单元质量检测（四） Everyday economics
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers probably doing？（ ）
A.Preparing for camping. B.Buying sleeping bags. C.Cleaning up the car.
2.Where does the woman want to go？（ ）
A.Chicago. B.Atlanta. C.Denver.
3.How does the woman feel？（ ）
A.Satisfied. B.Discouraged. C.Excited.
4.Where are the speakers？（ ）
A.At home. B.In the office. C.In the stadium.
5.What’s the woman’s attitude to McDonald’s？（ ）
A.Supportive. B.Neutral. C.Opposed.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What shoe size does the man want？（ ）
A.Size 7. B.Size 8. C.Size 10.
7.How much will the man pay？（ ）
A.$32. B.$36. C.$40.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What did the girl do for the dance？（ ）
A.She did the cleaning. B.She did the decorating. C.She did the dishwashing.
9.When was the dance held？（ ）
A.On Friday night. B.On Saturday night. C.On Sunday night.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What does the woman say about her apartment？（ ）
A.It has two bedrooms with a big kitchen.
B.It has two bedrooms with a small balcony.
C.It has one bedroom with a large balcony.
11.How much should the man pay the woman if he hires the apartment？（ ）
A.About $100. B.About $200. C.About $400.
12.When will the woman meet the man？（ ）
A.On Wednesday. B.On Thursday. C.On Friday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What does the man enjoy most about the course？（ ）
A.Meeting famous musicians. B.Organising every detail of it. C.Hearing young musicians play.
14.How does the man advertise the course？（ ）
A.Through the Internet. B.Through the university. C.Through the TV show.
15.What is required to join the course？（ ）
A.Perfect performances. B.Basic English skills. C.Good looks.
16.Why isn’t the countryside a good choice？（ ）
A.The cost is high. B.The space is limited. C.The transport is inconvenient.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.How many people in America go rock climbing？（ ）
A.More than ten million people. B.Around nine million people. C.About five million people.
18.What does rock climbing require according to the speaker？（ ）
A.Strength and strong will. B.Strong will and high energy. C.Good balance and strength.
19.How many kinds of rock climbing are mentioned？（ ）
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.
20.According to the speaker， who should attempt to go rock climbing alone？（ ）
A.Only the very best in the sport.
B.Only the young climbers.
C.Only people who have experience in groups.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
As the summer travel season rolls in， prices at the gas pump are usually going in the wrong direction for our wallets. That’s when drivers become more concerned about how to squeeze the most miles from their fuel dollars and keep their cars running their best. To help you stay in the know， here are some common questions that our auto-experts often get asked about gas mileage and related topics：
What if I need to carry stuff on my car’s roof？
Carrying things on the roof hurts fuel economy.When tested a 2013 Honda Accord at a steady 65 mph， it got 42 mpg with nothing on the roof.Adding even an empty bike rack （架子） dropped the mileage by 5 mpg.And with two bikes on the roof， gas mileage dropped to 27 mpg.
Does running the A/C hurt fuel economy compared with opening the windows？
It depends on how hard the air-conditioning system has to work.When we measured the fuel-economy difference， we found that fuel use with the air-conditioning running went up with higher outside temperatures.At 55 °F， there were unnoticeable differences.But when we measured again on days when the temperature was in the low 70s and high 80s， we got fewer miles per gallon with the air-conditioning on.
How far can I go when my low-fuel warning light comes on？
There is no set rule， but most cars have a reserve of between 1 and 2 gallons of gas when the light goes on， or enough to travel about 40 miles or so at a moderate speed.To maximize those last couple of gallons， we suggest slowing down and maintaining a steady pace.
Can I improve gas mileage by installing a special air filter （过滤器）？
With modern cars， changing your air filter probably won’t improve your fuel economy.When we tested a car to see whether a dirty air filter hurt its gas mileage because of reduced air intake， we found that the car’s fuel economy wasn’t hurt.The engine’s computer automatically made up for the restricted airflow by reducing fuel use to maintain the right air/fuel proportion.We expect similar results from any air-filter change.
21.What is the passage intended to give answers to questions related to？（ ）
A.How to save fuel. B.What fuel drivers can use.
C.How to keep cars working well. D.What mileage is most suitable for a car.
22.It is suggested in the passage that .（ ）
A.a special air filter be installed to improve air intake
B.the engine’s computer be updated as often as possible
C.drivers carry an empty bike rack on the roof just in case
D.cars move at a fixed low speed with a warning of low fuel
23.At which temperature is there a most noticeable difference in fuel economy between running air-conditioning and opening the window？（ ）
A.40 °F. B.51 °F.
C.55 °F. D.73 °F.
B
Three months ago， I landed in Beijing International Airport after a very long flight from Vancouver， Canada.I thought that it would just be a normal summer， but little did I know that my understanding of how to pay for things was about to be completely changed.
As an international student who had not been back to China for three years， I knew that it would take me some time to readjust to the life in China.However， I did not expect that I wouldn’t even be able to do things as simple as taking the subway.
I still remember asking my cousin if I could borrow his metro card.He looked at me with such astonishment and then started laughing：“No one uses a metro card now.You have your phone！” He then explained to me which application I needed to download and how to connect it with WeChat pay.
I was so dumbfounded by how convenient payment had become in China.When I had just come back， I still had the habit of carrying some cash with me when I went out.But soon， I realized that there was no place for me to use it.Even the smallest convenience stores support Alipay or WeChat pay.Online transactions and mobile payments have become the new norm.
Mobile payment is so common for people in China that they are used to it by now.But for me， it has been new and exciting.
Back in Vancouver， there was no way of going to the mall or supermarket without carrying cash， a debit card （借记卡） or a credit card.Mobile payment in Canada is not as prevalent （流行的） as it is in China.Personally， I have never paid using my phone during my stay in Canada.I had to carry cash around everywhere.Contrary to that， I have not used cash to pay at all since I arrived back in China.
Now I am getting used to the concept of mobile payment.Gradually， I stopped asking the vendors （小贩） if I could use WeChat pay and just showed them my payment code.Thinking back on my experience with this “new” method of paying over the past few months， I have to admit that our lives have indeed become much more convenient with the presence of mobile payment.
24.Why did the author mention her experience of taking the subway in China？（ ）
A.To compare the subways in China and Canada.
B.To explain how to use WeChat pay to take the subway.
C.To show she was unprepared for the change in lifestyle.
D.To describe how her cousin helped her when she returned.
25.What does the underlined word “dumbfounded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（ ）
A.Confused. B.Astonished.
C.Excited. D.Bothered.
26.What is Paragraph 6 mainly about？（ ）
A.The benefits of mobile payment.
B.The concept of mobile payment.
C.Why the author preferred to pay by cash in Vancouver.
D.How people pay differently in Vancouver and China.
27.What is the author’s attitude toward mobile payment in China now？（ ）
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful.
C.Unconcerned. D.Annoyed.
C
Have you noticed how the price of online purchases can increase at checkout？ This is due to a strategy called “drip pricing”， coined by American economist Richard Thaler in 1971.Drip pricing is a strategy where businesses gradually add extra charges to a customer’s bill， making the initially advertised price rise.
This strategy takes advantage of customers’ tendency to commit to a purchase when they see a low original price.As extra fees are added， customers often continue with the purchase despite the increased cost due to their emotional investment.Businesses， from e-commerce stores to airlines， use this technique to significantly boost their profits.The initial price of a product or service can sharply increase with the addition of various costs.For example， a flight ticket can considerably increase due to the inclusion of extra costs such as baggage fees， seating options， and access to express lanes.
