Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in （农村的） areas.
2.Everyone should be entitled to a （相当好的） standard of living.
3.Nick （获得） admission to become a member of the club last year.
4.In some countries， the more respect you want to show， the deeper you should （鞠躬）.
5.A small town in New Zealand has announced an unusual plan to ban （家养的） cats.
6.She was （不情愿的） to admit she was wrong.
7.As we all know， blue represents freedom， p and peace.
8.The president stated that all foreign forces would w as soon as the crisis ended.
9.I can’t e his ability without seeing his work.
10.We have to r ourselves to the reality since we can do nothing.
维度二：词形转换
1.Calmly and （deliberate）， she cut up his suits one by one.
2.White also appeals due to its association with innocence and （pure）.
3. （superficial）， they are on good terms with each other， but actually they hold widely divergent opinions on some issues.
4.For many such families， getting a child into university was the （fulfill） of a lifelong dream.
5.Emmeline was an （influence） woman activist， who helped British women get the right to vote.
6.So absorbed were we in being with them that we didn’t realize it was time for （depart）.
7.The government’s （reject） of the plans is a setback for us.
8.We need to carry out a proper （evaluate） of the new system.
9.Plant breeders declared it to be one of the （botany） finds of the century.
10.This standard is easily （attain） by most students.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.We （反对） killing animals and hope that nobody will buy animal fur products.
2. （作为……的回报） your help， I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.
3.He is not easy to get along with， and I never （和他在一起感到自在）.
4.This is （同我上周丢失的那支钢笔一样）.
5.For fear of being laughed at， Tom has decided to （退出） the competition.
6.She was not a woman who （听任） fate， so she gained respect from others.
7.You can’t control what happens but you can control your （对……的反应） it.
8.Boys often overestimate their abilities （而女孩缺乏自信）.
维度四：课文语法填空
Although separated in time by nearly 1，500 years， both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1. （share） an intense respect for nature.Feeling conflicted over life at court， in 405， Tao quit the service of the court for good， 2. （express） his unhappiness in his poems， finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.3. （similar）， Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way， focusing on 4. （him） and his writing.While they did not treat nature in quite the same way， their 5. （work） show its beauty and value.Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6. （pure） of the wild areas around him.The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life.On 7. other hand， Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper，8. we do.We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts.During their times， it took great courage 9. （reject） the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature.Nowadays， their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10. want personal well-being and fulfilment.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·湖北荆州八县高二上期末）Each year， my kindergarten students in Armour， South Dakota， learn to identify hundreds of birds by sight and more than 50 species by their song or call.It started out simply enough.Bird-watching is my hobby， so about six years ago， I started sharing my love for birds with my students.I’ve always felt like it’s important to get kids outside and away from so many screens， and I consider this doing my part.And guess what？ They absolutely love it！
Kindergartners are pretty amazing at identifying birds， especially by their songs.I find that younger children are naturally tuned into nature and have great curiosity about it.This became quite obvious once I began teaching about birds.You wouldn’t believe how easily these 5-year-olds learn to identify different species.
With every year that I’ve done this， the kids immediately get hooked.Then we have this common passion to share and build on it throughout the year.I’ve found that my students’ love of birds is a great way to get them more interested in writing， reading and story problems in maths.
So how do I do it？ With identification （识别）， I use a flash-card approach.We also use a Bird Bingo game that the kids love.Then I introduce one or two bird songs a day.Learning about bird songs is a lot like learning a foreign language.It teaches students to think in a different way by learning to recognize different sounds.The best part is that it makes them more aware of nature and which birds are in their area.
If you want to try teaching bird songs to your students， I’d suggest starting with the common backyard birds.Check out the All About Birds website， where you can look up the species， find photos and even play the bird songs right there！
1.What inspired the author to start teaching kindergartners about birds？（ ）
A.His love for bird-watching.
B.The science teaching standards.
C.The students’ curiosity about nature.
D.The students’ talent in identifying birds.
2.How did the author feel about his students’ speed of learning to identify birds？（ ）
A.Annoyed. B.Amazed.
C.Disappointed. D.Discouraged.
3.What does the underlined word “hooked” in Paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A.Interested. B.Challenged.
C.Encouraged. D.Praised.
4.How does the author teach kindergartners to learn to identify different bird species？（ ）
A.By listening to bird songs.
B.By studying bird photos on a website.
C.Through writing and reading exercises.
D.Through flash cards and a Bird Bingo game.
B
（2024·广东广州高二上期末）One old-school gardening belief is that it is inadvisable — even risky — to have plants in the bedroom.This centers around the claim that while plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day， at night this is reversed （相反）， so they compete with us for the very air we breathe while asleep.
Indoor air quality is indeed affected by CO2 build-up， which has proven health implications， providing a clear basis for concern.However， assessing whether sharing our bedroom with plants truly jeopardizes our health involves three key considerations.
Firstly， how much CO2 do plants release at night compared with what they absorb in the day？ This proves complex due to varying factors like species， light exposure， and room temperature and the research on the precise measurements is pretty thin on the ground.Thankfully， a 2015 study found that sizeable houseplants enclosed in glass boxes manage to absorb six to eight times as much CO2 in the day as they give off at night， creating a pretty significant net reduction over a 24-hour period.
Secondly， it’s essential to compare the nighttime impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors， such as your roommates.A single human breath contains roughly 40，000 ppm of CO2， over 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours.Consequently， it might be wiser to kick out your roommates before your plants.
Finally， and this may seem apparent， our living spaces differ from the controlled environments in research studies.Indoor air is constantly being exchanged naturally through openings like doors and windows， and human movement.A recent review suggests that reproducing the air-refreshing impact of an open window would require between 100 and 1，000 plants per square meter of floor space， considering plants’ pollution-removing abilities.
So enjoy houseplants whenever you like， because， frankly， if sleeping near plants were bad for your health， camping in a forest would be positively deadly.
5.What does the underlined word “jeopardizes” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（ ）
A.Threatens. B.Changes.
C.Improves. D.Suspends.
6.What does the author think of having plants in the bedroom？（ ）
A.It is a health risk that requires immediate action.
B.It is a dangerous practice that should be avoided.
C.It is not as concerning as believed and can be enjoyed.
D.It is beneficial only if proper air exchanging is ensured.
7.How does the author illustrate the nighttime impact of bedroom plants？（ ）
A.By citing examples.
B.By giving definitions.
C.By quoting researches.
D.By making comparisons.
8.Why does the author mention camping in a forest at the end of the passage？（ ）
A.To highlight the risks of sleeping outdoors.
B.To suggest that sleeping near plants is dangerous.
C.To promote forest camping as a healthy alternative.
D.To emphasize the safety of having plants in the bedroom.
C
（2024·广西南宁高二上期末）Despite heavy illegal hunting of rhinos， South Africa’s Kruger National Park is still a natural paradise.One of the largest remaining lion populations in Africa lives there.Yet there is something the local animals fear even more than the big cats.
