Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.My grandfather is used to taking out the （垃圾） when he goes out after supper.
2.That boy is a （新来者） to our village， so he can’t understand our dialect.
3.Talent，hard work and a strong will are all （关键性的） to career success.
4.Disneyland is in the Los Angeles （郊区）.If you want to go there， renting a car is a nice idea.
5.Whoever commits a （罪行） should be punished by law.
6.It is generally considered that the medical service in u areas is better than that in rural areas.
7.Penglai City is a s city， located in the north-east of Shandong Province.
8.It is e that the flood has caused about one million people to leave their houses.
9.While my friend， George， was reading in the bedroom， two t climbed into his kitchen.
维度二：词形转换
1.I don’t want to share a room with Tony because he is a （greed） and selfish guy.
2.He specialized in （crime） law when at university.
3.Put a small amount of the powder into a （contain） and mix it with water.
4.In fact， the first group was absolutely correct in their （estimate） of this man’s height.
5.The course is aimed at developing the children’s （appreciate） of music performances.
6.The company’s success this year would not have been possible without the （commit） and dedication of the staff.
7.For one-third of the world’s birds， （migrate） is an instinct caused by seasonal changes in weather and lack of food.
8.Some animals can adapt to the urban and （suburb） environment quite well.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Because of the shortage of funds， we （除推迟项目外别无选择）.
2.Only after all the preparation have been made （我们才将开始会议）.
3.In that country， the cured cases of this disease （达到） more than ten thousand last year.
4.I wondered how I would （适应） my teenage friends.
5.The old couple treat me very well （好像我是他们的家庭成员一样）.
6. （不管大家如何努力说服他）， he just wouldn’t listen.
维度四：课文语法填空
People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals’ mass urban 1. （migrate）.Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible 2. pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.With nowhere else to make their homes， they have no choice but 3. （move） in with us.
As our cities become greener， they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals 4. （look） for new habitats.One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” 5. （be） their ability to adapt.There is evidence 6. urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins， as they 7. （frequent） have to figure out difficult problems that they would not have in the wild.
For those animals that don’t adapt， the city can be a 8. （danger） or even deadly place.Between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Some species 9. （affect） more seriously than others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
However they adapt to our ways of urban living， 10. is important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A new study warns that more than a fifth of all reptile （爬行动物） species are threatened with extinction， which may have a bad impact on the planet.
The largest ever analysis of the state of the world’s reptiles， published in Nature， has showed that 21% of the reptile species are facing extinction. The study says from lizards to snakes， such a loss could have disastrous impacts on ecosystems around the world.
Although many reptiles live in dry environments such as deserts， most species occur in forests， where they suffer from threats such as logging of land for agriculture.30% of the forest-dwelling reptiles are at risk of extinction， compared with 14% in dry habitats. Hunting is also a major threat to reptiles， especially turtles and crocodiles， many of which are at risk of extinction. Another major contributing factor is the introduction of invasive species.
“If we removed reptiles， it could change ecosystems fundamentally， with unfortunate knock-on effects， such as increases in pest insects，” said Neil Cox， co-leader of the study. “Biodiversity， including reptiles， supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy environment for people.”
Our hope is that this first-ever assessment of the world’s 10，000-plus reptiles helps put them in the spotlight and goes some way to highlighting this diversity， and just how much we have to lose. As well as controlling rats， mosquitoes and other pests， reptiles deliver many other benefits. “They help spread seeds， especially in island environments，” said researcher Hoffmann. “We’ve also achieved many medical advances from studies of reptiles.”
The results of the study are not all doom and gloom. Scientists have found， surprisingly， that if they set out to protect places where threatened birds， mammals and amphibians （两栖动物） live together， they’ll meanwhile protect many more threatened reptiles.
1.Which is the main concern raised by the new study？
A.The overpopulation of reptiles.
B.The loss of reptiles.
C.The sharp increase in reptile species.
D.The disastrous influence of reptiles on nature.
2.How many factors causing the extinction of species are mentioned in Paragraph 3？
A.One. B.Two.
C.Three. D.Four.
3.What did Neil Cox and Hoffmann both say about reptiles？
A.Their benefits. B.Their habitats.
C.Their living habits. D.Their health problems.
4.What does the underlined phrase “doom and gloom” in the last paragraph mean？
A.Disappointing. B.Odd.
C.Satisfactory. D.Amazing.
B
Johannes Fritz， an Austrian biologist， needed to come up with a plan again if he was going to prevent his rare and beloved birds from going extinct.
To survive the European winter， the northern bald ibis needs to migrate south for the winter over the Alps. But shifting climate patterns have delayed when the birds begin to migrate and they are now reaching the mountains too late to make it over the peaks， locking them in an icy death trap. Determined to save them， he decided to teach the birds a new， safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He was confident that he could succeed in this daring， unconventional plan.
Some 400 years ago， the Europeans hunted these birds without stopping and devoured the last in the wild， causing the birds to disappear entirely from the wild. When Mr Fritz was born 56 years ago， the northern bald ibis could be found in Europe only in captivity （圈养）.
Mr Fritz has spent his career reintroducing the birds into the wild. Through years of trial and error， he learned to fly like a bird. He modified （改装） a lightweight aircraft so it would fly at speeds slow enough for the birds to keep up. In 2004， he led the first flock from Austria to Italy， and has since led more migrations. But the route he originally taught the ibises does not work successfully. With climate change warming the area where the birds summer， they now start their migration at the end of October instead of the end of September. The trip is expected to take about six weeks， “Still， we’re optimistic that it’ll work，” said Mr Fritz.
His family and colleagues witnessed the risks he was taking. “But the unavoidable risks are necessary，” Mr Fritz said. “It’s not so much a job， but my life’s purpose.”
5.What was Johannes Fritz’s plan？
A.To shorten bald ibises’ migration route.
B.To lead bald ibises to migrate on a new route.
C.To better the climate patterns for bald ibises.
D.To find out a safer destination for bald ibises.
6.What does the underlined word “devoured” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Destroyed. B.Abused.
C.Released. D.Raised.
7.Why was Mr Fritz’s initial route for the birds ineffective？
A.Owing to the long time it consumes.
B.For the slow speed of his modified aircraft.
C.Because of the toughness along the first route.
D.Due to higher temperatures in the summer habitat.
8.Which of the following can best describe Mr Fritz？
A.Honest. B.Innovative.
C.Straightforward. D.Demanding.
C
The song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012， Joel Sartore， the founder of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark received a call from the US Fish and Wildlife Service： The songbird， an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grassland， was on the edge of extinction. With only a few dozen males showing up in counts， it was among North America’s most endangered bird species.
Sartore flew to Florida to photograph the bird and work with conservationists to raise awareness of the species’ difficult situation. The story appeared in outlets， such as newspapers， magazines and even the Internet， helping boost government funding for a breeding program. Thanks to these steps， there are now as many as 180 adults in the wild and researchers are working hard to bring the species back from the brink of extinction.
