Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.The （火星） probe Tianwen 1 was seen in its first selfie in space on 1 October 2020.
2.The （核能的） submarine designer Huang Xuhua was presented Highest Science and Technology Awards.
3.The Australian government’s official （机构） confirmed human-driven warming remained the biggest threat to the reef’s long-term survival.
4.They dug up some old toys from the bottom of the （树干）.
5.From the article we can learn that it was in 1957 that the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite to o the Earth.
6.Much of the meaning must be i from the context， so what we need to do is understand the context perfectly.
7.My mother was w the table with a piece of cloth when I came back home.
8.He is one of the most excellent a in China and we are proud of him.
维度二：词形转换
1.Many big cities have equipped their subway stations with a series of （advance） security devices.
2.This experience is so （terrify） that I regret having come here with you.
3.It’s said that there is a direct link between long-time （expose） to the sun and skin cancer.
4.The room is （dust）， so you have to clean it carefully before moving in.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.I like skiing and （与此同时）， I know it is very dangerous.
2.Students are provided with breakfast， dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch which （由……组成） a sandwich， a drink and a dessert.
3.Neither the teacher nor his students know how to （解出） the problem.
4.Distance occurs when friends （与……失去联系） each other and go in separate directions.
5.One atom bomb can （消灭） thousands of people.
6. （毫无疑问） China is playing a more and more important role in the international affairs.
7. （脱掉他的外套）， he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
8.It will be an hour （警察才能到达）.
维度四：课文语法填空
Today， environmental problems have become the 1. （great） risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， but they are also preparing 2. the worst.One option is 3. （explore） other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars， which is 4. （relative） close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.Mars 5. （fascinate） people since ancient times， and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Since 6. 1960s， we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
7. （encourage） by discoveries over the years， space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.There is no doubt 8. humankind is drawn towards Mars， with dreams of making it our second home.However， 9. （send） people there will require all the skill， courage and 10. （intelligent） of the human race.For now， human settlement of Mars is still decades away.Until we are finally able to live on another planet， we need to take much better care of our own.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
If humans ever hope to live on Mars， the settlers will need to produce a series of organic compounds （有机化合物）， from fuels to drugs， which are too expensive to ship from Earth.
Chemists from the University of California， Berkeley， and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory （Berkeley Lab） have a plan for that.
For the past eight years， the researchers have been working on a system combining bacteria （细菌） and nanowires （纳米线） that can catch the energy of sunlight to change carbon dioxide （CO2） and water into building blocks for organic things. Nanowires are thin wires about one-hundredth the width of a human hair， used as electronic parts， and also as solar cells.
“On Mars， about 96% of the atmosphere is CO2. Basically， all you need is these nanowires to take in the solar energy and pass it on to these bacteria to do the chemistry for you，” said the project leader Peidong Yang， a professor of chemistry and S.K. and Angela Chan Distinguished Chair in Energy at the University of California， Berkeley. “For a deep space task， you care about the weight， and biological systems have the advantage that they self-reproduce： You don’t need to send a lot. That’s why this version is highly attractive.”
“The only other requirement， besides sunlight， is water， which on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies frozen underground over most of the planet，” said Yang.
It works like photosynthesis （光合作用）， which plants naturally employ to change CO2 and water into carbon compounds， mostly sugar and carbohydrates. Plants， however， have a quite low efficiency （效率）， usually changing less than one-half per cent of solar energy into carbon compounds. Yang’s system is comparable to the plant that best changes CO2 to sugar， which is 4%－5% efficient.
1.What is the function of the new biological system？
A.Reducing air pollution on Mars. B.Carrying many organic things to Mars.
C.Helping to produce organic compounds on Mars. D.Making building blocks without sunlight.
2.Why is the self-reproduction possible on Mars？
A.There’s plenty of CO2， water and sunlight on Mars.
B.Mars is much easier to land than other planets.
C.Spaceship technology has developed a lot.
D.Lots of oxygen is found on Mars.
3.What can we learn about Yang’s system according to the last paragraph？
A.It doesn’t need carbon dioxide and water.
B.It can be replaced by plants in space.
C.Its efficiency is higher than natural photosynthesis’.
D.It functions based on rules different from photosynthesis.
4.In which part of a newspaper may this text appear？
A.Life. B.Science.
C.Health. D.Education.
B
Gharials （恒河鳄） are living along the river banks of India and eat fish. There was a time when they were plentiful， but that was many years ago. The population of this animal was estimated to decrease from 10，000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006， which led to gharials’ being put in the endangered part on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List.
Gharials were in such a condition due to increased fishing in their living areas — fish were caught in large numbers — gharials sometimes couldn’t find enough food. Gharials were hunted for their skins， for use in traditional medicine and so on. Many lost their living places.
Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary. The next year， some gharials were put into the Chambal River. Other rivers， including the Gandaki River， were added. The Gandaki River is a good place for the gharials because it has sandbanks and wetlands.
Since 2016， nests have been found every year with help from local farmers and fishermen who then helped to protect gharials. “Members of the community were trained by experts to watch and help gharials，”said Samir Kumar Sinha， head of conservation at the Wildlife Trust of India （WTI）.
A 2018 survey by the WTI recorded more than 160 gharials in the Gandaki River. The organization also found 20 baby gharials. Now， the gharials are being found in other parts of India and in parts of Nepal. In fact， they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50 years. They are still endangered but we are optimistic that the animals will begin to make a comeback.
5.What happened to gharials according to the first paragraph？
A.Their number dropped a lot.
B.They lived a much shorter life.
C.They changed their food choice.
D.Their living environment was polluted.
6.What once caused gharials to be endangered？
①Human hunting. ②Fewer living places.
③Being short of food. ④Being hurt by other animals.
A.①②③ B.①②④
C.②③④ D.①③④
7.What does the information in Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest？
A.Gharials lead a life of adventure.
B.Local people work together to protect gharials.
C.People have to take care of gharials because of orders.
D.Gharials were put into different rivers to attract visitors.
8.How is the result of the conservation efforts？
A.It is uncertain. B.It is worrying.
C.It is successful. D.It is unsatisfactory.
C
Space tourism is the term used to describe space travel for recreational or leisure purposes. What was once only a dream， as described in A Space Odyssey by Arthur C.Clarke， is now becoming a reality.
Futurologists attempt to make predictions of what life will be like in the future. After the first man landed on the moon，they thought that hotels would be built on the moon by the year 2000. They also considered the possibility that，in the 21st century， families might go for a holiday on the moon. Neither of these predictions has come true yet — but the rapid development of technology may mean these predictions are possible in the years to come.