Liana Zanette of Western University in Ontario and her colleagues were able to show that animals react most strongly to human voices and flee in response.For their experiment， the team placed camera traps and loudspeakers at water holes in the national park， which allowed the researchers to influence and record the behavior of a total of 19 mammal species.They played the animals sounds of normal conversations of humans in four South African languages， dogs barking， gunshots and lion sounds.
The study group found that animals were twice as likely to flee and vacated an area faster when they heard human voices than when they heard lions or gunshots.This was true for 95 per cent of the animal species observed， including giraffes， leopards， hyenas， zebras， kudu， warthogs， impalas and rhinos.Only elephants were significantly more likely to run from lions than from humans.
The same was true of the time that animals spent at water holes： they usually stayed longer when lion sounds were played to them than when human voices were heard.Wild dogs， leopards and buffalo were the only animals who stayed at water holes longer when they heard humans， and the difference was not statistically significant for these species.“There is a notion that animals get used to humans when they are not being hunted.But we’ve shown that’s not the case，” Clinchy says.“Fear of humans is deeply rooted and common， so we need to seriously address it for conservation reasons.”
The team is now investigating whether its customized sound systems can be used to help endangered species， such as the southern white rhino， away from known poaching （偷猎） areas in South Africa.Initial tests of keeping rhinos away from such areas through the use of human voices have been successful.
9.What can we know about South Africa’s Kruger National Park？（ ）
A.Rhinos are effectively protected in the park.
B.Lions are the biggest threat for local animals.
C.Human voices cause fear in the local wildlife.
D.It is a natural paradise without illegal hunting.
10.What does the underlined word “vacated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（ ）
A.Occupied. B.Left.
C.Encountered. D.Filled.
11.What did researchers find about animals’ reaction to different sounds？（ ）
A.Elephants are more afraid of humans than lions.
B.Giraffes react most strongly to lions or gunshots.
C.Rhinos were more likely to run from lions than gunshots.
D.Wild dogs stayed at water holes longer when hearing humans.
12.What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Human Voices： a Surprising Deep-rooted Fear in Wildlife
B.Lions： the Primary Source of Threat for the Local Animals
C.Lion Sounds： the Potential Use for Wildlife Protection
D.Humans： the Impact on Decreasing Rhino Population
Ⅱ.应用文写作
（2024·重庆高二上期末）假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Johnson给你发来邮件，询问你最钦佩的科学家是谁。请你用英语给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1.对钦佩对象的简介；
2.钦佩他/她的原因；
3.他/她对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Johnson，
Best regards，
Li Hua
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.rural 2.decent 3.attained 4.bow 5.domestic
6.reluctant 7.purity 8.withdraw 9.evaluate 10.resign
维度二
1.deliberately 2.purity 3.Superficially 4.fulfilment
5.influential 6.departure 7.rejection 8.evaluation
9.botanical 10.attainable
维度三
1.are opposed to
2.In return for
3.feel at ease with him
4.the same pen as I lost last week
5.withdraw from
6.resigned herself to
7.reaction to
8.while girls lack confidence
维度四
1.shared 2.expressing 3.Similarly 4.himself 5.works
6.purity 7.the 8.as 9.to reject 10.who
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。来自南达科他州阿默尔的一位幼儿园老师通过教授学生识别和了解鸟类来激发学生对大自然的兴趣。通过教授鸟类知识，学生在写作、阅读和数学问题方面也获得了提高。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Bird-watching is my hobby， so about six years ago， I started sharing my love for birds with my students.可知，作者对鸟类观察的兴趣激发了他开始教授幼儿园学生关于鸟类的知识。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，幼儿园的孩子们在识别鸟类方面的能力相当惊人，即作者对学生们快速学习识别鸟类的能力感到惊讶。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的Then we have this common passion to share and build on it throughout the year.可知，孩子们和作者一样，对鸟有着共同的激情，即对鸟是感兴趣的。由此推断，画线词与interested同义。
4.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的With identification（识别）， I use a flash-card approach.We also use a Bird Bingo game that the kids love.可知，作者通过使用闪卡和Bird Bingo游戏的方式来教学生识别不同的鸟类。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者从三个方面说明了在卧室养植物是安全的。
5.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，一种观点认为在卧室种植物很危险，它在晚上与我们竞争我们睡觉时呼吸的空气，画线词所在句意为“然而，要评估与植物共用卧室是否真的会危害我们的健康，需要考虑三个关键因素”。jeopardizes意为“危害”。
6.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的So enjoy houseplants whenever you like可知，作者认为在卧室养植物不像人们想象的那样令人担忧，可以享受。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第四段前两句可知，作者是通过作比较来说明夜间植物对空气质量的影响。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者提到在森林露营是为了强调在卧室养植物的安全性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，人类的声音对野生动物来说是根深蒂固的恐惧。
9.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Liana Zanette of Western University in Ontario and her colleagues were able to show that animals react most strongly to human voices and flee in response.可知，研究表明，人类的声音引起当地野生动物的恐惧。
10.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的The study group found that animals were twice as likely to flee and可知，画线词与flee意义相近，从而推知，画线词意为“离开，逃离”。
11.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Wild dogs， leopards and buffalo were ... not statistically significant for these species.可知，关于动物对不同声音的反应，研究人员发现野狗在听到人类声音时在水坑里待的时间更长。
12.A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项研究发现：人类的声音对野生动物来说是根深蒂固的恐惧。A项（人类的声音：在野生动物中是令人惊讶的根深蒂固的恐惧）为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
Dear Johnson，
I hope this email finds you well.You asked about the person I admire the most， and I would like to share with you my admiration for Yuan Longping.
Yuan Longping， often referred to as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”， is a famous Chinese agricultural scientist.His groundbreaking work in developing high-yield hybrid rice has revolutionized global agriculture， helping to feed countless people around the world.
Yuan Longping’s work has influenced me by highlighting the importance of perseverance and making a meaningful difference in the world.His dedication to solving global issues has motivated me to explore how I can contribute to positive change in my own field of interest.
Best regards，
Li Hua
5 / 5Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Back to Nature
Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets， but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America.[1]Superficially①， these two men， whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1，500 years， were polar② opposites.And yet they shared an intense③ respect for nature， which made them each an influential figure④ of their time⑤.
[1]whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词these two men； Superficially为副词作状语。
Both men made dramatic transformations⑥ to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.As an official⑦ in the Eastern Jin Dynasty， Tao felt conflicted⑧ over life at court⑨.[2]In 405， he quit⑩ the service of the court for good， expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.He spent the next 22 years until his death， working the land in a poor， rural area.[3]From his poetry， we can learn that although his life was arduous， he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
[2]expressing ...为动词-ing形式作状语；that引导同位语从句。
[3]that引导宾语从句，在此从句中包含although引导的让步状语从句。
[4]While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to ， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.He had a decent quality of life， but he wanted to live in a simpler way.For two years， two months and two days， he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond， focusing on himself and his writing.He explained his reason for doing so in Walden：“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately ， to front only the essential facts of life.” Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life， seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
[4]While意为“却；但是；而”，用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的区别，此处作者用对比的方法介绍了两位诗人回归田园生活的不同初衷。
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way， their works show its beauty and value.Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages， in other words， rural，and his animals are domestic ones， such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life：
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village，
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane，
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.
Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.[5]Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena ， he recorded his detailed findings in his journals .[6]Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper ， as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts， as he describes in his journals：
Live in each season as it passes； breathe the air， drink the drink， taste the fruit， and resign yourself to the influences of each.Let them be your only diet， drink and botanical medicines.
[5]Devoting himself to ...为动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[6]that引导宾语从句，作convince的宾语；as引导方式状语从句。
【读文清障】
①superficially adv.表面（上）地
superficial adj.表面的
②polar adj.完全相反的，截然对立的
③intense adj.很大的，强烈的
④figure n.人物
⑤time n.时期，时代
⑥transformation n.转变，改观
transform v.转变
⑦official n.官员 adj.官方的；公务的
officially adv.官方地；正式地
⑧conflicted adj.矛盾的
⑨court n.王宫，宫廷
⑩quit v.离开，离任
bow v.鞠躬
in return for作为对……的回报
in turn反过来
rural adj.农村的，乡村的
succeed in doing sth成功做成某事
reaction to对……的反应
be opposed to反对
decent adj.可接受的，相当好的
cottage n.乡村小屋
deliberately adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地
deliberate adj.从容不迫的；故意的
withdraw v.退出
domestic adj.驯养的；家养的
depressive adj.抑郁的
depress v.使沮丧
depression n.沮丧，压抑
emphasise v.强调
purity n.纯洁；洁净
pure adj.纯洁的，纯净的
devote oneself to献身于
devotion to献身于
phenomenon n.现象
journal n.刊物，杂志；日记
convince v.说服；使相信
convince sb of sth 说服某人某事
prosper v.繁荣，兴旺
prosperous adj.繁荣的，兴旺的
[7]It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature， as both Tao and Thoreau did.Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.In today’s modern world， their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
[7]本句中的the easy and familiar为“the＋形容词”结构，构成名词，表示一类人或事物；It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to reject ...；as引导方式状语从句。
considerable adj.相当多的，相当大的
reject v.拒绝接受
reflective adj.沉思的，深思的
ease n.舒适，悠闲
at ease with不拘束，放松
well-being n.健康，安乐
【参考译文】
回归大自然
陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人，但是一位生活在古代中国，另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
为了重归自然，两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员，但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活，但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天，他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因：“我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄，换句话说，是田园。他的动物们都是家养的，比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判：
暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。
梭罗在描述自然时，重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样：
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活，物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court？（ ）
A.Because he was an influential figure of their day.
B.Because he felt conflicted over life at court.
C.Because he wanted to work the land.
D.Because he liked living in a rural area.
2.How did Thoreau feel about his life in the forest？（ ）
A.Pleased. B.Puzzled.
C.Disappointed. D.Bored.
3.What did Thoreau describe in his writings？（ ）
A.Fields and villages.
B.Chickens and dogs.
C.Animals and plants.
D.Mountains and rivers.
4.According to passage， what does the author want people to do？（ ）
A.To live a life in the countryside.
B.To attain personal well-being and fulfilment.
C.To live with as much material as we can.
D.To live a free life.
5.What should we do if we want to attain personal well-being and fulfilment？（ ）
A.Live closer to nature.
B.Increase material desires.
C.Walk a lot in the forest.
D.Share a respect for nature.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.How do you understand the poem by Tao in the text？
2.What lesson do you learn from Tao Yuanming and Thoreau？
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.Superficially，these two men， whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1，500 years， were polar opposites.
句式分析 本句主干为these two men were polar opposites。Superficially为副词作 ；whose引导 从句，修饰先行词these two men。
自主翻译
2.In 405， he quit the service of the court for good，expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.
句式分析 expressing ...为动词-ing形式作 ；that引导 从句。
自主翻译
3.From his poetry，we can learn that although his life was arduous，he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导 从句，其中含有although引导的 从句。and连接并列的状语in its simplicity和in drawing pleasure from nature。
自主翻译
4.Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper， as we do.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导 从句；to live and prosper为动词不定式作 ；as引导 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
in return for 作为对……的回报
【教材原句】 ...he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.
……他“不为五斗米折腰”。
【用法】
（1）in return 作为报答/回报/交换
（2）in turn 反过来
by turns 交替；轮流
in one’s turn 轮到某人
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
【佳句】 I will work hard in return for the trust they have placed in me.
我会努力工作以回报他们给予我的信任。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Theory is based on practice and turn serves practice.
②I wish I could do something for you return.
【写美】 补全句子
③He wanted to do something her kindness.
他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。
reaction to 对……的反应
【教材原句】 While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
【用法】
（1）reaction n. 反应；回应
in reaction to 作为对……的反应
（2）react v. 反应；应答，起作用；起反应
react against 反对；反抗
react on/upon 对……起作用，有影响
react with 与……反应
react to 对……作出反应/起反应
【佳句】 Their reaction to the joke is to laugh.
他们对这个笑话的反应是笑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①They react many metals to form a salt and give off hydrogen.
②He reacted strongly the artistic conventions of his time.
【写美】 一句多译
③你认为他会对这个坏消息作何反应？
→How do you think ？ （react）
→What do you think ？ （reaction）
withdraw v.退出；撤离；撤回；收回；提取
【教材原句】 Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life ...
两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退……
【用法】
（1）withdraw from 从……退出/撤回
withdraw sth from sth 从……中提取……
withdraw one’s eyes from
把视线从……移开（不再看……）
withdraw a remark 收回发言
（2）withdrawal n. 收回；撤回；撤退；取款
withdrawn adj. 沉默寡言的；内向的
【佳句】 Just at that time， the wolf might feel the threats from the people， starting to withdraw.
就在那时，狼可能感觉到来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。
【点津】 withdraw的过去式和过去分词均为不规则形式，它们分别是withdrew， withdrawn。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①The product was withdrawn from the market on safety grounds.
②The people in the buildings withdrew in time in the big fire.
③The general has ordered a partial （withdraw） of troops from the area.
④Following her failure at work， she became quiet and （withdraw） and rarely went out.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤After half an hour or so， he received a call and quietly.
大约过了半个小时，他接了一个电话，然后悄悄地退出了会议。
resign v.使自己顺从于（做）某事；安于；辞职；辞去（工作、职位等）
【教材原句】 Live in each season as it passes； breathe the air， drink the drink， taste the fruit， and resign yourself to the influences of each.
