人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT 1 PEOOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT课时学案（教师用）

UNIT 1 PEOOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
明晰目标——构建单元体系
［核心单词］
crucial vital committed
academic botanical evaluate property
boil obtain acknowledge defeat
analyse apparently insist scientific
mostly conclusion circumstance found
theory gentle passion gradually
consequence encounter remarkable sum
［重点短语］
insist on，wear and tear，commit oneself to （sth./doing sth.）， come to/into prower， take up a position， sum up
［重点句型］
1.Upon/On doing...
2.It is an honour for ... to do sth.
3.状语从句的省略
4.find+宾语+宾语补足语
［单元语法］
非限制性定语从句
［写作任务］
人物介绍类记叙文
主题引领——话题语基培优
［Qualities］
hard-working adj. 工作努力的
active adj. 积极的
determined adj. 坚定的
honest adj. 正直的
unselfish/selfless adj. 无私的
creative adj. 有创造力的
devoted/dedicated adj. 投入的
strong-minded/strong-willed adj. 意志坚定的
warm-hearted adj. 热心的
persevering/perseverant adj. 坚韧不拔的
ambitious adj. 有雄心的
persistent adj. 坚持不懈的
［Achievements］
make a difference to... 对……有影响
lead to/result in/bring about导致
gain a doctor's/master's/bachelor's degree
获得博士/硕士/学士学位
earn/win the admiration of...赢得……的钦佩
improve the quality of life提高生活质量
make great contributions to...为……作出巨大贡献
have a great/significant/profound effect/influence/impact on...对……有巨大/重要/深远影响
make important/significant/profound/world-changing discoveries有重要/重大/深远/改变世界的发现
achieve one's ambition/make one's dream come true
实现某人的梦想
话题佳句
1. He is a man of remarkable achievements， having pioneered new technologies in his field.
他是一个有着非凡成就的人，在他的领域开创了新技术。
2. Marie Curie is celebrated for her pioneering work in radioactivity， which earned her two Nobel Prizes.
玛丽·居里因其在放射性领域的开创性工作而受到赞誉，这为她赢得了两项诺贝尔奖。
3. Albert Einstein， his theories of relativity having changed the entire landscape of modern physics， is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientific minds in history.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他的相对论改变了整个现代物理学的格局，被广泛认为是历史上最伟大的科学巨匠之一。
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
精读课文 语篇理解
Activity 1 Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Tu Youyou's education at university.
B. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
C. Tu Youyou paid attention to fame.
D. Tu Youyou made a breakthrough in medicine on her own.
[答案]B
Activity 2 Structure and Clues
[答案]winning； discovering； committed； to fight； defeat； analysed； team effort
Activity 3 Reading for Details
1．What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 1
A. Quantities of people die from malaria every year.
B. The reason why Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize.
C. Artemisinin is used to treat many kinds of diseases.
D. Malaria has brought much harm to people in Africa.
[答案]B
2．What inspired the team to test wormwood
A. A botanical treatment. B. A number of plants.
C. The fight against malaria. D. An ancient Chinese medical text.
[答案]D
3．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. Tu was not sure about the value of traditional Chinese medicine at first.
B. Tu and her team had tested many times before they succeeded.
C. Tu was modest and was proud of traditional Chinese medicine.
D. Tu was clever and determined while doing some research.
[答案]C
4．Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou and her team members
A. Determined and persistent. B. Relaxed and ambitious.
C. Generous and strict. D. Curious and courageous.
[答案]A
Activity 4 Structural Analysis
1．This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou （co-winner），whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria.（Para.1）
［分析］ 此句是复合句。whose引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou，whose在从句中作_ _ ；a crucial new treatment for malaria作_ _ _ _ _ _ ，解释说明artemisinin的具体内容。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]非限制性定语； 定语； 同位语； 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦（共同获奖者），她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现，而青蒿素是一种治疗疟疾的关键性新型药物。
2．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.（Para.2）
［分析］ 此句是由and连接的并列句。chosen为过去分词作_ _ ，修饰the first researchers。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]定语； 1967年，中国政府组建了一支以发现疟疾新型疗法为目标的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
3．She analysed the medical texts again，and by chance，she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.（Para.3）
［分析］ 此句是由and连接的并列句。“suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood”为现在分词短语作_ _ ，修饰one sentence。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]定语； 她又分析了一遍医学文献，偶然发现了一句话，这句话建议她用另一种方法来处理青蒿。
Activity 5 Grammar Filling for the passage
Tu Youyou 1. （award） the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in October 2015 because of the discovery of artemisinin.
Tu Youyou， a 2. （commit） and patient scientist， was born in Ningbo， China， on 30 December 1930， and graduated 3. Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated， she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967， the Chinese government formed a team of 4. （scientist） with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria， and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 5. （choose）. In 1969， she became the head of the project in Beijing， and decided 6. （review） ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7. （use） the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu's team overcame numerous difficulties and 8. （final） succeeded in 1971. This medicine， 9. was called artemisinin， soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
This success proves the great value of Chinese medicine. It is indeed 10. honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
[答案]
1．was awarded
2．committed
3．from
4．scientists
5．chosen
6．to review
7．using
8．finally
9．which
10．an
Activity 6 Discussion
1．What is the secret to Tu Youyou's success
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Open answers.
2．Do you want to be a person like Tu Youyou Why or why not
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Open answers.
自查语基 知能落实
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
A.蒿；洋艾
B.［药］青蒿素
C.提取物;摘录
D.（艺术、文学、科学等的）
E.疟疾
F.生理学；生理机能
1．physiology n.
2．artemisinin n.
3．malaria n.
4．academy n.
研究院；学会；专科院校
5．extract n.
6．wormwood n.
