t protected as they deserve.
B.Bigger creatures like dolphins and birds should be better protected.
C.People are now taking action to better protect small marine species.
D.More and more people are aware of the extinction of small marine species.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In the animal kingdom， parents adopt babies that aren’t their own， and that are even other species. Why do they do it？
For foster （收养的） parents， there are vast costs， with no promise of passing on biological genes. 13 ， because it seems to be wholly altruistic （利他的）. But this makes it especially confusing in inhabitants， who do not have the cultural influences we do.
One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom is Ano Nuevo Island， rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the rocky California coast. 14 .
From 1976， scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the seals and why it was happening. It’s a crowed beach， with high tides and rough surf， which explains why many little seals each year are separated from their mothers at least once， some permanently.
The researchers counted a total of 572 adopted little seals over the course. Interestingly， some adult seals were likely than others to become foster parents. For one thing， all the foster parents were female. 15 . Yet among females， the most common foster seal was a mother who had lost her own child. Why could this be？ One possible reason is that adoption helped these females reproduce later on.
Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation （排卵）. 16 .
Another possibility is that mothers are prepared to care for their children immediately following birth. 17 ， the motivation for care may be so great that they redirect their attention to other unrelated little animals.
A.Considering the absence of their own young
B.Scientists have long been interested in adoption
C.Once a year， it is home to hundreds of northern elephant seals to give birth
D.Because those poor little seals can meet the seals of their own size in the foster family
E.That’s unsurprising， for what drives these poor little seals to seek out care is the need to nurse
F.In turn it could make a female more likely to give birth to her own child the following season
G.Only in this way can the species go on keeping its unity and power to fight against the danger
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是星光中学的学生李华，你将代表学校参加主题为Actions for Greener Earth的英语演讲比赛。请你撰写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.目前我们生存的地球所面临的环境问题，比如野生动物的栖息地骤减等；
2.人们为绿色地球可以采取的行动：为野生动植物建立自然保护区、倡导绿色出行等。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Ladies and gentlemen，
Good afternoon！ I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”.
Thank you！
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.criterion 2.secure 3.rare 4.session 5.altitude
6.vast 7.elsewhere 8.status
维度二
1.mysterious 2.biological 3.herbal 4.endangered
5.variation 6.apparently 7.comparison 8.criteria
维度三
1.on behalf of 2.coexist with 3.in return 4.result in
5.The window broken by the boy 6.are regarded as
维度四
1.on 2.made 3.required 4.apparently 5.the 6.to look
7.who 8.causing 9.awareness 10.natural
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了环境保护主义者克拉夫为应对气候变化作出的贡献。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段内容和第三段第一句可知，一门课程激励克拉夫致力于天气变化。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That helped me figure out that my future was not in doing science，” she says. Instead， she wanted to work with people and policy.可知，在美国志愿队的经历让克拉夫对于自己的事业之路更加清晰。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Her focus is to ensure that ...have a voice in international climate negotiations.可知，克拉夫作为伦敦国际环境与发展研究所（IIED）高级研究员工作的重点是提倡国家间的平等发言权。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推断，克拉夫工作成就硕果累累。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境和它对人类的帮助，并针对政府及人类提出了对其实施保护措施的建议。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的When waters become unusually warm， algae float away， leaving reefs a ghostly white.可知，当海水变暖之后，珊瑚会变成白色。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Governments need to ...enforcing rules against overfishing.可知，政府应该对沿海地区的工业实行更严格的规定。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Reefs take up only a per cent of the sea floor， but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity.可知，珊瑚礁对于鱼类的多样性的保护方面有着重要的作用。
8.A 写作目的题。文章第一段最后一句引出本文的话题，接着描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境、它对人类的帮助、针对政府及人类对其实施保护措施的建议。由此推知，文章的主要目的是提高人们对珊瑚礁的保护意识。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种箱型水母新品种被发现的过程并呼吁人们认识到保护海洋的重要性。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的A university team in Hong Kong， led by Qiu Jianwen from the Hong Kong Baptist University， discovered it at the Mai Po Nature Reserve， a local wetland area.可知，这种箱型水母新品种在香港一个自然保护区内被发现。
10.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的In 2014， he did research on the health of coral in Hong Kong waters.可知，他在2014年的任务是研究香港水域珊瑚的健康状况。
11.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，香港的海洋生物面临威胁。
12.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Many marine species are small and they are often overlooked.可知，小型海洋物种没有得到应有的保护。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然界动物王国中的父母会收养不是由自己生产的幼崽，甚至是其他物种的幼崽，同时分析了这种现象可能的原因。
13.B 根据下文because it seems to be wholly altruistic可知，空处是空后说的这种原因带来的结果。B项（科学家们一直对收养感兴趣）与`下文意思连贯，符合语境。
14.C 根据上文可知，该岛是研究动物收养的最佳地点之一。C项（每年栖息在这里的数百只北象海豹在这里生产）符合语境，交代了上文提到的该岛是最佳地点之一的原因。
15.E 根据上一句可知，收养小海豹的都是雌性海豹。E项（那并不奇怪，因为驱使这些可怜的小海豹寻求护理的原因是它们需要被喂奶）符合语境，解释了收养小海豹的都是雌性海豹这种现象的原因，失去父母的幼小海豹会主动寻找雌性海豹寻求哺育。
16.F 根据上一句可知，此处提到失去孩子的雌性海豹喂养别的小海豹的一个好处。F项（相应地，这会使雌性海豹更有可能在下一个季节生下自己的孩子）与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。F项中的it指代ovulation，排卵使它们更有可能再次生下自己的孩子。
17.A 该空后句首字母没大写，和后面部分为同一个句子。A项是一个介词短语，是空后部分的原因状语，与空后部分能组成一个完整的句子，语意完整、通顺，指的是雌性海豹自己的孩子找不到了，照顾孩子的动机驱使自己去哺育别的孩子。
Ⅲ.
Ladies and gentlemen，
Good afternoon！ I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”.
There are still many problems of environment pollution. For example， the habitat of wild animals is on the decrease， causing the extinction of rare species. Therefore， we should join in the actions for greener Earth.
First of all， we’d better raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. For instance，a substantial number of nature reserves can be set up for the conservation of wildlife. What’s more， I regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and beautiful.
Finally， on behalf of students in our school， I call on people to save the limited natural resources， which we rely on for living.
Thank you！
6 / 6Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
WHY SHENNONGJIA？
Good morning， everyone.[1]It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of① the Be at One with Nature Association.