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。
【用法】
resign one’s post/position 辞去职务
resign oneself to （doing） sth听任/顺从/只好接受（做）某事
resign ...to ... 把……托付给……
resign from ... 从……辞职
【佳句】 I finally resigned myself to going to Mexico with him even though I didn’t want to.
我最终还是接受和他一起去墨西哥，尽管我不想去。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①More and more parents resign their children their grandparents at home while working in the city.
②After he resigned the post， he was dedicated to helping the disabled.
【写美】 补全句子
③Although I was very tired， I didn’t want to .
虽然我很累，但我不想中途放弃。
at ease with 不拘束，放松
【教材原句】 In today’s modern world， their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
【用法】
ease n.舒适，悠闲v.减轻（痛苦、忧虑）；缓和
take one’s ease 使某人放松一下
at ease 舒适；自由自在
put sb at ease 使某人感到轻松自在
feel at ease 感到心情放松
with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地
ease sb of sth 减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等）
【佳句】 I felt at ease with my new school life half a month later.
半个月后，我适应了新的学校生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①How could we feel ease while you refuse to take anything from us？
②The ease which she learns languages is astonishing.
③His mind was ease when he knew that his wife and children were safe.
【写美】 补全句子
④Soon， his warm， bright smile .
很快，他温暖、灿烂的笑容使我放松下来。
evaluate v.评估，评价
【教材原句】 A comparative essay compares， contrasts and evaluates two or more topics.
比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。
【用法】
（1）evaluate sb on/by 根据……评价某人
evaluate ...as ... 把……评价为……
（2）evaluation n. 评估，评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
an evaluation of the health care system 对医疗制度的评价
【佳句】 It’s impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research methods employed.
如果不能对使用的研究方法有更多了解，就不可能对其结果作出评价。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We evaluated his performance outstanding among his peers.
②Before you make a decision， you need to evaluate us our technique.
【写美】 一句多译
③我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
→We must caused by the fire.（evaluate）
→We must caused by the fire.（evaluation）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：while用作并列连词，连接并列句
【教材原句】 While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
【用法】
句中while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比，常用来连接两个并列分句。
（1）while引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句往往位于主句之前。
（2）while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候”，从句谓语往往用进行时态。
【品悟】 Some people are trying hard to make their dreams come true， while some are wasting their time.
有些人在努力实现自己的梦想，而有些人却在浪费时间。
【写美】 微写作
①姑娘们又唱又跳，而露西一个人静静地坐在角落里。（动作描写）
The girls sang and danced .
②当我妈妈和我在购物的时候，我们遇到了我的老师，他提到学校没有音乐老师来帮助我们班为冬季博览会组织表演。
， we ran into my teacher， who mentioned that the school didn’t have a music teacher to help our class organize a performance for Winter Fair.
句型公式：as引导定语从句
【教材原句】 We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts， as he describes in his journals ...
我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样……
【用法】
句中as引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，意为“正如，像”。
（1）as 引导非限制性定语从句的用法：
①as指代整个主句的内容，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，可放在句首、句末或句
中；which引导定语从句指代整个主句的内容时，只能位于句末。
②先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用as 不用which，从句谓语通常为be known， be said， be reported， be mentioned等；
③as常用于这些习惯用语中：as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as we all know众所周知；as is often the case情况常常如此；as is expected 正如预料的那样。
（2）as还可以引导限制性定语从句，先行词前通常有as， so， such， the same等修饰语。
【品悟】 Thanksgiving day has been an international festival， as we know.
正如我们所知道的那样，感恩节已经成为一个国际性的节日。
【写美】 微写作
①像往常一样，在比赛结束很久之后，观众还在继续庆祝自己球队的胜利。（动作描写）
， the spectators continued celebrating their team’s victory long after the match was over.
②众所周知，词汇是语言的一个重要部分，就像一座楼的砖块。（投稿）
， vocabulary is an important part of the language， just like bricks of a building.
③正如上面提到的，在中国大多数高中，对武术感兴趣的学生人数正在增加。（告知信）
， the number of the students who are interested in wushu is increasing in most high schools in China.
④你最好让孩子们读那些能使他们更好、更聪明的书。（建议信）
You’d better let the children read such books .
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.conflicted 2.reaction 3.peaceful 4.transformations 5.withdraw 6.beauty 7.convince
第二步
1－5 BACBA
第三步
1.The first sentence describes a beautiful scene of the dusk.The village is so far away that it looks fuzzy and the smoke rises gently and slowly.The scenery described in the sentence gives people a sense of peace and serenity， as if the world is not disturbed by any force.
The second sentence makes this beautiful rural painting come to life all of a sudden.Instead of writing about the songs of birds and insects， the poet wrote a very common song and bark of chickens and dogs， because the sound of chickens and dogs is the most characteristic of rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.It properly shows the life atmosphere of the countryside， and does not damage the peaceful mood at all.
2.Though we live in modern times， it isn’t possible for us to go back to nature to live a life as they do， what we should know is that it is urgent for humans to live with nature in harmony now， because we humans have already paid price for treating nature badly， such as global warming， floods， hurricanes， etc， which can be considered a sign that nature warns us.
第四步
1.状语 定语
表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。
2.状语 同位语
公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
3.宾语 让步状语
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
4.宾语 定语 方式状语
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in ②in ③in return for
2.①with ②against ③he will react to the bad news； his reaction to the bad news will be
3.①退出 ②撤离 ③withdrawal ④withdrawn ⑤withdrew from the meeting
4.①to ②from ③resign myself to giving up halfway
5.①at ②with ③at ④put me at ease
6.①as ②on/by ③evaluate the consequences； make an evaluation of the consequences
重点句型解构
1.①while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone ②While my mom and I were shopping
2.①As is often the case ②As we all know ③As is mentioned above ④as will make them better and cleverer
11 / 11(共116张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Back to Nature
Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets， but one
lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century
America.[1]Superficially①， these two men， whose lives were
separated in time by nearly 1，500 years， were polar② opposites.And
yet they shared an intense③ respect for nature， which made them each an
influential figure④ of their time⑤.
[1]whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词these two men；
Superficially为副词作状语。
【读文清障】
①superficially adv.表面（上）地
superficial adj.表面的
②polar adj.完全相反的，截然对立的
③intense adj.很大的，强烈的
④figure n.人物
⑤time n.时期，时代
Both men made dramatic transformations⑥ to their lives in order to
reconnect with nature.As an official⑦ in the Eastern Jin Dynasty， Tao
felt conflicted⑧ over life at court⑨.[2]In 405， he quit⑩ the service of the
court for good， expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he
would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.He
spent the next 22 years until his death， working the land in a poor， rural
area.[3]From his poetry， we can learn that although his life was
arduous， he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in
drawing pleasure from nature.
