人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND课时学案（教师用）

UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
明晰目标——构建单元体系
［核心单词］
devote shortage tackle
boost convince attain assumption
overcome expand output estimate
comprise generate leisure celebrity
vision reality salty urban
chemical nutrition poverty organic
widespread digest essential alternative
depth entirely aspect
［重点短语］
devote...to，be comprised of，deep down，at home and abroad，in turn，for instance
［重点句型］
1.given that引导条件状语从句
2.not only...but also...
3.现在分词（短语）作结果状语
［单元语法］
主语从句
［写作任务］
表达观点的议论文
主题引领——话题语基培优
［Problems and Solutions］
soil pollution 土壤污染
lead to loss of soil and water 导致水土流失
face food shortage 面临食物短缺
starve to death 饿死
improve soil productivity 提高土壤生产力
sustainable farming 可持续耕种
solve the problem of... 解决……的问题
keep the ecological balance 保持生态平衡
［Crops］
grain n. 谷物；谷粒
yield n. 产量
peanut n. 花生
wheat n. 小麦
pea n. 豌豆
hybrid rice 杂交水稻
［Production］
plant vt. 栽种，种植，播种
pesticide n. 杀虫剂，农药
sow vt. & vi. 播种，种
harvest vt. & vi. 收割（庄稼）
drip irrigation 滴灌
control pests 防治害虫
pest management 病虫害管理
vertical farm 垂直农场
poor/dry/fertile soil 贫瘠/干旱/肥沃的土壤
organic/chemical farming 有机/化学耕作
increase/expand the output greatly 极大地提高产量
话题佳句
1.People tend to love agricultural products grown without the use of fertilizers， pesticides or chemical additives. 人们往往喜欢那些种植过程中未使用化肥、农药和化学添加剂的农产品。
2.Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain， and consequently to human health.
化学污染将给农业和食物链带来威胁，进而威胁到人类健康。
3.The farmers' living conditions have improved significantly ever since the policy of supporting agriculture was introduced.
自从实行支持农业的政策以来，农民的生活状况已经得到了显著改善。
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
精读课文 语篇理解
Activity 1 Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Ways to increase the rice output.
B. Yuan Longping's dreams.
C. Yuan Longping's super hybrid rice.
D. Yuan Longping—an agricultural pioneer.
[答案]D
Activity 2 Structure and Clues
[答案]considered； relieve； fame or fortune； fulfil
Activity 3 Reading for Details
1．Why did Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer
A. He was born in a farmer family.
B. He was known as the “father of hybrid rice”．
C. He was educated at an agricultural college.
D. He continually worked the land in his research.
[答案]D
2．What's the main advantage of hybrid crops
A. They usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.
B. They taste more delicious than conventional crops.
C. They look better than conventional crops.
D. They can sell better than conventional crops.
[答案]A
3．Which of the following can we know from the passage
A. Yuan Longping lived a life of leisure.
B. Most experts on agriculture agreed on the possibility of developing a kind of hybrid rice.
C. “Seawater rice” is a kind of rice that has a low output.
D. Yuan Longping was not interested in becoming famous or wealthy.
[答案]D
4．How does the author show Yuan's qualities
A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons.
C. By listing numbers. D. By explaining causes.
[答案]B
Activity 4 Structural Analysis
1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.（Para.2）
［分析］ 本句中what引导_ _ 从句，在从句中作_ _ ，谓语动词用单数形式；that引导_ _ 从句，在句子中不作成分，没有含义。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]主语； 主语； 表语； 然而，最让他忧心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺粮。
2．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.（Para.4）
［分析］ 本句中it 作_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，真正的主语是that引导的从句；generated from Yuan's hybrid strains为过去分词短语作_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ；“to produce...per year”为动词不定式短语作_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]形式主语； 后置定语； 宾语补足语； 据估计，现在中国国内消耗的约60%的大米是由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种生产的水稻组成的，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约2亿吨大米。
3．Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy， one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.（Para.5）
［分析］ 本句中Given that 引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 从句；he would have retired to a life of leisure是_ _ 从句，省略了连词that。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]条件状语； 宾语； 考虑到袁隆平的杂交水稻使他变得相当富有，人们可能认为他已经退休，享受闲适的生活。
Activity 5 Grammar Filling for the passage
Yuan Longping， 1. （know） as the “father of hybrid rice”， considered himself a farmer. When he was young， 2. concerned him most was farmers' 3. （short） of food to eat， so he chose to study agriculture at college. After graduating in 1953， he worked as a researcher and devoted himself to 4. （create） a kind of hybrid rice， which could attain a 5. （high） yield. In 1974， he succeeded in making it 6. reality. Today， about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China 7. （comprise） of crops generated from his hybrid strains， for which he has received numerous 8. （award） both in China and abroad. But the humorous old “farmer”， caring little 9. celebrity or money， insisted on living a simple life. Despite his advanced years， he kept trying 10. （fulfil） his dreams of ridding the world of hunger.