As we know， in 2016， Shennongjia made it② onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.But there are so many important places not yet on this list.So you might ask：why Shennongjia？ Is it its forests [2]that stretch③ on and on like great green seas？ Is it the legendary④ father of Chinese herbal⑤ medicine， Shennong， [3]after whom the park is named⑥？ [4]Or is it the mysterious⑦ creature called “Yeren” （wild man） that has captured⑧ the imagination of the world？
[1]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to give ...作真正的主语。
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词its forests。
[3]after whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Shennong。
[4]本句为强调句，强调the mysterious creature called “Yeren” （wild man）；过去分词短语called “Yeren” （wild man） 作后置定语，修饰名词creature。
UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status⑨ [5]because it meets two criteria⑩ required by the list.It contains a naturally-balanced environment [6]that allows the many and various species to live and prosper .It is also one of the rare locations in the world [7]where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve .
[5]because引导原因状语从句；过去分词短语required by the list作后置定语，修饰two criteria。
[6]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment。
[7]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词locations；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词processes；as引导时间状语从句。
For the first criterion， Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world.The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3，000 metres above sea level， [8]giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”.The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions.This allows a wide variety of species to thrive .Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years， and are regarded as living fossils .
For the second criterion， we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity.Look at this slide .According to official statistics， over 3，000 plant species have been recorded there.This represents more than ten per cent of China’s total floral richness.Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species， including the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard.Additionally ， around 4，300 insect species have been recorded.
[9]It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter， scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures [10]to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey.Thanks to their efforts， the monkey’s population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached over 1，300 in 2015 and continues to grow.
[8]动词-ing短语作结果状语。
[9]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to look after so many species作真正的主语。
[10]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people， [11]who take things from nature without causing damage.I visited a local village [12]which is known for its home-made honey.[13]What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee.Every spring， the villagers place beehives around their houses [14]to attract these wild bees from the forest.Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species， the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.By providing the bees with a secure home， the villagers collect their honey in return .This is just one of the ways [15]in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature.
【读文清障】
①on behalf of代表
②make it 获得成功；准时到达
③stretch v.绵延；延伸
④legendary adj.大名鼎鼎的；传奇式的
⑤herbal adj.用香（药）草制成的
⑥be named after以……命名
⑦mysterious adj.神秘的
⑧capture v.引起（注意、想象、兴趣）
⑨status n.地位；身份
⑩criterion n.（criteria pl.）标准，准则
prosper v.兴旺，发达
rare adj.稀有的，罕见的
ecological adj.生态（学）的
biological adj.生物的，与生物有关的
evolve v.逐渐演变；进化
apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎
vast adj.巨大的；广大的
range n.（变动或浮动的）范围
altitude n.海拔（高度）
result in导致，引起
variation n.差异；变化
a wide variety of各种各样的，种类繁多的
thrive v.茁壮成长
be regarded as被视作；被认为
fossil n.化石
slide n.幻灯片
floral adj.花的
vertebrate n.脊椎动物
additionally adv.此外；另外
brave v.勇于置身（恶劣或危险的环境）
freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的；冰点以下的
place v.放置，安放
beehive n.蜂房，蜂箱
endangered adj.濒临灭绝的
elsewhere adv.在别处
due to由于，因为
invasion n.涌入
coexist v.共存，共处
secure adj.稳固的；安全的
in return反过来；作为报答
All of this explains [16]why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List， as well as highlighting how understanding， awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
Thank you for listening.Now， does anyone have any questions？
[11]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the local people。
[12]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a local village。
[13]What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。
[14]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[15]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。
[16]why引导宾语从句。
highlight v.强调；突出
【参考译文】
为什么是神农架？
大家早上好。我很开心能代表人与自然和谐相处协会在这里发表演讲。
众所周知，神农架在2016年正式入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》。世界上重要的地方那么多，但许多都没有被列入该名单。所以你可能会问：为什么是神农架？是因为它拥有像绿色海洋般广袤的森林吗？还是因为它是以中国草药之父神农命名？抑或是叫作“野人”的神秘生物吸引了全世界的目光？
联合国教科文组织让神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标准：它拥有一个自然平衡的环境，使许多不同的物种得以生存和繁衍。它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。
就第一项标准而言，我们可以自豪地说神农架是世界上最“完整”的自然区域之一。该地区的海拔从大约400米上升到3，000多米，被称为“华中屋脊”。海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境，使得大量不同的物种得以繁衍生息。一些动植物生存了数百万年，被视为活化石。
对于第二个标准，我们可以看到神农架有着极丰富的生物多样性。请看这张幻灯片。根据官方统计，在神农架内有记录的植物物种超过3，000种，占到了中国全部开花植物的10%以上。神农架还有600多种脊椎动物，包括川金丝猴和云豹。此外，有记录的昆虫物种也达到了4，300种左右。
照顾如此多的物种是一项挑战。冬季，科学家们不畏暴雪和严寒为川金丝猴提供食物。也正是因为他们的付出，川金丝猴的数量相比于20世纪80年代增加了一倍，到2015年达到1，300多只，而且其数量还在持续增长。
不过神农架给人印象最深的地方还在于当地人的生活方式，他们从大自然中索取，但不会破坏生态平衡。我去了一个以自制蜂蜜而闻名的当地村庄参观。这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中华蜜蜂产的。每年春天，村民们就会在自家周围放置一些蜂箱，吸引森林中的野生蜜蜂。虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪，村民为它们提供安全住所，蜜蜂为人们提供蜂蜜。这只是神农架的村民与自然和谐相处的方式之一。
以上这些解释了为什么神农架能够并理应入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》，同时也强调了人们的理解、认识和付出是如何促进对这一自然界独特且美好区域的保护的。
感谢大家的聆听。现在大家有什么问题吗？
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why is Shennongjia on the UNESCO World Heritage List？
A.Because Shennongjia has the forests stretching on and on.
B.Because Shennongjia has the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine.
C.Because Shennongjia owns the mysterious creature called “Yeren”.
D.Because Shennongjia reaches the two criteria required by the list.
2.What is mentioned in the passage？
A.Scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes in Shennongjia.
B.The region rises from 400 metres to 3，000 metres above sea level in Shennongjia.
C.There is a good balanced nature environment in Shennongjia.
D.Some of the plants and animals’ fossils can be found in Shennongjia.
