Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.During the past four years， I have had a good deal of （学术的） experience in communication technology.
2.All the （代表） from around the world claimed Beijing Winter Olympics was a success.
3.The opinions of his （同龄人） are more important to him than his parents’ ideas.
4.A number of （炸弹） have exploded，which attracted the peacekeepers to the spot.
5.They invited many friends and held a party in celebration of their fiftieth wedding （周年纪念日）.
6.By the time you’re 25， you should have a r idea of when you’ll be getting married.
7.A few chickens were scratching around in the yard for g .
8.When we look a bit deeper， problems begin to e immediately.
维度二：词形转换
1.By （collect） activities， they found friendship and warmth.
2.Leading scientists claim breast-fed babies are （intellectual） brighter.
3.The Chinese middle school students return in September for the start of the new （academy） year.
4.Not all the content will be directly relevant to your tastes and in fact some of it will be completely （relevant） to you.
5.The research shows that computer games may cause （aggressive）.
6.The new model is a testament to the skill and （dedicate） of the workforce.
7.We are now engaged in a great and most （glory） cause， never undertaken by our forefathers.
8.The state of the Chinese civilization was equally inviting to an （invade）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.She was so generous that she gave away （一大笔钱） to the school.
2.They need more materials （与……有关） the present question.
3.The soldiers and villagers （与……作斗争） the flood shoulder to shoulder.
4.He worked so hard. （难怪） he has passed the examination.
5. （护士不仅要求提高工资）， but they also want to reduce working hours as well.
维度四：课文语法填空
Due to the aggression of the Japanese army in 1937，Peking University， Tsinghua University and Nankai University 1. （join） together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University to save their educational and intellectual heritage， otherwise 2. （know） as Lianda.
Both professors and students walked more than 2，000 kilometres 3. Japanese bombs falling on the way.Though conditions were little 4. （good） once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China， they were faced with lack of food， books and equipment， and sometimes air attacks.
In spite of the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified 5. the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
6. （drive） by a sense of commitment， a great many joined the army 7. （fight） against the Japanese invaders. One tenth of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters were from Lianda.
Though Lianda is now 8. （physical） gone， it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities because of its prominent professors and 9. （talent） students and its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.More than eighty years later， the priceless 10. （contribute） of Lianda is still valuable.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I am a Canadian artist living in Victoria. My work focuses on peace. My art helps me find answers， or at least deal with some of the worrying realities of the modern day.
My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me. It took a few years before I was able to come to accept that whole experience and work out how to continue to work as an artist.I put my energy into creating natural art facilities that awoke a sense of peace in myself and others. I set up my first project in a large field， using a simple parent-child design. I later did two similar， small works， one in Scotland and the other in Baghdad.
I wanted to create something more permanent （长久的）， however， and so I created the Peace Image in Hudson’s Hope. It can’t be seen very well on the ground these days， because the locals just loved riding over the large piles of dirt. I don’t mind that at all. The Peace Image still turns up well from the air and on Google Maps though.
For more than 50 years now， I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art. In the autumn of 2013， I was encouraged to lead the creation of a Peace Garden art project at Woodwynn Farms in Central Saanich. After everything we had been through， it was such a gift to work closely with my wife， Elizabeth Wellburn， a talented artist. It was and still is a labour of love.
1.What made the author suffer from great pressure？（ ）
A.His lack of enough money.
B.Some worrying realities.
C.The failure of his first project.
D.His strong support for peace.
2.Why did the author create the Peace Image？（ ）
A.To produce a more lasting thing.
B.To raise people’s awareness of peace.
C.To make people remember him.
D.To satisfy local people’s requirements.
3.How does the author feel about his own artistic works？（ ）
A.Doubtful. B.Discouraged.
C.Satisfied. D.Confident.
4.What is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.An Artist Concentrating on Peace Design
B.The Life Story of a Canadian Artist
C.Artistic Works Meaning a Labour of Love
D.An Unforgettable Experience
B
If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity， you cannot do it through texts alone， because only some of the world has ever had texts， while most of the world， for most of the time， has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements， and until fairly recently even many literate （有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects， and some chapters of this book are able to do just that， but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict， at Botany Bay， between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side， we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side， we have only a wooden shield （盾） dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day， the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides， there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted， especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas， all of whom appear in this book， can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made： a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact between literate and non-literate societies such as these， all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted， only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation， we have to read not just the texts， but the objects.
5.What is the first paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
6.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
7.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to？（ ）
A.Problem. B.History.
C.Voice. D.Society.
8.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from？（ ）
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
C
Is war unavoidable？Can war be prevented？
History tells that there were wars， great or small， in every century， in every decade.Throughout the ages， from the Stone Age to the Atomic Age， men have been fighting， first with swords and shields （盾）， then with guns and cannons， and now， hydrogen bombs and missiles are used for military purposes.But， in spite of all these， it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of every one of us.
I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war.If it ever happens， two-thirds of the world and much of the civilisation which men have gained through time， patience and effort will be destroyed.Will then the remaining one-third of the world be able to survive on its own？
Our task now is not to blame the past， but to plan for the future.
If there is peace in the world， men can use their rockets to explore the mystery of space， their submarines to explore the depth of the sea， their missiles to deliver mails and their fine equipment to penetrate （穿透） the jungles of Africa， instead of using them militarily.
Governments can use their money to build more schools， so that more children can be educated to be useful citizens.Scientists can use atomic energy to propel （推动） steamships and planes.They can also design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve the way of living of the people.
How can a peaceful world be achieved？It requires， in my opinion， the understanding and friendship between all people from all nations.Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of colour， race， religion， or national origin.Let the rich support the poor and the strong help the weak.
We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in a day or a month.It may even take decades or centuries.But let us plan and begin now.
9.In the writer’s opinion， .（ ）
A.it is too difficult to achieve peace
B.peace can be won through the efforts of all human beings
C.another world war is inevitable
D.wars will always exist in the world
10.Which word can best describe the writer’s picture of the future of the world？（ ）
A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic.