Space Adventures is currently the only company to have succeeded in sending paying passengers into space. It worked with the Russian Federal Space Agency and Russia’s rocket and space corporation Energia to provide flights for the world’s first private space explorers. Each paid over $20 million for their 10-day trip to the International Space Station.
Following successful explorations into space，other companies are now considering the possibility of enabling tourists to visit space. To make it affordable，suborbital （亚轨道的） space travel is being considered by some companies， like Virgin Galactic. Passengers would be transported to a height of between 100 and 160 km above Earth， experience 3－6 minutes of weightlessness and a view of the stars before going back to Earth. This is estimated to cost around 200，000 per person.
While it could be an enriching experience，there are some terrifying disadvantages. Many critics say that a huge growth in the spaceflight industry could drastically speed up the process of global warming. The ozone layer （臭氧层） would be damaged further and the polar regions would suffer. In addition， space travel is only really affordable for the super-rich， though Virgin Galactic claims to be opening space to the rest of us.
9.What do you know about space tourism？
A.It is nothing but a dream. B.It’s only in some fairy tales.
C.It’s a sightseeing tour in space. D.It’s a scientific expedition.
10.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A.The future life on the moon. B.Landing on the moon in 1969.
C.Predictions about trips to the moon. D.The history of the moon exploration.
11.Why is suborbital space travel considered possible？
A.It’s cheaper. B.It’s safer.
C.It’s greener. D.It’s more convenient.
12.What is some critics’ major concern about space tourism？
A.Its safety. B.Its expense.
C.Social equality. D.Environmental effect.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Natural disasters are terrifying and come without warning， and this underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause deaths of crops or damage to properties without warning. Emergency management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are no systems set up for disaster security.
There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here’s a list of some of them：
1.Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps. 13 You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each type of disaster.
2.Each community has its own set of emergency signals. 14 Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency.
3. 15 Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and what the responsibilities of each one are， in order to be able to work as a team.
4.Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one within the vicinity （附近） of your workplace or home， and one outside your immediate vicinity. 16 Agree on an emergency telephone that everyone should try to call.
5.Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid supplies. 17 Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries. Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates.
A.Find out what they sound like and what they mean.
B.Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.
C.Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you.
D.Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.
E.Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.
F.Find out any disaster management plan that your community has.
G.This is also the best time to ask what kind of disaster may likely take place.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
秋冬季节，天气十分干燥，极易突发火灾。上周五，你校学生会组织全校学生参与了“消防安全，人人有责”的消防演习（Fire Drill）活动。请你写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.报道本次活动的内容；
2.参与本次活动的收获与感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Fire Safety for Everyone
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Mars 2.nuclear 3.agency 4.trunk 5.orbit 6.inferred 7.wiping 8.astronauts
维度二
1.advanced 2.terrifying 3.exposure 4.dusty
维度三
1.in the meantime 2.consists of 3.work out
4.lose contact with 5.wipe out 6.There is no doubt that
7.Taking off his coat 8.before the police arrive
维度四
1.greatest 2.for 3.to explore 4.relatively
5.has fascinated 6.the 7.Encouraged 8.that
9.sending 10.intelligence
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以在火星上自己生产有机化合物的新系统，并分析了它运转的可能性以及它的优点。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，人类若想在火星生活，移民者需要生产从燃料到药物一系列的有机化合物，它们从地球上运送过去会很昂贵。根据第三段可知，研究人员在研究一种新系统，该系统可以捕捉阳光的能量，将二氧化碳和水转化为有机物质的构成要素。综合分析，新生物系统的功能是帮助在火星上生产有机化合物。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，火星上存在着大量的二氧化碳、水和阳光让其自己生产有机物质成为可能。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Plants， however， have a quite low ...which is 4%－5% efficient.可知，杨的系统的效率比自然光合作用要高。
4.B 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了可以在火星上自己生产有机化合物的新系统，并分析了它运转的可能性以及它的优点。因此本文应出现在报纸的科学部分。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。恒河鳄生活在印度的河岸上，以鱼为食，后来成为濒危物种，文章解释了其背后的原因以及人们为保护恒河鳄所采取的一些措施。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The population of this animal was estimated to decrease from 10，000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006可知，恒河鳄的数量从1946年的10，000只减少到2006年的不足250只。由此可知，恒河鳄的数量减少了很多。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的due to increased fishing in their living areas和couldn’t find enough food以及Many lost their living places.可知，人类捕猎、食物短缺以及生存空间减少导致了恒河鳄濒临灭绝。
7.B 推理判断题。第三段第一句提到保护工作开始于20世纪70年代，印度政府建立了国家昌巴尔保护区。第四段提到自2016年以来，在当地农民和渔民的帮助下，每年都能发现用来保护恒河鳄的巢穴，并且社区成员接受了专家的培训，以观察和帮助恒河鳄。由此可知，第三、四段表明了当地人一起努力保护恒河鳄。
8.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段WTI 在2018年的一项调查记录中所列的数据可知，恒河鳄的数量有所增加，且由最后一句中的we are optimistic that the animals will begin to make a comeback可推断，保护工作很成功。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太空旅行发展的可能性及其可能会带来的问题。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，太空旅游是用来描述出于娱乐或休闲目的的太空旅行的术语。由此可知，太空旅行是一次太空观光之旅。
10.C 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，未来学家试图预测未来的生活是什么样子。第一个人登上月球后，他们认为到2000年月球上会建旅馆。他们还考虑了21世纪在月球上进行家庭度假的可能性。这两种预测都还没有实现，但技术的快速发展可能意味着这些预测在未来几年内是可能的。由此可知，本段主要是关于到月球旅行的预测。
11.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，随着太空探索的成功，其他公司如今正在考虑让游客参观太空的可能性；为了让人们负担得起，一些公司正在考虑进行亚轨道太空旅行。由此可知，一些公司考虑亚轨道太空旅行是因为费用更便宜，人们能负担得起。
12.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句可知，许多批评家说，航天工业的巨大发展可能会大大加快全球变暖的进程；臭氧层将被进一步破坏，极地地区将受到影响。由此可知，航天工业的发展给环境带来很大的影响，这也正是批评家们对于太空旅行主要担心的问题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你计划应对自然灾害时所要采取的步骤。
13.G 根据空前一句可知，向当地红十字会或应急管理办公室询问灾害提醒和应急管理措施；根据空后一句可知，你也可以要求一份每一种灾难中应该采取的紧急措施的列表。设空处承上启下，G项（这也是询问可能发生何种灾难的最佳时机）符合语境。G项中的ask是原词复现，what kind of disaster与空后的each type of disaster相照应。
14.A 根据空前一句可知，本段主要讲述要对社区的紧急信号有所了解。A项（弄清楚它们听起来像什么以及它们是什么意思）符合语境，A项中的they指代空前句中的emergency signals。
15.B 空后提到“包括关于在这种情况下可能会发生什么以及应该做什么的讨论”可知，空处应提及关键词discuss。B项（讨论不同类型自然灾害的危害）符合语境。
16.D 上文提到设置一个会面地点，以防发生自然灾害，它应该是一个在你的工作场所或家附近的地点，一个在你紧邻场所的外面的地点。因此空处应进一步解释为何选择这样的地点作为集合地点。D项（当自然灾害发生时，每个人都应该设法到达那里）符合语境。
17.E 根据段落主旨句Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.可知，在准备灾难应急工具箱时，水和食物应是必需品。E项（准备一些足够用三天的水和食物）符合语境，其中E项中的Prepare为原词复现。
Ⅲ.