3.What is the second criterion required by the list in Shennongjia？
A.Shennongjia owns the characteristic of well-known biodiversity.
B.The local village is known for its home-made honey.
C.Shennongjia is obviously one of the most“complete” natural areas.
D.People of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature.
4.What is the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia for the speaker？
A.The bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.
B.The local people take things from nature without damaging the environment.
C.The earliest species of Chinese bees in Shennongjia.
D.The scientists supply food to the monkeys in freezing winter.
5.What is the purpose of the lecture？
A.To introduce Shennongjia，the UNESCO World Heritage to the world.
B.To attract many tourists to visit Shennongjia，the UNESCO World Heritage.
C.To explain the reason and arouse the awareness of protecting the environment.
D.To answer some questions about Shennongjia put by audience.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Do you like Shennongjia and why？
2.How can we play a part in protecting the natural world？
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
句式分析 where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes 为where引导的 从句，修饰先行词locations；that occur 为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词processes；as the plants and animals develop and evolve 为as引导的 从句，as意为“当……的时候；随着”。
自主翻译
2.What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee.
句式分析 What is special about the honey 为What引导的 从句；that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee为that引导的 从句。
自主翻译
3.All of this explains why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List，as well as highlighting how understanding，awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
句式分析 why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List为why引导的 从句；how understanding ...wonderful part of our natural world为how 引导的 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
comparison n.比较
【教材原句】 Data， examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas.
然后，数据、示例和比较被用来支持主要观点。
【用法】
（1）by comparison 相比之下，相比较而言
in comparison with 与……相比较
（2）compare v. 比较；对比；比喻；与某事物相比
n. 比较
compare ...with ... 把……和……相比较
compare ...to ... 把……比作……
compared to/with ... 和……相比（通常作状语）
beyond/without compare 无与伦比，无可比拟
【佳句】 Teachers are often compared to candles， and that’s because their devotion to work is beyond compare.
老师常被比作蜡烛，那是因为他们对工作的投入是无与伦比的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Chinese people like to compare young people flowers， as they are full of vigor.
②The specialist compared the copy the original，but there was not much difference.
③ comparison， the expense on education decreased last year.
【写美】 一句多译
④与其他影片相比，这部英文短片被认为更有教育意义且充满情感。（影评）
→ ，the English short film is believed to be more instructive and full of emotion.（compare）
→ ，the English short film is believed to be more instructive and full of emotion.（comparison）
on behalf of 代表
【教材原句】 It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association. 我很开心能代表人与自然和谐相处协会在这里发表演讲。
【用法】
（1）in behalf sb＝in sb’s behalf 为了帮助某人
on one’s behalf 代表某人
（2）represent v. 代表；象征；描绘
stand for 代表；象征
in the name of 以……名义
【佳句】 On behalf of the Students’ Union， I’m writing to invite you to give us a lecture from 3：00 pm to 5：00 pm next Wednesday.
我代表学生会写信邀请您在下周三下午3点到5点给我们作讲座。（邀请信）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She made an emotional public appeal her son’s behalf.
【写美】 一句多译
②我代表英语口语俱乐部，呼吁所有对英语口语感兴趣的人加入我们。
→ ，I call on whoever is interested in oral English to join us.（behalf）
→ ，I call on whoever is interested in oral English to join us.（represent）
apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎；显然
【教材原句】 For the first criterion，Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world. 就第一项标准而言，我们可以自豪地说神农架是世界上最“完整”的自然区域之一。
【用法】
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
become apparent 显而易见
for no apparent reason 不知什么原因
It is apparent （to sb） that ... ……（对某人来说）是很显然的
【佳句】 It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.
从她脸上可以明显看出她真的很难过。
Then， for no apparent reason， there was something wrong with the car and it stopped suddenly. 接着，不知什么原因，车子出了什么故障，突然停了下来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （apparent），the stress of getting the best grade had taken its toll on him.
②It was apparent everyone that he was seriously ill.
【写美】 一句多译
③很显然，中国在过去几十年取得了很大进步。
→
→
variation n.差异；变化
【教材原句】 The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions.
海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境。
【用法】
（1）vary vi. 变化
vary from ...to ... 在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
vary with ... 随……而变化
（2）various adj. 不同的，各种各样的
various shapes 各种各样的形状
（3）variety n. 品种；种类；变化
a variety of＝varieties of＝various 多种多样的
【佳句】 In my class the students vary in height from 160 cm to 180 cm.
我班的学生身高从160厘米到180厘米不等。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In comparison，the new machine can record every （vary） in temperature during the daytime.
②When we discuss something about class activities， opinions often vary person person.
③What’s more，your purpose may vary your topic.
【写美】 补全句子
④由于各种原因，无法进行改进。
For reasons，it has not been possible to carry out improvements.
endangered adj.濒临灭绝的
【教材原句】 Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species， the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. 虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪。
【用法】
（1）danger n. 危险；风险；威胁
in danger 处于危险之中
in danger of 有……的危险
out of danger 脱离危险
（2）endanger v. 危及；危害；使遭遇危险
（3）dangerous adj. 有危险的，不安全的
【佳句】 Many measures have been taken to save endangered wildlife in China.
在中国，已经采取了许多措施来挽救濒危的野生动物。（动物保护）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is reported that two more species have been added to the （endanger） list.
②We should take preventive measures so as to face the potentially （danger） situations.
【写美】 补全句子
③孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。
Children’s lives are every time they cross this road.
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：过去分词短语作后置定语
【教材原句】 UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. 联合国教科文组织让神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标准。
【用法】
（1）过去分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词、代词构成被动关系。
（2）单个的过去分词作定语时，常置于所修饰的名词之前，有些单个的过去分词习惯上放在所修饰的名词之后；而过去分词短语作定语时，常置于所修饰的名词之后。
（3）过去分词短语作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句，也可用逗号与被修饰词隔开。
【品悟】 The concert given by the symphony was a great success.
＝The concert that was given by the symphony was a great success.
该交响乐团举行的音乐会大获成功。
【写美】 微写作
①位于二楼的小组学习室供我们学校的所有学生使用。
The group study room is available for all of the students in our school.
②完成濒危物种的报告之后，请把它放在所提供的信封里。
After completing the report on the endangered species， please .
③剩下的时间不多了。我们快点吧。
There is . Let’s hurry up.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.onto/on 2.complete 3.survived 4.biodiversity
5.harmony 6.required 7.earned 8.understanding
9.protecting
第二步
1－5 DCABC
第三步
1.Yes， I like it because Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Besides， I am interested in studying wild plants and I can meet many rare plants there.