[答案]
1．F
2．B
3．E
4．D
5．C
6．A
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．a _ _ _ _ _ _ new treatment 一种至关重要的新疗法
[答案]crucial
2．play a _ _ _ _ role in our society 在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用
[答案]vital
3．be difficult to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 难以评估
[答案]evaluate
4．drink _ _ _ _ _ _ water 喝开水
[答案]boiled
5．the transition from _ _ _ _ _ _ to vapour 从液体到蒸气的转化
[答案]liquid
6．_ _ _ _ _ _ reliable evidence 获得可靠的证据
[答案]obtain
7．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the necessity of reform 承认改革的必要性
[答案]acknowledge
8．_ _ _ _ _ _ the opponent 击败对手
[答案]defeat
9．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lost in thought 显然陷入了沉思
[答案]apparently
10．find a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that worked 发现一种有效的物质
[答案]substance
11．_ _ _ _ _ _ on wearing a suit 坚持穿西装
[答案]insist
12．_ _ _ _ _ _ out on Sundays 星期天一般不在家
[答案]mostly
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［k m tId］ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）→commitment n.忠诚;投入；奉献；承诺
[答案]committed
2．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［ k d mi］ n.（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的
[答案]academy
3．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［ b d ekt v］ n.目标；目的 adj.客观的→（反义词） subjective adj.主观的→object n.物体；物品 v.反对，拒绝→objection n.反对；异议
[答案]objective
4．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［b t n kl］ adj.植物学的→botany n.植物学；地区植物总称→botanist n.植物学家
[答案]botanical
5．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［d st kt］ adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n.区别，差别;杰出，卓越→distinctive adj.独特的，与众不同的
[答案]distinct
6．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［ n la z］ vt.分析→analysis n.分析→analyst n.分析师
[答案]analyse
7．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［ sa n t f k］ adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的→scientifically adv.合乎科学地→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家
[答案]scientific
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Countless experiment failures _ _ _ _ _ _ （导致） a breakthrough in medical research， which has saved countless lives.
[答案]led to
2．After he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （毕业于） Harvard University， he started his own business and soon achieved remarkable success.
[答案]graduated from
3．I came across my old friend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （偶然） when I was looking for a rare book in the library.
[答案]by chance
4．We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （坚持） forming a team with the objective of solving the complex problem that has troubled our company for months.
[答案]insist on
5．After graduation， he actively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （投身于） the cause of environmental protection.
[答案]committed himself to
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．whose引导非限制性定语从句
This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou（co-winner）， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现）， a crucial new treatment for malaria.（Para.1）
[答案]whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin
2．过去分词作定语
In 1967， the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria， and Tu Youyou was among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （首批入选的研究人员）.（Para.2）
[答案]the first researchers chosen
3．动词不定式作目的状语
In 1969， she became the head of the project in Beijing， and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （以寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法）．（Para.2）
[答案]to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease
4．that引导宾语从句
She concluded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用特性）.（Para.3）
[答案]that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties
5．“Upon/On doing...”意为“当……时;一……就……”
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时）， she said， “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me， and all the people of my country.”（Para.4）
[答案]Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize
6．“It is an honour for...to do sth.”意为“对……来说，做某事是一种荣幸。”
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （对……来说这确实是一种荣幸） China's scientific research and Chinese medicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （被传播） around the world.（Para.4）
[答案]It is indeed an honour for； to be spread
创意课堂 点面突破
1 vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
【经典例句】Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
了解历史对于我们作为一个民族和一个国家来认识自己是至关重要的。
be vital to/for... 对……极为重要 be of vital importance 至关重要 It is vital （for...） to do sth./that...（should） do sth. 做某事至关重要。
【补全句子/一句多译】
（1） Education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （对社会的发展至关重要）， as it equips individuals with the needed knowledge and skills.
（2） 父母通过展示负责任的行为为孩子树立一个好榜样至关重要。
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by showing responsible behavior.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by showing responsible behavior.
[答案]
（1） is of vital importance to the development of a society
（2） It is vital for parents to set a good example for their children；It is vital that parents （should） set a good example for their children
2 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
【经典例句】 （教材P2） Tu Youyou， a committed and patient scientist， was born in Ningbo， China， on 30 December 1930， and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦是一位尽心尽力且有耐心的科学家，她于1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
（1）be committed to （doing） sth. 致力于（做）某事 （2）commit vt. 承诺；保证；犯（罪或错等） vi. 忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等） commit oneself to （doing） sth. 承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等）；致力于，投身于 （3）commitment n． 忠诚；投入；奉献；承诺 make a commitment to （doing） sth. 承诺/保证（做）某事
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
（1） [（北师大必修三U8）]In addition to her research， she has been whole-heartedly committed environmental protection.
（2） 她承诺通过采用均衡的饮食方式来改善健康。
→She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by adopting a balanced diet. （commit v.）
→She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by adopting a balanced diet. （commitment n.）
[答案]
（1） to
（2） committed herself to improving her health；made a commitment to improving her health
3 acknowledge vt.承认；（公开）感谢
【经典例句】What I really admire is that she has acknowledged good health not only makes us more beautiful， but happier， too！
我真正钦佩的是她承认健康不仅使我们更美丽，还使我们更快乐！
（1）acknowledge...to be/as... 承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事 It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家所公认的。 （2） acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
【单句语法填空/句型转换】
（1） Though Tom acknowledged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （defeat） in the English Speech Competition， his determined look showed that he would never give up.［读后续写之情绪描写］
（2） The university is widely acknowledged to take the lead in environmental studies， which attracts students from all over the world.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the university takes the lead in environmental studies， which attracts students from all over the world.
[答案]
（1） being defeated/having been defeated
（2） It is widely acknowledged that
4 defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；使困惑；难住
【经典例句】The reason why we suffered a defeat was that we hadn't made full preparations.