Fire Safety for Everyone
Last Friday witnessed a meaningful fire drill activity titled “Fire Safety for Everyone” organized by our school’s Student Union， which involved all the students with the intention of promoting the awareness of protecting ourselves and developing the students’ practical skills in emergency， leaving a deep impression on my memory.
As scheduled， the activity started with a local firefighter’s lecture on the fire and emergency management. Then， the students watched some videos about the consequences of the fire destruction， making us realize the importance of preventing fires. The highlight of the activity， undoubtedly， was a practical fire drill competition， in which we were asked to deal with different emergencies rapidly.
The activity greatly won our favor and enabled us understand the threat of fire destruction.
5 / 5Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Plan B： Life on Mars①？
In the 1960s and 1970s， the greatest fear was [1]that the human race， and possibly all advanced② life forms on the planet， could be wiped③ out by nuclear④ missiles， just at the push of a button⑤.Today， however， environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy⑥.But they are also preparing for the worst：what can we do if the terrifying⑦ scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life？ What is our Plan B for Earth？
One option is [2]to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars， [3]which is relatively⑧ close to Earth and has an environment less hostile⑨ than that of other planets.Mars has fascinated⑩ people since ancient times， and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity.More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet， for example， the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
[1]that引导表语从句。
[2]动词不定式短语to explore other planets作表语；动词不定式短语to see if we could live on them作目的状语；if引导宾语从句。
[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mars； that用作替代词。
Since the 1960s， we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.Our probes have orbited the planet， [4]sending back valuable data and stunning images.Our robots have explored the Martian surface， [5]testing the soil and searching for resources， water and signs of life.[6]Encouraged by discoveries over the years， space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars [7]that could take place within the next 25 years.
[4]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[5]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[6]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[7]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词missions。
There is no doubt [8]that humankind is drawn towards Mars， with dreams of making it our second home.However， sending people there will require all the skill， courage and intelligence of the human race.[9]While the Moon can be reached within days， it would take months to reach Mars， [10]travelling through dangerous solar radiation .[11]And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely， they may not be able to return to Earth — ever.Staying alive will be a daily challenge， but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment， not impossible.As early as the 1980s， scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. It consisted of a closed space [12]in which people， animals and plants could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen， food and water， needing nothing from the outside world.Although the two-year experiment was not a success， it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently， scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That definitely is a big step forward.
[8]that引导同位语从句，对名词doubt作进一步解释。
[9]While意为“而，然而”，表示对比。
[10]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[11]even if引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，尽管”；do强调谓语动词reach。
[12]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词space。
For now ， human settlement of Mars is still decades away.In the meantime ， scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.Until we are finally able to live on another planet， we need to take much better care of our own.Right now， it’s the only one we have！
【读文清障】
①Mars n.火星
②advanced adj.高级的；先进的
③wipe v.擦，拭，揩
wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭
④nuclear adj.核武器的
nuclear missile核导弹
⑤at the push of a button按一下按钮
⑥renewable energy可再生能源
⑦terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
⑧relatively adv.相对地
⑨hostile adj.（生长环境）恶劣的
⑩fascinate v.深深吸引，迷住
make efforts to do ...努力做……
unmanned adj.无人驾驶（操纵）的
spacecraft n.航天器，宇宙飞船
orbit v.环绕……运行
stunning adj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
search for搜索，搜寻
sign n.迹象，征兆
agency n.机构；（尤指政府内的）局，部，处
draw v.吸引，使感兴趣
solar radiation太阳辐射
biosphere n.生物圈
consist v.组成
consist of由……构成，由……组成
function v.起作用，正常工作，运转
be similar to与……类似
for now 目前，暂时
settlement n.移民；殖民；开拓
in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时
have an effect on对……有影响
【参考译文】
B计划：在火星上生活？
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？对地球，我们的B计划是什么？
一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。火星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对探索火星的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例如美国犹他州的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。
自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。我们的探测器已经绕火星轨道运行，并发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并且在寻找资源、水和生命的迹象。受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。然而，把人类送上火星将要求人类具备所有的技能、勇气和智慧。到达月球只需要几天的时间，而到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且其间要经历危险的太阳辐射。而且即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圈2号”。它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成依靠自身的氧气、食物和水来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。
目前，人类要在火星上定居还需要几十年的时间。同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。现在，它是我们唯一一个赖以生存的星球！
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the greatest risk to live on Earth now？
A.Nuclear missiles.
B.Environmental problems.
C.Global warming.
D.Resource reduction.
2.Why do people choose Mars to explore？
①Because it is relatively close to Earth.
②Because its environment is less hostile than that of other planets.
③Because it has an environment suitable for farming.
④Because it doesn’t need to be transformed to live on it.
A.①② B.①③
C.①④ D.①②③
3.Which of the following is TRUE？
A.People have sent manned spacecraft to Mars.
B.Our probes have orbited Mars，but not sending any valuable information.
C.Our robots have explored the Martian surface.
D.Due to lack of technology，it is unlikely that humans will explore Mars in the next 30 years.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A.The day of human migration to Mars is not far away.
B.Because of the plan to immigrate to Mars，attention paid to Earth is not important.
C.Global warming has little to do with human activities.
D.We still need to protect the Earth，despite the solutions to the risks.
5.What’s the main idea of the passage？
A.The Earth is a dangerous place.
B.Mars is a better place for humans to live on.
C.People are exploring another planet to replace the Earth.
D.Scientists have succeeded in growing plants on Mars.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What do you think is the biggest difficulty for humans to live on Mars？
2.Do you think humans will have to migrate to other planets someday？Why or why not？
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.Encouraged by discoveries over the years，space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
句式分析 Encouraged by discoveries over the years 作 ，that引导 从句，修饰先行词missions。
自主翻译
2.There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams of making it our second home.