2.We should save energy， not waste resources， and we should also develop a green style of life.
第四步
1.定语 定语 时间状语
它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。
2.主语 表语
这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中华蜜蜂产的。
3.宾语 宾语
以上这些解释了为什么神农架能够并理应入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》，同时也强调了人们的理解、认识和付出是如何促进对这一自然界独特且美好区域的保护的。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to ②with ③By ④Compared to/with other films； By/In comparison with other films
2.①on ②On behalf of Spoken English Club； Representing Spoken English Club
3.①Apparently ②to ③Apparently， China has made great progress in the past decades. It is apparent that China has made great progress in the past decades.
4.①variation ②from； to ③with
④various/a variety/varieties of
5.①endangered ②dangerous ③in danger
重点句型解构
①located on the second floor ②put it in the provided envelope ③little time left
9 / 9(共100张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
WHY SHENNONGJIA？
Good morning， everyone.[1]It is my great pleasure to give a
lecture here on behalf of① the Be at One with Nature Association.
[1]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to give ...作真正的主语。
【读文清障】
①on behalf of代表
As we know， in 2016， Shennongjia made it② onto the UNESCO
World Heritage List.But there are so many important places not yet on this
list.So you might ask：why Shennongjia？ Is it its forests [2]that stretch
③ on and on like great green seas？ Is it the legendary④ father of Chinese
herbal⑤ medicine， Shennong， [3]after whom the park is named⑥？
[4]Or is it the mysterious⑦ creature called “Yeren” （wild man） that
has captured⑧ the imagination of the world？
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词its forests。
[3]after whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Shennong。
②make it 获得成功；准时到达
③stretch v.绵延；延伸
④legendary adj.大名鼎鼎的；传奇式的
⑤herbal adj.用香（药）草制成的
⑥be named after以……命名
⑦mysterious adj.神秘的
⑧capture v.引起（注意、想象、兴趣）
[4]本句为强调句，强调the mysterious creature called “Yeren”
（wild man）；过去分词短语called “Yeren” （wild man） 作后置
定语，修饰名词creature。
UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status⑨ [5]because it meets two
criteria⑩ required by the list.It contains a naturally-balanced environment
[6]that allows the many and various species to live and prosper .It is also
one of the rare locations in the world [7]where scientists can observe in
real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the
plants and animals develop and evolve .
[5]because引导原因状语从句；过去分词短语required by the list
作后置定语，修饰two criteria。
[6]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment。
[7]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词locations；that引导定语从
句，修饰先行词processes；as引导时间状语从句。
⑨status n.地位；身份
⑩criterion n.（criteria pl.）标准，准则
prosper v.兴旺，发达
rare adj.稀有的，罕见的
ecological adj.生态（学）的
biological adj.生物的，与生物有关的
evolve v.逐渐演变；进化
For the first criterion， Shennongjia is apparently one of the most
“complete” natural areas in the world.The region rises from about 400
metres to over 3，000 metres above sea level， [8]giving it the name the
“Roof of Central China”.The vast range in altitude results in a
great variation in climatic conditions.This allows a wide variety of
species to thrive .Some of the plants and animals have survived millions
of years， and are regarded as living fossils .
[8]动词-ing短语作结果状语。
apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎
vast adj.巨大的；广大的
range n.（变动或浮动的）范围
altitude n.海拔（高度）
result in导致，引起
variation n.差异；变化
a wide variety of各种各样的，种类繁多的
thrive v.茁壮成长
be regarded as被视作；被认为
fossil n.化石
For the second criterion， we can see that Shennongjia has incredible
biodiversity.Look at this slide .According to official statistics， over 3，
000 plant species have been recorded there.This represents more than ten
per cent of China’s total floral richness.Shennongjia supports more
than 600 vertebrate species， including the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey
and the Clouded Leopard.Additionally ， around 4，300 insect species
have been recorded.
slide n.幻灯片
floral adj.花的
vertebrate n.脊椎动物
additionally adv.此外；另外
[9]It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter，
scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures [10]to supply
food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey.Thanks to their efforts， the
monkey’s population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached
over 1，300 in 2015 and continues to grow.
[9]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to look after so many species作
真正的主语。
[10]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
brave v.勇于置身（恶劣或危险的环境）
freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的；冰点以下的
But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people，
[11]who take things from nature without causing damage.I visited a local
village [12]which is known for its home-made honey.[13]What is special
about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese
bee.Every spring， the villagers place beehives around their houses
[14]to attract these wild bees from the forest.Although endangered
elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species， the bees
of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.By
providing the bees with a secure home， the villagers collect their honey
in return .This is just one of the ways [15]in which people of
Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature.
[11]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the local people。
[12]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a local village。
[13]What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。
[14]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[15]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。
place v.放置，安放
beehive n.蜂房，蜂箱
endangered adj.濒临灭绝的
elsewhere adv.在别处
due to由于，因为
invasion n.涌入
coexist v.共存，共处
secure adj.稳固的；安全的
in return反过来；作为报答
All of this explains [16]why Shennongjia earned — and deserves —
its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List， as well as highlighting
how understanding， awareness and hard work have contributed towards
protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
Thank you for listening.Now， does anyone have any questions？
[16]why引导宾语从句。
highlight v.强调；突出
【参考译文】
为什么是神农架？
大家早上好。我很开心能代表人与自然和谐相处协会在这里发表
演讲。
众所周知，神农架在2016年正式入选联合国教科文组织的《世界
遗产名录》。世界上重要的地方那么多，但许多都没有被列入该名
单。所以你可能会问：为什么是神农架？是因为它拥有像绿色海洋般
广袤的森林吗？还是因为它是以中国草药之父神农命名？抑或是叫作
“野人”的神秘生物吸引了全世界的目光？
联合国教科文组织让神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标
准：它拥有一个自然平衡的环境，使许多不同的物种得以生存和繁
衍。它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动
物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。
就第一项标准而言，我们可以自豪地说神农架是世界上最“完
整”的自然区域之一。该地区的海拔从大约400米上升到3，000多
米，被称为“华中屋脊”。海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环
境，使得大量不同的物种得以繁衍生息。一些动植物生存了数百万
年，被视为活化石。
对于第二个标准，我们可以看到神农架有着极丰富的生物多样
性。请看这张幻灯片。根据官方统计，在神农架内有记录的植物物种
超过3，000种，占到了中国全部开花植物的10%以上。神农架还有
600多种脊椎动物，包括川金丝猴和云豹。此外，有记录的昆虫物种
也达到了4，300种左右。
照顾如此多的物种是一项挑战。冬季，科学家们不畏暴雪和严寒
为川金丝猴提供食物。也正是因为他们的付出，川金丝猴的数量相比
于20世纪80年代增加了一倍，到2015年达到1，300多只，而且其数量
还在持续增长。
不过神农架给人印象最深的地方还在于当地人的生活方式，他们
从大自然中索取，但不会破坏生态平衡。我去了一个以自制蜂蜜而闻
名的当地村庄参观。这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中
华蜜蜂产的。每年春天，村民们就会在自家周围放置一些蜂箱，吸引
森林中的野生蜜蜂。虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这
种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世
纪，村民为它们提供安全住所，蜜蜂为人们提供蜂蜜。这只是神农架
的村民与自然和谐相处的方式之一。
以上这些解释了为什么神农架能够并理应入选联合国教科文组织
的《世界遗产名录》，同时也强调了人们的理解、认识和付出是如何
促进对这一自然界独特且美好区域的保护的。
感谢大家的聆听。现在大家有什么问题吗？
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Why is Shennongjia on the UNESCO World Heritage List？