Like other examples of species survival， the push to save the sparrow is “a remarkable story of belief and cooperation”， says Sartore. It also shows what it takes to protect an endangered species： research， narratives， partnerships， resources and time. This journey shows the society’s mission to illustrate and protect the wonder of the world. Over the past 136 years， we’ve developed a unique Explorer-led model， combining science， exploration， education， and storytelling to drive impact. We support Explorer in more than 140 countries， including Sartore and others whose work appears in this issue： biologist André Green Ⅱ， photographer Lynsey Addario and education advocate Ara Kusuma.
Sartore has been creating an “ark” of animal photos for 17 years. Portraits of more than 15，000 species invite audiences to connect and care. With the society’s support， the images have appeared on landmarks and US postage stamps， prompting on-the-ground conservation efforts such as an initiative of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark.
As Sartore says， “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a healthy planet. When we save a bird or another species， we’re actually saving ourselves.”
9.How does the author introduce the topic？
A.By clarifying a concept. B.By offering an example.
C.By giving an explanation. D.By quoting a remark.
10.Which has the similar meaning with “outlets” in Paragraph 2？
A.Stores. B.Media.
C.Exits. D.Books.
11.What contributes to the sparrow’s survival？
A.A funding program from the government.
B.An ark of animal photos in the magazine.
C.A unique initiative for species protection.
D.A joint effort from different professionals.
12.What does Sartore want to convey in the last paragraph？
A.The urgency of species’ protection. B.The promotion of cooperative methods.
C.The importance of coexistence. D.The situation of human survival.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Practising General Water Safety
A day at the pool or the beach can be a very relaxing activity. However， if you see someone drowning， that can transform your day into a scary experience. 13
Strengthen your swimming skills.
14 If you do not know what you are doing， it is possible you could make the situation worse， despite your best intentions. If you are going to be near water， or plan to be， it’s a great idea to take an advanced swimming course.
Practice caution.
Accidents happen， and it is certainly not possible to ensure that drowning incidents don’t occur. 15 Make sure that when you are near water you have flotation （漂浮） device with you. If possible， take a cellphone with you to the pool beach so that you can call for help if necessary.
Swim in designated areas.
It is always best to swim with a lifeguard on duty. This is important for everyone， even strong swimmers. If you are going to be swimming in a pool， look for one with a regular lifeguard. 16 For example， do not go in a lake if it is especially windy and the waves are strong. You should avoid going in the ocean when the tides （潮汐） are very strong. Many beaches post signs or flags advising you of conditions. Do not swim if a warning is posted.
17
While anyone can drown， children are especially susceptible （易受伤害的）. If you have kids， make sure that you teach them to act responsibly around water. Have a set of rules for family swims， and make sure that your children understand them.
A.Teach children the rules.
B.Try to remember the safety rules.
C.Bring a safety tool along with you and your children.
D.However， there are many steps you can take to reduce the possibility.
E.Do not go in natural bodies of water if the conditions are unfavourable.
F.By practising water safety rules， you can keep both you and those around you safe.
G.It is important to remember that only super competent swimmers should attempt rescues.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.garbage 2.newcomer 3.crucial 4.suburb 5.crime
6.urban 7.seaside 8.estimated 9.thieves
维度二
1.greedy 2.criminal 3.container 4.estimation
5.appreciation 6.commitment 7.migration 8.suburban
维度三
1.have no choice but to put off the project 2.will we start the meeting 3.amounted to 4.fit in with 5.as if I were their family member 6.However/No matter how hard everyone tried to persuade him
维度四
1.migration 2.for 3.to move 4.looking 5.is 6.that
7.frequently 8.dangerous 9.are affected 10.it
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究警告说，超过五分之一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁，这可能对地球产生不良影响。文章介绍了导致爬行动物灭绝的因素以及爬行动物的益处。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这项新研究提出的主要担忧是爬行类动物的消失。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，导致物种灭绝的因素有三个。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Biodiversity， including reptiles， supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy environment for people.以及倒数第二段中的They help spread seeds， especially in island environments可知，尼尔·考克斯和霍夫曼都提到了爬行动物的益处。
4.A 词义猜测题。画线词下文提到了更多受威胁的爬行动物会受到保护，说明这项研究的结果并不都是令人失望的。故画线词意思是“令人失望的”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥地利生物学家约翰内斯·弗里茨为了防止他心爱的稀有鸟类灭绝，决定教它们一条新的迁徙路线。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Determined to save them， he decided to teach the birds a new， safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft.可知，约翰内斯·弗里茨的计划是带领秃鹰沿着一条新的路线迁徙。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，欧洲人不停地猎杀这些鸟，导致鸟类完全从野外消失。故画线词与Destroyed（毁灭，破坏）意义相近。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的But the route he originally taught the ibises does not ...at the end of October instead of the end of September.可推知，弗里茨先生最初寻找的路线是无效的，因为夏季栖息地的温度更高。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第二段和第四段内容可知，弗里茨先生是有创新想法的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在各方人士的共同努力下拯救美国鸟类的事情，强调了人与鸟类共存的重要性。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，这里利用具体的例子来说明北美鸟类的濒危情况。
10.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的such as newspapers， magazines and even the Internet， helping boost government funding for a breeding program可知，这里的outlet包括报纸、杂志甚至互联网等媒体，所以outlet的意思和B项（媒体）意思一致。
11.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，拯救麻雀是各领域专业人士共同努力的结果。
12.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的When we save a bird or another species， we’re actually saving ourselves.可知，Sartore认为，鸟类和人类息息相关，强调了人与鸟类共存的重要性。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水上安全的一些规则。
13.F 空前一句提到溺水事故，根据下文列举的几个水上安全规则可知，F项（通过实践水上安全规则，你可以保证你和你周围的人的安全）符合语境，提出学习水上安全规则的好处。
14.G 根据段落小标题Strengthen your swimming skills.以及空后一句可知，想要救援，首先需要加强游泳技能。G项（重要的是要记住，只有超级有能力的游泳者才应该尝试救援）符合语境。
15.D 根据空前一句可知，不可能确保不发生溺水事件；根据空后一句可知，虽然没法确保溺水事件不发生，但是我们可以采取措施减少其发生的可能性。D项（然而，你可以采取很多措施来减少这种可能性）符合语境。
16.E 根据段落小标题Swim in designated areas.以及下文举例可知，要在指定区域游泳。E项（如果条件不利，不要进入天然水体）符合语境。
17.A 根据下文Have a set of rules for family swims， and make sure that your children understand them.可知，本段主要介绍要让孩子理解家庭游泳的规则。A项（教孩子规则）适合作本段小标题。
4 / 5Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Wild Within
The crime① took place② in a seaside③ suburb④ of Cape Town.[1]Spotting⑤ the car with its window left open， the greedy⑥ thief⑦ didn’t hesitate.Within seconds⑧， he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping.[2]No matter how many crimes he committed⑨， the police were powerless to arrest him.You see， this was no ordinary criminal⑩：it was a chacma baboon .Once almost unheard of， scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world.With foxes in London， mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong， it is almost [3]as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
[1]动词-ing短语作时间状语。
[2]“No matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句。
[3]as if引导表语从句，as if意为“似乎，好像”。
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration .Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.[4]However true this is， we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all — [5]it’s we humans who have moved into their territory .[6]Wherever they go， animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to make their homes， they have no choice but to move in with us.