句式分析 句中that 引导 从句，making it our second home 作介词of的 。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
advanced adj.高级的；先进的
【教材原句】 In the 1960s and 1970s， the greatest fear was that the human race， and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet， could be wiped out by nuclear missiles， just at the push of a button. 在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。
【用法】
（1）advanced equipment 先进的设备
advanced course 高级课程
（2）advance n. 前进，发展
v. 前进；发展；促进
make an advance/advances in 在某方面取得进步/发展
in advance 提前
in advance of 在……之前；比……进步
【佳句】 China has made great advances in science and technology in the past few years. 在过去的几年里，中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大进步。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①By comparison，I strongly recommend that you （should） sign up for （advance） literature.
②As is known to us all， British Summer Time is one hour in advance Greenwich Mean Time.
【写美】 补全句子
③我建议你去书店借一本历史书，提前了解唐朝的历史。（建议信）
I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty .
replace vt.代替；取代；把……放回原处
【教材原句】 Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。
【用法】
（1）replace ...with/by ... 用……替换……
replace ...as ... 取代……而成为……
（2）take the place of sb＝take one’s place
代替某人
in place of 代替
（3）replacement n. 替换；更换
【佳句】 Our monitor will replace our headteacher to attend the meeting.
我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①What would happen if consumers replaced old products new electronics that serve more than one function.
②Talking online is no （replace） for face-to-face communication.
【写美】 补全句子
③After reading the magazine， be sure to .
读完杂志，务必把它放回到书架上。
terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
【教材原句】 But they are also preparing for the worst： what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life？
但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？
【用法】
（1）terror n. 惊恐，恐惧
in terror 惊慌地
（2）terrify vt. 使恐惧，使惊吓
terrify sb into doing ... 吓唬某人做……
（3）terrified adj. 害怕的，惊恐的
be terrified of 对……感到惊恐
be terrified at/by/with ... 被……吓了一跳
【佳句】 People fled in terror as fire tore through the building.
大楼里火势迅速蔓延，人们惊慌失措，纷纷逃离。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I still find it （terrify） to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.
②Hearing the loud thunder， the little girl was （terrify） and dared not go to sleep on her own.
【写美】 补全句子
③她非常害怕这些老鼠，哭喊着跑向她的母亲。
She the rats that she ran crying and screaming to her mother.
consist v.组成
【教材原句】 It consisted of a closed space in which people， animals and plants could live together. 它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。
【用法】
（1）consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of 由……构成，由……组成
consist in 在于，存在于
consist with 与……一致，与……相吻合
（2）consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；持续的，连续的
be consistent with 与……相一致/吻合
【佳句】 Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
成功在于百折不挠。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A medical team， （consist） of five experienced doctors and ten skillful nurses， was sent there.
②He isn’t a man whose actions aren’t consistent his promises.
【写美】 补全句子
③人生主要由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐和悲伤存在于奋斗中。
Life mainly happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow struggle.
expose v.使暴露（于险境）；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验
【教材原句】 ...we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars.
……我们可以推断出月球受到的危险辐射比火星少。
【用法】
（1）expose ...to ... 把……暴露在……，使……接触……
expose oneself to ... 接触……；使自己暴露于……
（2）exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的
be exposed to 接触……；暴露于……
（3）exposure n. 暴露
【佳句】 Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
年轻人如果每天接触声音很大的音乐，那么他们就可能有变聋的危险。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Long-time （expose） before screen will do harm to you mentally and physically.
② （expose） to the sun for a long time， you will get sunburned.
【写美】 一句多译
③尽可能多地接触英语对你来说是学好英语的好办法。
→ is a good way for you to learn English well.
→ is a good way for you to learn English well.
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：that用作替代词
【教材原句】 The most likely choice is Mars， which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。
【用法】
替代词that， those， it， one， ones， the one， the ones的区别：
（1）that表特指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词”；
（2）those表特指，代替上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the＋复数名词”；
（3）it表特指，用来代替上文提到的同一个事物，可替代单数可数名词或不可数名词；
（4）one表泛指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数可数名词”；
（5）ones表泛指，代替前面出现的可数名词复数；
（6）the one表特指，代替前面出现的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋可数名词单数”，后面常有定语修饰；
（7）the ones表特指，代替前面出现的可数名词复数，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。
【品悟】 There’s no greater happiness than that of succeeding in one’s career.
最大的快乐莫过于事业上的成功。
【写美】 微写作
①夏季，北京的天气比南京的天气凉爽得多。
The weather in Beijing in Nanjing in summer.
②赢得一等奖是一个兴奋的时刻，我永远不会忘记。
Winning the first prize was an exciting moment， .
③你办公室里的电脑比我们学校里的那些更贵。
The computers in your office are .
④我想买一些苹果，看起来新鲜的苹果。
I want to buy some apples， .
⑤昨天我把伞丢了。我正在找它。
I lost my umbrella yesterday. I’m .
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.replaceable 2.close 3.hostile 4.1960s 5.unmanned
6.25 7.skill， courage and intelligence 8.months 9.solar
10.staying alive 11.growing 12.environmentally
第二步
1－5 BACDC
第三步
1.How to get the oxygen， water and food to support life.
2.No， I don’t think so.What human beings should do is make the planet more habitable instead of abandoning it.
第四步
1.原因状语 定语
受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。
2.同位语 宾语
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①advanced ②of ③in advance
2.①with/by ②replacement ③replace it on the bookshelf
3.①terrifying ②terrified ③was so terrified of
4.①consisting ②with ③consists of； consist in
5.①exposure ②Exposed ③Being exposed to as much English as possible； Exposing yourself to as much English as possible
重点句型解构
①is much cooler than that ②one I’ll never forget
③more expensive than those in our school
④the ones that look fresh ⑤looking for it
8 / 8(共101张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Plan B： Life on Mars①？
In the 1960s and 1970s， the greatest fear was [1]that the human race， and possibly all advanced② life forms on the planet， could be wiped③ out by nuclear④ missiles， just at the push of a button⑤.Today， however， environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy⑥.But they are also preparing for the worst：what can we do if the terrifying⑦ scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life？ What is our Plan B for Earth？
[1]that引导表语从句。
【读文清障】
①Mars n.火星
②advanced adj.高级的；先进的
③wipe v.擦，拭，揩
wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭
④nuclear adj.核武器的
nuclear missile核导弹
⑤at the push of a button按一下按钮
⑥renewable energy可再生能源
⑦terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
One option is [2]to explore other planets to see if we could live on
them.The most likely choice is Mars， [3]which is relatively⑧ close to
Earth and has an environment less hostile⑨ than that of other planets.Mars
has fascinated⑩ people since ancient times， and today our interest in
Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Films such as The Martian
enjoy worldwide popularity.More governments and organisations are
making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet， for example，
the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars
Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
[2]动词不定式短语to explore other planets作表语；动词不定式短
语to see if we could live on them作目的状语；if引导宾语从句。
[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mars； that用作替
代词。
⑧relatively adv.相对地
⑨hostile adj.（生长环境）恶劣的
⑩fascinate v.深深吸引，迷住
make efforts to do ...努力做……
Since the 1960s， we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to
Mars.Our probes have orbited the planet， [4]sending back valuable
data and stunning images.Our robots have explored the Martian
surface， [5]testing the soil and searching for resources， water and
signs of life.[6]Encouraged by discoveries over the years， space
agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars
[7]that could take place within the next 25 years.