A. Because Shennongjia has the forests stretching on and on.
B. Because Shennongjia has the legendary father of Chinese herbal
medicine.
C. Because Shennongjia owns the mysterious creature called “Yeren”.
D. Because Shennongjia reaches the two criteria required by the list.
2. What is mentioned in the passage？
A. Scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological
processes in Shennongjia.
B. The region rises from 400 metres to 3，000 metres above sea level in
Shennongjia.
C. There is a good balanced nature environment in Shennongjia.
D. Some of the plants and animals’ fossils can be found in Shennongjia.
3. What is the second criterion required by the list in Shennongjia？
A. Shennongjia owns the characteristic of well-known biodiversity.
B. The local village is known for its home-made honey.
C. Shennongjia is obviously one of the most“complete” natural areas.
D. People of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature.
4. What is the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia for the speaker？
A. The bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for
centuries.
B. The local people take things from nature without damaging the
environment.
C. The earliest species of Chinese bees in Shennongjia.
D. The scientists supply food to the monkeys in freezing winter.
5. What is the purpose of the lecture？
A. To introduce Shennongjia，the UNESCO World Heritage to the world.
B. To attract many tourists to visit Shennongjia，the UNESCO World
Heritage.
C. To explain the reason and arouse the awareness of protecting the
environment.
D. To answer some questions about Shennongjia put by audience.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Do you like Shennongjia and why？
2. How can we play a part in protecting the natural world？
Yes， I like it because Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity.
Besides， I am interested in studying wild plants and I can meet many
rare plants there.
We should save energy， not waste resources， and we should also
develop a green style of life.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can
observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur
as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
句式分析 where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and
biological processes 为where引导的 从句，修饰先行词
locations；that occur 为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词
processes；as the plants and animals develop and evolve 为as引导
的 从句，as意为“当……的时候；随着”。
自主翻译
定语
定语
时间状语
它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察
到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。
2. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest
species of Chinese bee.
句式分析 What is special about the honey 为What引导的 从
句；that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee为that引导
的 从句。
自主翻译
主语
表语
这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中华蜜
蜂产的。
3. All of this explains why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its
place on the UNESCO World Heritage List，as well as highlighting
how understanding，awareness and hard work have contributed
towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
句式分析 why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the
UNESCO World Heritage List为why引导的 从句；how
understanding ...wonderful part of our natural world为how 引导
的 从句。
自主翻译
宾语
宾语
以上这些解释了为什么神农架能够并理应入选联合国
教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》，同时也强调了人们的理解、认识
和付出是如何促进对这一自然界独特且美好区域的保护的。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
comparison n.比较
【教材原句】 Data， examples and comparisons are then used to
support the main ideas.
然后，数据、示例和比较被用来支持主要观点。
【用法】
（1）by comparison 相比之下，相比较而言
in comparison with 与……相比较
（2）compare v. 比较；对比；比喻；与某事物相比
n. 比较
compare ...with ... 把……和……相比较
compare ...to ... 把……比作……
compared to/with ... 和……相比（通常作状语）
beyond/without compare 无与伦比，无可比拟
【佳句】 Teachers are often compared to candles， and that’s
because their devotion to work is beyond compare.
老师常被比作蜡烛，那是因为他们对工作的投入是无与伦比的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Chinese people like to compare young people flowers， as they
are full of vigor.
②The specialist compared the copy the original，but there was
not much difference.
③ comparison， the expense on education decreased last year.
to
with
By
【写美】 一句多译
④与其他影片相比，这部英文短片被认为更有教育意义且充满情感。
（影评）
→ ，the English short film is believed to
be more instructive and full of emotion.（compare）
→ ，the English short film is
believed to be more instructive and full of emotion.（comparison）
Compared to/with other films
By/In comparison with other films
on behalf of 代表
【教材原句】 It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of
the Be at One with Nature Association.
我很开心能代表人与自然和谐相处协会在这里发表演讲。
【用法】
（1）in behalf sb＝in sb’s behalf 为了帮助某人
on one’s behalf 代表某人
（2）represent v. 代表；象征；描绘
stand for 代表；象征
in the name of 以……名义
【佳句】 On behalf of the Students’ Union， I’m writing to invite
you to give us a lecture from 3：00 pm to 5：00 pm next Wednesday.
我代表学生会写信邀请您在下周三下午3点到5点给我们作讲座。（邀
请信）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She made an emotional public appeal her son’s behalf.
on
【写美】 一句多译
②我代表英语口语俱乐部，呼吁所有对英语口语感兴趣的人加入
我们。
→ ，I call on whoever is interested
in oral English to join us.（behalf）
→ ，I call on whoever is interested
in oral English to join us.（represent）
On behalf of Spoken English Club
Representing Spoken English Club
apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎；显然
【教材原句】 For the first criterion，Shennongjia is apparently one of
the most “complete” natural areas in the world.
就第一项标准而言，我们可以自豪地说神农架是世界上最“完整”的
自然区域之一。
【用法】
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
become apparent 显而易见
for no apparent reason 不知什么原因
It is apparent （to sb） that ... ……（对某人来说）是很显然的
【佳句】 It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 从
她脸上可以明显看出她真的很难过。
Then， for no apparent reason， there was something wrong with the
car and it stopped suddenly.