我们遭受失败的原因是我们没有做好充分的准备。
suffer a defeat 遭受失败 face defeat 面对失败 acknowledge/admit defeat 承认失败
【单句语法填空/语段填空】
（1） Although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （defeat）， I still felt it a rewarding experience as there was something more precious than victory.
（2） Despite their best efforts， the team _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （面临失败） in the championship game. They had fought bravely， but in the end， they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （承认失败） with grace， shaking hands with their opponents and congratulating them on their victory.［读后续写之动作描写］
[答案]
（1） defeated
（2） faced defeat；acknowledged/admitted defeat
5 apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
【经典例句】（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ） No one else can be a better choice than you， for apparently your name alone will be the best advertisement for our programme. 没有人比你更适合，因为很显然，单是你的名字就将是我们节目最好的宣传。
（1）As is apparently shown/mentioned above... 正如上面明显展示/提到的那样…… （2）apparent adj. 显而易见的 It is apparent that... 显然……
【补全句子/句式升级】
（1） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （正如上面明显提到的那样）， we can keep physically and mentally healthy by participating in after-class activities.［应用文写作之建议信］
（2） Apparently， climate change has become one of the most pressing global challenges.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ climate change has become one of the most pressing global challenges.
[答案]
（1） As is apparently mentioned above
（2） It is apparent that
6 insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
【经典例句】 （教材P3）Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保其安全性。
（1）insist on/upon （doing） sth.坚持（做）某事； （2）insist（坚决要求/主张） that...，从句用虚拟语气； （3）insist（坚持说/认为） that...，从句用陈述语气。
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
（1） He insisted that he _ _ （be） not old enough and that he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （send） there to work.
（2） 他们坚持要去博物馆而不是游乐园，认为这会更有教育意义。
→They _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ instead of the amusement park， thinking it more educational.
→They _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ instead of the amusement park， thinking it more educational.
[答案]
（1） was；（should） be sent
（2） insisted on going to the museum；insisted that they （should） go to the museum
7 “Upon/On doing...”意为“当……时；一……就……”
【经典例句】（教材P3）Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize， she said， “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me， and all the people of my country.”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我们国家的全体人民。”
引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”的还有： （1）immediately、instantly、directly； （2）as soon as； （3）the moment、the minute、the instant、the second； （4）no sooner...than...、hardly/scarcely...when...（当no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装）
【单句语法填空/句型转换】
（1） No sooner had I presented our findings to the class _ _ the class burst into applause.［读后续写之场景描写］
（2） _ _ instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin， I sighed in relief.
（3） As soon as she saw the breakfast， the mother felt a wave of happiness swept over her.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， the mother felt a wave of happiness swept over her. （on/upon doing）
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the mother felt a wave of happiness swept over her. （hardly...when...）［读后续写之情感描写］
[答案]
（1） than
（2） The
（3） On/Upon seeing the breakfast；Hardly did she see the breakfast when
8 “It is an honour for...to do sth.”意为“对……来说，做某事是一种荣幸。”
【经典例句】
①（教材P3）It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科研和中医药能够在全世界传播，这确实是一种荣幸。
②（外研选必一U5）It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 人们知道植物使用化学物质相互交流已经有一段时间了。
it作形式主语的常用句式： （1）It+be+名词短语（a pity、a fact、a good idea、no wonder...）+that从句； （2）It+be+形容词（strange、important、vital、necessary、obvious、possible...）+that从句； （3）It+be+过去分词（said、thought、believed、supposed、reported...）+that从句； （4）It+特殊动词/动词短语（strike、hit、occur to...）+sb.+that从句。
【完成句子/句型转换】
（1） 我突然意识到，像茶文化这样的传统文化具有巨大的魅力和价值。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ traditional culture like tea culture is of great charm and huge value. ［应用文写作之传统文化］
（2） （译林必修三U3）难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选途径。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that the majority of people turn to for information.
（3） The new president is said to come to power next month， which makes them very excited.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， which makes them very excited.
[答案]
（1） It struck/hit/occurred to me that
（2） It is no/No wonder that the Internet has now become the first place
（3） It is said that the new president will come to power next month
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．I was presented with a prize to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （承认） my contribution， making my efforts worthwhile.
[答案]acknowledge
2．She insisted on using only freshly b_ _ _ _ water for making tea， as it ensured the best flavor.
[答案]oiled
3．I haven't yet made a clear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （区别） between British English and American English.
[答案]distinction
4．The man they had saved was taken to the hospital to be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （评估）．
[答案]evaluated
5．From these facts we can conclude that we ought to adopt a more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （科学的） approach to preserving the traditional customs.
[答案]scientific
6．[（2023·浙江卷1月）]I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （显然） not been used in many years.
[答案]apparently
7．Though journalists are c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to presenting the truth， it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.
[答案]ommitted
8．While some people believe it is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （至关重要的） for scientific advancement， others raise moral concerns.
[答案]crucial/vital
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．Professor Yang Zhenning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （被公认为世界上最伟大的物理学家之一）.
[答案]is acknowledged as/to be one of the world's greatest physicists
2．Despite the heavy rain， she _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （坚持步行去商店） to buy her mother's favourite flowers for her birthday.
[答案]insisted on walking to the store
3．As we all know， success lies in hard work while laziness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （导致失败）.
[答案]leads to failure
4．It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （至关重要的） that we invest in renewable energy sources if we are to reduce our carbon footprint.
[答案]is of vital importance
5．The person I respect most is my uncle who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （致力于为病人治病） all his life.
[答案]is committed to curing patients of their diseases
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
The Scientist I Admire Most
When it comes to the scientist I admire most， Huang Xuhua is the first to come to my mind. Described as the “Father of China's Nuclear Submarines”， he dedicated his life to the development of China's submarine technology with great perseverance.
Originally， Huang Xuhua studied shipbuilding. In the early days of our New China， it suddenly struck him that China needed powerful nuclear submarines to safeguard its national security. He left his hometown and family in the 1950s 1. （全身心投入；动词不定式作目的状语） the top-secret nuclear submarine research project.