C.Imaginative. D.Disappointing.
11.What can we infer from the passage？（ ）
A.Wars were not expensive in the past.
B.Wars can promote the development of weapons.
C.Things for military use can be transformed to peaceful use.
D.As long as there are wars， people’s way of living cannot be improved.
12.What’s the best title for this passage？（ ）
A.The Past and the Future
B.To Die or to Survive
C.War and Peace
D.Understanding and Friendship
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Do you know some surprising innovations that came from World War Ⅰ？ Here are some introductions.
Daylight Saving Time
The idea of fiddling （不停摆弄） with the clock has been around since ancient times， but it was not until World WarⅠ that governments around the globe officially adopted daylight saving time. Why？ To save resources such as fuel and extend the workday for the war effort. 13.（ ）， and the Allies followed shortly after. To clear up confusion about the concept， a newspaper used a comic strip to explain the first “spring forward” in the United States in 1918.
Blood Banks
14.（ ）， but doctors barely performed them before World War Ⅰ， when they were accomplished by transfusing blood directly from one person to another. Captain Oswald Robertson， a US Army Reserve doctor consulting with the British army， recognized the need to stock blood before casualties（伤员） emerged.
Hollywood
With so much of Europe in the gunfire， the European film industry had to scale back （缩减） dramatically.15.（ ）. Hollywood was still in its early stage， but its studios soon made fortunes producing wartime movies. The war itself provided material for countless movies in the 1920s and 1930s， including Wings， the winner of the first Academy Awards.
Plastic Surgery
16.（ ）. British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his colleagues performed more than 11，000 operations， mostly on soldiers suffering from facial wounds from gunshots. 17.（ ）.
There were other innovations made during World WarⅠ， such as wristwatches， modern passports， zippers， drones， etc.
A.The Germans did it first in 1916
B.That opened the door for the Americans
C.Blood transfusions （输血） date back to the 1600s
D.Gillies’ operation became successful immediately
E.World War Ⅰ left thousands of men scarred and maimed
F.Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery
G.After World WarⅠ the blood banks appeared in the United States
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校正举办主题为Heroic peacemakers in history的英语征文活动。请你以一位中国的战斗英雄为题写一篇短文，内容包括：
1.人物事迹；
2.人物启示。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.academic 2.representatives 3.peers 4.bombs
5.anniversary 6.rough 7.grain 8.emerge
维度二
1.collective 2.intellectually 3.academic 4.irrelevant
5.aggression 6.dedication 7.glorious 8.invader
维度三
1.a large sum of money
2.relevant to
3.fought against
4.It is no wonder that
5.Not only do the nurses demand a pay rise
维度四
1.joined 2.known 3.with 4.better 5.by 6.Driven 7.to fight 8.physically 9.talented 10.contribution
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个支持和平的艺术家的经历和感受。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me.可知，让作者感到有压力的是他对和平的大力支持。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的I wanted to create something ...in Hudson’s Hope.可知，作者创作Peace Image的原因是想要创造出一件更为长久的作品。
3.C 观点态度题。根据第四段中的For more than 50 years now，I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.可推出，作者对自己的艺术作品是满意的。
4.A 标题归纳题。文章为“总—分—总”结构，第一段点明文章主旨，讲述了作者是一位支持和平的艺术家，再结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了这位艺术家在维护和平方面的经历和感受。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。
5.A 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。因为文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载对他们重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知，库克船长的记录是片面的。
7.B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的a history told through things gives them back a voice和本段最后两句可知，only one half of a dialogue与other half of that conversation呼应，共同构成更客观的历史全貌。由此可知，conversation指的是历史。
8.C 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故本文最可能选自《100件实物中的世界历史》。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够防范战争的问题。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of every one of us可知，在作者看来，和平可以通过全人类的努力来赢得。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第四至六段内容可知，作者设想在将来，人类将武器和资源用于改善人民的生活，因而“乐观”一词可以最好地描述作者想象的画面。
11.C 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，军事设备可用于和平用途。
12.C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了防范战争的可能性以及为了和平我们该怎么办。因此C项（战争与和平）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在第一次世界大战期间出现的新事物，如夏令时、血库、好莱坞以及整形手术等。
13.A 空后提到：协约国很快也采用了夏令时。A项（德国人在1916年率先采用了夏令时）与下文衔接紧密，且都在描述一战时的情况，符合语境。
14.C 空后的连词but表转折，且提到在一战之前医生们很少给病人输血。C项（输血起始于17世纪）与but后内容形成转折关系，符合语境。
15.B 空前提到：由于很多欧洲国家处于战火之中，欧洲电影业的规模也急剧缩减。B项（那给美国人打开了大门）与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。
16.E 空后提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的士兵。E项（第一次世界大战让许多士兵留下伤疤、落下残疾）引出下文，符合语境。
17.F 空前提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的士兵。F项（Gillies作为现代整形外科手术之父而出名）与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
Qiu Shaoyun， a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the early 1950s， displayed extraordinary heroism in the Korean War when he chose to endure fatal burns to protect his comrades.
Qiu sacrificed his life for the revolutionary cause at the young age of 26， and his spirit was immortalized.His story reminds us that the cost of war is immense and that the preservation of peace is something everyone should strive for. As we admire his courage and loyalty， we are inspired to cherish peace and go for a harmonious world.
1 / 3Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION①， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically② referred to their academic③ struggles as④ being like “war”.However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely symbolic⑤.[1]Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense⑥ challenges.
In 1937， the aggression⑦ of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities： Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied⑧ by Japanese troops，[2]while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing⑨.To save their educational and intellectual⑩ heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University， otherwise known as Lianda.
[1]as引导原因状语从句。
[2]while连接的并列句，while意为“而，然而”，表示对比两种事物。
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres， most of them on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky， often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China.They had to live in rough buildings， packed 40 to a room， like sardines.There were dire shortages of food， books， and equipment.Furthermore， classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， [3]it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.[4]It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.[5]Driven by a sense of commitment ， a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact， Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda， including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
【读文清障】
①passion n.强烈情感，激情
②romantically adv.浪漫地
romantic adj.浪漫的
③academic adj.学术的
④refer to ...as ...