接着，不知什么原因，车子出了什么故障，突然停了下来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （apparent），the stress of getting the best grade had
taken its toll on him.
②It was apparent everyone that he was seriously ill.
Apparently
to
【写美】 一句多译
③很显然，中国在过去几十年取得了很大进步。
→
→
Apparently， China has made great progress in the past decades.
It is apparent that China has made great progress in the past
decades.
variation n.差异；变化
【教材原句】 The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in
climatic conditions.
海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境。
【用法】
（1）vary vi. 变化
vary from ...to ... 在……到……之间变
化；从……到……不等
vary with ... 随……而变化
（2）various adj. 不同的，各种各样的
various shapes 各种各样的形状
（3）variety n. 品种；种类；变化
a variety of＝varieties of＝various 多种多样的
【佳句】 In my class the students vary in height from 160 cm to 180
cm.
我班的学生身高从160厘米到180厘米不等。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In comparison，the new machine can record every
（vary） in temperature during the daytime.
②When we discuss something about class activities， opinions often
vary person person.
③What’s more，your purpose may vary your topic.
variation
from
to
with
【写美】 补全句子
④由于各种原因，无法进行改进。
For reasons，it has not been possible to
carry out improvements.
various/a variety/varieties of
endangered adj.濒临灭绝的
【教材原句】 Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the
invasion of foreign species， the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with
the local people for centuries.
虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但
是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪。
【用法】
（1）danger n. 危险；风险；威胁
in danger 处于危险之中
in danger of 有……的危险
out of danger 脱离危险
（2）endanger v. 危及；危害；使遭遇危险
（3）dangerous adj. 有危险的，不安全的
【佳句】 Many measures have been taken to save endangered wildlife
in China.
在中国，已经采取了许多措施来挽救濒危的野生动物。（动物保护）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is reported that two more species have been added to
the （endanger） list.
②We should take preventive measures so as to face the
potentially （danger） situations.
endangered
dangerous
【写美】 补全句子
③孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。
Children’s lives are every time they cross this road.
in danger
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：过去分词短语作后置定语
【教材原句】 UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it
meets two criteria required by the list.
联合国教科文组织让神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标准。
【用法】
（1）过去分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词、代词构成被动关系。
（2）单个的过去分词作定语时，常置于所修饰的名词之前，有些单
个的过去分词习惯上放在所修饰的名词之后；而过去分词短语作定
语时，常置于所修饰的名词之后。
（3）过去分词短语作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句，也可用逗
号与被修饰词隔开。
【品悟】 The concert given by the symphony was a great success.
＝The concert that was given by the symphony was a great success. 该
交响乐团举行的音乐会大获成功。
【写美】 微写作
①位于二楼的小组学习室供我们学校的所有学生使用。
The group study room is available for all
of the students in our school.
②完成濒危物种的报告之后，请把它放在所提供的信封里。
After completing the report on the endangered species， please
.
③剩下的时间不多了。我们快点吧。
There is . Let’s hurry up.
located on the second floor
put it in
the provided envelope
little time left
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The most important （标准） for entry is that applicants
must design and make their own work.
2. He was determined to give his family a （稳固的） and
solid base.
3. Exploring nature allows us to catch sight of （稀有的）
animals and come across special places of beauty.
criterion
secure
rare
4. In the last （一段时间） of the operation， she told me
that she felt much better.
5. Some visitors find it difficult to adjust to the city’s high
（海拔）.
6. Our country has a large population， a v territory and abundant
resources.
7. Our favourite restaurant was closed， so we had to go e .
8. If she marries a foreigner，will her s as a British citizen be
affected？
session
altitude
ast
lsewhere
tatus
维度二：词形转换
1. Do you know the （mystery） young man living next
door to Mary？ It’s said that he comes from New York.
2. Our （biology） clock has to adjust to a new schedule
after we change our sleep cycles.
3. Under his grandfather’s influence， Lin Hua gradually became
interested in （herb） medicine.
4. What we should do now is take measures immediately to protect
these （endanger） animals.
mysterious
biological
herbal
endangered
5. The survey found a wide （vary） in the prices charged
for canteen food in some schools.
6. He is so deep in debt and desperate for money that
he’s （apparent） willing to do everything.
7. Some scientists think the human heart is the most important organ
in （compare） with the other organs.
8. You have to meet three （criterion） if you want to work
in our company.
variation
apparently
comparison
criteria
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. He expressed his deep gratitude （代表） his family
members for their timely help.
2. It is possible for local wildlife to （与……共存） the
local people.
3. He devotes himself to protecting the wildlife without expecting
anything （作为回报）.
4. Competition can be healthy， but if it is pushed too hard it can
（导致） envy.
on behalf of
coexist with
in return
result
in
5. （这个男孩打破的窗户） has
been repaired.
6. Policemen （被认为） people who you can rely on
when you are in trouble.
The window broken by the boy
are regarded as
维度四：课文语法填空
Good morning， everyone.It is my great pleasure to give a lecture
here 1. behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
In 2016， Shennongjia 2. （make） it onto the UNESCO
World Heritage List.But there are so many important places not yet on this list.So people might ask：why Shennongjia？ UNESCO awarded
Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria 3.
（require） by the list.For the first criterion， Shennongjia is4. （apparent） one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world.
on
made
required
apparently
For 5. second criterion， we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity， but it is a challenge 6. （look） after so many species.The most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people，
7. take things from nature without 8. （cause） damage.
They manage to live and work in harmony with nature.All of this explains why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List， as well as highlighting how understanding， 9.
（aware） and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our 10. （nature） world.
the
to look
who
causing
awareness
natural
That’s all.Thank you for listening.Now， does anyone have any
questions？
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
After most people complete their undergraduate degree， they either
take a break or jump into a job. Few， like Brianna Craft， set out to save
the world.
It started when she was a freshman sitting in an environmental studies
class in 2006. Craft was shocked when the professor described the harm
climate change was having on people. She records the moment in her new
book， Everything That Rises： A Climate Change Memoir.
After graduation， Craft spent a year in AmeriCorps， focusing on
protecting the environment. AmeriCorps is an organization connecting
individuals and organizations to help communities tackle their toughest
challenges. “That helped me figure out that my future was not in doing
science，” she says. Instead， she wanted to work with people and
policy.