However， current laws seem inadequate in the face of these practices， resulting in calls for new regulations and clearer retailer responsibilities.Dr.Jane Doe from the Consumer Behavior Research Group at the University of Cambridge found that customers’ knowledge plays an effective role.“Our study shows that when customers are informed about drip pricing techniques， they are less likely to fall for them， ultimately leading to more cost-effective purchases，” Dr.Doe said.
The success of drip pricing depends on customers not knowing or accepting these extra costs.An interesting suggestion to fight these practices could be the start of an annual event to highlight and criticize the worst examples of drip pricing.Possible award categories might include The Biggest Drip， Most Uselessly Named Charge， and the Droplet Award for multiple extra pricing add-ons.Such an event could strengthen customers and promote openness in pricing， thereby challenging the success of drip pricing.
As we progress into the era of digital commerce， the need for transparency and fairness in pricing is becoming increasingly important.Consumer advocates argue that the key to fighting drip pricing lies not only in stricter laws and regulations from the government but also in equipping consumers with the necessary knowledge and tools.
28.What does the term “drip pricing” refer to？（ ）
A.An outdated approach applied in e-commerce pricing.
B.An in-depth study on the continual rise of business prices.
C.A pricing strategy involving added costs to the initial price.
D.A cost reduction technique commonly employed in airlines.
29.What drives customers to proceed with a purchase even as costs increase？（ ）
A.Fear of losing previous orders. B.Restrictions from acts and laws.
C.Emotional commitment to the product. D.Unawareness of the additional charges.
30.According to Dr.Jane Doe， how to protect consumers from drip pricing？（ ）
A.By enforcing clear new laws. B.By providing consumer education.
C.By promoting cost-effective shopping. D.By organizing challenging annual events.
31.What can be inferred from Paragraphs 4 and 5？（ ）
A.Annual events will award successful drip pricing. B.Ignoring drip pricing is an effective way to resist it.
C.Consumer advocates need support from the media. D.Consumers and authorities should make joint efforts.
D
Art museums are full of centuries-old paintings with details of plants that today give us clues about evolution and breeding.
Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City， The Harvesters created in 1565 shows farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are.“Nowadays， if you walk through a wheat field， you basically see that wheat is about knee height.The short wheat is essentially a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century，” said biologist Ive De Smet.
According to De Smet， wheat is just one example of how historical artworks can allow us to track the transformation of crops over time.He has teamed up with art historian David Vergauwen to seek similar kinds of artworks around the world.
As friends since childhood， their interest in plants in artworks began with a visit to a museum in Russia， where they noticed an old-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting.A watermelon is usually believed to be red on the inside.However， that one appeared to be pale and white.De Smet assured the painter had done a poor job.But Verguawen had a different idea.“This is one of the best painters ever in that era.So， if he painted it like that， that’s the way it must have looked like.”
Other paintings revealed that there were both red and white watermelons grown in the 17th century.The chemical compound that makes watermelons red is lycopene （番茄红素）.“There must have been some sort of mutation （突变） preventing the accumulation of that color.Now， with all the genetic knowledge that we have of various plant species， we can look in more details at how something comes about.”
De Smet and Verguawen hope to create an online research database of historical plant artworks.They call for contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media.But they caution， the source paintings need to be realistic.“If you’re going to use， for example， Picasso’s paintings to try and understand what a pear looked like in the early 20th century， you might be misled.” Instead， such an attempt could be fruitless.
32.What can we infer about wheat from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.It became shorter and shorter as it evolved.
B.It was about knee height in the 16th century.
C.It might have had no short varieties before the 1950s.
D.It showed different heights as farmers’ heights changed.
33.What aroused De Smet and Verguawen’s interest in historical plant artworks？（ ）
A.Their lifelong friendship. B.A white watermelon in a painting.
C.Their professional background. D.An argument over the best painters.
34.Why is Picasso mentioned in the last paragraph？（ ）
A.To give an example of historical plant artwork.
B.To showcase the contributions of art enthusiasts.
C.To describe the appearance of a pear in the early 20th century.
D.To emphasize the significance of using realistic source paintings.
35.What is the main idea of the text？（ ）
A.Plant evolution progresses throughout history.
B.Old art provides fascinating insights into agriculture.
C.Ancient art demonstrates the presence of white watermelons.
D.Plants serve as a popular subject in numerous historical artworks.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some ways to budget for the best summer
Budgeting can be challenging， particularly when there are a lot of additional bills and expenses that need to be paid every month.36.（ ）.In this article， we are going to show you some ways that you can budget for your best summer.
Set a budget
Setting a budget and ensuring that you stick to it is crucial.37.（ ）.By capping yourself at a certain amount of disposable income， you can then place the left-over funds that you have into a savings account to be used at another time.
38.（ ）
If you end up with a collection of 1p’s， 2p’s and 5p’s， you can begin placing these in individual pots either in the kitchen or the living room area.This is ideal for savings as you can then cash these in to earn an extra ￡5－￡10.This is beneficial for you as this can then be used to contribute towards spending money or other elements.
Sell items you no longer want
39.（ ）， selling all the items that you no longer want can help you to generate some extra cash.Whether this is selling items on websites or setting up a stall at a local car boot sale， this can all help to generate additional money into the savings pot.
Open a savings account
The final way for you to begin saving money is to open a savings account.Every time you get paid， you can then set up an automated payment into a savings account to help you save money immediately.40.（ ）.
A.Save all loose change
B.Cut expenses you no longer use
C.This is the first way to ensure that you are not overspending
D.If you are someone who loves to have an annual spring clean
E.Though it can take time to generate the funds for a large holiday
F.However， it is not impossible and all it takes is a few simple changes
G.This will ensure that you have enough to pay the bills as well as begin saving
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Having a job is great.It means I can have a place to 41 in.And with an above-average job， I can 42 a car and overseas vacations.
I once emailed my 43 to every company with an online career page.I even printed my resume and 44 it out to hundreds of offices.
One summer I got a job at a high-tech company， which I was 45 at.It was no 46 when I was asked to leave that job after only four days.
A lot of people today believe the problem of 47 in my generation is our 48 .Some criticize us for being lazy or careless.Some 49 the members of my generation of having a sense of “specialness” that has 50 us to believe we can all be astronauts， movie stars or singers if we put our 51 to it.Also， a few of them think that we would have all been happily 52 if we had only learned trades or software engineering.
I understand that not everyone can go into space， star in Hollywood movies or fill stadiums with fans， 53 .Everyone is good at something， but no one is good at everything.It took me hundreds of rejection emails to 54 that I had to focus on finding a job where I could actually be 55 .
41.A.live B.hide C.step D.play
42.A.own B.offer C.buy D.afford
43.A.achievements B.photos C.details D.grades
44.A.dragged B.handed C.figured D.tried
45.A.expert B.skillful C.terrible D.amazed
46.A.fun B.good C.surprise D.use
47.A.population B.education C.poverty D.unemployment
48.A.duty B.fault C.task D.project
49.A.rob B.remind C.accuse D.warn
50.A.led B.asked C.chosen D.told
51.A.shoulders B.minds C.feet D.spirits
52.A.employed B.fired C.praised D.admired
53.A.too B.however C.either D.instead
54.A.realize B.remember C.respect D.forget
55.A.lazy B.average C.rich D.successful
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The sharing economy， represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber， is the latest fashion craze.But many supporters have overlooked the 56. （real） that this new business model is 57. （large） based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an Internet-based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to 58. （stranger） for short stays.Uber is an Internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars.