把……称为……
⑤symbolic adj.象征性的
symbol n.象征
⑥immense adj.巨大的
⑦aggression n.侵略
aggressive adj.侵略性的，好斗的
⑧occupy v.占领，占据
⑨bomb v.轰炸
⑩intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的
intellectual heritage 知识遗产
associated adj.联合的
epic adj.漫长而艰难的
a distance of ... ……的距离
light up 照亮，点亮
conditions n.条件，环境
condition n.[U] 状况，状态
rough adj.简单的；粗糙的
dire adj.极其严重的
dire shortages of
严重短缺……
disrupt v.扰乱
disruption n.扰乱
daunting adj.吓人的，使人气馁的
guard v. 保护，保卫，看守
n. 警卫，看守
fortify v.激励，加强
emerge v.出现
emergence n.出现，兴起
lay the foundation for
为……奠定基础
hold down 按压，压住
shirk v.逃避
commitment n.献身，奉献
a great many 许多（人），大量
resist v.抵制，抵抗
resistance n.抵抗
resistant adj.有抵抗力的
invader n.侵略者，侵略军
invade v.侵略
invasion n.侵略
serve as 担任，担当
depict v.描述，描写
peer n.同龄人；同辈
[3]本句为强调句，强调地点状语right in this place，时间状语over a period of eight long years作插入语，还包含了not only ...but （also） ...句型。
[4]本句真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语；if not most为省略句。
[5]句中Driven by a sense of commitment是过去分词短语作原因状语，and连接两个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语。
Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees.
A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication .In 2017， representatives from Peking University， Tsinghua University， Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
More than eighty years on， the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation， with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era .
physically adv.实物地，有形地
prominent adj.著名的，杰出的
perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
dedication n.奉献
representative n.代表
anniversary n.周年纪念日
collective adj.集体的；共同的
era n.时代，年代
【参考译文】
联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。然而，对他们中的大多数人来说，“战争”一词纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，简称联大。
这三所大学的教授和学生们完成了一次长达2，000多千米的漫长而艰辛的行程，他们中的大部分人都是徒步完成的。他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。到了中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40个人像沙丁鱼一样挤在一间屋子里，食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，因此上课时间往往在上午10点前和下午4点后。
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。他还记得在一间窗户没有玻璃的临时教室里学习。“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。
国家正处于战争状态，联大的学生们不会逃避他们的责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，联大输送的学生士兵的数量是中国所有校园中最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，有十分之一的人来自联大，其中包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查良铮后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献：
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风，
没有人知道历史曾在此走过，
留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不复存在。但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。2017年，北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大建校80周年。
尽管已经历经80多年，联大做出的无价贡献仍值得重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，联大精神更是描绘了现代中国所有大学的蓝图。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the function of Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.To lead to the topic.
B.To summarize the whole passage.
C.To set an example.
D.To explain the word “war”.
2.What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A.Brave. B.Impressive.
C.Long and difficult. D.Large.
3.Why are Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao mentioned in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.To introduce they are China’s leading scholars and scientists.
B.To explain why they have made achievements at Lianda.
C.To show the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified.
D.To stress they have suffered hardships.
4.Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities？（ ）
A.Because of a product of the war.
B.Because of its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
C.Because of its collective memory.
D.Because of the honour of the nation.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is the main idea of the passage？
2.What do you learn from the passage？
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
句式分析 despite构成的介词短语作 ；it was ...that ...为 ，强调了地点状语right in this place；not only ...but （also） ...连接了guarded和fortified。
自主翻译
2.It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
句式分析 that引导的 从句为真正的主语，it作 。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
refer to ...as ...把……称为……；把……叫作……
【教材原句】 Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”.
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。
【用法】
（1）refer to 提到；参考，查阅；指的是
（2）reference n. 提及；参考；查阅
reference book 参考书；工具书
【佳句】 Spring Festival is referred to as an occasion when families get together in China.
在中国，春节被认为是家人团聚的日子。
【点津】 （1）refer的过去式和过去分词均为referred，动词-ing形式为referring。
（2）在表示“查阅”时，refer to 后多接参考资料，如refer to the dictionary； look up后多接查阅的内容，如look up a new word in the dictionary。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①You can refer to a dictionary if necessary.
②She referred to the subject several times during her speech.
③When I said some people were lazy， I wasn’t referring to you.
④This （refer） book is easily accessible to beginners.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤They always a book worm because I am addicted to reading.
他们总是说我是书虫，因为我沉迷于阅读。
lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
【教材原句】 “Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.
“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。
【用法】
lay aside 把……放在一边
lay off 停止；解雇
lay out 布置，安排，设计
lay down 放下；制定（条例或原则）
【佳句】 What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for our future.
我们在学校正学习的课程将为我们的将来打下基础。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When the boss told him he would be laid ， his mind went blank.
②The brochure is beautifully laid and illustrated.
【写美】 补全句子
③It is important for us all to .
对我们所有人来说，抛开偏见是很重要的。
hold down 按压；压住，压低
【教材原句】 “On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，”he said.
“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。
【用法】
hold on 坚持；（打电话时用语）别挂断
hold on to 紧紧抓住
hold back 阻碍，克制，隐瞒
hold out 坚持；维持；伸出
hold up 举起；支撑；耽搁
【佳句】 He took a dictionary to hold down the test papers for fear that they might be blown away by the wind.
他拿了本词典压住试卷，以防被风吹走。
【练透】 用hold的相关短语填空
①When he left the telephone to find a pen， he asked me to .
②He tried to for higher pay by rejecting signature to the contract.
【写美】 补全句子
③ ， the man and began to blow the horn loudly.
由于交通阻塞，那个人按捺不住怒气，开始大声按喇叭。
fight against 与……抗争
【教材原句】 In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
1937年，杨（靖宇）成为东北抗日联军领导人，并与日本侵略者进行游击战。
【用法】
fight for 为……而斗争
fight with 与……一起战斗（奋斗）
fight back 还击，抑制住（尤指情感）
fight off 抵抗；击退
fight with sb about/over sth 跟某人争辩某事
【佳句】 In the Second World War，Britain fought against Germany with France.