For decades， Huang Xuhua and his team worked quietly with no contact with the outside. After years of hard work， China's first nuclear submarine was successfully launched. 2. （当听到这个消息时；Upon/On doing...）， the whole nation was filled with pride. With such great achievements， Huang Xuhua remained modest. When interviewed， he stressed 3. （能为祖国做贡献对他来说是一种莫大的荣幸；it is an honour for...to do sth.）.
Devoted to the country， Huang Xuhua is an example to me， 4. （他的无私奉献和坚定信念将激励我不断前进；whose 引导非限制性定语从句）.
[答案]
1．to fully commit himself to
2．Upon/On hearing the news
3．it was a great honour for him to be able to make contributions to the motherland
4．whose selfless dedication and firm belief will inspire me to keep moving forward
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．They collect blood samples for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （analyse） at a national laboratory.
[答案]analysis
2．When eating hotpot, you can put everything you like in the _ _ _ _ _ _ （boil） water in the pot.
[答案]boiling
3．And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （commit） Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
[答案]commitment
4．Three professors were asked to carry out an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （evaluate） of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers.
[答案]evaluation
5．The aim of studying Chinese is to cultivate our literary sense through the reading of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （acknowledge） masterpieces.
[答案]acknowledged
6．Their first attempt to make popcorn failed, but they didn't give up. The brave boys wouldn't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （defeat） by the temporary failure.
[答案]be defeated
7．There is a general recognition that many teenagers don't have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （science） learning strategies.
[答案]scientific
8．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （apparent）, the information obtained from the website is not true.
[答案]Apparently
维度二 固定用法和搭配
1．I came here chance and was just watching what was going on, when this girl came up to me.
[答案]by
2．In the end, he acknowledged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （obtain） his father's financial support.
[答案]obtaining/having obtained
3．As a consequence of some solid evidence, the police officer insisted that he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （break） the traffic rules.
[答案]had broken
4．You are heading for a completely different world, now that you are about to graduate _ _ high school.
[答案]from
5．The company is closing down two of its factories, leading many people losing their jobs.
[答案]to
6．Hardly had I got the chance to explain _ _ she rushed into the pouring rain.
[答案]when
7．I'm more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family. is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.
[答案]It
8．Both sides are committed pushing forward this vitally important relationship between our two countries.
[答案]to
维度三 完成句子/一句多译
1．一听到铃声，所有的学生就以最快的速度冲出了教室。（Upon/On doing...）
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , all the students rushed out of the classroom as quickly as they could.
[答案]Upon/On hearing the bell
2．如果我们要确保后代的可持续发展，保护自然资源是至关重要的。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if we are to ensure sustainable development for future generations.
[答案]It is vital to preserve our natural resources
3．我很荣幸被邀请在贵校毕业典礼上发表演讲。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at the graduation ceremony in your school.
[答案]It is an honour for me to be invited to deliver my speech
4．尽管实验又一次失败了，但是他坚决要求再给他一次机会。
（1） Although the experiment failed again, he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ．
（2） Although the experiment failed again, he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]
（1） insisted on being given another chance
（2） insisted that he （should） be given another chance
5．人们公认水是维持地球生命的基本资源。
（1） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for sustaining life on Earth.
（2） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for sustaining life on Earth.
[答案]
（1） Water is acknowledged as/to be an essential resource
（2） It is acknowledged that water is an essential resource
维度四 融合教材·主题探究
【改编自译林必修三U4】
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu Youyou studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she 1 at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed 2 training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a（n） 3 knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine．
Tu's education was soon to 4 very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a 5 for the disease. She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. When they 6 to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 7 by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu 8 the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be 9 because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its 10 , Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally 11 . In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since 12 about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was 13 awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further 14 the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise 15 to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
1．A. committed B. worked C. evaluated D. founded
2．A. further B. better C. more D. fewer
3．A. precise B. true C. broad D. awesome
4．A. explain B. find C. obtain D. prove
5．A. cure B. substance C. science D. theory
6．A. defeated B. failed C. managed D. encountered
7．A. Discouraged B. Confused C. Inspired D. Inferred
8．A. redesigned B. recovered C. delayed D. ended
9．A. accelerated B. completed C. postponed D. defeated
10．A. effectiveness B. efficiency C. safety D. function
11．A. gave off B. paid off C. cut off D. showed off
12．A. astonished B. assessed C. delighted D. benefited
13．A. obviously B. faithfully C. hopefully D. eventually
14．A. appreciate B. possess C. explore D. share
15．A. it B. them C. her D. herself
[答案]
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．D
5．A
6．B
7．C
8．A
9．C
10．C
11．B
12．D
13．D
14．C
15．A
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[（2025·江苏靖江高级中学期中）]A
Kelli Boehle says her son Nik was an amazing and caring person. Nik was diagnosed with cancer in 2008 when he was 17. He passed away in 2012. But Nik's kindness and generosity have lived on long after his death.
After he was diagnosed and started treatment, Nik was granted （给予） a wish experience from the Make-A-Wish Foundation. “For just this period of time, we didn't think about cancer,” Kelli Boehle said. “All we thought about was enjoying our time together.”
In 2009, Nik met another young man Nate, who was also going through cancer treatment. He'd been diagnosed a month after turning 18, and Nik learned he was too old to qualify for a wish. The night before Nik passed away, he asked his mother to help ensure that young adults fighting cancer could have their wishes come true too.
“It was like a seed he planted that just wouldn't stop coming into my mind, ” she said. In 2012, Kelli Boehle started Nik's Wish. The nonprofit grants wishes to young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 who are battling cancer. Nate was the organization's first wish recipient. “It's meant to bring them joy and know that they're loved and that we're fighting for them, too, ” Kelli Boehle said.