The good thing about the sharing economy is 59. it promotes the use of underused resources.Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms， and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while 60. （allow） guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those 61. （charge） by hotels.Uber offers prices that are competitive 62. standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy 63. （get）much less attention so far.Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels， and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually 64. important source of tax income.But many of Airbnb’s customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.This downside of the sharing needs 65. （take） seriously.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom发邮件表示对中国的数字支付很感兴趣。请你回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍数字支付；
2.你的感受。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Several years ago， I had to replace a receptionist （接待员） for my unit.Before I advertised for the position， I was approached by another younger manager， who was one of my best friends， and asked if I would consider a transfer from his staff instead of opening a new competition.My natural question was to ask who he wanted me to consider and why.
It appeared from his description of this employee， Maria， that she was having a lot of problems performing her duties， and had difficulties with her boss， and did not appear to respond to any attempts he， the manager， had made to settle the issues.Now， after listening to his explanation， I really had severe doubts.What crossed my mind， after this discussion， was that he wanted me to take a problem off his hands.
I told him I would think about it and would let him know the next day.As promised， after thinking more about this potential performance issue， I decided that I would agree to speak with Maria privately before I made any decision.
And， what I found out during this interview， left me quite shocked and deep in thought.As it turned out， the performance issue appeared to result from working for a boss who never extended a good morning greeting， never gave a word of encouragement， and was constantly changing the work load and routines， always turning a deaf ear to what the employees said.The end result was a totally ruined employee who was unconfident， hated to see a new work day start.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
I decided to accept her transfer to my unit and her performance surprised me a lot.
I thought a lot about what had happened and several days later， I had a talk with the manager.
单元质量检测（四） Everyday economics
第一部分
1－5 ABBAC 6－10 BBBAC
11－15 BCCAB 16－20 CBCBA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
W：Dad， I think we’ve got everything in the car.
M：Really？ I don’t think the tent is going to fit.And the sleeping bags and fishing equipment take up a lot of space， too.
（Text 2）
M：You can change planes in either Chicago or Denver.
W：You mean there’s no direct flight from New York to Atlanta？
（Text 3）
M：Cindy， how are you getting along with the translation work？
W：I have written and rewritten so much that I don’t know if I’ll ever get it finished.
（Text 4）
W：What is the time？
M：It’s a quarter past nine by my watch.
W：My favourite program Sing！China will be on soon.Don’t switch the channel.You can turn to the computer for your favourite football match.
（Text 5）
W：What do you think of McDonald’s？
M：It’s a good place for children — good foods and a safe place for them to have fun.The foods are of great quality and children love the chips there.
W：No， I don’t agree.Look， how fat some of the children in this city are！ Keep your children away from fatty food.
（Text 6）
W：Good morning， sir.May I help you？
M：Oh， yes.I’m looking for a pair of sports shoes in size 8.
W：OK.Follow me， please ...What do you think of this pair？
M：They look nice.How much are they？
W：They are 40 dollars， but I can give you a 10 percent discount.
M：Good.
（Text 7）
M：Where were you this morning？
W：This morning？ I was at home， helping my mother.We don’t have classes on Saturday， you know.
M：Why weren’t you at school？ Weren’t you on the clean-up committee for the dance？
W：No， I wasn’t on that committee.I was on the decorating committee.
M：Oh！ Well， the decorations were very nice.
W：We worked on them all day Friday.Were you at the dance last night？
M：Yes， I was.I didn’t see you there.
W：I was there， but there were a lot of people， and I didn’t stay very long.
M：It was a nice dance， wasn’t it？
W：Yes， I enjoyed it very much.
（Text 8）
M：Hello！ I’m calling about the apartment you have advertised in today’s Daily Mail.
W：Yes.I will have a trip， so the house will be empty for two weeks.
M：Great！ I’d like to hire a short period of time.Two weeks is just enough.Could you introduce your apartment to me？
W：Sure.It’s a one-bedroom apartment with a big balcony.But it has a small kitchen.
M：That’s just my cup of tea.What’s the price？
W：$400 per month.You need only to pay for electricity， for gas and water are included.And you can use the parking lot free of charge.
M：Sounds good.Then I can save some money.May I come over tomorrow to take a look？
W：Today is Wednesday.How about the day after tomorrow？ I’ve got an appointment tomorrow.
M：OK.
（Text 9）
W：My guest today is Tim Jones， who organises an international summer course for young musicians.Tim， tell us all about it.
M：Well， I’m lucky to have such a great job.Basically， young musicians come from all over the world and learn to play together to have a concert tour.By the end of the eight-week course， they’re really good， and hearing them play is what gives me most pleasure.Unfortunately， I don’t get to know them all that well， as organising every single small thing of the course keeps me busy.
W：So， how do you find the young musicians？
M：We advertise online.Anyone between the ages of 16 and 20 can complete the application form and e-mail it to us.We’re not looking for the perfect performance or the good-looking stars of tomorrow.But the course is in English， so a basic level of spoken language is necessary.
W：Where is the course held？
M：Mostly in a university during the summer holidays.They have halls for practicing， and plenty of bedrooms and dining rooms， which is a low cost for us.And of course， convenient transport is a must， so somewhere in the quiet countryside is no good， even though it is more spacious there.
（Text 10）
Some people say the higher you climb， the harder you fall.But those people probably would not be rock climbers.About nine million people go rock climbing in the United States.Millions more take part in the activity around the world.Rock climbing can be dangerous.But there are a lot of methods and equipment that can increase a climber’s safety.Climbing takes strength， control， and good balance.Climbers have to pull themselves straight up the face of very high rocks or walls.So they have to be strong enough to carry their own weight.And climbers sometimes have to hold on to rocks by only their fingers or toes.There are several kinds of rock
climbing.Traditional rock climbing is done outside.Climbers wear ropes and attach equipment to the rocks.They also connect their ropes to the equipment.If a climber slips， a rope can stop him from falling.Sport climbing is similar.However， in that sport， the safety equipment is permanently placed in the rock.There is also indoor climbing.Rock walls made of wood or concrete have places for the climber’s hands and feet.Climbers use their legs to climb； arms and hands are for position and balance.People almost always climb in groups of two or more.Climbing alone is very dangerous.Expert rock climbers say only the very best in the sport should do it.