She then had an opportunity to attend the UN climate negotiations
（磋商）. That， in turn， prepared her for her current role as a senior
researcher at the London-based International Institute for Environment and
Development （IIED）. Her focus is to ensure that the lowest contributors
to greenhouse gases and those most affected by climate change have a
voice in international climate negotiations.
For five years， Craft attended and supported climate conferences
around the world， leading to the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015.
Craft says， “I wanted people to care about the work I did in the climate
negotiations， and why we pushed so hard to form this agreement.” That
led her to write Everything That Rises： A Climate Change Memoir.
Craft brings the viewpoint of an African American woman from a
rural northwest community. She weaves （编织） together several
storylines — including her difficult childhood with an irresponsible
parent， her self-discovery in college and her work to help work towards
climate agreements and ensure that even the smallest countries have a
voice.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了环境保护主义者克拉夫
为应对气候变化作出的贡献。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了环境保护主义者克拉夫
为应对气候变化作出的贡献。
1. What motivated Craft to work on climate change？
A. A course. B. A book.
C. A scientist. D. A program.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容和第三段第一句可知，一
门课程激励克拉夫致力于天气变化。
2. How did the experience in AmeriCorps help Craft？
A. She made achievements.
B. She fell in love with science.
C. She got inspiration for her book.
D. She was clearer about her career path.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That helped me figure
out that my future was not in doing science，” she says. Instead，
she wanted to work with people and policy.可知，在美国志愿队的经
历让克拉夫对于自己的事业之路更加清晰。
3. What does Craft do as a senior researcher at the IIED？
A. She promotes equal rights to speak among countries.
B. She focuses on removing greenhouse gases in London.
C. She ensures climate negotiations are the UN’s top priority.
D. She speaks for the countries producing the most greenhouse gases.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Her focus is to ensure
that ...have a voice in international climate negotiations.可知，克拉
夫作为伦敦国际环境与发展研究所（IIED）高级研究员工作的重点
是提倡国家间的平等发言权。
4. Which of the following words best describes Craft’s job？
A. Boring. B. Risky.
C. Fruitful. D. Well-paid.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推断，克拉夫工作
成就硕果累累。
B
Corals are comeback creatures. As the world froze and melted and
sea levels rose and fell over 30，000 years， Australia’s Great Barrier
Reef， which is roughly the size of Italy， died and revived five times.
But now， due to human activities， corals face the most complex
condition they have yet had to deal with.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change， a rise
in global temperatures of 1.5℃ could cause coral reefs to decline 70%－
90%. The planet is about 1℃ hotter than in the 19th century and its seas
are becoming warmer， stormier and more acidic （酸性的）. This is
already affecting relations between corals and the single-celled algae （海
藻）， which give them their colour. When waters become unusually
warm， algae float away， leaving reefs a ghostly white. This
“bleaching” is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s.
Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans makes it harder for corals
to form their structures.
If corals go， divers and marine biologists are not the only people
who will miss them. Reefs take up only a per cent of the sea floor， but
support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter
are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbours， many of
whom depend on them as a source of protein. Roughly an eighth of the
world’s population lives within 100 km of a reef. Corals also protect
150，000 km of shoreline in more than 100 countries and territories from
the oceans buffeting （肆虐）， as well as generating billions of dollars
in tourism revenue.
Coral systems must adapt if they are to survive. They need protection
from local sources of harm. Their ecosystems suffer from waste from
farms， building sites and blast fishing. Governments need to impose
tighter rules on these industries， such as tougher local building codes，
and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.
Setting up marine protected areas could also help reefs. Locals who
fear for their livelihoods could be given work as rangers with the job of
looking after the reserves. Visitors to marine parks can be required to pay
a special tax， like what has been done in the Caribbean.
Many reefs that have been damaged could benefit from restoration.
Coral’s biodiversity offers hope， because the same coral will grow
differently under different conditions. Corals of the western Pacific， for
example， can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the
eastern Pacific， which proves a way forward to encourage corals to grow
in new spots.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂
环境和它对人类的帮助，并针对政府及人类提出了对其实施保护措
施的建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂
环境和它对人类的帮助，并针对政府及人类提出了对其实施保护措
施的建议。
5. According to the passage， what may happen to coral reefs when
waters become warm？
A. Floating away. B. Changing forms.
C. Turning white. D. Becoming acidic.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的When waters become
unusually warm， algae float away， leaving reefs a ghostly white.可
知，当海水变暖之后，珊瑚会变成白色。
6. According to Paragraph 4， the governments should .
A. ban people from fishing in the coral reef areas
B. reduce the number of visitors to the marine parks
C. call on volunteers to look after the marine reserves
D. carry out stricter rules on industries around the coast
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Governments need
to ...enforcing rules against overfishing.可知，政府应该对沿海地区
的工业实行更严格的规定。
7. Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage？
A. Corals have experienced death and revival for five times.
B. Reefs play an important part in protecting the fish diversity.
C. Coral systems suffer from agriculture， tourism and fishing.
D. The growth of coral has nothing to do with the condition.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Reefs take up only a
per cent of the sea floor， but support a quarter of the planet’s
fish diversity.可知，珊瑚礁对于鱼类的多样性的保护方面有着
重要的作用。
8. What’s the main purpose of the passage？
A. To attach more importance to coral reefs’ protection.
B. To present the significance of coral reefs to the world.
C. To expose the influence of climate change on coral reefs.
D. To appeal to governments for quick action to save coral reefs.
解析： 写作目的题。文章第一段最后一句引出本文的话题，接
着描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境、它对人类的帮助、针对政府及人
类对其实施保护措施的建议。由此推知，文章的主要目的是提高人
们对珊瑚礁的保护意识。
C
Five months ago， a new species of box jellyfish was discovered in
Hong Kong. It is a relative of the deadly Australian box jellyfish， one of
the most venomous （有毒的） animals on Earth. One sting （刺伤）
from it can kill a person in minutes.
A university team in Hong Kong， led by Qiu Jianwen from the Hong
Kong Baptist University， discovered it at the Mai Po Nature Reserve， a
local wetland area. It was the first discovery of a new box jellyfish species
in Chinese waters.
But it’s not the first time biology professor Qiu has discovered a
new creature. He’s made more than 30 discoveries in about 20 years
spent exploring new marine animals.
Qiu doesn’t go looking for new species on purpose. In 2014， he
did research on the health of coral in Hong Kong waters. To learn more，
Qiu and his team needed to find all of the coral species involved. And in
doing so， they discovered four new coral species.