Recently, 19-year-old Jordan Morrow received her wish to attend a concert as part of a trip to Los Angeles. For Morrow, who has spent the last year battling brain cancer, going to the concert has done more than lift her spirits. “I think it's something to get me through whatever comes my way, ”she said. “And I'm thankful for Nik's Wish for that.”
In these years since Nik passed away, the organization has granted more than 300 wishes across more than 30 states. In the beginning, Kelli Boehle says she wasn't sure she could be a wish maker and work closely with the young adults. But now, it's her favorite thing to do.
1．What is the goal of Nik's Wish
A. To make commercial profits.
B. To cure the youth of their cancer.
C. To ease young patients of pains.
D. To support young adults fighting cancer.
2．Which word best describes Kelli Boehle
A. Intelligent. B. Selfless.
C. Straightforward. D. Ambitious.
3．What can we learn from Jordan Morrow's words
A. She survived the deadly disease.
B. She was granted more than one wish.
C. She was motivated by the organization.
D. She lifted people's spirits by performing.
4．What is the best title for the passage
A. Pay-It-Forward: A Mother's Last Wish
B. Cancer Battles: Stories of Hope and Perseverance
C. Nik's Wish: Fulfilling Wishes for Young Cancer Fighters
D. Make-A-Wish Foundation: Granting Dreams to Young Adults
[答案]
1．D
2．B
3．C
4．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The nonprofit grants wishes to young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 who are battling cancer.”可知，这个组织的目标是支持年轻人与癌症作斗争。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The night before Nik passed away...have their wishes come true too.”和第四段中的“It was like a seed...my mind ”“The nonprofit grants wishes...battling cancer.”可知，她创办非营利组织，帮助与癌症作斗争的年轻人，由此可推知，她是无私的。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“For Morrow...more than lift her spirits.” 及乔丹·莫罗的话可推知，她受到了这个组织的激励。
4．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中的“In 2012, Kelli Boehle started Nik's Wish...who are battling cancer.”可知，文章主要讲述了凯莉·波埃尔创办非营利组织，帮助与癌症作斗争的年轻人实现愿望的故事。因此，C项适合作文章标题。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯莉·波埃尔创办非营利组织Nik's Wish，帮助与癌症作斗争的年轻人实现愿望的故事。
[（2025·福州六校期中联考）]B
I received my architectural training in Italy, earning a traditional degree that didn't involve working with Computer-Aided Design （CAD）. However, my journey with computers began through my passion for music, using sound sampling systems, which catch the “sound reality” of an instrument, and also computer-assisted music composition systems. Little did I know that this exploration would greatly influence my approach to computer science and AI in the years to come.
Self-taught in computer science during my architectural studies, I sought opportunities to specialize further. Ultimately, my journey led me to a pioneering laboratory in Marseille, France, known for its groundbreaking work in computer science applied to architecture. Surrounded by a community of innovators, I improved my skills to explore the transformative power of technology in preserving cultural heritage.
In 2019, the world watched in horror as Notre Dame de Paris （巴黎圣母院） was consumed in flames. Determined to contribute to the restoration efforts, I took the lead in developing a digital ecosystem for the restoration operation. We developed groundbreaking AI tools generating 3D representations from photographs. By tracking the position and shape of voussoirs （拱石）, and digitizing them from photographs, we were able to use the fine geometric information of the voussoirs to reconstruct the arch, thus giving valuable information to the architects about the structure, the exact geometry, and especially about constructive details of the oldest areas of the church from the 13th century. Notably, AI played a pivotal role in the process.
As the restoration project progresses, the AI-driven preservation continues to advance. This knowledge will definitely serve as raw material to be used for AI systems, for example, for studies that can be extended to other buildings.
5．What led the author to computer science initially
A. Composing music with CAD.
B. Exploring computers for music.
C. Studying for a degree in architecture.
D. Developing sound sampling systems.
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The application of AI in restoration.
B. The structure of Notre Dame de Paris.
C. The destruction of Notre Dame de Paris.
D. The development of AI digital ecosystem.
7．What does the underlined word “pivotal” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Secondary. B. Independent. C. Discouraging. D. Crucial.
8．What is the author's attitude towards the AI-driven preservation
A. Indifferent. B. Skeptical. C. Optimistic. D. Objective.
[答案]
5．B
6．A
7．D
8．C
[解析]
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, my journey with computers began through my passion for music...computer-assisted music composition systems.”可知，作者最初是为了音乐去探索电脑，从而进入计算机科学领域的。
6．段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Determined to contribute to the restoration efforts...role in the process.”可知，第三段主要介绍了人工智能在修复中的应用。
7．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“As the restoration project progresses, the AI-driven preservation continues to advance.”可知，人工智能在修复过程中发挥了重要作用。因此，画线词意为“重要的”。
8．观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者对人工智能驱动保护持乐观态度。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者在计算机科学领域的探索以及发现，说明了人工智能在修复文物中发挥的重要作用。
Ⅱ.完形填空
To become the Olympic champion in the individual（个人） all-around event， Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 1 best. She had to pack up her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 2 to her two dogs and to the beach， where she loved to ride waves on her board. But it was 3 to take the leap （飞跃）， however 4 it would be. Even at 14， Douglas knew that. So she 5 about 1,200 miles away from home， to 6 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 7 and everything was new to her.
As it turned out， Douglas did 8 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 9 two Russians. The Chinese coach 10 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyrocket（飞涨） from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 11 the Olympic all-around title，she was admired by many American women. She 12 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 13 all along that she would win.
Not so long ago，Martha Karolyi，the coordinator （协调员） of the women's national team， did not think Douglas had what it 14 to be an Olympian. As time went by，she thought more and more that she could make the London Games—and win.
“I'm going to inspire so many people，” she said.“I'm ready to 15 .” And shine she did.