[4]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[5]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[6]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[7]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词missions。
unmanned adj.无人驾驶（操纵）的
spacecraft n.航天器，宇宙飞船
orbit v.环绕……运行
stunning adj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
search for搜索，搜寻
sign n.迹象，征兆
agency n.机构；（尤指政府内的）局，部，处
There is no doubt [8]that humankind is drawn towards Mars， with
dreams of making it our second home.However， sending people there
will require all the skill， courage and intelligence of the human
race.[9]While the Moon can be reached within days， it would take
months to reach Mars， [10]travelling through dangerous solar radiation
.[11]And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely， they may not
be able to return to Earth — ever.Staying alive will be a daily challenge，
but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment， not impossible.As early
as the 1980s， scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.
It consisted of a closed space [12]in which people， animals and plants
could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was
designed to function with its own oxygen， food and water， needing
nothing from the outside world.Although the two-year experiment was not
a success， it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans
might be able to live on another planet.More recently， scientists have
succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that
on Mars.That definitely is a big step forward.
[8]that引导同位语从句，对名词doubt作进一步解释。
[9]While意为“而，然而”，表示对比。
[10]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[11]even if引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，尽管”；do强调谓语动词reach。
[12]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词space。
draw v.吸引，使感兴趣
solar radiation太阳辐射
biosphere n.生物圈
consist v.组成
consist of由……构成，由……组成
function v.起作用，正常工作，运转
be similar to与……类似
For now ， human settlement of Mars is still decades away.In the
meantime ， scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting
warmer.This change is being caused by human activity and is having a
terrible effect on the biosphere.Until we are finally able to live on
another planet， we need to take much better care of our own.Right
now， it’s the only one we have！
for now 目前，暂时
settlement n.移民；殖民；开拓
in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时
have an effect on对……有影响
【参考译文】
B计划：在火星上生活？
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人
类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底
毀灭。然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。
科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代
煤炭和石油。但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐
怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？对地球，我们的B计划是
什么？
一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。最有可能
的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。火
星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对探索火星的兴趣比以往任何时
候都更浓厚。像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。越来
越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例
如美国犹他州的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。
自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。我们的
探测器已经绕火星轨道运行，并发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图
像。我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并且在寻找资
源、水和生命的迹象。受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正
计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家
园。然而，把人类送上火星将要求人类具备所有的技能、勇气和智
慧。到达月球只需要几天的时间，而到达火星却需要数月的时间，并
且其间要经历危险的太阳辐射。而且即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火
星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但
正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。早在20世
纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圈2
号”。它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。
“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成依靠自身的氧气、食物和水
来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，
但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。最
近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。这
无疑是向前迈出的一大步。
目前，人类要在火星上定居还需要几十年的时间。同时，科学研
究表明地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈
产生了严重的影响。在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们
需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。现在，它是我们唯一一个赖以生
存的星球！
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What is the greatest risk to live on Earth now？
A. Nuclear missiles.
B. Environmental problems.
C. Global warming.
D. Resource reduction.
2. Why do people choose Mars to explore？
①Because it is relatively close to Earth.
②Because its environment is less hostile than that of other planets.
③Because it has an environment suitable for farming.
④Because it doesn’t need to be transformed to live on it.
A. ①② B. ①③
C. ①④ D. ①②③
3. Which of the following is TRUE？
A. People have sent manned spacecraft to Mars.
B. Our probes have orbited Mars，but not sending any valuable
information.
C. Our robots have explored the Martian surface.
D. Due to lack of technology，it is unlikely that humans will explore
Mars in the next 30 years.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. The day of human migration to Mars is not far away.
B. Because of the plan to immigrate to Mars，attention paid to Earth is
not important.
C. Global warming has little to do with human activities.
D. We still need to protect the Earth，despite the solutions to the risks.
5. What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. The Earth is a dangerous place.
B. Mars is a better place for humans to live on.
C. People are exploring another planet to replace the Earth.
D. Scientists have succeeded in growing plants on Mars.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What do you think is the biggest difficulty for humans to live on
Mars？
2. Do you think humans will have to migrate to other planets someday？
Why or why not？
How to get the oxygen， water and food to support life.
No， I don’t think so.What human beings should do is make the
planet more habitable instead of abandoning it.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1. Encouraged by discoveries over the years，space agencies of various
countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place
within the next 25 years.
句式分析 Encouraged by discoveries over the years 作
，that引导 从句，修饰先行词missions。
自主翻译
原因状
语
定语
受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在
未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。
2. There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams
of making it our second home.
句式分析 句中that 引导 从句，making it our second home
作介词of的 。
自主翻译
同位语
宾语
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们
的第二家园。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
advanced adj.高级的；先进的
【教材原句】 In the 1960s and 1970s， the greatest fear was that the
human race， and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet， could
be wiped out by nuclear missiles， just at the push of a button.
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——
甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。
【用法】
（1）advanced equipment先进的设备
advanced course 高级课程
（2）advance n. 前进，发展
v. 前进；发展；促进
make an advance/advances in 在某方面取得进步/发展
in advance 提前
in advance of 在……之前；比……进步
【佳句】 China has made great advances in science and technology in
the past few years. 在过去的几年里，中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大
进步。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①By comparison，I strongly recommend that you （should） sign up
for （advance） literature.
②As is known to us all， British Summer Time is one hour in
advance Greenwich Mean Time.
advanced
of
【写美】 补全句子
③我建议你去书店借一本历史书，提前了解唐朝的历史。（建议信）
I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the
history of the Tang Dynasty .
in advance
replace vt.代替；取代；把……放回原处
【教材原句】 Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， such
as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代
煤炭和石油。
【用法】
（1）replace ...with/by ...用……替换……
replace ...as ... 取代……而成为……
（2）take the place of sb＝take one’s place 代替某人
in place of 代替
（3）replacement n. 替换；更换
【佳句】 Our monitor will replace our headteacher to attend the
meeting.
我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①What would happen if consumers replaced old products
new electronics that serve more than one function.