Finding new species reminds Qiu of how biologically diverse Hong
Kong’s waters are. Hong Kong takes up just 0.03 per cent of China’s
total marine area， yet it is home to more than 25 per cent of all marine
species recorded in China， a report by the University of Hong Kong
showed.
However， Hong Kong’s marine animals face threats， due to
factors including habitat loss， climate change and overuse of natural
resources.
Although action is being taken， it focuses more on bigger
creatures， like dolphins and birds. “Many marine species are small and
they are often overlooked. If these species were to become extinct， few
people would notice or care. But for me， each one has its rightful
place，” said Qiu.
He hopes everyone can recognize the importance of the ocean.
“When more people show concern for the ocean， we are， in fact，
acting for our own benefit，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种箱型水母新品种被
发现的过程并呼吁人们认识到保护海洋的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种箱型水母新品种被
发现的过程并呼吁人们认识到保护海洋的重要性。
9. Where was the new species of box jellyfish found？
A. In a university lab of HK.
B. In the ocean of Australia.
C. In a nature reserve of HK.
D. In a wetland of Australia.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的A university team in Hong
Kong， led by Qiu Jianwen from the Hong Kong Baptist University，
discovered it at the Mai Po Nature Reserve， a local wetland area.可
知，这种箱型水母新品种在香港一个自然保护区内被发现。
10. What was Qiu’s task in 2014？
A. To find new species of coral for the study.
B. To study the health condition of coral.
C. To study the living environment of coral.
D. To find all coral species in the world.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的In 2014， he did research
on the health of coral in Hong Kong waters.可知，他在2014年的任
务是研究香港水域珊瑚的健康状况。
11. What can we know about the marine animals in HK？
A. All of them are dying out.
B. No action is being taken to protect them.
C. Habitat loss is the biggest threat to them.
D. They’re in danger.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，香港的海洋
生物面临威胁。
12. What can be inferred according to the last two paragraphs？
A. Small marine species aren’t protected as they deserve.
B. Bigger creatures like dolphins and birds should be better protected.
C. People are now taking action to better protect small marine species.
D. More and more people are aware of the extinction of small marine
species.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Many marine species
are small and they are often overlooked.可知，小型海洋物种没有得
到应有的保护。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In the animal kingdom， parents adopt babies that aren’t their
own， and that are even other species. Why do they do it？
For foster （收养的） parents， there are vast costs， with no
promise of passing on biological genes. 13 ， because it seems to be
wholly altruistic （利他的）. But this makes it especially confusing in
inhabitants， who do not have the cultural influences we do.
One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom
is Ano Nuevo Island， rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the
rocky California coast. 14 .
From 1976， scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the
seals and why it was happening. It’s a crowed beach， with high tides
and rough surf， which explains why many little seals each year are
separated from their mothers at least once， some permanently.
The researchers counted a total of 572 adopted little seals over the
course. Interestingly， some adult seals were likely than others to become
foster parents. For one thing， all the foster parents were female. 15 .
Yet among females， the most common foster seal was a mother who had
lost her own child. Why could this be？ One possible reason is that
adoption helped these females reproduce later on.
Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation （排
卵）. 16 .
Another possibility is that mothers are prepared to care for their
children immediately following birth. 17 ， the motivation for care
may be so great that they redirect their attention to other unrelated little
animals.
A. Considering the absence of their own young
B. Scientists have long been interested in adoption
C. Once a year， it is home to hundreds of northern elephant seals to give
birth
D. Because those poor little seals can meet the seals of their own size in
the foster family
E. That’s unsurprising， for what drives these poor little seals to seek
out care is the need to nurse
F. In turn it could make a female more likely to give birth to her own child
the following season
G. Only in this way can the species go on keeping its unity and power to
fight against the danger
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然界动物王国中的父
母会收养不是由自己生产的幼崽，甚至是其他物种的幼崽，同时分
析了这种现象可能的原因。
13. B 根据下文because it seems to be wholly altruistic可知，空处是空
后说的这种原因带来的结果。B项（科学家们一直对收养感兴趣）与`
下文意思连贯，符合语境。
14. C 根据上文可知，该岛是研究动物收养的最佳地点之一。C项
（每年栖息在这里的数百只北象海豹在这里生产）符合语境，交代了
上文提到的该岛是最佳地点之一的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然界动物王国中的父
母会收养不是由自己生产的幼崽，甚至是其他物种的幼崽，同时分
析了这种现象可能的原因。
15. E 根据上一句可知，收养小海豹的都是雌性海豹。E项（那并不
奇怪，因为驱使这些可怜的小海豹寻求护理的原因是它们需要被喂
奶）符合语境，解释了收养小海豹的都是雌性海豹这种现象的原因，
失去父母的幼小海豹会主动寻找雌性海豹寻求哺育。
16. F 根据上一句可知，此处提到失去孩子的雌性海豹喂养别的小海
豹的一个好处。F项（相应地，这会使雌性海豹更有可能在下一个季
节生下自己的孩子）与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。F项中的it指代
ovulation，排卵使它们更有可能再次生下自己的孩子。
17. A 该空后句首字母没大写，和后面部分为同一个句子。A项是一
个介词短语，是空后部分的原因状语，与空后部分能组成一个完整的
句子，语意完整、通顺，指的是雌性海豹自己的孩子找不到了，照顾
孩子的动机驱使自己去哺育别的孩子。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是星光中学的学生李华，你将代表学校参加主题为Actions
for Greener Earth的英语演讲比赛。请你撰写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 目前我们生存的地球所面临的环境问题，比如野生动物的栖息
地骤减等；
2. 人们为绿色地球可以采取的行动：为野生动植物建立自然保护
区、倡导绿色出行等。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Ladies and gentlemen，
Good afternoon！ I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.
The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”.
Thank you！
参考范文：
Ladies and gentlemen，
Good afternoon！ I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The
topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”.
There are still many problems of environment pollution. For
example， the habitat of wild animals is on the decrease， causing the
extinction of rare species. Therefore， we should join in the actions for
greener Earth.
First of all， we’d better raise people’s awareness of
environmental protection. For instance，a substantial number of nature
reserves can be set up for the conservation of wildlife. What’s more， I
regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and beautiful.
Finally， on behalf of students in our school， I call on people to
save the limited natural resources， which we rely on for living.
Thank you！
谢谢观看！