第二部分
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要解答了几个司机们比较关心的油耗以及相关问题。
21.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，文章旨在回答有关如何节约燃料的问题。
22.D 推理判断题。根据How far can I go when my low-fuel warning light comes on？部分介绍可推断，文章建议在警告燃油不足的情况下，汽车以固定的低速行驶。
23.D 细节理解题。根据Does running the A/C hurt fuel economy compared with opening the windows？部分最后一句可知，温度在70多度和80多度，开空调和开车窗在燃油经济性上有最明显的区别，73 °F在这个温度区间。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从加拿大留学回来后，对国内便利的移动支付的感受。
24.C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段中I still remember asking ...then started laughing可推知，作者提到自己在中国坐地铁的经历是为了表明她对国内生活方式的变化毫无准备。
25.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的by how convenient payment had become in China可知，中国的支付方式变得非常便利；再结合第二段最后一句可知，作者回来时没有想到由于支付方式的变化，她甚至连坐地铁这种小事都不能做。由此推测，作者对此感到非常惊讶。dumbfounded意为“目瞪口呆的”，与astonished意思相近。
26.D 段落大意题。根据第六段可知，本段主要讲述了加拿大和中国支付方式的不同。
27.A 推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，作者认为移动支付让人们的生活更方便。由此推断，她对移动支付持支持态度。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。水滴定价是一种策略，商家逐渐在客户的账单上增加额外费用，使最初宣传的价格上涨。这已经引起了广泛关注，人们呼吁对它进行防范和管理。
28.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，“水滴定价”指的是在初始价格基础上增加额外费用的定价策略。
29.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，对产品的情感投入驱使顾客在成本增加的情况下继续购买。
30.B 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，可以通过提供消费者教育来保护消费者免受水滴定价技术的欺骗。
31.D 推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，从第四段和第五段可以推断出消费者和当局应该共同努力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家Ive De Smet和艺术史学家David Vergauwen如何通过研究历史艺术品中的植物细节追踪植物的进化和育种过程的。
32.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中Ive De Smet所说The short wheat is ...from the second half of the 20th century可知，矮小麦是20世纪下半叶育种的结果。由此推断，在20世纪50年代之前可能没有矮秆小麦品种。
33.B 细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，画中的白色西瓜激发了De Smet和Verguawen对历史植物艺术品的兴趣。
34.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，原始画作必须是写实的。文中提及毕加索画作是为了说明无法通过非写实作品进行研究，强调使用写实原画的重要性。
35.B 主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，本文介绍了人们通过艺术博物馆里展出的植物细节画，可以获取植物进化与繁殖细节的线索的事实。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何为最好的夏天做预算。
36.F 根据空前一句可知，预算可能很具有挑战性，特别是当每月需要支付大量的账单和费用时；再结合空后一句可知，本文将提供一些方法预算你最好的夏天。F项（然而，这并非不可能，所需要的只是一些简单的改变）承上启下。
37.C 根据空前一句可知，设置预算并确保坚守预算是至关重要的。C项（这是确保你不会超支的第一个方法）解释了为什么设置预算如此重要。
38.A 根据本段首句可知，本段主要讨论了如何保存所有的零钱。A项（保存所有零钱）为祈使句，且讲述的内容为保存所有的零钱作为一种储蓄方法，可以概括本段的主题。
39.D 根据空后半句可知，本段建议卖掉你不再需要的物品来赚取额外的现金。D项（如果你是一个喜欢每年进行一次春季大扫除的人）引出下文。
40.G 空前内容讨论了开设储蓄账户的好处。G项（这将确保你有足够的钱支付账单，并开始储蓄）对该段做了总结，强调了定期将资金存入储蓄账户的好处。
第三部分
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者经过多次求职失败后，意识到“尺有所短，寸有所长”的道理，明白一个人并非擅长所有工作。
41.A 根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示“有工作便意味着作者有地方住”。
42.D 根据空后的a car and overseas vacations可知，拥有一份高于平均薪酬的工作，作者便能拥有一辆车和海外度假。
43.C 根据空后的every company with an online career page以及printed my resume可知，此处意为“作者用邮件发送个人详细信息到每个招聘公司”，将打印的个人简历投递到数百家公司。
44.B 参见上题解析。hand out为固定短语，意为“分发”，在此引申为“投递”。
45.C 根据下一句中的I was asked to leave that job after only four days可知，工作四天后作者就被辞退。由此可知，作者并不擅长这份工作。be terrible at意为“不擅长”。
46.C 作者不擅长这份工作，因此对于自己被辞退这件事并不惊讶。
47.D 根据上一段可知，作者因为不擅长高科技公司的工作而被辞退。由此推知，该句谈论的是失业问题。
48.B 根据下一句“一些人批评我们懒惰或不认真”可知，如今很多人认为我们这代人的失业问题是我们自己的过错。
49.C 本句与上一句Some criticize us for being lazy or careless.为并列关系，因此空处的动词应与criticize相对应。accuse sb of为固定搭配，意为“谴责；指责某人”。
50.A 根据语境可知，空处前后为因果关系，即这种特殊感导致我们相信我们都能成为有成就的人。
51.B 根据语境可知，此处指如果我们下决心去做。put one’s mind to sth意为“下决心做某事”。
52.A 他们中少数人认为，如果我们仅仅学会了贸易或软件工程，就都会很开心地找到工作了。
53.B 作者明白并非每个人都能进入太空，出演好莱坞电影等，所以本句和上文之间为转折关系。
54.A 根据空后内容可知，作者收到了数百封拒绝邮件后才意识到，自己必须把精力集中在找一份自己能真正做好的工作上。
55.D 参见上题解析。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了共享经济的利弊。
56.reality 考查词形转换。have overlooked the后面应用名词作宾语，故填reality。另外，空后的that从句作reality的同位语。
57.largely 考查词形转换。此处应用副词作状语。
58.strangers 考查名词的单复数。stranger是可数名词，此处指陌生人，前面没有冠词，所以用名词的复数形式，指一类人。
59.that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺任何句子成分，故填that。
60.allowing 考查非谓语动词。while 60. guests a place to stay at prices是状语从句的省略，Airbnb与allow之间是主动关系，应用动词-ing形式。
61.charged 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰those，charge表示“收费”，和those之间是被动关系，故填charged。
62.with 考查介词。be competitive with sb/sth表示“不逊于某人/某物，胜过或超过某人/某物”。
63.has gotten 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；而主语downside为单数形式，故填has gotten。
64.an 考查冠词。此处指住在旅馆里的游客通常是税收的一个重要来源。不定冠词泛指数量“一”，且important的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
65.taking/to be taken。考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处指这种分享的弊端需要被认真对待。need doing/to be done表示“需要被……”，故填taking/to be taken。
第四部分
第一节
Dear Tom，
I’m glad you’re interested in digital payment in China.Here’s my introduction.
With the development of technology， people attach great importance to digital payment， which has entirely changed people’s life and is becoming more and more significant.For instance， as long as one owns a mobile phone， he’s capable to scan a QR code and pay the bill.In addition， never will people’s money be stolen as there’s no need to carry cash.
In terms of my feeling about it， I consider it the most useful scientific invention of all and it’ll surely make our life better and more convenient.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节
I decided to accept her transfer to my unit and her performance surprised me a lot.What started out as a shy， withdrawn and frightened employee turned out to be one of the most productive and loyal employees that I had ever worked with.Maria couldn’t do enough and was constantly asking for more and more responsibility.I was more than happy to give her what she needed — praise for work well done， respect as a person， and encouragement for doing well in anything she dealt with.
I thought a lot about what had happened and several days later， I had a talk with the manager.I told the manager how outstanding the employee was， as well as my opinion.“Perhaps it is self-reflection instead of always finding fault with others that makes sense，” I suggested.“To tell the truth，” I continued， “sometimes， we are guilty of holding others back from accomplishing or developing as they should or could.It may be a wise idea that we often stand in others’ shoes and reflect on what we are doing.” The manager stood still seemingly with a thoughtful expression， his cheeks a little red.