在第二次世界大战中，英国与法国联合抗击德国。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I hope they continue to fight equal justice after I’m gone.
②I will not stay behind. I will fight you to rescue him.
【写美】 补全句子
③I stood still there with a lump in my throat and tried to .
我静静地站在那里，喉咙哽咽，拼命想忍住眼泪。
lack vt.缺乏 n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西
【教材原句】 In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups ...
20世纪40年代初，面对物资严重缺乏，杨（靖宇）决定让他的人分小组突围……
【用法】
（1）lack sth 缺乏/少某物（没有被动语态）
lack for 需要，需求
（2）（a） lack of ... 缺乏……
for lack of 因缺乏……
（3）lacking adj. 缺少的（不可置于名词前）
be lacking in sth 缺少某物
【点津】 lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语，常与in连用。
【写美】 一句多译
由于缺乏烹饪经验，这对双胞胎把厨房弄得乱七八糟。
→ ， the twins made the kitchen in a mess.（lack n.）
→Because ， the twins made the kitchen in a mess.（lack v.）
break through 突破；冲破（障碍）；（在某领域）有进展或突破
【教材原句】 ...Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups ...
……杨（靖宇）决定让他的人分小组突围……
【用法】
break down （机器）出故障；（身体）垮掉；（化学）分解；（谈判等）失败
break up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束；分手；放假
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话等）
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；发生
【佳句】 Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
科学家认为他们在抗击癌症方面开始有所突破。
【练透】 用break的相关短语填空
①The peace talks with no agreement reached.
②I locked myself out of our apartment and had to .
③Seeing the troops cross the country， he drew a conclusion that a war would soon.
【写美】 补全句子
④Nowadays many farmers want to and make a living in cities.
现在许多农民都不愿务农，想到城里谋生。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：not only ...but also ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】 ...that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
……国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
【用法】
（1）not only ...but also ...常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。
（2）not only ...but also ...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，not only后的分句要用部分倒装，but also后的分句不倒装。
【品悟】 Through the exhibition，not only can you admire wonderful pictures， but you can also understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better.
通过展览，您不仅可以欣赏到精彩的画面，还可以更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①我加入篮球队，从中我不但了解了团队合作的重要性，还增强了我的体质。
I join the basketball team， where I strengthen my body.
②不仅学生们而且他们的老师也很喜欢这部电影。
Not only the students but also their teacher a lot.
③Oceans not only provide abundant resources and food for us， but they are also crucial for the global climate development.
→ ， but they are also crucial for the global climate development. （倒装句）
句型公式：It is＋名词＋that从句
【教材原句】 It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda ...
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身……
【用法】
本句中含有“It is＋名词＋that从句（常用的名词为a pity， an honour， a shame， no wonder等）”结构。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。常见的句型还有：
（1）It＋be＋形容词＋that从句（用于此句型的形容词有wonderful，important，useless，surprising， certain， necessary等）
（2）It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句（常用的过去分词有announced， believed， expected， hoped， reported， decided， said， shown等）
（3）It＋不及物动词（seem， appear， happen等）＋that从句
（4）It is time that sb did/should do sth 该是某人做某事的时候了
【品悟】 It is a shame that he should have failed the exam.
他竟然没通过考试，太可惜了！
【写美】 微写作
①由于旅游有这些优势，难怪旅游如今在中国越来越受欢迎。（演讲稿）
With these advantages of travel， travel has now become more and more popular in China.
②据估算，去年至少有470人失去了工作。（投稿）
at least 470 people lost their jobs last year.
③为了充分发挥你的潜力，充分利用我们学校的资源是很重要的。
To fully realize your potential， .
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.What is real war 2.Lianda 3.conditions 4.contributions 5.glory
第二步
1－4 ACCB
第三步
1.It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
2.We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步
1.让步状语 强调句
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
2.主语 形式主语
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①参考 ②提及 ③指的是 ④reference ⑤refer to me as
2.①off ②out ③lay aside our prejudices
3.①hold on ②hold out ③Having been held up by the traffic； couldn’t hold back his anger
4.①for ②with ③fight back tears
5.For lack of cooking experience； they lacked cooking experience
6.①broke down ②break in ③break out ④break away from farming
重点句型解构
1.①not only learn the importance of teamwork but also
②likes the film ③Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us
2.①it is no wonder that ②It has been calculated that
③it is important that you make the most of our school resources
10 / 10(共111张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION①， BELIEF AND
COMMITMENT
Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather
romantically② referred to their academic③ struggles as④ being like
“war”.However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely
symbolic⑤.[1]Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and
immense⑥ challenges.
In 1937， the aggression⑦ of the Japanese army brought disaster to
China’s three great universities： Peking University and Tsinghua
University were occupied⑧ by Japanese troops，[2]while Nankai
University was completely destroyed by bombing⑨.To save their
educational and intellectual⑩ heritage， the three universities joined
together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University，
otherwise known as Lianda.