[2]expressing ...为动词-ing形式作状语；that引导同位语从句。
[3]that引导宾语从句，在此从句中包含although引导的让步状语
从句。
⑥transformation n.转变，改观
transform v.转变
⑦official n.官员 adj.官方的；公务的
officially adv.官方地；正式地
⑧conflicted adj.矛盾的
⑨court n.王宫，宫廷
⑩quit v.离开，离任
bow v.鞠躬
in return for作为对……的回报
in turn反过来
rural adj.农村的，乡村的
succeed in doing sth成功做成某事
[4]While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he
was opposed to ， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the
way he lived.He had a decent quality of life， but he wanted to live in a
simpler way.For two years， two months and two days， he lived in a
cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond， focusing on himself
and his writing.He explained his reason for doing so in Walden：“I went
to the woods because I wished to live deliberately ， to front only the
essential facts of life.” Both men were happy to withdraw from
contemporary life， seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the
quietness of their lives.
[4]While意为“却；但是；而”，用于强调两种情况、活动等
之间的区别，此处作者用对比的方法介绍了两位诗人回归田园生活
的不同初衷。
reaction to对……的反应
be opposed to反对
decent adj.可接受的，相当好的
cottage n.乡村小屋
deliberately adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地
deliberate adj.从容不迫的；故意的
withdraw v.退出
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same
way， their works show its beauty and value.Tao’s nature is a place of
fields and villages， in other words， rural，and his animals are domestic
ones， such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote
about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life：
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village，
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane，
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.
Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity
of the wild areas around him.[5]Devoting himself to observations of
the natural phenomena ， he recorded his detailed findings in his journals
.[6]Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and
plants had a right to live and prosper ， as we do. We should live with
them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts， as he describes in his
journals：
Live in each season as it passes； breathe the air， drink the drink，
taste the fruit， and resign yourself to the influences of each.Let them be
your only diet， drink and botanical medicines.
[5]Devoting himself to ...为动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[6]that引导宾语从句，作convince的宾语；as引导方式状语
从句。
domestic adj.驯养的；家养的
depressive adj.抑郁的
depress v.使沮丧
depression n.沮丧，压抑
emphasise v.强调
purity n.纯洁；洁净
pure adj.纯洁的，纯净的
devote oneself to献身于
devotion to献身于
phenomenon n.现象
journal n.刊物，杂志；日记
convince v.说服；使相信
convince sb of sth 说服某人某事
prosper v.繁荣，兴旺
prosperous adj.繁荣的，兴旺的
[7]It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar
and instead try to live closer to nature， as both Tao and Thoreau
did.Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer
material desires.In today’s modern world， their ideas about living
simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to
attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
[7]本句中的the easy and familiar为“the＋形容词”结构，构成
名词，表示一类人或事物；It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式
短语to reject ...；as引导方式状语从句。
considerable adj.相当多的，相当大的
reject v.拒绝接受
reflective adj.沉思的，深思的
ease n.舒适，悠闲
at ease with不拘束，放松
well-being n.健康，安乐
【参考译文】
回归大自然
陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人，但是一位生活在古代中国，
另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时
代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这
使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
为了重归自然，两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东
晋的官员，但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞
去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不
为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田
野，生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰
苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得
了乐趣。
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而
梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面
的生活，但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天，他住在瓦尔登
湖边森林里的一间小屋里，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中
解释了这样做的原因：“我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只
面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，
在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了
自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄，换句话说，是田
园。他的动物们都是家养的，比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生
活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判：
暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。
梭罗在描述自然时，重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全
身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存
和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如
他在日记中描述的那样：
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，
尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近
大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而
沉思的生活，物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界，他们关于
简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸
福和满足感更近一步。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly
and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court？（ ）
A. Because he was an influential figure of their day.
B. Because he felt conflicted over life at court.
C. Because he wanted to work the land.
D. Because he liked living in a rural area.
2. How did Thoreau feel about his life in the forest？（ ）
A. Pleased. B. Puzzled.
C. Disappointed. D. Bored.
3. What did Thoreau describe in his writings？（ ）
A. Fields and villages.
B. Chickens and dogs.
C. Animals and plants.
D. Mountains and rivers.
4. According to passage， what does the author want people to do？
（ ）
A. To live a life in the countryside.
B. To attain personal well-being and fulfilment.
C. To live with as much material as we can.
D. To live a free life.
5. What should we do if we want to attain personal well-being and
fulfilment？（ ）
A. Live closer to nature.
B. Increase material desires.
C. Walk a lot in the forest.
D. Share a respect for nature.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. How do you understand the poem by Tao in the text？
The first sentence describes a beautiful scene of the dusk.The village
is so far away that it looks fuzzy and the smoke rises gently and
slowly.The scenery described in the sentence gives people a sense of
peace and serenity， as if the world is not disturbed by any force.
The second sentence makes this beautiful rural painting come to life
all of a sudden.Instead of writing about the songs of birds and insects，
the poet wrote a very common song and bark of chickens and dogs，
because the sound of chickens and dogs is the most characteristic of
rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole
picture.It properly shows the life atmosphere of the countryside， and
does not damage the peaceful mood at all.
2. What lesson do you learn from Tao Yuanming and Thoreau？
Though we live in modern times， it isn’t possible for us to go back
to nature to live a life as they do， what we should know is that it is
urgent for humans to live with nature in harmony now， because we
humans have already paid price for treating nature badly， such as
global warming， floods， hurricanes， etc， which can be considered
a sign that nature warns us.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1. Superficially，these two men， whose lives were separated in time by
nearly 1，500 years， were polar opposites.
句式分析 本句主干为these two men were polar opposites。
Superficially为副词作 ；whose引导 从句，修饰先
行词these two men。
自主翻译
状语
定语
表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千
五百年，迥然不同。
2. In 405， he quit the service of the court for good，expressing his
unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a
servant in return for five dou of grain”.
句式分析 expressing ...为动词-ing形式作 ；that引导
从句。
自主翻译
状语
同
位语
公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕
途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
3. From his poetry，we can learn that although his life was arduous，he
succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing
pleasure from nature.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导 从句，其中含有
although引导的 从句。and连接并列的状语in its
simplicity和in drawing pleasure from nature。
自主翻译
宾语
让步状语
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他
从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了
乐趣。
4. Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants
had a right to live and prosper， as we do.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导 从句；to live and
prosper为动词不定式作 ；as引导 从句。
自主翻译
宾语
定语
方式状语
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人
类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
in return for 作为对……的回报
【教材原句】 ...he would not “bow like a servant in return for five
dou of grain”.……他“不为五斗米折腰”。
【用法】
（1）in return 作为报答/回报/交换
（2）in turn 反过来
by turns 交替；轮流
in one’s turn 轮到某人
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
【佳句】 I will work hard in return for the trust they have placed in
me.
我会努力工作以回报他们给予我的信任。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Theory is based on practice and turn serves practice.
②I wish I could do something for you return.
in
in
【写美】 补全句子
③He wanted to do something her kindness.