②Talking online is no （replace） for face-to-face
communication.
with/by
replacement
【写美】 补全句子
③After reading the magazine， be sure to
.
读完杂志，务必把它放回到书架上。
replace it on the
bookshelf
terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
【教材原句】 But they are also preparing for the worst： what can we
do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow
happen in real life？
但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在
现实生活中，我们该怎么办？
【用法】
（1）terror n. 惊恐，恐惧
in terror 惊慌地
（2）terrify vt. 使恐惧，使惊吓
terrify sb into doing ... 吓唬某人做……
（3）terrified adj. 害怕的，惊恐的
be terrified of 对……感到惊恐
be terrified at/by/with ... 被……吓了一跳
【佳句】 People fled in terror as fire tore through the building.
大楼里火势迅速蔓延，人们惊慌失措，纷纷逃离。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I still find it （terrify）to find myself surrounded by
large numbers of horses.
②Hearing the loud thunder， the little girl was （terrify）
and dared not go to sleep on her own.
terrifying
terrified
【写美】 补全句子
③她非常害怕这些老鼠，哭喊着跑向她的母亲。
She the rats that she ran crying and screaming to
her mother.
was so terrified of
consist v.组成
【教材原句】 It consisted of a closed space in which people， animals
and plants could live together.
它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。
【佳句】 Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through
failures.
成功在于百折不挠。
【用法】
（1）consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of
由……构成，由……组成
consist in 在于，存在于
consist with 与……一致，与……相吻合
（2）consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；持续的，连续的
be consistent with 与……相一致/吻合
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A medical team， （consist） of five experienced
doctors and ten skillful nurses， was sent there.
②He isn’t a man whose actions aren’t consistent his
promises.
consisting
with
【写美】 补全句子
③人生主要由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐和悲伤存在于奋斗中。
Life mainly happiness and sorrow while happiness and
sorrow struggle.
consists of
consist in
expose v.使暴露（于险境）；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验
【教材原句】 ...we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to
dangerous radiation than Mars.
……我们可以推断出月球受到的危险辐射比火星少。
【用法】
（1）expose ...to ...把……暴露在……，使……接触……
expose oneself to ...接触……；使自己暴露于……
（2）exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的
be exposed to 接触……；暴露于……
（3）exposure n. 暴露
【佳句】 Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very
loud music every day.
年轻人如果每天接触声音很大的音乐，那么他们就可能有变聋的
危险。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Long-time （expose） before screen will do harm to you
mentally and physically.
② （expose） to the sun for a long time， you will get
sunburned.
exposure
Exposed
【写美】 一句多译
③尽可能多地接触英语对你来说是学好英语的好办法。
→ is a good way for
you to learn English well.
→ is a good way for
you to learn English well.
Being exposed to as much English as possible
Exposing yourself to as much English as possible
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：that用作替代词
【教材原句】 The most likely choice is Mars， which is relatively
close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other
planets. 最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他
行星那么恶劣。
【用法】
替代词that， those， it， one， ones， the one， the ones的区别：
（1）that表特指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词或不可数名
词，相当于“the＋单数名词”；
（2）those表特指，代替上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the＋复数
名词”；
（3）it表特指，用来代替上文提到的同一个事物，可替代单数可数
名词或不可数名词；
（4）one表泛指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词，相当于
“a/an＋单数可数名词”；
（5）ones表泛指，代替前面出现的可数名词复数；
（6）the one表特指，代替前面出现的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋
可数名词单数”，后面常有定语修饰；
（7）the ones表特指，代替前面出现的可数名词复数，相当于“the
＋可数名词复数”。
【品悟】 There’s no greater happiness than that of succeeding in
one’s career. 最大的快乐莫过于事业上的成功。
【写美】 微写作
①夏季，北京的天气比南京的天气凉爽得多。
The weather in Beijing in Nanjing in
summer.
②赢得一等奖是一个兴奋的时刻，我永远不会忘记。
Winning the first prize was an exciting moment，
.
③你办公室里的电脑比我们学校里的那些更贵。
The computers in your office are
.
is much cooler than that
one I’ll never
forget
more expensive than those in our
school
④我想买一些苹果，看起来新鲜的苹果。
I want to buy some apples， .
⑤昨天我把伞丢了。我正在找它。
I lost my umbrella yesterday. I’m .
the ones that look fresh
looking for it
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The （火星） probe Tianwen 1 was seen in its first selfie in
space on 1 October 2020.
Mars
2. The （核能的） submarine designer Huang Xuhua was
presented Highest Science and Technology Awards.
3. The Australian government’s official （机构）
confirmed human-driven warming remained the biggest threat to the
reef’s long-term survival.
nuclear
agency
4. They dug up some old toys from the bottom of the （树
干）.
5. From the article we can learn that it was in 1957 that the Soviet Union
launched the first man-made satellite to o the Earth.
trunk
rbit
6. Much of the meaning must be i from the context， so what we
need to do is understand the context perfectly.
7. My mother was w the table with a piece of cloth when I came
back home.
8. He is one of the most excellent a in China and we are proud
of him.
nferred
iping
stronauts
维度二：词形转换
1. Many big cities have equipped their subway stations with a series
of （advance） security devices.
2. This experience is so （terrify） that I regret having
come here with you.
3. It’s said that there is a direct link between long-time
（expose） to the sun and skin cancer.
4. The room is （dust）， so you have to clean it carefully
before moving in.
advanced
terrifying
exposure
dusty
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. I like skiing and （与此同时）， I know it is
very dangerous.
2. Students are provided with breakfast， dinner and either a cooked or
packed lunch which （由……组成） a sandwich， a
drink and a dessert.
3. Neither the teacher nor his students know how to （解
出） the problem.
in the meantime
consists of
work out
4. Distance occurs when friends （与……失去联
系） each other and go in separate directions.
5. One atom bomb can （消灭） thousands of people.
6. （毫无疑问） China is playing a more and
more important role in the international affairs.
7. （脱掉他的外套）， he jumped into the river
to save the drowning child.
8. It will be an hour （警察才能到达）.
lose contact with
wipe out
There is no doubt that
Taking off his coat
before the police arrive
维度四：课文语法填空
Today， environmental problems have become the 1.
（great） risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this
risk， but they are also preparing 2. the worst.One option is
3. （explore） other planets to see if we could live on
them.The most likely choice is Mars， which is 4.
（relative） close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of
other planets.Mars 5. （fascinate） people since
ancient times， and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater
than ever before.Since 6. 1960s， we have been sending
unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
greatest
for
to explore
relatively
has fascinated
the
7. （encourage） by discoveries over the years， space
agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars
that could take place within the next 25 years.There is no doubt
8. humankind is drawn towards Mars， with dreams of making it our second home.However， 9. （send） people there will require all the skill， courage and 10. （intelligent） of the human race.For now， human settlement of Mars is still decades away.Until we are finally able to live on another planet， we need to take much better care of our own.