10 / 10(共100张PPT)
单元质量检测（四）
Everyday economics
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三
个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回
答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers probably doing？（ ）
A. Preparing for camping.
B. Buying sleeping bags.
C. Cleaning up the car.
2. Where does the woman want to go？（ ）
A. Chicago. B. Atlanta. C. Denver.
3. How does the woman feel？（ ）
A. Satisfied. B. Discouraged. C. Excited.
4. Where are the speakers？（ ）
A. At home.
B. In the office.
C. In the stadium.
5. What’s the woman’s attitude to McDonald’s？（ ）
A. Supportive. B. Neutral. C. Opposed.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题
中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白
前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将
给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What shoe size does the man want？（ ）
A. Size 7. B. Size 8. C. Size 10.
7. How much will the man pay？（ ）
A. $32. B. $36. C. $40.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What did the girl do for the dance？（ ）
A. She did the cleaning.
B. She did the decorating.
C. She did the dishwashing.
9. When was the dance held？（ ）
A. On Friday night.
B. On Saturday night.
C. On Sunday night.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the woman say about her apartment？（ ）
A. It has two bedrooms with a big kitchen.
B. It has two bedrooms with a small balcony.
C. It has one bedroom with a large balcony.
11. How much should the man pay the woman if he hires the apartment？
（ ）
A. About $100. B. About $200.
C. About $400.
12. When will the woman meet the man？（ ）
A. On Wednesday.
B. On Thursday.
C. On Friday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the man enjoy most about the course？（ ）
A. Meeting famous musicians.
B. Organising every detail of it.
C. Hearing young musicians play.
14. How does the man advertise the course？（ ）
A. Through the Internet.
B. Through the university.
C. Through the TV show.
15. What is required to join the course？（ ）
A. Perfect performances.
B. Basic English skills.
C. Good looks.
16. Why isn’t the countryside a good choice？（ ）
A. The cost is high.
B. The space is limited.
C. The transport is inconvenient.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How many people in America go rock climbing？（ ）
A. More than ten million people.
B. Around nine million people.
C. About five million people.
18. What does rock climbing require according to the speaker？（ ）
A. Strength and strong will.
B. Strong will and high energy.
C. Good balance and strength.
19. How many kinds of rock climbing are mentioned？（ ）
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
20. According to the speaker， who should attempt to go rock climbing
alone？（ ）
A. Only the very best in the sport.
B. Only the young climbers.
C. Only people who have experience in groups.
听力原文：
（Text 1）
W：Dad， I think we’ve got everything in the car.
M：Really？ I don’t think the tent is going to fit.And the sleeping bags
and fishing equipment take up a lot of space， too.
（Text 2）
M：You can change planes in either Chicago or Denver.
W：You mean there’s no direct flight from New York to Atlanta？
（Text 3）
M：Cindy， how are you getting along with the translation work？
W：I have written and rewritten so much that I don’t know if I’ll ever
get it finished.
（Text 4）
W：What is the time？
M：It’s a quarter past nine by my watch.
W：My favourite program Sing！China will be on soon.Don’t switch
the channel.You can turn to the computer for your favourite football
match.
（Text 5）
W：What do you think of McDonald’s？
M：It’s a good place for children — good foods and a safe place for
them to have fun.The foods are of great quality and children love the chips
there.
W：No， I don’t agree.Look， how fat some of the children in this city
are！ Keep your children away from fatty food.
（Text 6）
W：Good morning， sir.May I help you？
M：Oh， yes.I’m looking for a pair of sports shoes in size 8.
W：OK. Follow me， please ...What do you think of this pair？
M：They look nice.How much are they？
W：They are 40 dollars， but I can give you a 10 percent discount.
M：Good.
（Text 7）
M：Where were you this morning？
W：This morning？ I was at home， helping my mother.We don’t have
classes on Saturday， you know.
M：Why weren’t you at school？ Weren’t you on the clean-up
committee for the dance？
W：No， I wasn’t on that committee.I was on the decorating
committee.
M：Oh！ Well， the decorations were very nice.
W：We worked on them all day Friday.Were you at the dance last night？
M：Yes， I was.I didn’t see you there.
W：I was there， but there were a lot of people， and I didn’t stay very
long.
M：It was a nice dance， wasn’t it？
W：Yes， I enjoyed it very much.
（Text 8）
M：Hello！ I’m calling about the apartment you have advertised in
today’s Daily Mail.
W：Yes.I will have a trip， so the house will be empty for two weeks.
M：Great！ I’d like to hire a short period of time.Two weeks is just
enough.Could you introduce your apartment to me？
W：Sure.It’s a one-bedroom apartment with a big balcony.But it has a
small kitchen.
M：That’s just my cup of tea.What’s the price？
W：$400 per month.You need only to pay for electricity， for gas and
water are included.And you can use the parking lot free of charge.
M：Sounds good.Then I can save some money.May I come over
tomorrow to take a look？
W：Today is Wednesday.How about the day after tomorrow？ I’ve got
an appointment tomorrow.
M：OK.
（Text 9）
W：My guest today is Tim Jones， who organises an international summer
course for young musicians.Tim， tell us all about it.
M：Well， I’m lucky to have such a great job.Basically， young
musicians come from all over the world and learn to play together to have a
concert tour.By the end of the eight-week course， they’re really good，
and hearing them play is what gives me most pleasure.Unfortunately， I
don’t get to know them all that well， as organising every single small
thing of the course keeps me busy.
W：So， how do you find the young musicians？
M：We advertise online.Anyone between the ages of 16 and 20 can
complete the application form and e-mail it to us.We’re not looking for
the perfect performance or the good-looking stars of tomorrow.But the
course is in English， so a basic level of spoken language is necessary.
W：Where is the course held？
M：Mostly in a university during the summer holidays.They have halls
for practicing， and plenty of bedrooms and dining rooms， which is a
low cost for us.And of course， convenient transport is a must， so
somewhere in the quiet countryside is no good， even though it is more
spacious there.
（Text 10）
Some people say the higher you climb， the harder you fall.But those
people probably would not be rock climbers.About nine million people go
rock climbing in the United States.Millions more take part in the activity
around the world.Rock climbing can be dangerous.But there are a lot of
methods and equipment that can increase a climber’s safety.Climbing
takes strength， control， and good balance.Climbers have to pull
themselves straight up the face of very high rocks or walls.So they have to
be strong enough to carry their own weight.And climbers sometimes have
to hold on to rocks by only their fingers or toes.
There are several kinds of rock climbing.Traditional rock climbing is done
outside.Climbers wear ropes and attach equipment to the rocks.They also
connect their ropes to the equipment.If a climber slips， a rope can stop
him from falling.Sport climbing is similar.However， in that sport， the
safety equipment is permanently placed in the rock.There is also indoor
climbing.Rock walls made of wood or concrete have places for the
climber’s hands and feet.Climbers use their legs to climb； arms and
hands are for position and balance.People almost always climb in groups
of two or more.Climbing alone is very dangerous.Expert rock climbers
say only the very best in the sport should do it.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
As the summer travel season rolls in， prices at the gas pump are
usually going in the wrong direction for our wallets. That’s when drivers
become more concerned about how to squeeze the most miles from their
fuel dollars and keep their cars running their best. To help you stay in the
know， here are some common questions that our auto-experts often get
asked about gas mileage and related topics：
Carrying things on the roof hurts fuel economy.When tested a 2013
Honda Accord at a steady 65 mph， it got 42 mpg with nothing on the
roof.Adding even an empty bike rack （架子） dropped the mileage by 5
mpg.And with two bikes on the roof， gas mileage dropped to 27 mpg.
Does running the A/C hurt fuel economy compared with opening
the windows？
What if I need to carry stuff on my car’s roof？
It depends on how hard the air-conditioning system has to work.When
we measured the fuel-economy difference， we found that fuel use with
the air-conditioning running went up with higher outside temperatures.At
55 °F， there were unnoticeable differences.But when we measured
again on days when the temperature was in the low 70s and high 80s， we
got fewer miles per gallon with the air-conditioning on.
How far can I go when my low-fuel warning light comes on？
There is no set rule， but most cars have a reserve of between 1 and 2
gallons of gas when the light goes on， or enough to travel about 40 miles
or so at a moderate speed.To maximize those last couple of gallons， we
suggest slowing down and maintaining a steady pace.