他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。
in return for
reaction to 对……的反应
【教材原句】 While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a
lifestyle he was opposed to， Thoreau’s was a personal decision
to transform the way he lived.陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的
生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自
己的生活方式。
【用法】
（1）reaction n. 反应；回应
in reaction to 作为对……的反应
（2）react v. 反应；应答，起作用；起反应
react against 反对；反抗
react on/upon 对……起作用，有影响
react with 与……反应
react to 对……作出反应/起反应
【佳句】 Their reaction to the joke is to laugh.
他们对这个笑话的反应是笑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①They react many metals to form a salt and give off hydrogen.
②He reacted strongly the artistic conventions of his time.
with
against
【写美】 一句多译
③你认为他会对这个坏消息作何反应？
→How do you think ？ （react）
→What do you think ？
（reaction）
he will react to the bad news
his reaction to the bad news will be
withdraw v.退出；撤离；撤回；收回；提取
【教材原句】 Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary
life ...
两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退……
【用法】
（1）withdraw from 从……退出/撤回
withdraw sth from sth 从……中提取……
withdraw one’s eyes from 把视线从……移开（不再看……）
withdraw a remark 收回发言
（2）withdrawal n. 收回；撤回；撤退；取款
withdrawn adj. 沉默寡言的；内向的
【佳句】 Just at that time， the wolf might feel the threats from the
people， starting to withdraw.
就在那时，狼可能感觉到来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。
【点津】 withdraw的过去式和过去分词均为不规则形式，它们分别
是withdrew， withdrawn。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①The product was withdrawn from the market on safety
grounds.
②The people in the buildings withdrew in time in the big
fire.
③The general has ordered a partial （withdraw） of
troops from the area.
④Following her failure at work， she became quiet and
（withdraw） and rarely went out.
退出
撤离
withdrawal
withdrawn
【写美】 补全句子
⑤After half an hour or so， he received a call and
quietly.
大约过了半个小时，他接了一个电话，然后悄悄地退出了会议。
withdrew from the
meeting
resign v.使自己顺从于（做）某事；安于；辞职；辞去（工作、职
位等）
【教材原句】 Live in each season as it passes； breathe the air， drink
the drink， taste the fruit， and resign yourself to the influences of each.
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情
享受这一切。
【用法】
resign one’s post/position 辞去职务
resign oneself to （doing） sth 听任/顺从/只好接受（做）某事
resign ...to ... 把……托付给……
resign from ... 从……辞职
【佳句】 I finally resigned myself to going to Mexico with him even
though I didn’t want to.
我最终还是接受和他一起去墨西哥，尽管我不想去。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①More and more parents resign their children their grandparents at
home while working in the city.
②After he resigned the post， he was dedicated to helping the
disabled.
to
from
【写美】 补全句子
③Although I was very tired， I didn’t want to
.
虽然我很累，但我不想中途放弃。
resign myself to giving
up halfway
at ease with 不拘束，放松
【教材原句】 In today’s modern world， their ideas about living
simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining
personal well-being and fulfilment.在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简
单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满
足感更近一步。
【用法】
ease n.舒适，悠闲v.减轻（痛苦、忧虑）；缓和
take one’s ease 使某人放松一下
at ease 舒适；自由自在
put sb at ease 使某人感到轻松自在
feel at ease 感到心情放松
with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地
ease sb of sth 减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等）
【佳句】 I felt at ease with my new school life half a month later.
半个月后，我适应了新的学校生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①How could we feel ease while you refuse to take anything from
us？
②The ease which she learns languages is astonishing.
③His mind was ease when he knew that his wife and children were
safe.
at
with
at
【写美】 补全句子
④Soon， his warm， bright smile .
很快，他温暖、灿烂的笑容使我放松下来。
put me at ease
evaluate v.评估，评价
【教材原句】 A comparative essay compares， contrasts and evaluates
two or more topics.
比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。
【用法】
（1）evaluate sb on/by 根据……评价某人
evaluate ...as ... 把……评价为……
（2）evaluation n. 评估，评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
an evaluation of the health care system 对医疗制度的评价
【佳句】 It’s impossible to evaluate these results without knowing
more about the research methods employed.如果不能对使用的研究方法
有更多了解，就不可能对其结果作出评价。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We evaluated his performance outstanding among his peers.
②Before you make a decision， you need to evaluate us our
technique.
as
on/by
【写美】 一句多译
③我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
→We must caused by the fire.
（evaluate）
→We must caused by the
fire.（evaluation）
evaluate the consequences
make an evaluation of the consequences
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：while用作并列连词，连接并列句
【教材原句】 While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle
he was opposed to， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the
way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗
则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
【用法】
句中while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比，常用来连接
两个并列分句。
（1）while引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句往往位
于主句之前。
（2）while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候”，从句谓语往
往用进行时态。
【品悟】 Some people are trying hard to make their dreams come true，
while some are wasting their time.
有些人在努力实现自己的梦想，而有些人却在浪费时间。
【写美】 微写作
①姑娘们又唱又跳，而露西一个人静静地坐在角落里。（动作描写）
The girls sang and danced .
②当我妈妈和我在购物的时候，我们遇到了我的老师，他提到学校没
有音乐老师来帮助我们班为冬季博览会组织表演。
， we ran into my teacher， who
mentioned that the school didn’t have a music teacher to help our class
organize a performance for Winter Fair.
while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone
While my mom and I were shopping
句型公式：as引导定语从句
【教材原句】 We should live with them in harmony and enjoy
nature’s gifts， as he describes in his journals ...
我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述
的那样……
【用法】
句中as引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，意为“正如，像”。
（1）as 引导非限制性定语从句的用法：
①as指代整个主句的内容，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，可放在句首、句末或句中；which引导定语从句指代整个主句的内容时，只能位于句末。
②先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用as 不用which，从句谓语通常为be known， be said， be reported， be mentioned等；③as常用于这些习惯用语中：as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；
as we all know众所周知；as is often the case情况常常如此；as is expected 正如预料的那样。
（2）as还可以引导限制性定语从句，先行词前通常有as， so， such， the same等修饰语。
【品悟】 Thanksgiving day has been an international festival， as we
know.
正如我们所知道的那样，感恩节已经成为一个国际性的节日。
【写美】 微写作
①像往常一样，在比赛结束很久之后，观众还在继续庆祝自己球队的
胜利。（动作描写）
， the spectators continued celebrating their
team’s victory long after the match was over.
②众所周知，词汇是语言的一个重要部分，就像一座楼的砖块。
（投稿）
， vocabulary is an important part of the language，
just like bricks of a building.
As is often the case
As we all know
③正如上面提到的，在中国大多数高中，对武术感兴趣的学生人数正
在增加。（告知信）
， the number of the students who are
interested in wushu is increasing in most high schools in China.
④你最好让孩子们读那些能使他们更好、更聪明的书。（建议信）
You’d better let the children read such books
.
As is mentioned above
as will make them better
and cleverer
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try
driverless cars than those who lived in （农村的） areas.
2. Everyone should be entitled to a （相当好的） standard of
living.