Encouraged
that
sending
intelligence
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
If humans ever hope to live on Mars， the settlers will need to
produce a series of organic compounds （有机化合物）， from fuels to
drugs， which are too expensive to ship from Earth.
Chemists from the University of California， Berkeley， and
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory （Berkeley Lab） have a plan for
that.
For the past eight years， the researchers have been working on a
system combining bacteria （细菌） and nanowires （纳米线） that can
catch the energy of sunlight to change carbon dioxide （CO2） and water
into building blocks for organic things. Nanowires are thin wires about
one-hundredth the width of a human hair， used as electronic parts， and
also as solar cells.
“On Mars， about 96% of the atmosphere is CO2. Basically， all
you need is these nanowires to take in the solar energy and pass it on to
these bacteria to do the chemistry for you，” said the project leader
Peidong Yang， a professor of chemistry and S. K. and Angela Chan
Distinguished Chair in Energy at the University of California， Berkeley.
“For a deep space task， you care about the weight， and biological
systems have the advantage that they self-reproduce： You don’t need to
send a lot. That’s why this version is highly attractive.”
“The only other requirement， besides sunlight， is water， which
on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies
frozen underground over most of the planet，” said Yang.
It works like photosynthesis （光合作用）， which plants naturally
employ to change CO2 and water into carbon compounds， mostly sugar
and carbohydrates. Plants， however， have a quite low efficiency （效
率）， usually changing less than one-half per cent of solar energy into
carbon compounds. Yang’s system is comparable to the plant that best
changes CO2 to sugar， which is 4%－5% efficient.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以在火星上自己
生产有机化合物的新系统，并分析了它运转的可能性以及它的优
点。
1. What is the function of the new biological system？
A. Reducing air pollution on Mars.
B. Carrying many organic things to Mars.
C. Helping to produce organic compounds on Mars.
D. Making building blocks without sunlight.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以在火星上自己
生产有机化合物的新系统，并分析了它运转的可能性以及它的优
点。
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，人类若想在火星生活，
移民者需要生产从燃料到药物一系列的有机化合物，它们从地球上
运送过去会很昂贵。根据第三段可知，研究人员在研究一种新系
统，该系统可以捕捉阳光的能量，将二氧化碳和水转化为有机物质
的构成要素。综合分析，新生物系统的功能是帮助在火星上生产有
机化合物。
2. Why is the self-reproduction possible on Mars？
A. There’s plenty of CO2， water and sunlight on Mars.
B. Mars is much easier to land than other planets.
C. Spaceship technology has developed a lot.
D. Lots of oxygen is found on Mars.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，火星上存在着
大量的二氧化碳、水和阳光让其自己生产有机物质成为可能。
3. What can we learn about Yang’s system according to the last
paragraph？
A. It doesn’t need carbon dioxide and water.
B. It can be replaced by plants in space.
C. Its efficiency is higher than natural photosynthesis’.
D. It functions based on rules different from photosynthesis.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Plants， however， have
a quite low ...which is 4%－5% efficient.可知，杨的系统的效率比
自然光合作用要高。
4. In which part of a newspaper may this text appear？
A. Life. B. Science.
C. Health. D. Education.
解析： 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了可以在火
星上自己生产有机化合物的新系统，并分析了它运转的可能性以及
它的优点。因此本文应出现在报纸的科学部分。
B
Gharials （恒河鳄） are living along the river banks of India and eat
fish. There was a time when they were plentiful， but that was many years
ago. The population of this animal was estimated to decrease from 10，
000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006， which led to gharials’ being put
in the endangered part on the International Union for Conservation of
Nature’s Red List.
Gharials were in such a condition due to increased fishing in their
living areas — fish were caught in large numbers — gharials sometimes
couldn’t find enough food. Gharials were hunted for their skins， for use
in traditional medicine and so on. Many lost their living places.
Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government
started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary. The next
year， some gharials were put into the Chambal River. Other rivers，
including the Gandaki River， were added. The Gandaki River is a good
place for the gharials because it has sandbanks and wetlands.
Since 2016， nests have been found every year with help from local
farmers and fishermen who then helped to protect gharials. “Members of
the community were trained by experts to watch and help gharials，”said
Samir Kumar Sinha， head of conservation at the Wildlife Trust of India
（WTI）.
A 2018 survey by the WTI recorded more than 160 gharials in the
Gandaki River. The organization also found 20 baby gharials. Now， the
gharials are being found in other parts of India and in parts of Nepal. In
fact， they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50
years. They are still endangered but we are optimistic that the animals will
begin to make a comeback.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。恒河鳄生活在印度的河岸上，以鱼
为食，后来成为濒危物种，文章解释了其背后的原因以及人们为保
护恒河鳄所采取的一些措施。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。恒河鳄生活在印度的河岸上，以鱼
为食，后来成为濒危物种，文章解释了其背后的原因以及人们为保
护恒河鳄所采取的一些措施。
5. What happened to gharials according to the first paragraph？
A. Their number dropped a lot.
B. They lived a much shorter life.
C. They changed their food choice.
D. Their living environment was polluted.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The population of this
animal was estimated to decrease from 10，000 in 1946 to fewer than
250 in 2006可知，恒河鳄的数量从1946年的10，000只减少到2006
年的不足250只。由此可知，恒河鳄的数量减少了很多。
6. What once caused gharials to be endangered？
①Human hunting.
②Fewer living places.
③Being short of food.
④Being hurt by other animals.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④
C. ②③④ D. ①③④
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的due to increased fishing in
their living areas和couldn’t find enough food以及Many lost their
living places.可知，人类捕猎、食物短缺以及生存空间减少导致了
恒河鳄濒临灭绝。
7. What does the information in Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest？
A. Gharials lead a life of adventure.
B. Local people work together to protect gharials.
C. People have to take care of gharials because of orders.
D. Gharials were put into different rivers to attract visitors.
解析： 推理判断题。第三段第一句提到保护工作开始于20世纪
70年代，印度政府建立了国家昌巴尔保护区。第四段提到自2016年
以来，在当地农民和渔民的帮助下，每年都能发现用来保护恒河鳄
的巢穴，并且社区成员接受了专家的培训，以观察和帮助恒河鳄。
由此可知，第三、四段表明了当地人一起努力保护恒河鳄。
8. How is the result of the conservation efforts？
A. It is uncertain. B. It is worrying.
C. It is successful. D. It is unsatisfactory.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段WTI 在2018年的一项调查记
录中所列的数据可知，恒河鳄的数量有所增加，且由最后一句中的
we are optimistic that the animals will begin to make a comeback可推
断，保护工作很成功。
C
Space tourism is the term used to describe space travel for recreational
or leisure purposes. What was once only a dream， as described in A
Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke， is now becoming a reality.