[1]as引导原因状语从句。
[2]while连接的并列句，while意为“而，然而”，表示对比两种
事物。
【读文清障】
①passion n.强烈情感，激情
②romantically adv.浪漫地
romantic adj.浪漫的
③academic adj.学术的
④refer to ...as ... 把……称为……
⑤symbolic adj.象征性的
symbol n.象征
⑥immense adj.巨大的
⑦aggression n.侵略
aggressive adj.侵略性的，好斗的
⑧occupy v.占领，占据
⑨bomb v.轰炸
⑩intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的
intellectual heritage 知识遗产
associated adj.联合的
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic
journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres， most of them
on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky，
often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better
once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of
China.They had to live in rough buildings， packed 40 to a room， like
sardines.There were dire shortages of food， books， and
equipment.Furthermore， classes were frequently disrupted due to
fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting
challenges， [3]it was right in this place， over a period of eight long
years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but
fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of
Lianda.[4]It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading
scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel
Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda
laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang
recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no
glass in the windows.“On windy days， we had to hold down the paper
on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk
their duty.[5]Driven by a sense of commitment ， a great many joined
the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the
nation. In fact， Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers
from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all
over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda，
including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu
Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a
poem：
[3]本句为强调句，强调地点状语right in this place，时间状语
over a period of eight long years作插入语，还包含了not only ...but
（also） ...句型。
[4]本句真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语；if not
most为省略句。
[5]句中Driven by a sense of commitment是过去分词短语作原因
状语，and连接两个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语。
epic adj.漫长而艰难的
a distance of ... ……的距离
light up 照亮，点亮
conditions n.条件，环境
condition n.[U] 状况，状态
rough adj.简单的；粗糙的
dire adj.极其严重的
dire shortages of 严重短缺……
disrupt v.扰乱
disruption n.扰乱
daunting adj.吓人的，使人气馁的
guard v. 保护，保卫，看守
n. 警卫，看守
fortify v.激励，加强
emerge v.出现
emergence n.出现，兴起
lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
hold down 按压，压住
shirk v.逃避
commitment n.献身，奉献
a great many 许多（人），大量
resist v.抵制，抵抗
resistance n.抵抗
resistant adj.有抵抗力的
invader n.侵略者，侵略军
invade v.侵略
invasion n.侵略
serve as 担任，担当
depict v.描述，描写
peer n.同龄人；同辈
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees.
A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone.But it has
become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only
because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also
because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication
.In 2017， representatives from Peking University， Tsinghua
University， Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered
to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
More than eighty years on， the priceless contribution of Lianda still
needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of
the Chinese nation， with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in
China in the modern era .
physically adv.实物地，有形地
prominent adj.著名的，杰出的
perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
dedication n.奉献
representative n.代表
anniversary n.周年纪念日
collective adj.集体的；共同的
era n.时代，年代
【参考译文】
联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们
的学术之争比喻为“战争”。然而，对他们中的大多数人来说，“战
争”一词纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带
来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京
大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保
护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合
大学，简称联大。
这三所大学的教授和学生们完成了一次长达2，000多千米的漫长
而艰辛的行程，他们中的大部分人都是徒步完成的。他们以尘土飞扬
的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。到了
中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。他们不得不住在简陋
的房子里，40个人像沙丁鱼一样挤在一间屋子里，食物、书籍和设备
严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，因此上课时间往
往在上午10点前和下午4点后。
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过
八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，
这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。难怪即使不是大多数，
但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔
奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠
定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。他还记得在一间窗户没有玻璃的临时教
室里学习。“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸
就会被风吹走。”他说。
国家正处于战争状态，联大的学生们不会逃避他们的责任。在献
身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事
实上，联大输送的学生士兵的数量是中国所有校园中最多的。在来自
全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，有十分之一的人来自联大，其
中包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查良铮后来在一首诗中描述了
他的同龄人所做的贡献：
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风，
没有人知道历史曾在此走过，
留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不复存在。但它已经成为中国现
代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学
生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。2017年，北京大学、清
华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大
建校80周年。
尽管已经历经80多年，联大做出的无价贡献仍值得重申。它已成
为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，联大精神更是描绘了现代中国所有大
学的蓝图。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What is the function of Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. To lead to the topic.
B. To summarize the whole passage.
C. To set an example.
D. To explain the word “war”.
2. What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A. Brave. B. Impressive.
C. Long and difficult. D. Large.
3. Why are Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao mentioned in Paragraph 4？
（ ）
A. To introduce they are China’s leading scholars and scientists.
B. To explain why they have made achievements at Lianda.
C. To show the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but
fortified.
D. To stress they have suffered hardships.
4. Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China’s modern
universities？（ ）
A. Because of a product of the war.
B. Because of its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
C. Because of its collective memory.
D. Because of the honour of the nation.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What is the main idea of the passage？
2. What do you learn from the passage？
It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great
contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from
Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1. However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting
challenges， it was right in this place， over a period of eight long
years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but
fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
句式分析 despite构成的介词短语作 ；it
was ...that ...为 ，强调了地点状语right in this place；
not only ...but （also） ...连接了guarded和fortified。
自主翻译
让步状语
强调句
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个
地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还
得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
2. It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars
and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-
winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
句式分析 that引导的 从句为真正的主语，it作
。
自主翻译
主语
形式主
语
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和
科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和
李政道。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
refer to ...as ...把……称为……；把……叫作……
【教材原句】 Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have
often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like
“war”.
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学
术之争比喻为“战争”。
【用法】
（1）refer to 提到；参考，查阅；指的是
（2）reference n. 提及；参考；查阅
reference book 参考书；工具书
【佳句】 Spring Festival is referred to as an occasion when families
get together in China.
在中国，春节被认为是家人团聚的日子。
【点津】 （1）refer的过去式和过去分词均为referred，动词-ing形式
为referring。
（2）在表示“查阅”时，refer to 后多接参考资料，如refer to the
dictionary； look up后多接查阅的内容，如look up a new word in
the dictionary。
【练透】语境辨义/单句语法填空
①You can refer to a dictionary if necessary.
②She referred to the subject several times during her speech.
③When I said some people were lazy， I wasn’t referring to you.
④This （refer） book is easily accessible to beginners.
参考
提及
指的是
reference
【写美】 补全句子
⑤They always a book worm because I am addicted to
reading.
他们总是说我是书虫，因为我沉迷于阅读。
refer to me as
lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
【教材原句】 “Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I
have made，” Yang recalled.
“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。
【用法】
lay aside 把……放在一边
lay off 停止；解雇
lay out 布置，安排，设计
lay down 放下；制定（条例或原则）
【佳句】 What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for
our future.
我们在学校正学习的课程将为我们的将来打下基础。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When the boss told him he would be laid ， his mind went
blank.
②The brochure is beautifully laid and illustrated.
off
out
【写美】 补全句子
③It is important for us all to .