1．A. judged B. thought C. knew D. tried
2．A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no
3．A. common B. time C. fun D. tough
4．A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking
C. eye-catching D. head-spinning
5．A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
6．A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train
7．A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
8．A. occasionally B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly
9．A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted
10．A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put
11．A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
12．A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led
13．A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy
14．A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
15．A. fly B. shine C. dance D. score
[答案]
1．C
2．A
3．B
4．B
5．D
6．D
7．A
8．C
9．A
10．B
11．C
12．D
13．A
14．D
15．B
[解析]
1．根据下文“She had to pack up...ride waves on her board.”可知，此处指她不得不离开她最熟悉（know）的一切。
2．根据上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she best”可知，加贝·道格拉斯不得不向她的两只狗和海滩说再见（goodbye）。
3．根据下文“The Chinese coach...the top of the sport.”可知，此处指“是时候飞跃了”。“it is time to do sth.”意为“是该做某事的时候了”。
4．根据上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she best”可知，加贝·道格拉斯不得不离开她最熟悉的一切，这是非常令人心碎的（heartbreaking）。
5．根据下文“about 1,200 miles away from home， to with a coach from China”可知，她离开（go off）家约1 200英里，跟着一名来自中国的教练训练（train）。
6．参见上题解析。
7．根据下文“and everything was new to her”可知，她和一个从未谋面（meet）的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是陌生的。
8．根据下文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”可知，这正是（exactly）她成为奥运冠军需要做的。
9．根据下文“By the Olympic all-around title”可知，道格拉斯击败（defeat）了两名俄罗斯选手，获得了奥运冠军。
10．根据下文“helping her skyrocket...the top of the sport”可知，这位中国教练把道格拉斯变成了世界上最好的体操运动员之一。“transform sb.into...”意为“把某人转变成……”。
11．根据下文“She said she had felt...she would win.”可知，通过赢得（win）奥运会全能冠军，她受到了很多美国女性的钦佩。
12．根据上文“By the Olympic all-around title”和下文“from beginning to end”可知，她自始至终在比赛中领先（lead）。
13．根据下文she would win及语境可知，她一直很自信（confident）,相信自己会赢。
14．根据下文“As time went by...and win.”可知，女子国家队协调员玛莎·卡罗利起初并不认为道格拉斯具备（take）成为奥运选手的条件。
15．根据下文“And shine she did.”可知，她准备好闪耀（shine）了，她也确实闪耀了。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加贝·道格拉斯从一个普通的国家队运动员到成为世界上最好的运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军的故事。
Ⅲ.语法填空
[（2025·河北师大附中月考）]Born in 1852, Antoni Gaudí devoted his life to architecture. He was one of the leaders and the most famous representatives of Catalan Modernism.
Gaudí was famous for his unique way of 1. （design） buildings. He would never use plans or technical drawings for his projects. Instead, he would make scale models. That approach is 2. （understand） when we know he was mainly influenced by nature for his buildings. If the pillar （柱子） 3. （look） like a tree, it's easier to model it than 4. （make） an architectural drawing of it. Gaudí focused on every detail in his work and designed everything from furniture to decorations. He invented 5. unique technique, in which he used waste ceramic （陶瓷） pieces and made decorations with them. During his career, Antoni Gaudí, 6. inspiration was from nature, mainly worked in the Catalan Modernism style.
Gaudí died on June 10th, 1926. Since 2013, that date has been celebrated 7. World Art Nouveau Day. After his death, Gaudí's works were first criticized. 8. , around the mid-20th century, his legacy （遗产） got praised by artists such as Salvador Dalí. In 1957, Gaudí's first international 9. （exhibit） was organized at MoMA in New York. So far today, seven of his works 10. （declare） World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
[答案]
1．designing
2．understandable
3．looks
4．to make
5．a
6．whose
7．as
8．However
9．exhibition
10．have been declared
[解析]
1．考查动名词。根据空前的介词of可知,此处应用动名词形式作of的宾语。
2．考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词作表语。
3．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据主句谓语时态及上下文语境可知,此处描述客观事实,If引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时；look与其逻辑主语the pillar之间为主动关系；且主语 the pillar是可数名词单数,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
4．考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并根据空前的than可知,此处应用动词不定式与to model构成两个在形式上对等的比较对象。
5．考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处表示 “一种独特的技术”,为泛指意义,应用不定冠词,且unique 的发音以辅音音素开头,其前应用不定冠词a。
6．考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Antoni Gaudí,设空处在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词inspiration。
7．考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处应为介词,根据句意可知,此处应用as,意为“作为”。
8．考查副词。根据上下文语境可知,上下文之间为转折关系,且空后有逗号隔开,所以此处应用副词however,设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。
9．考查名词。分析句子结构可知,此处为名词作主语,根据句子的谓语动词was organized可知,此处应为名词单数形式。
10．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据句中的时间状语So far today可知,句子应用现在完成时；主语seven of his works与declare之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为复数形式,助动词也应用复数形式。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界级建筑艺术大师安东尼·高迪。
Period 2 Learning About Language
非限制性定语从句
要义详析 探究语法
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
感知经典
（1）（教材P2）In the beginning， Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common， to study malaria patients. 在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了疟疾更为常见的海南来研究疟疾患者。
（2）（教材P3）Later， the medicine was tested on malaria patients， most of whom recovered.
后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。
（3）（教材P3）This medicine， which was called artemisinin， soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。
（4）（2024·浙江卷1月） Of course， shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money.
当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。
（5）（2023·北京卷） Rankings， however， are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
然而，排名只是高等教育教学不受重视的原因之一。
明晰规则
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可去掉，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句句意完整
表现形式 从句与先行词之间不加逗号 从句与先行词之间加逗号
先行词 名词、代词或名词性短语 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句
关系词 所有的关系词均可引导限制性定语从句，作宾语的关系代词可以省略 that和why不引导非限制性定语从句，关系词无论作何成分均不可省略
二、关系词在非限制性定语从句中的使用
感知经典
（1）This is our headmaster， who I think has something crucial to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有至关重要的事情要告诉你。
（2）I have two foreign teachers， both of whom are from America.