Futurologists attempt to make predictions of what life will be like in
the future. After the first man landed on the moon，they thought that
hotels would be built on the moon by the year 2000. They also considered
the possibility that，in the 21st century， families might go for a holiday
on the moon. Neither of these predictions has come true yet — but the
rapid development of technology may mean these predictions are possible
in the years to come.
Space Adventures is currently the only company to have succeeded in
sending paying passengers into space. It worked with the Russian Federal
Space Agency and Russia’s rocket and space corporation Energia to
provide flights for the world’s first private space explorers. Each paid
over $20 million for their 10-day trip to the International Space Station.
Following successful explorations into space，other companies are
now considering the possibility of enabling tourists to visit space. To make
it affordable，suborbital （亚轨道的） space travel is being considered
by some companies， like Virgin Galactic. Passengers would be
transported to a height of between 100 and 160 km above Earth，
experience 3－6 minutes of weightlessness and a view of the stars before
going back to Earth. This is estimated to cost around 200，000 per
person.
While it could be an enriching experience，there are some terrifying
disadvantages. Many critics say that a huge growth in the spaceflight
industry could drastically speed up the process of global warming. The
ozone layer （臭氧层） would be damaged further and the polar regions
would suffer. In addition， space travel is only really affordable for the
super-rich， though Virgin Galactic claims to be opening space to the rest
of us.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太空旅行发展的可
能性及其可能会带来的问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太空旅行发展的可
能性及其可能会带来的问题。
9. What do you know about space tourism？
A. It is nothing but a dream.
B. It’s only in some fairy tales.
C. It’s a sightseeing tour in space.
D. It’s a scientific expedition.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，太空旅游是用来
描述出于娱乐或休闲目的的太空旅行的术语。由此可知，太空旅行
是一次太空观光之旅。
10. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A. The future life on the moon.
B. Landing on the moon in 1969.
C. Predictions about trips to the moon.
D. The history of the moon exploration.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，未来学家试图预
测未来的生活是什么样子。第一个人登上月球后，他们认为到
2000年月球上会建旅馆。他们还考虑了21世纪在月球上进行家庭
度假的可能性。这两种预测都还没有实现，但技术的快速发展可
能意味着这些预测在未来几年内是可能的。由此可知，本段主要
是关于到月球旅行的预测。
11. Why is suborbital space travel considered possible？
A. It’s cheaper. B. It’s safer.
C. It’s greener. D. It’s more convenient.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，随着
太空探索的成功，其他公司如今正在考虑让游客参观太空的可能
性；为了让人们负担得起，一些公司正在考虑进行亚轨道太空旅
行。由此可知，一些公司考虑亚轨道太空旅行是因为费用更便
宜，人们能负担得起。
12. What is some critics’ major concern about space tourism？
A. Its safety. B. Its expense.
C. Social equality. D. Environmental effect.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句可知，许多批
评家说，航天工业的巨大发展可能会大大加快全球变暖的进程；
臭氧层将被进一步破坏，极地地区将受到影响。由此可知，航天
工业的发展给环境带来很大的影响，这也正是批评家们对于太空
旅行主要担心的问题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Natural disasters are terrifying and come without warning， and this
underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause
deaths of crops or damage to properties without warning. Emergency
management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are
no systems set up for disaster security.
There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here’s
a list of some of them：
1. Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management
office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps. 13
You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each
type of disaster.
2. Each community has its own set of emergency signals. 14
Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency.
3. 15 Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what
should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and
what the responsibilities of each one are， in order to be able to work as a
team.
4. Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one
within the vicinity （附近） of your workplace or home， and one outside
your immediate vicinity. 16 Agree on an emergency telephone that
everyone should try to call.
5. Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid
supplies. 17 Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries.
Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates.
A. Find out what they sound like and what they mean.
B. Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.
C. Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you.
D. Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.
E. Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.
F. Find out any disaster management plan that your community has.
G. This is also the best time to ask what kind of disaster may likely take
place.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你计划应对自然
灾害时所要采取的步骤。
13. G 根据空前一句可知，向当地红十字会或应急管理办公室询问
灾害提醒和应急管理措施；根据空后一句可知，你也可以要求一份每
一种灾难中应该采取的紧急措施的列表。设空处承上启下，G项（这
也是询问可能发生何种灾难的最佳时机）符合语境。G项中的ask是原
词复现，what kind of disaster与空后的each type of disaster相照应。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你计划应对自然
灾害时所要采取的步骤。
14. A 根据空前一句可知，本段主要讲述要对社区的紧急信号有所
了解。A项（弄清楚它们听起来像什么以及它们是什么意思）符合语
境，A项中的they指代空前句中的emergency signals。
15. B 空后提到“包括关于在这种情况下可能会发生什么以及应该
做什么的讨论”可知，空处应提及关键词discuss。B项（讨论不同类
型自然灾害的危害）符合语境。
16. D 上文提到设置一个会面地点，以防发生自然灾害，它应该是
一个在你的工作场所或家附近的地点，一个在你紧邻场所的外面的地
点。因此空处应进一步解释为何选择这样的地点作为集合地点。D项
（当自然灾害发生时，每个人都应该设法到达那里）符合语境。
17. E 根据段落主旨句Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.可知，在准备
灾难应急工具箱时，水和食物应是必需品。E项（准备一些足够用三
天的水和食物）符合语境，其中E项中的Prepare为原词复现。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
秋冬季节，天气十分干燥，极易突发火灾。上周五，你校学生会
组织全校学生参与了“消防安全，人人有责”的消防演习（Fire
Drill）活动。请你写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 报道本次活动的内容；
2. 参与本次活动的收获与感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Fire Safety for Everyone
参考范文：
Fire Safety for Everyone
Last Friday witnessed a meaningful fire drill activity titled “Fire
Safety for Everyone” organized by our school’s Student Union， which
involved all the students with the intention of promoting the awareness of
protecting ourselves and developing the students’ practical skills in
emergency， leaving a deep impression on my memory.
As scheduled， the activity started with a local firefighter’s lecture
on the fire and emergency management. Then， the students watched
some videos about the consequences of the fire destruction， making us
realize the importance of preventing fires. The highlight of the activity，
undoubtedly， was a practical fire drill competition， in which we were
asked to deal with different emergencies rapidly.
The activity greatly won our favor and enabled us understand the
threat of fire destruction.
谢谢观看！