[4]However引导让步状语从句。
[5]本句为强调句，强调主语we humans。
[6]Wherever引导让步状语从句。
Yet， for its newest and wildest inhabitants， a city can offer many benefits.[7]As our cities become greener， they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals [8]looking for new habitats.Out of reach from many of their natural predators ， these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives.Today， foxes can be seen all over London — one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction ！ What’s more， hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers [9]we throw away .
[7]As引导时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。
[8]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals。
[9]we throw away为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词leftovers。
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.There is evidence [10]that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins， [11]as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.Although naturally active at night， urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough.Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage ， such as hamburgers， lamb kebabs and even garlic bread！
[10]that引导同位语从句，作名词evidence的同位语。
[11]as引导原因状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词other containers。
For those animals [12]that don’t adapt， the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place.Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass， birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour.Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Shockingly， these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population.Some species are more affected than others.One theory behind this is [13]that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
[12]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词those animals。
[13]第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词routes。
[14]However they adapt to our ways of urban living， [15]it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.[16]Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. [17]Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities， one thing is for sure — as it’s often a means of their survival， they could be with us to stay.
[14]However引导让步状语从句。
[15]it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
[16]本句为“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。
[17]Whatever引导让步状语从句。
【读文清障】
①crime n.罪，罪行
②take place 发生；举行
③seaside adj.海滨的
④suburb n.郊区，城郊
⑤spot v.注意到；发现
⑥greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的
⑦thief n.小偷，贼
⑧within seconds几秒钟之内
⑨commit v.犯（错误或罪行）
⑩criminal n.罪犯
chacma baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒
fox n.狐狸
take over占领；接管
urban adj.城镇的，城市的
migration n.迁徙
assume v.假定，假设；认为
be responsible for ... 是造成……的原因；为……负责
territory n.地盘；领地
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事
appealing adj.有吸引力的
look for寻找
predator n.掠食动物，捕食性动物
newcomer n.新来者
flourish v.生长茂盛，兴盛
under construction 在建设中
leftover n.吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭；遗留物，残存物
throw away扔掉
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
racoon n.浣熊
figure out理解，弄清楚
container n.容器
fit in with 适应；与……一致
on offer 提供的，供使用的；待售的
garbage n.垃圾
lamb n.羔羊肉
kebab n.烤（肉）串
garlic n.（大）蒜
deadly adj.致命的
distinguish v.区分，辨别
crash into撞上
at speeds of以……的速度
estimate v.估计，估算
die from死于
amount to 达到，总计
migratory adj.迁徙的
appreciate v.欣赏；赏识
for sure肯定地；无疑地
a means of 一种……的方式
【参考译文】
城中的野生动物
在开普敦的一个海滨郊区发生了一起犯罪活动。贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。几秒之间，他把手伸进车窗，抓出一袋东西逃之夭夭。不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。要知道，这可不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在开普敦发生的这种事几乎闻所未闻，但现在这种事在世界各地都时有发生。伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，我们的城市就像是被野生动物给占领了。
人们总想知道这种大规模城市迁徙背后的原因。我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是造成这些动物离开其自然栖息地的原因。无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬到了它们的领地里。动物不论走到哪里，都发现有城镇拦路。既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起住。
不过，城市可以给这些最新的也是最野生的居民许多好处。随着我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃发展。现在，伦敦随处都可以见到狐狸——有一只甚至生活在当时在建的夏德大厦72楼！而且，饥饿的动物们从我们的花园里和我们扔掉的垃圾中找寻到大量的食物。
对这些越来越多的“城市动物”来说，适应能力是关键。有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。尽管狐狸天生昼伏夜出，但如果回报足够丰厚，城市里的狐狸会在白天出来。城市的位置也意味着它们可以吃到来自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如汉堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包！
对无法适应环境的动物来说，城市是个危险甚至致命的地方。无法分辨蓝天和玻璃的鸟类会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。令人震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占全美鸟类总量的10%。有些种类的鸟受此影响更大。一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有一件事是肯定的——既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可以留下来和我们一起生活。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why does the author talk about the “theft” in Cape Town in Paragraph 1？
A.To introduce the topic of the text.
B.To show us how animals live in the city.
C.To give us some dangerous warnings.
D.To call on us to take care of wild animals.
2.What’s the third paragraph mainly about？
A.Animals’ flourishing in cities.
B.Benefits of cities for wild animals.
C.A great amount of food wasted by humans.
D.The relationship between animals and humans.
3.What does the author mean by saying “urban foxes come out in daylight”？
A.They have no choice but to do so.
B.They are no longer afraid of humans.
C.They are more intelligent than wild foxes.
D.They have changed their living habits.
4.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A.To call on us not to build too tall buildings in the urban areas.
B.To encourage us to have a better understanding of our wild neighbours.
C.To advise us to better protect our wild neighbours in cities.
D.To show us the sad stories of wild animals in cities.
5.What’s the structure of the passage？
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Should we restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals？Why？
2.How can we help the wildlife in our neighbourhood？
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the parallelism （排比） sentences in the first paragraph.
2.Read the passage carefully and find examples to show the comparison （对比）.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
句式分析 that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins 为that引导的 从句，对evidence的具体内容进行解释说明；as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers为as引导的 从句；which they would not find in the wild为which引导的 从句，修饰先行词containers。
自主翻译
2.One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
句式分析 第一个that引导 从句；第二个that引导 从句，修饰先行词routes。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
spot v.发现；认出；弄脏 n.地点；场所；斑点；污点
【教材原句】 Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy thief didn’t hesitate.
贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。
【用法】
（1）on the spot 立即；在现场
put sb on the spot （故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题）使某人难堪
（2）spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with 满是……斑点；点缀着……
（3）spotted adj. 有斑点的
【佳句】 Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works be on display，but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.
不仅将展出各种剪纸作品，工匠们还将现场向参观者展示如何将纸剪成各种形状。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①The floor was spotted with paint，which made him embarrassed.
②Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove.
③The policeman on duty caught the thief the spot.
④On the bus， I spotted a man （steal） a wallet from a lady’s shoulder bag.
【写美】 翻译句子
⑤此外，长江沿岸的风景也令人惊叹，有许多著名的观光景点。
greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的
【教材原句】 Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy thief didn’t hesitate.
贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。
【用法】
（1）be greedy for ... 对……贪婪/渴望
be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）greed n. 贪心，贪婪，贪欲
greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地；贪食地
【佳句】 Out of the hospital， he took off his mask and breathed the fresh air greedily.
走出医院，他摘下口罩，贪婪地呼吸着新鲜空气。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He was so greedy power and money that he committed crimes.
【写美】 补全句子
②得知你渴望尽快适应新的环境，我写信给你提供一些建议。（建议信）
Learning that you ，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.
commit v.犯（错误或罪行）；自杀；承诺，保证；忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）；花（钱或时间）
【教材原句】 No matter how many crimes he committed， the police were powerless to arrest him. 不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。
【用法】
（1）commit an error/a crime/suicide做错事/犯罪/自杀
commit oneself to （doing） sth专心致志于（做）某事；承诺/保证（做）某事
（2）commitment n.投入，花费；承诺，许诺，保证；（对工作或某活动的）献身，奉献
make a commitment to sb/sth对某人/事作出承诺
（3）committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
be committed to （doing） sth全身心地投入（做）某事，致力于（做）某事
【佳句】 Smoking not only harms others’ health， but is also committing suicide slowly.