我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。
（3）There are twenty students in this class， whose backgrounds are different.
这个班级有20名学生，他们的背景各不相同。
（4）He lived in a small town，which was surrounded by mountains.
他住在一个小镇上，小镇被群山环绕。
（5）He has been busy with his work the whole holiday， which makes his parents unhappy.
整个假期他都忙于工作，这让他的父母很不高兴。
（6）We will put off the outing until next Sunday， when/on which we won't be so busy.
我们将推迟郊游到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。
（7） Yesterday， they went to have a picnic in the park， where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
明晰规则
关系词 指代 所作成分
关系代词 who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
which 指物、整个主句或主句的一部分 主语、宾语、表语
whose 指人或指物 定语
关系副词 where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
when 时间名词 时间状语
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
感知经典
（1）As we all know， various Chinese foods are associated with culture.
众所周知，各种中国食物都与文化相关。
（2）The number of tourists， as is reported， has increased by 17 percent in just one year.
据报道，游客的数量在一年内上升了17%。
（3）He is late for class again， as/which is often the case.
他上课又迟到了，情况经常如此。
（4）He failed in the English exam， which made his father very angry.
他英语考试不及格，这让他的父亲很生气。
（5）（2023·全国甲卷） She even played some recordings of their singing， which was fun.
她甚至播放了一些他们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。
明晰规则
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代名词、代词，又可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之中或之后
成分 可作主语、宾语、表语（但一般不作实义动词的主语） 可作主语、宾语、表语
意义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事
as也可引导限制性定语从句，但通常用于“such...as...”、“as...as...”、“so...as...”、“the same...as...”结构中。
＊He gave such a detailed explanation as he could， ensuring everyone could understand the concept.
他尽可能详细地解释，确保每个人都能理解这个概念。
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[（2024·全国甲卷）]Today I'd like to focus on some major developments， _ _ _ _ include shared bicycles， high-speed trains and new energy vehicles.
[答案]which
2．[（2023·全国乙卷）]But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
[答案]that/which
3．[（2023·北京卷）]Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago， _ _ _ _ thousands were attending a water conference.
[答案]where
4．The sports meeting will be put off till next month， _ _ we will have made all the preparations.
[答案]when
5．Then he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway， _ _ _ _ he gained valuable experience in railway engineering.
[答案]where
6． all his friends say， he is usually warm-hearted， loving and generous.
[答案]As
7．They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area，_ _ _ _ they also did some climbing.
[答案]where
Ⅱ.语法与写作（用非限制性定语从句升级下列句子）
1．We should pay attention to small details. This can guarantee to succeed in the end.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee to succeed in the end.
2．The foreign guests were warmly welcomed at the airport. Most of them were successful businessmen.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]The foreign guests, most of whom were successful businessmen, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
3．It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]As has been announced，we shall have our final exam next month.
4．We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]We walked down the village street，where people were having a market day.
5．Following the girl， we went into a hall. On its walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Following the girl, we went into a hall, on whose walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 单句语法填空
1．[（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ）]Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, _ _ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
[答案]who
2．[（2023·全国甲卷）]There was once a town in the heart of America _ _ _ _ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.
[答案]where
3．[（2023·天津卷6月）]My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of _ _ _ _ had been chosen by Mom.
[答案]which
4． is often the case, I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from the paper.
[答案]As
5．There, he met a young girl called Mary, _ _ wanted to find her family in Nepal.
[答案]who
6．You have a full preparation before this event, _ _ _ _ is the most important reason why you show up here．
[答案]which
7．Two hundred participants participated in the running race with high spirits, most of _ _ were students and teachers．
[答案]whom
8．It is the third time that she has won the race，_ _ _ _ has surprised us all.
[答案]which
9．[（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）]You are our distinguished foreign language teacher, _ _ _ _ aid can help us a lot.
[答案]whose
10．[（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）]I painted the scenery of the park, _ _ _ _ the willow branches were dancing in the breeze and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily.
[答案]where
11．Tom's colleagues were deeply appreciative of his help, without _ _ _ _ support they would not have succeeded.
[答案]whose
12．The girl with curly hair lost her badge, _ _ _ _ annoyed her much.
[答案]which
13．Millions of people died in the early 19th century, _ _ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe.
[答案]when
14．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ _ _ _ uses it somewhat differently.
[答案]which
15．Some people wear masks only in crowds, _ _ _ _ they may come into contact with lots of germs.
[答案]where
16．Today only some of the older generation of rafters still operate the traditional sheepskin rafts, _ _ are struggling to make a living.
[答案]who
17． is known to us, health and environmental problems have become the focus of attention.
[答案]As
18．I have the same book he has, so you can borrow it and don't need to buy one.
[答案]as
19．Many young people, most of _ _ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
[答案]whom
20．In the center of our school lies our library, _ _ _ _ is between the garden and the teaching building.
[答案]which
维度二 语法与写作
1．[（2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文）]总之，我们都期待着上你的课，在那里我们可以借此机会提高我们的英语口语。
In conclusion, we all look forward to attending your class, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ．
[答案]where we can take the chance to improve our oral English
2．[（2024·全国甲卷满分作文）]众所周知，交通方式的改变将给人们的生活带来巨大的变化。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , changes in transportation will bring great changes to people's lives.