对我们所有人来说，抛开偏见是很重要的。
lay aside our prejudices
hold down 按压；压住，压低
【教材原句】 “On windy days， we had to hold down the
paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，”he
said.“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就
会被风吹走。”他说。
【用法】
hold on 坚持；（打电话时用语）别挂断
hold on to 紧紧抓住
hold back 阻碍，克制，隐瞒
hold out 坚持；维持；伸出
hold up 举起；支撑；耽搁
【佳句】 He took a dictionary to hold down the test papers for fear that
they might be blown away by the wind.
他拿了本词典压住试卷，以防被风吹走。
【练透】 用hold的相关短语填空
①When he left the telephone to find a pen，he asked me to .
②He tried to for higher pay by rejecting signature to the
contract.
hold on
hold out
【写美】 补全句子
③ ， the man
and began to blow the horn loudly.
由于交通阻塞，那个人按捺不住怒气，开始大声按喇叭。
Having been held up by the traffic
couldn’t hold
back his anger
fight against 与……抗争
【教材原句】 In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-
Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese
invaders.
1937年，杨（靖宇）成为东北抗日联军领导人，并与日本侵略者进行
游击战。
【用法】
fight for 为……而斗争
fight with 与……一起战斗（奋斗）
fight back 还击，抑制住（尤指情感）
fight off 抵抗；击退
fight with sb about/over sth 跟某人争辩某事
【佳句】 In the Second World War，Britain fought against Germany
with France.
在第二次世界大战中，英国与法国联合抗击德国。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I hope they continue to fight equal justice after I’m gone.
②I will not stay behind. I will fight you to rescue him.
for
with
【写美】 补全句子
③I stood still there with a lump in my throat and tried to
.
我静静地站在那里，喉咙哽咽，拼命想忍住眼泪。
fight back
tears
lack vt.缺乏 n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西
【教材原句】 In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang
decided to let his men break through in small groups ...
20世纪40年代初，面对物资严重缺乏，杨（靖宇）决定让他的人分小
组突围……
【用法】
（1）lack sth 缺乏/少某物（没有被动语态）
lack for 需要，需求
（2）（a） lack of ... 缺乏……
for lack of 因缺乏……
（3）lacking adj. 缺少的（不可置于名词前）
be lacking in sth 缺少某物
【点津】 lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语，常与
in连用。
【写美】 一句多译
由于缺乏烹饪经验，这对双胞胎把厨房弄得乱七八糟。
→ ， the twins made the kitchen in a
mess.（lack n.）
→Because ， the twins made the
kitchen in a mess.（lack v.）
For lack of cooking experience
they lacked cooking experience
break through 突破；冲破（障碍）；（在某领域）有进展或突破
【教材原句】 ...Yang decided to let his men break through in small
groups ...
……杨（靖宇）决定让他的人分小组突围……
【用法】
break down （机器）出故障；（身体）垮掉；（化学）分解；
（谈判等）失败
break up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束；分手；放假
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话等）
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；发生
【佳句】 Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the
fight against cancer.
科学家认为他们在抗击癌症方面开始有所突破。
【练透】 用break的相关短语填空
①The peace talks with no agreement reached.
②I locked myself out of our apartment and had to .
③Seeing the troops cross the country， he drew a conclusion that a war
would soon.
broke down
break in
break out
【写美】 补全句子
④Nowadays many farmers want to and
make a living in cities.
现在许多农民都不愿务农，想到城里谋生。
break away from farming
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：not only ...but also ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】 ...that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only
guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics
of Lianda.
……国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于
联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
【用法】
（1）not only ...but also ...常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓
语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also
可以省略。
（2）not only ...but also ...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循
“就近一致”原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，not only
后的分句要用部分倒装，but also后的分句不倒装。
【品悟】 Through the exhibition，not only can you admire wonderful
pictures， but you can also understand the art of traditional Chinese
painting better.
通过展览，您不仅可以欣赏到精彩的画面，还可以更好地了解中国传
统绘画艺术。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①我加入篮球队，从中我不但了解了团队合作的重要性，还增强了我
的体质。
I join the basketball team， where I
strengthen my body.
②不仅学生们而且他们的老师也很喜欢这部电影。
Not only the students but also their teacher a lot.
not only learn the importance of
teamwork but also
likes the film
③Oceans not only provide abundant resources and food for us， but they
are also crucial for the global climate development.
→ ，
but they are also crucial for the global climate development. （倒装句）
Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us
句型公式：It is＋名词＋that从句
【教材原句】 It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s
leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda ...难怪即使不是大多
数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身……
【用法】
本句中含有“It is＋名词＋that从句（常用的名词为a pity， an
honour， a shame， no wonder等）”结构。it是形式主语，真正的主
语是后面的that从句。常见的句型还有：
（1）It＋be＋形容词＋that从句（用于此句型的形容词有wonderful，
important，useless，surprising， certain， necessary等）
（2）It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句（常用的过去分词有announced，
believed， expected， hoped， reported， decided， said， shown等）
（3）It＋不及物动词（seem， appear， happen等）＋that从句
（4）It is time that sb did/should do sth 该是某人做某事的时候了
【品悟】 It is a shame that he should have failed the exam.他竟然没
通过考试，太可惜了！
【写美】 微写作
①由于旅游有这些优势，难怪旅游如今在中国越来越受欢迎。
（演讲稿）
With these advantages of travel， travel has now
become more and more popular in China.
②据估算，去年至少有470人失去了工作。（投稿）
at least 470 people lost their jobs last year.
③为了充分发挥你的潜力，充分利用我们学校的资源是很重要的。
To fully realize your potential，
.
it is no wonder that
It has been calculated that
it is important that you make the most
of our school resources
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. During the past four years， I have had a good deal of
（学术的） experience in communication technology.
2. All the （代表） from around the world claimed
Beijing Winter Olympics was a success.
3. The opinions of his （同龄人） are more important to him
than his parents’ ideas.
academic
representatives
peers
4. A number of （炸弹） have exploded，which attracted the
peacekeepers to the spot.
5. They invited many friends and held a party in celebration of their
fiftieth wedding （周年纪念日）.
6. By the time you’re 25， you should have a r idea of when
you’ll be getting married.