吸烟不仅损害他人健康，还等于慢性自杀。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The President is committed to （reform） health care.
②The company is making a long-term （commit） to breaking into the American market.
③I have committed myself the job for at least the coming year.
④He was a strongly （commit） comrade of the party.
【写美】 一句多译
⑤现在是我们应该致力于学习英语的时候了。
→It’s high time that we English.
→It’s high time that we English.
fit in with 适应；符合；与……一致
【教材原句】 Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.
为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。
【用法】
（1）fit v. （对某人）合身；符合；使胜任
adj. 健康的；合适的
fit sb/sth 适合某人/某物
fit in 相适应；相融合
be fit for 适合
keep fit 保持健康
（2）fitness n. 健康；适合
【佳句】 I want to know whether my son can fit in with his companions.
我想知道我儿子能否与他的同伴们相处融洽。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s a pity that neither you nor I am fit the work.
②We are supposed to work out regularly （keep） fit.
③She was never interested in （fit） before but now she’s been bitten by the bug.
【写美】 补全句子
④听说你很难适应你的新学校，我很难过。
I am sorry to hear that it is difficult for you .
estimate v.估计，估算 n.（对数量、成本等的）估计；估价
【教材原句】 Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.
近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。
【用法】
（1）estimate ...at ... 估算/估计……为……
be estimate to be/have 估计有……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
（2）estimation n.（对水平、数量等的）估计；评价
【佳句】 Windy though it was that day， we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be 700 years.
尽管那天风很大，我们还是到达了这座估计有700年历史的城堡。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The firm estimated the cost of the new house 100，000.
②According to rough （estimate）， the beautiful vase is worth over a million yuan.
【写美】 补全句子
③据估计，英语中80%的谈话都是闲话。（语言学习）
80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
appreciate v.欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢
【教材原句】 However they adapt to our ways of urban living， it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。
【用法】
（1）appreciate sth/sb 欣赏/赏识某物/某人
appreciate （sb） doing sth 感激（某人）做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激
（2）appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
（3）appreciative adj. 欣赏的；感激的
【佳句】 I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.
如果您能同意我的请求，我将不胜感激。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I appreciate （give） the opportunity to work in the company.
②Please accept this gift in （appreciate）of all you’ve done for us.
【写美】 补全句子
③如果您能在方便的时候就如何解决这个问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。（求助信）
you could give me some tips on how to solve the problem at your convenience.
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
【教材原句】 One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt. “城市动物”数量不断增加的一个关键因素是它们的适应能力。
【用法】
（1）a crucial factor/decision 关键性的因素/决定
at the crucial moment 在紧要关头
（2）be crucial to 对……至关重要
be of crucial importance 至关重要
play a crucial role in 在……中起重要作用
It is crucial that ... ……是至关重要的
【佳句】 The city of Mycenae played a crucial role in the history of Greece.
迈锡尼城在希腊历史上起着非常重要的作用。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This focus is crucial our coming to any breakthrough thinking.
②The conservation of tropical forests is crucial importance.
【写美】 补全句子
③我们应该采取紧急措施保护海洋免受进一步的破坏，这是至关重要的。
to protect oceans from being further destroyed.
restrict v.限制，控制；约束
【教材原句】 Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals.
一些环保主义者认为，我们应该限制城市发展，为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。
【用法】
（1）restrict sb to （doing） sth 约束某人（做）某事
restrict ...to ... 把……限制/控制/在……
（2）restricted adj. 有限的，受限制的；受控制的，受约束的
be restricted to 限制（在某范围）
（3）restriction n. 限制；约束
【佳句】 The cramped living conditions severely restricted the children’s freedom to play.
拥挤的居住条件严重限制了孩子们玩耍的自由。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s crucial that access to the club should be restricted members only.
②In the meantime，this licence allows you to travel anywhere without （restrict）.
③I restrict myself to （drink） one cup of coffee a day.
【写美】 补全句子
④我们最好限制屏幕时间每次在一个小时之内，然后我们可以在室内锻炼。
We’d better and then we can take exercise indoors.
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句
【教材原句】 Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。
【用法】
（1）“only＋状语（副词/介词短语）”置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
（2）“only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
【品悟】 Only after I had read the sentence a second time did I make sense of it.
我把这句话读了两遍后才理解了它的含义。
【点津】 “only＋主语”置于句首时，句子不倒装。
Only a minority of children seemed to have understood it after the lecture.
讲座结束后，似乎只有少数孩子听懂了。
【写美】 微写作
①直到莉莉走进办公室，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.
②只有老师才被允许使用这个房间。
Only to use the room.
③只有遵循以上建议，你的情况才能得到改善。
Only by following the above suggestions .
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.taking 2.urban development 3.climate change
4.humans 5.provide 6.adapt to 7.crashing 8.learn
第二步
1－5 ABDBB
第三步
1.No，we shouldn’t.People need to advance and we should try to keep the balance between urban development and wildlife protection.
2.Building animal rescue centers，providing food and shelters for animals and so on.
第四步
1.With foxes in London，mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong， it is almost as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
2.（1）Today，foxes can be seen all over London — one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction！
（2）There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
第五步
1.同位语 原因状语 定语
有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。
2.表语 定语
一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①v.弄脏 ②n.斑点；污点 ③on ④stealing
⑤Moreover， the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing， with many well-known sightseeing spots.
2.①for ②are greedy to adapt to new surroundings as soon as possible
3.①reforming ②commitment ③to ④committed
⑤should commit ourselves to studying； should be committed to studying
4.①for ②to keep ③fitness ④to fit in with your new school
5.①at ②estimation ③It is estimated that
6.①being given ②appreciation ③I would appreciate it if
7.①to ②of ③It is crucial that we （should） take urgent measures
8.①to ②restriction ③drinking ④restrict screen time to one hour at a time
重点句型解构
①did she realise ②the teachers are allowed ③can you get your situation improved
11 / 11(共114张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Wild Within
The crime① took place② in a seaside③ suburb④ of Cape
Town.[1]Spotting⑤ the car with its window left open， the greedy⑥ thief
⑦ didn’t hesitate.Within seconds⑧， he had reached inside and run away
with a bag of shopping.[2]No matter how many crimes he committed⑨，
the police were powerless to arrest him.You see， this was no ordinary
criminal⑩：it was a chacma baboon .Once almost unheard of， scenes
like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world.
With foxes in London， mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong， it is almost [3]as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
[1]动词-ing短语作时间状语。
[2]“No matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句。
[3]as if引导表语从句，as if意为“似乎，好像”。
【读文清障】
①crime n.罪，罪行
②take place 发生；举行
③seaside adj.海滨的
④suburb n.郊区，城郊
⑤spot v.注意到；发现
⑥greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的
⑦thief n.小偷，贼
⑧within seconds 几秒钟之内
⑨commit v.犯（错误或罪行）
⑩criminal n.罪犯
chacma baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒
fox n.狐狸
take over占领；接管
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban
migration .Most of us would assume that urban development and
climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their
natural habitats.[4]However true this is， we also need to consider that
some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all —
[5]it’s we humans who have moved into their territory .[6]Wherever
they go， animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to
make their homes， they have no choice but to move in with us.