[答案]As we all know/As is known to us all
3．[（2024·浙江卷1月满分作文）]作为学生，我们经常长时间坐在教室里，这会导致肥胖和背痛等健康问题。
As students, we often spend long hours sitting in class, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]which can lead to health problems such as obesity and back pain
4．[（2024·浙江卷1月满分作文）]老师注意到了她的努力，称赞了她的创新思维。
Her efforts were noticed by the teacher, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]who praised her innovative thinking
5．我们会等到明天，届时将发布正式公告。
We will wait until tomorrow, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]when the official announcement is expected to be made
6．[（2024·北京卷）]廷尼斯伍德不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为节制有助于他在漫长的一生中保持健康。
Tinniswood, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.
[答案]who doesn't smoke and rarely drinks
7．他于1992年逃离家乡，当时他只有12岁。
He fled his hometown in 1992， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]when he was only 12 years old
8．[（2022·浙江卷1月）]她还承认，研究的女性人数相对较少，她们都来自瑞典，因此研究结果可能不适用于其他群体。
She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
[答案]all of whom were from Sweden
维度三 语篇填空
When Li Hua was young，he worked on an old farm, 1. there were few young people. He felt very lonely. He often walked near the village in his free time， hoping to talk to some villagers. One day， he came across an old man, 2. used to be a brave soldier when he was young. Li Hua found the old man so interesting that he made friends with him. Once， the old man told him his experiences in the battles， most of 3. were very affecting. Li Hua was moved by the old man's story and he decided to write a novel. As a result， the novel attracted so many people， among 4. was a young woman. The woman, 5. husband was a famous director，was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband. 6. we all know，a clever director won't give up a good story. One year later， the film, 7. was adapted from that novel， became a big hit.
[答案]
1．where
2．who
3．which
4．whom
5．whose
6．As
7．which
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make a difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both.
Together, these deep human urges （驱策力） count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only to recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his child's heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it.
The way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
1．What is the author's purpose in writing the first paragraph？
A. To present an argument. B. To make a comparison.
C. To reach a conclusion. D. To propose a definition.
2．What does the example of Galileo tell us
A. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
B. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
C. Creativity results from challenging authority.
D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
A. Observe the unknown around you.
B. Develop a questioning mind.
C. Lead a life of adventure.
D. Follow the fashion.
4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
[答案]
1．A
2．D
3．B
4．C
[解析]
1．写作意图题。根据第一段关键句“After years of observing human nature, I have decided...of average performance—curiosity and discontent.”可知，作者在第一段提出了文章的论点，告诉读者成就卓越的人和表现一般的人的区别在哪里。由此可推知，作者旨在提出一个论点。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者通过伽利略的例子告诉读者，好奇心和不满足这些驱策力，比有抱负重要得多，历史上所有伟大的人物，他们的成功正是因为对事物的好奇和不断探索。由此可推知，伽利略的例子告诉读者伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。
3．推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可知，唤起好奇心和不满足感，需要做与段落中相反的事，即要不满足于现状，勇于探索，勇于提出问题。由此可推知，通过培养质疑的思维来重新找回好奇心和不满足感。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段和最后一段可知，这两段强调的是不要因为自己没有时间和才能而不去采取行动，并建议读者记住没有比现在更好的开始时间，因为你永远不会比此刻更有活力。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了好奇心和不满足感对成功的重要性，这两种深层次的人类驱策力比雄心壮志更重要。文章建议读者激发好奇心和不满足感，并勇于接触新事物和挑战传统，不断提高自己。
[（2025·湖南多校期中联考）]B
The Ig Nobel Prizes, established in 1991, are an amusing alternative to the distinguished Nobel Prizes, honoring research that “makes people laugh, then think”. The name is a clever wordplay on “ignoble”， meaning something lacking honor, reflecting the humorous and unconventional nature of the discoveries. However, beneath the foolishness often lies great scientific value, showing that curiosity can lead to significant understanding, even from seemingly insignificant questions.
The prizes draw attention to a range of odd but fascinating studies. Last year, some researchers were awarded for demonstrating that real plants can copy the appearance of artificial ones they are planted alongside, revealing the remarkable adaptability of nature. Another study demonstrated that dead fish can swim upstream by using energy from fast-moving water currents, which could inspire energy-efficient designs in engineering. Additionally, a probability experiment involving more than 350,000 coin throws revealed that a thrown coin is more likely to land on the side it started from, offering unexpected understanding into chance and probability.
In previous years, similarly quirky studies have been honored. In 2004, one of the Ig Nobel Prizes was awarded to Jillian Clarke. She investigated the scientific soundness of the “five-second rule”, a popular belief that food dropped on the floor is still safe to eat if picked up within five seconds. Some 2006 Ig Nobel Prize winners found that female malaria mosquitoes （蚊子） are equally attracted to the smell of human feet and Limburger cheese. This research, which won the Biology Prize, suggests that these odors could be used to develop innovative mosquito control methods.
Held annually in mid-September, around the time the real Nobel Prizes are announced, the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony is a unique mixture of humor and science, where real Nobel Prize winners present the awards. The event contains a number of running jokes, including Miss Sweetie Poo, a little girl who repeatedly cries out “Please stop, I'm bored”, if speakers go on too long. Paper airplanes are traditionally thrown by the audience, adding to the funny nature of the event.
5．What is the main purpose of the Ig Nobel Prizes
A. To provide an alternative to the traditional Nobel Prizes.
B. To recognize research that is purely humorous.
C. To recognize humorous science research.
D. To award the smallest scientific studies.
6．What does the study of coin throwing reveal
A. Possibility cannot be predicted with certainty.
B. Human belief influences the probability of a result.
C. The end result is always uncertain, with a 50/50 chance.
D. Coins tend to land on the side they start from.
7．What does the underlined word “quirky” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Unusual or unconventional. B. Standard or typical.
C. Boring or uninteresting. D. Disordered or unstructured.
8．Who presents the Ig Nobel Prizes to the winners
A. Scientists having a sense of humor.
B. Political or social celebrities.
C. Real Nobel Prize winners.
D. Ig Nobel Prize organizers.
[答案