Can I improve gas mileage by installing a special air filter （过滤
器）？
With modern cars， changing your air filter probably won’t improve
your fuel economy.When we tested a car to see whether a dirty air filter
hurt its gas mileage because of reduced air intake， we found that the
car’s fuel economy wasn’t hurt.The engine’s computer automatically
made up for the restricted airflow by reducing fuel use to maintain the right
air/fuel proportion.We expect similar results from any air-filter change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要解答了几个司机们比较关
心的油耗以及相关问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要解答了几个司机们比较关
心的油耗以及相关问题。
21. What is the passage intended to give answers to questions related to？
（ ）
A. How to save fuel.
B. What fuel drivers can use.
C. How to keep cars working well.
D. What mileage is most suitable for a car.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，文章旨在
回答有关如何节约燃料的问题。
22. It is suggested in the passage that .（ ）
A. a special air filter be installed to improve air intake
B. the engine’s computer be updated as often as possible
C. drivers carry an empty bike rack on the roof just in case
D. cars move at a fixed low speed with a warning of low fuel
解析： 推理判断题。根据How far can I go when my low-fuel
warning light comes on？部分介绍可推断，文章建议在警告燃油
不足的情况下，汽车以固定的低速行驶。
23. At which temperature is there a most noticeable difference in fuel
economy between running air-conditioning and opening the window？
（ ）
A. 40 °F. B. 51 °F.
C. 55 °F. D. 73 °F.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Does running the A/C hurt fuel
economy compared with opening the windows？部分最后一句可
知，温度在70多度和80多度，开空调和开车窗在燃油经济性上有
最明显的区别，73°F在这个温度区间。
B
Three months ago， I landed in Beijing International Airport after a
very long flight from Vancouver， Canada.I thought that it would just be a
normal summer， but little did I know that my understanding of how to
pay for things was about to be completely changed.
As an international student who had not been back to China for three
years， I knew that it would take me some time to readjust to the life in
China.However， I did not expect that I wouldn’t even be able to do
things as simple as taking the subway.
I still remember asking my cousin if I could borrow his metro card.He
looked at me with such astonishment and then started laughing：“No one
uses a metro card now.You have your phone！” He then explained to me
which application I needed to download and how to connect it with WeChat
pay.
I was so dumbfounded by how convenient payment had become in
China.When I had just come back， I still had the habit of carrying some
cash with me when I went out.But soon， I realized that there was no
place for me to use it.Even the smallest convenience stores support Alipay
or WeChat pay.Online transactions and mobile payments have become the
new norm.
Mobile payment is so common for people in China that they are used
to it by now.But for me， it has been new and exciting.
Back in Vancouver， there was no way of going to the mall or
supermarket without carrying cash， a debit card （借记卡） or a credit
card.Mobile payment in Canada is not as prevalent （流行的） as it is in
China.Personally， I have never paid using my phone during my stay in
Canada.I had to carry cash around everywhere.Contrary to that， I have
not used cash to pay at all since I arrived back in China.
Now I am getting used to the concept of mobile payment.Gradually，
I stopped asking the vendors （小贩） if I could use WeChat pay and just
showed them my payment code.Thinking back on my experience with this
“new” method of paying over the past few months， I have to admit that
our lives have indeed become much more convenient with the presence of
mobile payment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从加拿大留学回来
后，对国内便利的移动支付的感受。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从加拿大留学回来
后，对国内便利的移动支付的感受。
24. Why did the author mention her experience of taking the subway in
China？（ ）
A. To compare the subways in China and Canada.
B. To explain how to use WeChat pay to take the subway.
C. To show she was unprepared for the change in lifestyle.
D. To describe how her cousin helped her when she returned.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段中I still
remember asking ...then started laughing可推知，作者提到自
己在中国坐地铁的经历是为了表明她对国内生活方式的变化毫
无准备。
25. What does the underlined word “dumbfounded” in Paragraph 4
probably mean？（ ）
A. Confused. B. Astonished.
C. Excited. D. Bothered.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的by how convenient
payment had become in China可知，中国的支付方式变得非常便
利；再结合第二段最后一句可知，作者回来时没有想到由于支付
方式的变化，她甚至连坐地铁这种小事都不能做。由此推测，作
者对此感到非常惊讶。dumbfounded意为“目瞪口呆的”，与
astonished意思相近。
26. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about？（ ）
A. The benefits of mobile payment.
B. The concept of mobile payment.
C. Why the author preferred to pay by cash in Vancouver.
D. How people pay differently in Vancouver and China.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第六段可知，本段主要讲述了加拿
大和中国支付方式的不同。
27. What is the author’s attitude toward mobile payment in China now？
（ ）
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful.
C. Unconcerned. D. Annoyed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，作者认为移动支付
让人们的生活更方便。由此推断，她对移动支付持支持态度。
C
Have you noticed how the price of online purchases can increase at
checkout？ This is due to a strategy called “drip pricing”， coined by
American economist Richard Thaler in 1971.Drip pricing is a strategy
where businesses gradually add extra charges to a customer’s bill，
making the initially advertised price rise.
This strategy takes advantage of customers’ tendency to commit to a
purchase when they see a low original price.As extra fees are added，
customers often continue with the purchase despite the increased cost due
to their emotional investment.Businesses， from e-commerce stores to
airlines， use this technique to significantly boost their profits.The initial
price of a product or service can sharply increase with the addition of
various costs.For example， a flight ticket can considerably increase due
to the inclusion of extra costs such as baggage fees， seating options， and
access to express lanes.
However， current laws seem inadequate in the face of these
practices， resulting in calls for new regulations and clearer retailer
responsibilities.Dr.Jane Doe from the Consumer Behavior Research
Group at the University of Cambridge found that customers’ knowledge
plays an effective role.“Our study shows that when customers are
informed about drip pricing techniques， they are less likely to fall for
them， ultimately leading to more cost-effective purchases，” Dr.Doe
said.
The success of drip pricing depends on customers not knowing or
accepting these extra costs.An interesting suggestion to fight these
practices could be the start of an annual event to highlight and criticize the
worst examples of drip pricing.Possible award categories might include
The Biggest Drip， Most Uselessly Named Charge， and the Droplet
Award for multiple extra pricing add-ons.Such an event could strengthen
customers and promote openness in pricing， thereby challenging the
success of drip pricing.
As we progress into the era of digital commerce， the need for
transparency and fairness in pricing is becoming increasingly
important.Consumer advocates argue that the key to fighting drip pricing
lies not only in stricter laws and regulations from the government but also
in equipping consumers with the necessary knowledge and tools.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。水滴定价是一种策略，商家逐渐在
客户的账单上增加额外费用，使最初宣传的价格上涨。这已经引起
了广泛关注，人们呼吁对它进行防范和管理。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。水滴定价是一种策略，商家逐渐在
客户的账单上增加额外费用，使最初宣传的价格上涨。这已经引起
了广泛关注，人们呼吁对它进行防范和管理。
28. What does the term “drip pricing” refer to？（ ）
A. An outdated approach applied in e-commerce pricing.
B. An in-depth study on the continual rise of business prices.
C. A pricing strategy involving added costs to the initial price.
D. A cost reduction technique commonly employed in airlines.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，“水滴定
价”指的是在初始价格基础上增加额外费用的定价策略。
29. What drives customers to proceed with a purchase even as costs
increase？（ ）
A. Fear of losing previous orders.
B. Restrictions from acts and laws.
C. Emotional commitment to the product.
D. Unawareness of the additional charges.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，对产品的情感
投入驱使顾客在成本增加的情况下继续购买。
30. According to Dr.Jane Doe， how to protect consumers from drip
pricing？（ ）
A. By enforcing clear new laws.
B. By providing consumer education.
C. By promoting cost-effective shopping.
D. By organizing challenging annual events.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，可以通过提供消
费者教育来保护消费者免受水滴定价技术的欺骗。
31. What can be inferred from Paragraphs 4 and 5？（ ）
A. Annual events will award successful drip pricing.
B. Ignoring drip pricing is an effective way to resist it.
C. Consumer advocates need support from the media.
D. Consumers and authorities should make joint efforts.
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，从第四段和第五段
可以推断出消费者和当局应该共同努力。
D
Art museums are full of centuries-old paintings with details of plants
that today give us clues about evolution and breeding.
Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City， The
Harvesters created in 1565 shows farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as
they are.“Nowadays， if you walk through a wheat field， you basically
see that wheat is about knee height.The short wheat is essentially a
consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century，” said
biologist Ive De Smet.
According to De Smet， wheat is just one example of how historical
artworks can allow us to track the transformation of crops over time.He
has teamed up with art historian David Vergauwen to seek similar kinds of
artworks around the world.
As friends since childhood， their interest in plants in artworks began
with a visit to a museum in Russia， where they noticed an old-looking
watermelon in an early-17th-century painting.A watermelon is usually
believed to be red on the inside.However， that one appeared to be pale
and white.De Smet assured the painter had done a poor job.But
Verguawen had a different idea.“This is one of the best painters ever in
that era.So， if he painted it like that， that’s the way it must have
looked like.”
Other paintings revealed that there were both red and white
watermelons grown in the 17th century.The chemical compound that
makes watermelons red is lycopene （番茄红素）.“There must have
been some sort of mutation （突变） preventing the accumulation of that
color.Now， with all the genetic knowledge that we have of various plant
species， we can look in more details at how something comes about.”
De Smet and Verguawen hope to create an online research database of
historical plant artworks.They call for contributions of art enthusiasts
around the world via the social media.But they caution， the source
paintings need to be realistic.“If you’re going to use， for example，
Picasso’s paintings to try and understand what a pear looked like in the
early 20th century， you might be misled.” Instead， such an attempt
could be fruitless.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家Ive De Smet和
艺术史学家David Vergauwen如何通过研究历史艺术品中的植物细节
追踪植物的进化和育种过程的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家Ive De Smet和
艺术史学家David Vergauwen如何通过研究历史艺术品中的植物细节
追踪植物的进化和育种过程的。
32. What can we infer about wheat from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. It became shorter and shorter as it evolved.
B. It was about knee height in the 16th century.
C. It might have had no short varieties before the 1950s.
D. It showed different heights as farmers’ heights changed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中Ive De Smet所说The short
wheat is ...from the second half of the 20th century可知，矮小麦是
20世纪下半叶育种的结果。由此推断，在20世纪50年代之前可能
没有矮秆小麦品种。
33. What aroused De Smet and Verguawen’s interest in historical plant
artworks？（ ）
A. Their lifelong friendship.
B. A white watermelon in a painting.
C. Their professional background.
D. An argument over the best painters.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，画中的白色西
瓜激发了De Smet和Verguawen对历史植物艺术品的兴趣。
34. Why is Picasso mentioned in the last paragraph？（ ）
A. To give an example of historical plant artwork.
B. To showcase the contributions of art enthusiasts.
C. To describe the appearance of a pear in the early 20th century.
D. To emphasize the significance of using realistic source paintings.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，原始画
作必须是写实的。文中提及毕加索画作是为了说明无法通过非写
实作品进行研究，强调使用写实原画的重要性。
35. What is the main idea of the text？（ ）
A. Plant evolution progresses throughout history.
B. Old art provides fascinating insights into agriculture.
C. Ancient art demonstrates the presence of white watermelons.
D. Plants serve as a popular subject in numerous historical artworks.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，本文
介绍了人们通过艺术博物馆里展出的植物细节画，可以获取植物
进化与繁殖细节的线索的事实。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some ways to budget for the best summer
Budgeting can be challenging， particularly when there are a lot
of additional bills and expenses that need to be paid every month.36.
（ ）.In this article， we are going to show you some ways that
you can budget for your best summer.
Setting a budget and ensuring that you stick to it is crucial.37.
（ ）.By capping yourself at a certain amount of disposable
income， you can then place the left-over funds that you have into a
savings account to be used at another time.
Set a budget
38. （ ）
If you end up with a collection of 1p’s， 2p’s and 5p’s， you can
begin placing these in individual pots either in the kitchen or the living
room area.This is ideal for savings as you can then cash these in to earn an
extra ￡5－￡10.This is beneficial for you as this can then be used to
contribute towards spending money or other elements.
Sell items you no longer want
39. （ ）， selling all the items that you no longer want can help
you to generate some extra cash.Whether this is selling items on websites
or setting up a stall at a local car boot sale， this can all help to generate
additional money into the savings pot.
Open a savings account
The final way for you to begin saving money is to open a savings
account.Every time you get paid， you can then set up an automated
payment into a savings account to help you save money immediately.40.
（ ）.
A. Save all loose change
B. Cut expenses you no longer use
C. This is the first way to ensure that you are not overspending
D. If you are someone who loves to have an annual spring clean
E. Though it can take time to generate the funds for a large holiday
F. However， it is not impossible and all it takes is a few simple changes
G. This will ensure that you have enough to pay the bills as well as begin
saving
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何为最好的夏天
做预算。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何为最好的夏天
做预算。
36. F 根据空前一句可知，预算可能很具有挑战性，特别是当每月需
要支付大量的账单和费用时；再结合空后一句可知，本文将提供一些
方法预算你最好的夏天。F项（然而，这并非不可能，所需要的只是
一些简单的改变）承上启下。
37. C 根据空前一句可知，设置预算并确保坚守预算是至关重要
的。C项（这是确保你不会超支的第一个方法）解释了为什么设置预
算如此重要。
38. A 根据本段首句可知，本段主要讨论了如何保存所有的零钱。A
项（保存所有零钱）为祈使句，且讲述的内容为保存所有的零钱作为
一种储蓄方法，可以概括本段的主题。
39. D 根据空后半句可知，本段建议卖掉你不再需要的物品来赚取
额外的现金。D项（如果你是一个喜欢每年进行一次春季大扫除的
人）引出下文。
40. G 空前内容讨论了开设储蓄账户的好处。G项（这将确保你有足
够的钱支付账单，并开始储蓄）对该段做了总结，强调了定期将资金
存入储蓄账户的好处。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
Having a job is great.It means I can have a place to 41 in.And
with an above-average job， I can 42 a car and overseas vacations.
I once emailed my 43 to every company with an online career
page.I even printed my resume and 44 it out to hundreds of offices.
One summer I got a job at a high-tech company， which I
was 45 at.It was no 46 when I was asked to leave that job after
only four days.
A lot of people today believe the problem of 47 in my generation
is our 48 .Some criticize us for being lazy or careless.Some 49
the members of my generation of having a sense of “specialness” that
has 50 us to believe we can all be astronauts， movie stars or singers
if we put our 51 to it.Also， a few of them think that we would have
all been happily 52 if we had only learned trades or software
engineering.