[4]However引导让步状语从句。
[5]本句为强调句，强调主语we humans。
[6]Wherever引导让步状语从句。
urban adj.城镇的，城市的
migration n.迁徙
assume v.假定，假设；认为
be responsible for ... 是造成……的原因；为……负责
territory n.地盘；领地
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事
Yet， for its newest and wildest inhabitants， a city can offer many
benefits.[7]As our cities become greener， they offer increasingly
appealing spaces to animals [8]looking for new habitats.Out of reach
from many of their natural predators ， these newcomers often flourish
in their new city lives.Today， foxes can be seen all over London —
one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when
it was under construction ！ What’s more， hungry animals are finding
plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers [9]we throw away .
[7]As引导时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。
[8]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals。
[9]we throw away为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修
饰先行词leftovers。
appealing adj.有吸引力的
look for寻找
predator n.掠食动物，捕食性动物
newcomer n.新来者
flourish v.生长茂盛，兴盛
under construction 在建设中
leftover n.吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭；遗留物，残存物
throw away扔掉
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is
their ability to adapt.There is evidence [10]that urban racoons are more
intelligent than their wild cousins， [11]as they frequently have to figure
out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other
containers which they would not find in the wild.Some animals have
even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.Although
naturally active at night， urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is
good enough.Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for
the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage ， such as
hamburgers， lamb kebabs and even garlic bread！
[10]that引导同位语从句，作名词evidence的同位语。
[11]as引导原因状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词
other containers。
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
racoon n.浣熊
figure out理解，弄清楚
container n.容器
fit in with 适应；与……一致
on offer 提供的，供使用的；待售的
garbage n.垃圾
lamb n.羔羊肉
kebab n.烤（肉）串
garlic n.（大）蒜
For those animals [12]that don’t adapt， the city can be a
dangerous or even deadly place.Unable to distinguish between blue sky
and glass， birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres
per hour.Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion
birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Shockingly，
these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird
population.Some species are more affected than others.One theory behind
this is [13]that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that
take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
[12]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词those animals。
[13]第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰
先行词routes。
deadly adj.致命的
distinguish v.区分，辨别
crash into撞上
at speeds of以……的速度
estimate v.估计，估算
die from死于
amount to 达到，总计
migratory adj.迁徙的
[14]However they adapt to our ways of urban living， [15]it’s
important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate
our wild neighbours.[16]Only then can we look towards harmoniously
sharing our urban habitats. [17]Whatever the reasons behind these species
entering our cities， one thing is for sure — as it’s often a means of
their survival， they could be with us to stay.
[14]However引导让步状语从句。
[15]it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
[16]本句为“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。
[17]Whatever引导让步状语从句。
appreciate v.欣赏；赏识
for sure肯定地；无疑地
a means of 一种……的方式
【参考译文】
城中的野生动物
在开普敦的一个海滨郊区发生了一起犯罪活动。贪婪的窃贼在发
现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。几秒之间，他把手伸进车
窗，抓出一袋东西逃之夭夭。不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到
他。要知道，这可不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在开普
敦发生的这种事几乎闻所未闻，但现在这种事在世界各地都时有发
生。伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，我们
的城市就像是被野生动物给占领了。
人们总想知道这种大规模城市迁徙背后的原因。我们大多数人会
认为，城市发展和气候变化是造成这些动物离开其自然栖息地的原
因。无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”
中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬到了它们的领地里。
动物不论走到哪里，都发现有城镇拦路。既然没有别处可以安家，它
们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起住。
不过，城市可以给这些最新的也是最野生的居民许多好处。随着
我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。
由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃
发展。现在，伦敦随处都可以见到狐狸——有一只甚至生活在当时在
建的夏德大厦72楼！而且，饥饿的动物们从我们的花园里和我们扔掉
的垃圾中找寻到大量的食物。
对这些越来越多的“城市动物”来说，适应能力是关键。有证据
显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想
办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的
容器。为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。尽管狐狸天生
昼伏夜出，但如果回报足够丰厚，城市里的狐狸会在白天出来。城市
的位置也意味着它们可以吃到来自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如汉
堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包！
对无法适应环境的动物来说，城市是个危险甚至致命的地方。无
法分辨蓝天和玻璃的鸟类会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。近期研
究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。令人
震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占全美鸟类总量的10%。有些种类的鸟受
此影响更大。一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有
高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我
们的野生邻居是非常重要的。只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分
享城市栖息地的未来。无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有
一件事是肯定的——既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可
以留下来和我们一起生活。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Why does the author talk about the “theft” in Cape Town in
Paragraph 1？
A. To introduce the topic of the text.
B. To show us how animals live in the city.
C. To give us some dangerous warnings.
D. To call on us to take care of wild animals.
2. What’s the third paragraph mainly about？
A. Animals’ flourishing in cities.
B. Benefits of cities for wild animals.
C. A great amount of food wasted by humans.
D. The relationship between animals and humans.
3. What does the author mean by saying “urban foxes come out in
daylight”？
A. They have no choice but to do so.
B. They are no longer afraid of humans.
C. They are more intelligent than wild foxes.
D. They have changed their living habits.
4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A. To call on us not to build too tall buildings in the urban areas.
B. To encourage us to have a better understanding of our wild neighbours.
C. To advise us to better protect our wild neighbours in cities.
D. To show us the sad stories of wild animals in cities.
5. What’s the structure of the passage？
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Should we restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats
for wild animals？Why？
No，we shouldn’t.People need to advance and we should try to
keep the balance between urban development and wildlife protection.
2. How can we help the wildlife in our neighbourhood？
Building animal rescue centers，providing food and shelters for
animals and so on.
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the passage carefully and find the parallelism （排比） sentences
in the first paragraph.
With foxes in London，mountain lions in San Francisco and wild
pigs in Hong Kong， it is almost as if our cities are being taken over by
wild animals.
2. Read the passage carefully and find examples to show the comparison
（对比）.
（1）Today，foxes can be seen all over London — one even being
found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under
construction！
（2）There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than
their wild cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult
problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which
they would not find in the wild.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild
cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such
as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not
find in the wild.
句式分析 that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild
cousins 为that引导的 从句，对evidence的具体内容进行
解释说明；as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such
as how to open rubbish bins and other containers为as引导的
从句；which they would not find in the wild为which引导的
从句，修饰先行词containers。
自主翻译
同位语
原因状
语
定
语
有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪
明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其
他它们在野外不会见到的容器。
2. One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their
migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
句式分析 第一个that引导 从句；第二个that引导
从句，修饰先行词routes。
自主翻译
表语
定语
一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些
有高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
spot v.发现；认出；弄脏 n.地点；场所；斑点；污点
【教材原句】 Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy
thief didn’t hesitate.
贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。
【用法】
（1）on the spot 立即；在现场
put sb on the spot （故意提出难以回答或尴
尬的问题）使某人难堪
（2）spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with 满是……斑点；点缀着……
（3）spotted adj. 有斑点的
【佳句】 Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works be on display，
but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes
on the spot.
不仅将展出各种剪纸作品，工匠们还将现场向参观者展示如何将纸剪
成各种形状。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①The floor was spotted with paint，which made him embarrassed.
②Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove.
③The policeman on duty caught the thief the spot.
④On the bus， I spotted a man （steal） a wallet from a
lady’s shoulder bag.
v.弄脏
n.斑
点；污点
on
stealing
【写美】 翻译句子
⑤此外，长江沿岸的风景也令人惊叹，有许多著名的观光景点。
Moreover， the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing， with
many well-known sightseeing spots.
greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的
【教材原句】 Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy
thief didn’t hesitate.
贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。
【用法】
（1）be greedy for ... 对……贪婪/渴望
be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）greed n. 贪心，贪婪，贪欲
greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地；贪食地
【佳句】 Out of the hospital， he took off his mask and breathed the
fresh air greedily.
走出医院，他摘下口罩，贪婪地呼吸着新鲜空气。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He was so greedy power and money that he committed crimes.
for
【写美】 补全句子
②得知你渴望尽快适应新的环境，我写信给你提供一些建议。
（建议信）
Learning that you
，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.
are greedy to adapt to new surroundings as soon as
possible
commit v.犯（错误或罪行）；自杀；承诺，保证；忠于；全心全
意投入（工作、活动等）；花（钱或时间）
【教材原句】 No matter how many crimes he committed， the police
were powerless to arrest him.
不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。
【用法】
（1）commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀
commit oneself to （doing） sth 专心致志于（做）某事；承诺/保证
（做）某事
（2）commitment n.投入，花费；承诺，许诺，保证；（对工作或某
活动的）献身，奉献
make a commitment to sb/sth 对某人/事作出承诺
（3）committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
be committed to （doing） sth 全身心地投入（做）某事，致力于
（做）某事
【佳句】 Smoking not only harms others’ health， but is also
committing suicide slowly.
吸烟不仅损害他人健康，还等于慢性自杀。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The President is committed to （reform） health care.
②The company is making a long-term （commit） to
breaking into the American market.
③I have committed myself the job for at least the coming year.
④He was a strongly （commit） comrade of the party.
reforming
commitment
to
committed
【写美】 一句多译
⑤现在是我们应该致力于学习英语的时候了。
→It’s high time that we
English.
→It’s high time that we English.
should commit ourselves to studying
should be committed to studying
fit in with 适应；符合；与……一致
【教材原句】 Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit
in with their new homes.
为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。
【用法】
（1）fit v.（对某人）合身；符合；使胜任
adj. 健康的；合适的
fit sb/sth 适合某人/某物
fit in 相适应；相融合
be fit for 适合
keep fit 保持健康
（2）fitness n. 健康；适合
【佳句】 I want to know whether my son can fit in with his
companions.
我想知道我儿子能否与他的同伴们相处融洽。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s a pity that neither you nor I am fit the work.
②We are supposed to work out regularly （keep） fit.
③She was never interested in （fit） before but now she’s
been bitten by the bug.
for
to keep
fitness
【写美】 补全句子
④听说你很难适应你的新学校，我很难过。
I am sorry to hear that it is difficult for you
.
to fit in with your new
school
estimate v.估计，估算 n.（对数量、成本等的）估计；估价
【教材原句】 Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1
billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. 近期研
究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。
【用法】
（1）estimate ...at ... 估算/估计……为……
be estimate to be/have 估计有……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
（2）estimation n.（对水平、数量等的）估计；评价
【佳句】 Windy though it was that day， we arrived at the castle which
was estimated to be 700 years.
尽管那天风很大，我们还是到达了这座估计有700年历史的城堡。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The firm estimated the cost of the new house 100，000.
②According to rough （estimate）， the beautiful vase is
worth over a million yuan.
at
estimation
【写美】 补全句子
③据估计，英语中80%的谈话都是闲话。（语言学习）
80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
It is estimated that
appreciate v.欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢
【教材原句】 However they adapt to our ways of urban living， it’s
important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to
appreciate our wild neighbours.
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的
野生邻居是非常重要的。
【用法】
（1）appreciate sth/sb 欣赏/赏识某物/某人
appreciate （sb） doing sth 感激（某人）做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激
（2）appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
（3）appreciative adj. 欣赏的；感激的
【佳句】 I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.如果
您能同意我的请求，我将不胜感激。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I appreciate （give） the opportunity to work in the
company.
②Please accept this gift in （appreciate）of all you’ve
done for us.
being given
appreciation
【写美】 补全句子
③如果您能在方便的时候就如何解决这个问题给我一些建议，我将不
胜感激。（求助信）
you could give me some tips on how to solve
the problem at your convenience.
I would appreciate it if
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
【教材原句】 One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban
animals” is their ability to adapt.
“城市动物”数量不断增加的一个关键因素是它们的适应能力。
【用法】
（1）a crucial factor/decision 关键性的因素/决定
at the crucial moment 在紧要关头
（2）be crucial to 对……至关重要
be of crucial importance 至关重要
play a crucial role in 在……中起重要作用
It is crucial that ... ……是至关重要的
【佳句】 The city of Mycenae played a crucial role in the history of
Greece.
迈锡尼城在希腊历史上起着非常重要的作用。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This focus is crucial our coming to any breakthrough thinking.
②The conservation of tropical forests is crucial importance.
to
of
【写美】 补全句子
③我们应该采取紧急措施保护海洋免受进一步的破坏，这是至关
重要的。
to protect
oceans from being further destroyed.
It is crucial that we （should） take urgent measures
restrict v.限制，控制；约束
【教材原句】 Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict
urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. 一些
环保主义者认为，我们应该限制城市发展，为野生动物留下足够的自
然栖息地。
【用法】
（1）restrict sb to （doing） sth 约束某人（做）某事
restrict ...to ... 把……限制/控制在……
（2）restricted adj. 有限的，受限制的；受控制的，受约束的
be restricted to 限制（在某范围）
（3）restriction n. 限制；约束
【佳句】 The cramped living conditions severely restricted the
children’s freedom to play.
拥挤的居住条件严重限制了孩子们玩耍的自由。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s crucial that access to the club should be restricted members
only.
②In the meantime，this licence allows you to travel anywhere
without （restrict）.
③I restrict myself to （drink） one cup of coffee a day.
to
restriction
drinking
【写美】 补全句子
④我们最好限制屏幕时间每次在一个小时之内，然后我们可以在室内
锻炼。
We’d better and then we
can take exercise indoors.
restrict screen time to one hour at a time
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句
【教材原句】 Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing
our urban habitats.
只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。
【用法】
（1）“only＋状语（副词/介词短语）”置于句首时，句子要用部分
倒装。
（2）“only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
【品悟】 Only after I had read the sentence a second time did I
make sense of it.
我把这句话读了两遍后才理解了它的含义。
【点津】 “only＋主语”置于句首时，句子不倒装。
Only a minority of children seemed to have understood it after the lecture.
讲座结束后，似乎只有少数孩子听懂了。
【写美】 微写作
①直到莉莉走进办公室，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left
the contract at home.
②只有老师才被允许使用这个房间。
Only to use the room.
③只有遵循以上建议，你的情况才能得到改善。
Only by following the above suggestions
.
did she realise
the teachers are allowed
can you get your situation
improved
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. My grandfather is used to taking out the （垃圾） when
he goes out after supper.