7. A few chickens were scratching around in the yard for g .
8. When we look a bit deeper， problems begin to e
immediately.
bombs
anniversary
ough
rain
merge
维度二：词形转换
1. By （collect） activities， they found friendship and
warmth.
2. Leading scientists claim breast-fed babies are
（intellectual） brighter.
3. The Chinese middle school students return in September for the start of
the new （academy） year.
4. Not all the content will be directly relevant to your tastes and in fact
some of it will be completely （relevant） to you.
collective
intellectually
academic
irrelevant
5. The research shows that computer games may cause
（aggressive）.
6. The new model is a testament to the skill and
（dedicate） of the workforce.
7. We are now engaged in a great and most （glory）
cause， never undertaken by our forefathers.
8. The state of the Chinese civilization was equally inviting to
an （invade）.
aggression
dedication
glorious
invader
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. She was so generous that she gave away
（一大笔钱） to the school.
2. They need more materials （与……有关） the present
question.
3. The soldiers and villagers （与……作斗争） the
flood shoulder to shoulder.
4. He worked so hard. （难怪） he has passed
the examination.
5. （护士不仅要求提高工
资）， but they also want to reduce working hours as well.
a large sum of money
relevant to
fought against
It is no wonder that
Not only do the nurses demand a pay rise
维度四：课文语法填空
Due to the aggression of the Japanese army in 1937，Peking
University， Tsinghua University and Nankai University 1.
（join） together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated
University to save their educational and intellectual heritage， otherwise
2. （know） as Lianda.
joined
known
Both professors and students walked more than 2，000 kilometres
3. Japanese bombs falling on the way.Though conditions were
little 4. （good） once they reached the remote and
mountainous south-west part of China， they were faced with lack of
food， books and equipment， and sometimes air attacks.
In spite of the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， the
nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified 5.
the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
with
better
by
6. （drive） by a sense of commitment， a great many joined
the army 7. （fight） against the Japanese invaders. One
tenth of the thousands of college students from all over China who
served as interpreters were from Lianda.
Driven
to fight
Though Lianda is now 8. （physical） gone， it
has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities
because of its prominent professors and 9. （talent）
students and its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.More than
eighty years later， the priceless 10. （contribute）
of Lianda is still valuable.
physically
talented
contribution
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I am a Canadian artist living in Victoria. My work focuses on peace.
My art helps me find answers， or at least deal with some of the worrying
realities of the modern day.
My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my
family and me. It took a few years before I was able to come to accept that
whole experience and work out how to continue to work as an artist.I put
my energy into creating natural art facilities that awoke a sense of peace in
myself and others. I set up my first project in a large field， using a
simple parent-child design. I later did two similar， small works， one in
Scotland and the other in Baghdad.
I wanted to create something more permanent （长久的），
however， and so I created the Peace Image in Hudson’s Hope. It
can’t be seen very well on the ground these days， because the locals just
loved riding over the large piles of dirt. I don’t mind that at all. The
Peace Image still turns up well from the air and on Google Maps though.
For more than 50 years now， I’ve felt pleased to be able to express
myself through my art. In the autumn of 2013， I was encouraged to lead
the creation of a Peace Garden art project at Woodwynn Farms in Central
Saanich. After everything we had been through， it was such a gift to
work closely with my wife， Elizabeth Wellburn， a talented artist. It was
and still is a labour of love.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个支持
和平的艺术家的经历和感受。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个支持
和平的艺术家的经历和感受。
1. What made the author suffer from great pressure？（ ）
A. His lack of enough money.
B. Some worrying realities.
C. The failure of his first project.
D. His strong support for peace.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的My trips to Baghdad
standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me.可知，让
作者感到有压力的是他对和平的大力支持。
2. Why did the author create the Peace Image？（ ）
A. To produce a more lasting thing.
B. To raise people’s awareness of peace.
C. To make people remember him.
D. To satisfy local people’s requirements.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的I wanted to create
something ...in Hudson’s Hope.可知，作者创作Peace Image的原
因是想要创造出一件更为长久的作品。
3. How does the author feel about his own artistic works？（ ）
A. Doubtful. B. Discouraged.
C. Satisfied. D. Confident.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第四段中的For more than 50 years
now，I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.可
推出，作者对自己的艺术作品是满意的。
4. What is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A. An Artist Concentrating on Peace Design
B. The Life Story of a Canadian Artist
C. Artistic Works Meaning a Labour of Love
D. An Unforgettable Experience
解析： 标题归纳题。文章为“总—分—总”结构，第一段点明
文章主旨，讲述了作者是一位支持和平的艺术家，再结合下文内容
可知，本文主要讲述了这位艺术家在维护和平方面的经历和感受。
B
If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does
not privilege one part of humanity， you cannot do it through texts
alone， because only some of the world has ever had texts， while most of
the world， for most of the time， has not. Writing is one of humanity’s
later achievements， and until fairly recently even many literate （有文字
的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects， and some
chapters of this book are able to do just that， but in many cases we simply
can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate
history is perhaps the first conflict， at Botany Bay， between Captain
Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side，
we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.
From the Australian side， we have only a wooden shield （盾） dropped
by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to
reconstruct what was actually going on that day， the shield must be
questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides，
there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted， especially when
only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino， the
Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas， all
of whom appear in this book， can speak to us now of their past
achievements most powerfully through the objects they made： a history
told through things gives them back a voice.
When we consider contact between literate and non-literate societies such
as these， all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted， only one
half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation，
we have to read not just the texts， but the objects.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字
记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历
史。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字
记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历
史。
5. What is the first paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果你想讲述整个
世界的历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。因为文字是人类的后期成果之
一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载
对他们重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实
物来呈现。
6. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in
Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. His report was scientific.
B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay.