I understand that not everyone can go into space， star in Hollywood
movies or fill stadiums with fans， 53 .Everyone is good at
something， but no one is good at everything.It took me hundreds of
rejection emails to 54 that I had to focus on finding a job where I
could actually be 55 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者经过多次求职失败后，意
识到“尺有所短，寸有所长”的道理，明白一个人并非擅长所有工
作。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者经过多次求职失败后，意
识到“尺有所短，寸有所长”的道理，明白一个人并非擅长所有工
作。
41. A. live B. hide C. step D. play
解析： 根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示“有工作便意味
着作者有地方住”。
42. A. own B. offer C. buy D. afford
解析： 根据空后的a car and overseas vacations可知，拥有一份
高于平均薪酬的工作，作者便能拥有一辆车和海外度假。
43. A. achievements B. photos
C. details D. grades
解析： 根据空后的every company with an online career page以及
printed my resume可知，此处意为“作者用邮件发送个人详细信息
到每个招聘公司”，将打印的个人简历投递到数百家公司。
44. A. dragged B. handed
C. figured D. tried
解析： 参见上题解析。hand out为固定短语，意为“分发”，
在此引申为“投递”。
45. A. expert B. skillful
C. terrible D. amazed
解析： 根据下一句中的I was asked to leave that job after only
four days可知，工作四天后作者就被辞退。由此可知，作者并不
擅长这份工作。be terrible at意为“不擅长”。
46. A. fun B. good C. surprise D. use
解析： 作者不擅长这份工作，因此对于自己被辞退这件事并
不惊讶。
47. A. population B. education
C. poverty D. unemployment
解析： 根据上一段可知，作者因为不擅长高科技公司的工作
而被辞退。由此推知，该句谈论的是失业问题。
48. A. duty B. fault C. task D. project
解析： 根据下一句“一些人批评我们懒惰或不认真”可知，
如今很多人认为我们这代人的失业问题是我们自己的过错。
49. A. rob B. remind C. accuse D. warn
解析： 本句与上一句Some criticize us for being lazy or careless.
为并列关系，因此空处的动词应与criticize相对应。accuse sb of为
固定搭配，意为“谴责；指责某人”。
50. A. led B. asked C. chosen D. told
解析： 根据语境可知，空处前后为因果关系，即这种特殊感
导致我们相信我们都能成为有成就的人。
51. A. shoulders B. minds
C. feet D. spirits
解析： 根据语境可知，此处指如果我们下决心去做。put
one’s mind to sth意为“下决心做某事”。
52. A. employed B. fired
C. praised D. admired
解析： 他们中少数人认为，如果我们仅仅学会了贸易或软件
工程，就都会很开心地找到工作了。
53. A. too B. however
C. either D. instead
解析： 作者明白并非每个人都能进入太空，出演好莱坞电影
等，所以本句和上文之间为转折关系。
54. A. realize B. remember
C. respect D. forget
解析： 根据空后内容可知，作者收到了数百封拒绝邮件后
才意识到，自己必须把精力集中在找一份自己能真正做好的工
作上。
55. A. lazy B. average
C. rich D. successful
解析： 参见上题解析。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
The sharing economy， represented by companies like Airbnb or
Uber， is the latest fashion craze.But many supporters have
overlooked the 56. （real） that this new business model
is 57. （large） based on escaping regulations and
breaking the law.
Airbnb is an Internet-based service that allows people to rent out
spare rooms to 58. （stranger） for short stays.Uber is
an Internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride
requests with their own cars.
The good thing about the sharing economy is 59.
it promotes the use of underused resources.Millions of people have
houses or apartments with empty rooms， and Airbnb allows them to
profit from these rooms while 60. （allow） guests a
place to stay at prices that are often far less than those
61. （charge） by hotels.Uber offers prices that are
competitive 62. standard taxi prices and their drivers are
often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy 63. （get）much less attention so far.Most cities and states both tax and
regulate hotels， and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually
64. important source of tax income.But many of
Airbnb’s customers are not paying the taxes required under the
law.This downside of the sharing needs 65. （take）
seriously.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了共享经济的利弊。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了共享经济的利弊。
56. reality 考查词形转换。have overlooked the后面应用名词作宾
语，故填reality。另外，空后的that从句作reality的同位语。
57. largely 考查词形转换。此处应用副词作状语。
58. strangers 考查名词的单复数。stranger是可数名词，此处指陌
生人，前面没有冠词，所以用名词的复数形式，指一类人。
59. that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从
句，从句中不缺任何句子成分，故填that。
60. allowing 考查非谓语动词。while 60. guests a place
to stay at prices是状语从句的省略，Airbnb与allow之间是主动关
系，应用动词-ing形式。
61. charged 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语
修饰those，charge表示“收费”，和those之间是被动关系，故填
charged。
62. with 考查介词。be competitive with sb/sth表示“不逊于某人/
某物，胜过或超过某人/某物”。
63. has gotten 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far
可知，此处应用现在完成时；而主语downside为单数形式，故填
has gotten。
64. an 考查冠词。此处指住在旅馆里的游客通常是税收的一个
重要来源。不定冠词泛指数量“一”，且important的读音以元音
音素开头，故填an。
65. taking/to be taken 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处指
这种分享的弊端需要被认真对待。need doing/to be done表示“需
要被……”，故填taking/to be taken。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom发邮件表示对中国的数字
支付很感兴趣。请你回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍数字支付；
2. 你的感受。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
I’m glad you’re interested in digital payment in China.Here’s my
introduction.
With the development of technology， people attach great importance
to digital payment， which has entirely changed people’s life and is
becoming more and more significant.For instance， as long as one owns a
mobile phone， he’s capable to scan a QR code and pay the bill.In
addition， never will people’s money be stolen as there’s no need to
carry cash.
In terms of my feeling about it， I consider it the most useful
scientific invention of all and it’ll surely make our life better and more
convenient.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Several years ago， I had to replace a receptionist （接待员） for my
unit.Before I advertised for the position， I was approached by another
younger manager， who was one of my best friends， and asked if I would
consider a transfer from his staff instead of opening a new competition.My
natural question was to ask who he wanted me to consider and why.
It appeared from his description of this employee， Maria， that she
was having a lot of problems performing her duties， and had difficulties
with her boss， and did not appear to respond to any attempts he， the
manager， had made to settle the issues.Now， after listening to his
explanation， I really had severe doubts.What crossed my mind， after
this discussion， was that he wanted me to take a problem off his hands.
I told him I would think about it and would let him know the next
day.As promised， after thinking more about this potential performance
issue， I decided that I would agree to speak with Maria privately before I
made any decision.
And， what I found out during this interview， left me quite shocked
and deep in thought.As it turned out， the performance issue appeared to
result from working for a boss who never extended a good morning
greeting， never gave a word of encouragement， and was constantly
changing the work load and routines， always turning a deaf ear to what
the employees said.The end result was a totally ruined employee who was
unconfident， hated to see a new work day start.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
I decided to accept her transfer to my unit and her performance
surprised me a lot.
I thought a lot about what had happened and several days later， I
had a talk with the manager.
参考范文：
I decided to accept her transfer to my unit and her performance
surprised me a lot.What started out as a shy， withdrawn and frightened
employee turned out to be one of the most productive and loyal employees
that I had ever worked with.Maria couldn’t do enough and was
constantly asking for more and more responsibility.I was more than happy
to give her what she needed — praise for work well done， respect as a
person， and encouragement for doing well in anything she dealt with.
I thought a lot about what had happened and several days later， I had
a talk with the manager.I told the manager how outstanding the employee
was， as well as my opinion.“Perhaps it is self-reflection instead of
always finding fault with others that makes sense，” I suggested.“To
tell the truth，” I continued， “sometimes， we are guilty of holding
others back from accomplishing or developing as they should or could.It
may be a wise idea that we often stand in others’ shoes and reflect on
what we are doing.” The manager stood still seemingly with a thoughtful
expression， his cheeks a little red.
谢谢观看！