3. Nick （获得） admission to become a member of the
club last year.
rural
decent
attained
4. In some countries， the more respect you want to show， the deeper
you should （鞠躬）.
5. A small town in New Zealand has announced an unusual plan to
ban （家养的） cats.
6. She was （不情愿的） to admit she was wrong.
7. As we all know， blue represents freedom， p and peace.
8. The president stated that all foreign forces would w as soon as
the crisis ended.
9. I can’t e his ability without seeing his work.
10. We have to r ourselves to the reality since we can do nothing.
bow
domestic
reluctant
urity
ithdraw
valuate
esign
维度二：词形转换
1. Calmly and （deliberate）， she cut up his suits one
by one.
2. White also appeals due to its association with innocence and
（pure）.
3. （superficial）， they are on good terms with each
other， but actually they hold widely divergent opinions on some
issues.
deliberately
purity
Superficially
4. For many such families， getting a child into university was
the （fulfill） of a lifelong dream.
5. Emmeline was an （influence） woman activist， who
helped British women get the right to vote.
6. So absorbed were we in being with them that we didn’t realize it was
time for （depart）.
7. The government’s （reject） of the plans is a setback
for us.
fulfilment
influential
departure
rejection
8. We need to carry out a proper （evaluate） of the new
system.
9. Plant breeders declared it to be one of the （botany）
finds of the century.
10. This standard is easily （attain） by most students.
evaluation
botanical
attainable
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. We （反对） killing animals and hope that nobody
will buy animal fur products.
2. （作为……的回报） your help， I invite you to
spend the weekend with my family.
3. He is not easy to get along with， and I never
（和他在一起感到自在）.
4. This is （同我上周丢失的那支钢
笔一样）.
are opposed to
In return for
feel at ease with him
the same pen as I lost last week
5. For fear of being laughed at， Tom has decided to
（退出） the competition.
6. She was not a woman who （听任） fate， so
she gained respect from others.
7. You can’t control what happens but you can control your
（对……的反应） it.
8. Boys often overestimate their abilities
（而女孩缺乏自信）.
withdraw from
resigned herself to
reaction
to
while girls lack confidence
维度四：课文语法填空
Although separated in time by nearly 1，500 years， both Tao
Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1. （share） an intense
respect for nature.Feeling conflicted over life at court， in 405， Tao quit
the service of the court for good， 2. （express） his
unhappiness in his poems， finding contentment in its simplicity and in
drawing pleasure from nature.3. （similar）， Thoreau
wanted to live in a simpler way， focusing on 4.
shared
expressing
Similarly
（him） and his writing.While they did not treat nature in quite
the same way， their 5. （work） show its beauty and
value.Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau’s
descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6. （pure）
of the wild areas around him.The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is
in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life.On 7.
himself
works
purity
other hand， Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that
animals and plants had a right to live and prosper，8. we do.We
should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts.During their
times， it took great courage 9. （reject） the easy and
familiar and instead try to live closer to nature.Nowadays， their ideas
about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those
10. want personal well-being and fulfilment.
the
as
to reject
who
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·湖北荆州八县高二上期末）Each year， my kindergarten
students in Armour， South Dakota， learn to identify hundreds of birds
by sight and more than 50 species by their song or call.It started out
simply enough.Bird-watching is my hobby， so about six years ago， I
started sharing my love for birds with my students.I’ve always felt like
it’s important to get kids outside and away from so many screens， and I
consider this doing my part.And guess what？ They absolutely love it！
Kindergartners are pretty amazing at identifying birds， especially by
their songs.I find that younger children are naturally tuned into nature and
have great curiosity about it.This became quite obvious once I began
teaching about birds.You wouldn’t believe how easily these 5-year-olds
learn to identify different species.
With every year that I’ve done this， the kids immediately get
hooked.Then we have this common passion to share and build on it
throughout the year.I’ve found that my students’ love of birds is a great
way to get them more interested in writing， reading and story problems in
maths.
So how do I do it？ With identification （识别）， I use a flash-card
approach.We also use a Bird Bingo game that the kids love.Then I
introduce one or two bird songs a day.Learning about bird songs is a lot
like learning a foreign language.It teaches students to think in a different
way by learning to recognize different sounds.The best part is that it
makes them more aware of nature and which birds are in their area.
If you want to try teaching bird songs to your students， I’d suggest
starting with the common backyard birds.Check out the All About Birds
website， where you can look up the species， find photos and even play
the bird songs right there！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。来自南达科他州阿默尔的一位幼儿
园老师通过教授学生识别和了解鸟类来激发学生对大自然的兴趣。
通过教授鸟类知识，学生在写作、阅读和数学问题方面也获得了提
高。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。来自南达科他州阿默尔的一位幼儿
园老师通过教授学生识别和了解鸟类来激发学生对大自然的兴趣。
通过教授鸟类知识，学生在写作、阅读和数学问题方面也获得了提
高。
1. What inspired the author to start teaching kindergartners about birds？
（ ）
A. His love for bird-watching.
B. The science teaching standards.
C. The students’ curiosity about nature.
D. The students’ talent in identifying birds.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Bird-watching is my
hobby， so about six years ago， I started sharing my love for birds
with my students.可知，作者对鸟类观察的兴趣激发了他开始教授
幼儿园学生关于鸟类的知识。
2. How did the author feel about his students’ speed of learning to
identify birds？（ ）
A. Annoyed. B. Amazed.
C. Disappointed. D. Discouraged.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，幼儿园的孩子们
在识别鸟类方面的能力相当惊人，即作者对学生们快速学习识别鸟
类的能力感到惊讶。
3. What does the underlined word “hooked” in Paragraph 3 mean？
（ ）
A. Interested. B. Challenged.
C. Encouraged. D. Praised.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的Then we have this common
passion to share and build on it throughout the year.可知，孩子们和作
者一样，对鸟有着共同的激情，即对鸟是感兴趣的。由此推断，画
线词与interested同义。
4. How does the author teach kindergartners to learn to identify different
bird species？（ ）
A. By listening to bird songs.
B. By studying bird photos on a website.
C. Through writing and reading exercises.
D. Through flash cards and a Bird Bingo game.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的With identification
（识别）， I use a flash-card approach.We also use a Bird Bingo
game that the kids love.可知，作者通过使用闪卡和Bird Bingo游戏
的方式来教学生识别不同的鸟类。
B
（2024·广东广州高二上期末）One old-school gardening belief is
that it is inadvisable — even risky — to have plants in the bedroom.This
centers around the claim that while plants take in carbon dioxide and
release oxygen in the day， at night this is reversed （相反）， so they
compete with us for the very air we breathe while asleep.
Indoor air quality is indeed affected by CO2 build-up， which has
proven health implications， providing a clear basis for
concern.However， assessing whether sharing our bedroom with plants
truly jeopardizes our health involves three key considerations.