2. That boy is a （新来者） to our village， so he can’t
understand our dialect.
3. Talent，hard work and a strong will are all （关键性的）
to career success.
garbage
newcomer
crucial
4. Disneyland is in the Los Angeles （郊区）.If you want to
go there， renting a car is a nice idea.
5. Whoever commits a （罪行） should be punished by law.
6. It is generally considered that the medical service in u areas is
better than that in rural areas.
7. Penglai City is a s city， located in the north-east of Shandong
Province.
8. It is e that the flood has caused about one million people to
leave their houses.
9. While my friend， George， was reading in the bedroom， two
t climbed into his kitchen.
suburb
crime
rban
easide
stimated
hieves
维度二：词形转换
1. I don’t want to share a room with Tony because he is a
（greed） and selfish guy.
2. He specialized in （crime） law when at university.
3. Put a small amount of the powder into a （contain） and
mix it with water.
4. In fact， the first group was absolutely correct in their
（estimate） of this man’s height.
greedy
criminal
container
estimation
5. The course is aimed at developing the children’s
（appreciate） of music performances.
6. The company’s success this year would not have been possible
without the （commit） and dedication of the staff.
7. For one-third of the world’s birds， （migrate） is an
instinct caused by seasonal changes in weather and lack of food.
8. Some animals can adapt to the urban and （suburb）
environment quite well.
appreciation
commitment
migration
suburban
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Because of the shortage of funds， we
（除推迟项目外别无选择）.
2. Only after all the preparation have been made
（我们才将开始会议）.
3. In that country， the cured cases of this disease （达
到） more than ten thousand last year.
4. I wondered how I would （适应） my teenage friends.
have no choice but to put off
the project
will we start the
meeting
amounted to
fit in with
5. The old couple treat me very well
（好像我是他们的家庭成员一样）.
6. （不
管大家如何努力说服他）， he just wouldn’t listen.
as if I were their family member
However/No matter how hard everyone tried to persuade him
维度四：课文语法填空
People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals’ mass
urban 1. （migrate）.Most of us would assume that urban
development and climate change are responsible 2. pushing the
animals out of their natural habitats.With nowhere else to make their
homes， they have no choice but 3. （move） in with us.
migration
for
to move
As our cities become greener， they offer increasingly appealing
spaces to animals 4. （look） for new habitats.One thing
crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” 5. （be）
their ability to adapt.There is evidence 6. urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins， as they 7.
（frequent） have to figure out difficult problems that they would not have in the wild.
looking
is
that
frequently
For those animals that don’t adapt， the city can be a
8. （danger） or even deadly place.Between 400 million
and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US
alone.Some species 9. （affect） more seriously than
others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take
them through cities with high-rise buildings.
However they adapt to our ways of urban living， 10. is
important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate
our wild neighbours.
dangerous
are affected
it
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A new study warns that more than a fifth of all reptile （爬行动物）
species are threatened with extinction， which may have a bad impact on
the planet.
The largest ever analysis of the state of the world’s reptiles，
published in Nature， has showed that 21% of the reptile species are
facing extinction. The study says from lizards to snakes， such a loss
could have disastrous impacts on ecosystems around the world.
Although many reptiles live in dry environments such as deserts，
most species occur in forests， where they suffer from threats such as
logging of land for agriculture.30% of the forest-dwelling reptiles are at
risk of extinction， compared with 14% in dry habitats. Hunting is also a
major threat to reptiles， especially turtles and crocodiles， many of
which are at risk of extinction. Another major contributing factor is the
introduction of invasive species.
“If we removed reptiles， it could change ecosystems
fundamentally， with unfortunate knock-on effects， such as increases in
pest insects，” said Neil Cox， co-leader of the study. “Biodiversity，
including reptiles， supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy
environment for people.”
Our hope is that this first-ever assessment of the world’s 10，000-
plus reptiles helps put them in the spotlight and goes some way to
highlighting this diversity， and just how much we have to lose. As well
as controlling rats， mosquitoes and other pests， reptiles deliver many
other benefits. “They help spread seeds， especially in island
environments，” said researcher Hoffmann. “We’ve also achieved
many medical advances from studies of reptiles.”
The results of the study are not all doom and gloom. Scientists have
found， surprisingly， that if they set out to protect places where
threatened birds， mammals and amphibians （两栖动物） live
together， they’ll meanwhile protect many more threatened reptiles.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究警告说，超过五分之
一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁，这可能对地球产生不良影响。
文章介绍了导致爬行动物灭绝的因素以及爬行动物的益处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究警告说，超过五分之
一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁，这可能对地球产生不良影响。
文章介绍了导致爬行动物灭绝的因素以及爬行动物的益处。
1. Which is the main concern raised by the new study？
A. The overpopulation of reptiles.
B. The loss of reptiles.
C. The sharp increase in reptile species.
D. The disastrous influence of reptiles on nature.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这项新研究提出的
主要担忧是爬行类动物的消失。
2. How many factors causing the extinction of species are mentioned in
Paragraph 3？
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，导致物种灭绝的因
素有三个。
3. What did Neil Cox and Hoffmann both say about reptiles？
A. Their benefits.
B. Their habitats.
C. Their living habits.
D. Their health problems.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Biodiversity， including
reptiles， supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy
environment for people.以及倒数第二段中的They help spread
seeds， especially in island environments可知，尼尔·考克斯和霍夫
曼都提到了爬行动物的益处。
4. What does the underlined phrase “doom and gloom” in the last
paragraph mean？
A. Disappointing. B. Odd.
C. Satisfactory. D. Amazing.
解析： 词义猜测题。画线词下文提到了更多受威胁的爬行动物
会受到保护，说明这项研究的结果并不都是令人失望的。故画线词
意思是“令人失望的”。
B
Johannes Fritz， an Austrian biologist， needed to come up with a
plan again if he was going to prevent his rare and beloved birds from going
extinct.
To survive the European winter， the northern bald ibis needs to
migrate south for the winter over the Alps. But shifting climate patterns
have delayed when the birds begin to migrate and they are now reaching
the mountains too late to make it over the peaks， locking them in an icy
death trap. Determined to save them， he decided to teach the birds a
new， safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He
was confident that he could succeed in this daring， unconventional plan.
Some 400 years ago， the Europeans hunted these birds without
stopping and devoured the last in the wild， causing the birds to disappear
entirely from the wild. When Mr Fritz was born 56 years ago， the
northern bald ibis could be found in Europe only in captivity （圈养）.
Mr Fritz has spent his career reintroducing the birds into the wild.
Through years of trial and error， he learned to fly like a bird. He
modified （改装） a lightweight aircraft so it would fly at speeds slow
enough for the birds to keep up. In 2004， he led the first flock from
Austria to Italy， and has since led more migrations. But the route he
originally taught the ibises does not work successfully. With climate
change warming the area where the birds summer， they now start their
migration at the end of October instead of the end of September. The trip
is expected to take about six weeks， “Still， we’re optimistic that
it’ll work，” said Mr Fritz.