D. His record was one-sided.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知，
库克船长的记录是片面的。
7. What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer
to？（ ）
A. Problem. B. History.
C. Voice. D. Society.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的a history told through things
gives them back a voice和本段最后两句可知，only one half of a
dialogue与other half of that conversation呼应，共同构成更客观的历
史全貌。由此可知，conversation指的是历史。
8. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from？
（ ）
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
解析： 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述的重点是强
调历史实物考证的重要性，故本文最可能选自《100件实物中的世
界历史》。
C
Is war unavoidable？Can war be prevented？
History tells that there were wars， great or small， in every
century， in every decade.Throughout the ages， from the Stone Age to
the Atomic Age， men have been fighting， first with swords and shields
（盾）， then with guns and cannons， and now， hydrogen bombs and
missiles are used for military purposes.But， in spite of all these， it is
still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it
requires the effort of every one of us.
I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war.If it
ever happens， two-thirds of the world and much of the civilisation which
men have gained through time， patience and effort will be
destroyed.Will then the remaining one-third of the world be able to survive
on its own？
Our task now is not to blame the past， but to plan for the future.
If there is peace in the world， men can use their rockets to explore
the mystery of space， their submarines to explore the depth of the sea，
their missiles to deliver mails and their fine equipment to penetrate （穿
透） the jungles of Africa， instead of using them militarily.
Governments can use their money to build more schools， so that
more children can be educated to be useful citizens.Scientists can use
atomic energy to propel （推动） steamships and planes.They can also
design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve
the way of living of the people.
How can a peaceful world be achieved？It requires， in my
opinion， the understanding and friendship between all people from all
nations.Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of colour， race，
religion， or national origin.Let the rich support the poor and the strong
help the weak.
We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in
a day or a month.It may even take decades or centuries.But let us plan and
begin now.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够防范
战争的问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够防范
战争的问题。
9. In the writer’s opinion， .（ ）
A. it is too difficult to achieve peace
B. peace can be won through the efforts of all human beings
C. another world war is inevitable
D. wars will always exist in the world
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的it is still my belief that war
can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of
every one of us可知，在作者看来，和平可以通过全人类的努力来
赢得。
10. Which word can best describe the writer’s picture of the future of the
world？（ ）
A. Optimistic. B. Pessimistic.
C. Imaginative. D. Disappointing.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四至六段内容可知，作者设想在
将来，人类将武器和资源用于改善人民的生活，因而“乐观”一
词可以最好地描述作者想象的画面。
11. What can we infer from the passage？（ ）
A. Wars were not expensive in the past.
B. Wars can promote the development of weapons.
C. Things for military use can be transformed to peaceful use.
D. As long as there are wars， people’s way of living cannot be
improved.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，军事设备可用于
和平用途。
12. What’s the best title for this passage？（ ）
A. The Past and the Future
B. To Die or to Survive
C. War and Peace
D. Understanding and Friendship
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了防范战
争的可能性以及为了和平我们该怎么办。因此C项（战争与和
平）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Do you know some surprising innovations that came from World War
Ⅰ？ Here are some introductions.
Daylight Saving Time
The idea of fiddling （不停摆弄） with the clock has been around
since ancient times， but it was not until World WarⅠ that governments
around the globe officially adopted daylight saving time. Why？ To save
resources such as fuel and extend the workday for the war effort. 13.
（ ）， and the Allies followed shortly after. To clear up confusion
about the concept， a newspaper used a comic strip to explain the first
“spring forward” in the United States in 1918.
Blood Banks
14. （ ）， but doctors barely performed them before World War
Ⅰ， when they were accomplished by transfusing blood directly from one
person to another. Captain Oswald Robertson， a US Army Reserve
doctor consulting with the British army， recognized the need to stock
blood before casualties（伤员） emerged.
Hollywood
With so much of Europe in the gunfire， the European film industry
had to scale back （缩减） dramatically.15.（ ）. Hollywood was
still in its early stage， but its studios soon made fortunes producing
wartime movies. The war itself provided material for countless movies in
the 1920s and 1930s， including Wings， the winner of the first Academy
Awards.
Plastic Surgery
16. （ ）. British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his
colleagues performed more than 11，000 operations， mostly on soldiers
suffering from facial wounds from gunshots. 17.（ ）.
There were other innovations made during World WarⅠ， such as
wristwatches， modern passports， zippers， drones， etc.
A. The Germans did it first in 1916
B. That opened the door for the Americans
C. Blood transfusions （输血） date back to the 1600s
D. Gillies’ operation became successful immediately
E. World War Ⅰ left thousands of men scarred and maimed
F. Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery
G. After World WarⅠ the blood banks appeared in the United States
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在第一次世界
大战期间出现的新事物，如夏令时、血库、好莱坞以及整形手术
等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在第一次世界
大战期间出现的新事物，如夏令时、血库、好莱坞以及整形手术
等。
13. A 空后提到：协约国很快也采用了夏令时。A项（德国人在1916
年率先采用了夏令时）与下文衔接紧密，且都在描述一战时的情况，
符合语境。
14. C 空后的连词but表转折，且提到在一战之前医生们很少给
病人输血。C项（输血起始于17世纪）与but后内容形成转折关
系，符合语境。
15. B 空前提到：由于很多欧洲国家处于战火之中，欧洲电影业的
规模也急剧缩减。B项（那给美国人打开了大门）与上文形成因果关
系，符合语境。
16. E 空后提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战
争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的
士兵。E项（第一次世界大战让许多士兵留下伤疤、落下残疾）引出
下文，符合语境。
17. F 空前提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战
争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的
士兵。F项（Gillies作为现代整形外科手术之父而出名）与上文形成因
果关系，符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校正举办主题为Heroic peacemakers in history的英语征文活动。
请你以一位中国的战斗英雄为题写一篇短文，内容包括：
1. 人物事迹；
2. 人物启示。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Qiu Shaoyun， a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the
early 1950s， displayed extraordinary heroism in the Korean War when he
chose to endure fatal burns to protect his comrades.
Qiu sacrificed his life for the revolutionary cause at the young age of
26， and his spirit was immortalized.His story reminds us that the cost of
war is immense and that the preservation of peace is something everyone
should strive for. As we admire his courage and loyalty， we are inspired
to cherish peace and go for a harmonious world.
谢谢观看！