Firstly， how much CO2 do plants release at night compared with
what they absorb in the day？ This proves complex due to varying factors
like species， light exposure， and room temperature and the research on
the precise measurements is pretty thin on the ground.Thankfully， a
2015 study found that sizeable houseplants enclosed in glass boxes manage
to absorb six to eight times as much CO2 in the day as they give off at
night， creating a pretty significant net reduction over a 24-hour period.
Secondly， it’s essential to compare the nighttime impact of plants
on air quality with that of other potential competitors， such as your
roommates.A single human breath contains roughly 40，000 ppm of
CO2， over 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8
hours.Consequently， it might be wiser to kick out your roommates
before your plants.
Finally， and this may seem apparent， our living spaces differ from
the controlled environments in research studies.Indoor air is constantly
being exchanged naturally through openings like doors and windows， and
human movement.A recent review suggests that reproducing the air-
refreshing impact of an open window would require between 100 and 1，
000 plants per square meter of floor space， considering plants’
pollution-removing abilities.
So enjoy houseplants whenever you like， because， frankly， if
sleeping near plants were bad for your health， camping in a forest would
be positively deadly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者从三个方面说明了在卧室养植
物是安全的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者从三个方面说明了在卧室养植
物是安全的。
5. What does the underlined word “jeopardizes” in Paragraph 2
probably mean？（ ）
A. Threatens. B. Changes.
C. Improves. D. Suspends.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，一种观点认为在卧
室种植物很危险，它在晚上与我们竞争我们睡觉时呼吸的空气，画
线词所在句意为“然而，要评估与植物共用卧室是否真的会危害我
们的健康，需要考虑三个关键因素”。jeopardizes意为“危害”。
6. What does the author think of having plants in the bedroom？（ ）
A. It is a health risk that requires immediate action.
B. It is a dangerous practice that should be avoided.
C. It is not as concerning as believed and can be enjoyed.
D. It is beneficial only if proper air exchanging is ensured.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的So enjoy houseplants
whenever you like可知，作者认为在卧室养植物不像人们想象的那
样令人担忧，可以享受。
7. How does the author illustrate the nighttime impact of bedroom
plants？（ ）
A. By citing examples.
B. By giving definitions.
C. By quoting researches.
D. By making comparisons.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段前两句可知，作者是通过作比
较来说明夜间植物对空气质量的影响。
8. Why does the author mention camping in a forest at the end of the
passage？（ ）
A. To highlight the risks of sleeping outdoors.
B. To suggest that sleeping near plants is dangerous.
C. To promote forest camping as a healthy alternative.
D. To emphasize the safety of having plants in the bedroom.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者提到在森林露营
是为了强调在卧室养植物的安全性。
C
（2024·广西南宁高二上期末）Despite heavy illegal hunting of
rhinos， South Africa’s Kruger National Park is still a natural
paradise.One of the largest remaining lion populations in Africa lives
there.Yet there is something the local animals fear even more than the big
cats.
Liana Zanette of Western University in Ontario and her colleagues
were able to show that animals react most strongly to human voices and
flee in response.For their experiment， the team placed camera traps and
loudspeakers at water holes in the national park， which allowed the
researchers to influence and record the behavior of a total of 19 mammal
species.They played the animals sounds of normal conversations of
humans in four South African languages， dogs barking， gunshots and
lion sounds.
The study group found that animals were twice as likely to flee and
vacated an area faster when they heard human voices than when they heard
lions or gunshots.This was true for 95 per cent of the animal species
observed， including giraffes， leopards， hyenas， zebras， kudu，
warthogs， impalas and rhinos.Only elephants were significantly more
likely to run from lions than from humans.
The same was true of the time that animals spent at water holes：
they usually stayed longer when lion sounds were played to them than
when human voices were heard.Wild dogs， leopards and buffalo were
the only animals who stayed at water holes longer when they heard
humans， and the difference was not statistically significant for these
species.“There is a notion that animals get used to humans when they are
not being hunted.But we’ve shown that’s not the case，” Clinchy
says.“Fear of humans is deeply rooted and common， so we need to
seriously address it for conservation reasons.”
The team is now investigating whether its customized sound systems
can be used to help endangered species， such as the southern white
rhino， away from known poaching （偷猎） areas in South
Africa.Initial tests of keeping rhinos away from such areas through the use
of human voices have been successful.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，人类的声音对野生
动物来说是根深蒂固的恐惧。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，人类的声音对野生
动物来说是根深蒂固的恐惧。
9. What can we know about South Africa’s Kruger National Park？
（ ）
A. Rhinos are effectively protected in the park.
B. Lions are the biggest threat for local animals.
C. Human voices cause fear in the local wildlife.
D. It is a natural paradise without illegal hunting.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Liana Zanette of Western
University in Ontario and her colleagues were able to show that animals
react most strongly to human voices and flee in response.可知，研究
表明，人类的声音引起当地野生动物的恐惧。
10. What does the underlined word “vacated” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Occupied. B. Left.
C. Encountered. D. Filled.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的The study group found
that animals were twice as likely to flee and可知，画线词与flee意义
相近，从而推知，画线词意为“离开，逃离”。
11. What did researchers find about animals’ reaction to different
sounds？（ ）
A. Elephants are more afraid of humans than lions.
B. Giraffes react most strongly to lions or gunshots.
C. Rhinos were more likely to run from lions than gunshots.
D. Wild dogs stayed at water holes longer when hearing humans.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Wild dogs， leopards and
buffalo were ... not statistically significant for these species.可知，
关于动物对不同声音的反应，研究人员发现野狗在听到人类声音
时在水坑里待的时间更长。
12. What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A. Human Voices： a Surprising Deep-rooted Fear in Wildlife
B. Lions： the Primary Source of Threat for the Local Animals
C. Lion Sounds： the Potential Use for Wildlife Protection
D. Humans： the Impact on Decreasing Rhino Population
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项研究发
现：人类的声音对野生动物来说是根深蒂固的恐惧。A项（人类
的声音：在野生动物中是令人惊讶的根深蒂固的恐惧）为文章最
佳标题。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
（2024·重庆高二上期末）假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Johnson
给你发来邮件，询问你最钦佩的科学家是谁。请你用英语给他回复一
封邮件，内容包括：
1. 对钦佩对象的简介；
2. 钦佩他/她的原因；
3. 他/她对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Johnson，
Best regards，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Johnson，
I hope this email finds you well.You asked about the person I admire
the most， and I would like to share with you my admiration for Yuan
Longping.
Yuan Longping， often referred to as the “Father of Hybrid
Rice”， is a famous Chinese agricultural scientist.His groundbreaking
work in developing high-yield hybrid rice has revolutionized global
agriculture， helping to feed countless people around the world.
Yuan Longping’s work has influenced me by highlighting the
importance of perseverance and making a meaningful difference in the
world.His dedication to solving global issues has motivated me to explore
how I can contribute to positive change in my own field of interest.
Best regards，
Li Hua
谢谢观看！