His family and colleagues witnessed the risks he was taking. “But
the unavoidable risks are necessary，” Mr Fritz said. “It’s not so
much a job， but my life’s purpose.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥地利生物学家约
翰内斯·弗里茨为了防止他心爱的稀有鸟类灭绝，决定教它们一条
新的迁徙路线。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥地利生物学家约
翰内斯·弗里茨为了防止他心爱的稀有鸟类灭绝，决定教它们一条
新的迁徙路线。
5. What was Johannes Fritz’s plan？
A. To shorten bald ibises’ migration route.
B. To lead bald ibises to migrate on a new route.
C. To better the climate patterns for bald ibises.
D. To find out a safer destination for bald ibises.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Determined to save them，
he decided to teach the birds a new， safer migration route by guiding
them himself in a tiny aircraft.可知，约翰内斯·弗里茨的计划是带
领秃鹰沿着一条新的路线迁徙。
6. What does the underlined word “devoured” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Destroyed. B. Abused.
C. Released. D. Raised.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，欧洲人不停地猎
杀这些鸟，导致鸟类完全从野外消失。故画线词与Destroyed（毁
灭，破坏）意义相近。
7. Why was Mr Fritz’s initial route for the birds ineffective？
A. Owing to the long time it consumes.
B. For the slow speed of his modified aircraft.
C. Because of the toughness along the first route.
D. Due to higher temperatures in the summer habitat.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的But the route he originally
taught the ibises does not ...at the end of October instead of the end of
September.可推知，弗里茨先生最初寻找的路线是无效的，因为夏
季栖息地的温度更高。
8. Which of the following can best describe Mr Fritz？
A. Honest. B. Innovative.
C. Straightforward. D. Demanding.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段和第四段内容可知，弗里茨先
生是有创新想法的。
C
The song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and
surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012， Joel
Sartore， the founder of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark
received a call from the US Fish and Wildlife Service： The songbird， an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grassland， was on the edge of extinction. With only a few dozen males showing up in counts， it was among North America’s most endangered bird species.
Sartore flew to Florida to photograph the bird and work with
conservationists to raise awareness of the species’ difficult situation. The
story appeared in outlets ， such as newspapers， magazines and even
the Internet， helping boost government funding for a breeding program.
Thanks to these steps， there are now as many as 180 adults in the wild
and researchers are working hard to bring the species back from the brink
of extinction.
Like other examples of species survival， the push to save the
sparrow is “a remarkable story of belief and cooperation”， says
Sartore. It also shows what it takes to protect an endangered species：
research， narratives， partnerships， resources and time. This journey
shows the society’s mission to illustrate and protect the wonder of the
world. Over the past 136 years， we’ve developed a unique Explorer-led
model， combining science， exploration， education， and storytelling
to drive impact. We support Explorer in more than 140 countries， including Sartore and others whose work appears in this issue： biologist André Green Ⅱ， photographer Lynsey Addario and education advocate Ara Kusuma.
Sartore has been creating an “ark” of animal photos for 17 years.
Portraits of more than 15，000 species invite audiences to connect and
care. With the society’s support， the images have appeared on
landmarks and US postage stamps， prompting on-the-ground
conservation efforts such as an initiative of National Geographic Explorer
and Photo Ark.
As Sartore says， “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a healthy
planet. When we save a bird or another species， we’re actually saving
ourselves.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在各方人士的共同
努力下拯救美国鸟类的事情，强调了人与鸟类共存的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在各方人士的共同
努力下拯救美国鸟类的事情，强调了人与鸟类共存的重要性。
9. How does the author introduce the topic？
A. By clarifying a concept.
B. By offering an example.
C. By giving an explanation.
D. By quoting a remark.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，这里利用具体的例
子来说明北美鸟类的濒危情况。
10. Which has the similar meaning with “outlets” in Paragraph 2？
A. Stores. B. Media.
C. Exits. D. Books.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的such as newspapers，
magazines and even the Internet， helping boost government funding
for a breeding program可知，这里的outlet包括报纸、杂志甚至互联
网等媒体，所以outlet的意思和B项（媒体）意思一致。
11. What contributes to the sparrow’s survival？
A. A funding program from the government.
B. An ark of animal photos in the magazine.
C. A unique initiative for species protection.
D. A joint effort from different professionals.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，拯救麻雀是各领
域专业人士共同努力的结果。
12. What does Sartore want to convey in the last paragraph？
A. The urgency of species’ protection.
B. The promotion of cooperative methods.
C. The importance of coexistence.
D. The situation of human survival.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的When we save a bird or
another species， we’re actually saving ourselves.可知，Sartore认
为，鸟类和人类息息相关，强调了人与鸟类共存的重要性。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Practising General Water Safety
A day at the pool or the beach can be a very relaxing activity.
However， if you see someone drowning， that can transform your day
into a scary experience. 13
Strengthen your swimming skills.
14 If you do not know what you are doing， it is possible you
could make the situation worse， despite your best intentions. If you are
going to be near water， or plan to be， it’s a great idea to take an
advanced swimming course.
Practice caution.
Accidents happen， and it is certainly not possible to ensure that
drowning incidents don’t occur. 15 Make sure that when you are
near water you have flotation （漂浮） device with you. If possible，
take a cellphone with you to the pool beach so that you can call for help if
necessary.
It is always best to swim with a lifeguard on duty. This is important
for everyone， even strong swimmers. If you are going to be swimming in
a pool， look for one with a regular lifeguard. 16 For example， do
not go in a lake if it is especially windy and the waves are strong. You
should avoid going in the ocean when the tides （潮汐） are very strong.
Many beaches post signs or flags advising you of conditions. Do not swim
if a warning is posted.
17
Swim in designated areas.
While anyone can drown， children are especially susceptible （易受
伤害的）. If you have kids， make sure that you teach them to act
responsibly around water. Have a set of rules for family swims， and
make sure that your children understand them.
A. Teach children the rules.
B. Try to remember the safety rules.
C. Bring a safety tool along with you and your children.
D. However， there are many steps you can take to reduce the possibility.
E. Do not go in natural bodies of water if the conditions are unfavourable.
F. By practising water safety rules， you can keep both you and those
around you safe.
G. It is important to remember that only super competent swimmers
should attempt rescues.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水上安全的一些规
则。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水上安全的一些规
则。
13. F 空前一句提到溺水事故，根据下文列举的几个水上安全规则可
知，F项（通过实践水上安全规则，你可以保证你和你周围的人的安
全）符合语境，提出学习水上安全规则的好处。
14. G 根据段落小标题Strengthen your swimming skills.以及空后一
句可知，想要救援，首先需要加强游泳技能。G项（重要的是要记
住，只有超级有能力的游泳者才应该尝试救援）符合语境。
15. D 根据空前一句可知，不可能确保不发生溺水事件；根据空后
一句可知，虽然没法确保溺水事件不发生，但是我们可以采取措施减
少其发生的可能性。D项（然而，你可以采取很多措施来减少这种可
能性）符合语境。
16. E 根据段落小标题Swim in designated areas.以及下文举例可
知，要在指定区域游泳。E项（如果条件不利，不要进入天然水体）
符合语境。
17. A 根据下文Have a set of rules for family swims， and make sure
that your children understand them.可知，本段主要介绍要让孩子理解
家庭游泳的规则。A项（教孩子规则）适合作本段小标题。
谢谢观看！