[答案]
1．known
2．what
3．shortage
4．creating
5．higher
6．a
7．is comprised
8．awards
9．for
10．to fulfil
Activity 6 Discussion
1．What can we learn from great scientists like Yuan Longping？
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Open answers.
2．If you have the chance to do something to help end hunger in the world， what will you do
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Open answers.
自查语基 知能落实
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
A.扫把；扫帚；金雀花
B.杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车
C.（动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力
D.展望；想象
E.授粉；传粉
F.高粱；高粱米
G.产量；产出
1．hybrid n.
2．yield n.
3．pollinate vt.
4．strain n.
5．envision vt.
6．sorghum n.
7．broom n.
[答案]
1．B
2．G
3．E
4．C
5．D
6．F
7．A
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．_ _ _ _ _ _ future challenges 应对未来的挑战
[答案]tackle
2．face a financial _ _ _ _ _ _ 面临财政危机
[答案]crisis
3．_ _ _ _ our confidence 增强我们的自信心
[答案]boost
4．Chinese _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 中国特色
[答案]characteristic
5．_ _ _ _ _ _ the people's trust 取信于民
[答案]attain
6．_ _ _ _ _ _ competition 激烈的竞争
[答案]intense
7．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ technical difficulties 克服技术困难
[答案]overcome
8．an _ _ _ _ _ _ device 输出装置
[答案]output
9．be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of 由……组成
[答案]comprised
10．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ electricity 发电
[答案]generate
11．a life of _ _ _ _ _ _ 一种闲适的生活
[答案]leisure
12．the study of rocks and _ _ _ _ 对岩石和土壤的研究
[答案]soils
13．TV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 电视名人
[答案]celebrities
14．a few _ _ _ _ _ _ of rice 几粒大米
[答案]grains
15．have good _ _ _ _ _ _ 有良好的视力
[答案]vision
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［d v t］ vt.把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；全心全意的；挚爱的→devotion n.热爱；献身；奉献
[答案]devote
2．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［ :t d ］ n.不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的；不足的
[答案]shortage
3．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［k n v ns］ vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convinced adj.坚信的，确信的；坚定不移的→convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
[答案]convince
4．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［k n ven nl］ adj.传统的；习惯的→convention n.传统；习惯；习俗；常规→conventionally adv.照惯例，照常套
[答案]conventional
5．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［ s mp n］ n.假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得→assume v.假定；设想→assuming conj.假设
[答案]assumption
6．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［ k sp nd］vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展（业务）→expansion n.扩展；扩大
[答案]expand
7．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［ est m t］ vt.估计；估价；估算n.估计；估算→estimated adj.估计的→estimation n.估计；评价
[答案]estimate
8．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［k n s mp n］ n.消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消费，消耗
[答案]consumption
9．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［ri l ti］ n.现实；实际情况；事实→real adj.真实的；真正的
[答案]reality
10．_ _ _ _ ［ s :lti］ adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n.盐
[答案]salty
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Only by experiencing the hardship of life can we learn to understand and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （关心） others， forming good labor habits.
[答案]care for
2．[（2023·全国甲卷）]I would like to introduce a prominent figure in Chinese history， Confucius， who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （致力于） education.
[答案]devoted himself to
3．It is said that this international medical aid team _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （由……组成） volunteers with diverse medical backgrounds from different countries.
[答案]is comprised of
4．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （在内心深处）， they realise that happiness can't be bought， but it can be shared.
[答案]Deep down
5．Professor Yang is one of the most influential figures in physics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （在国内外）.
[答案]at home and abroad
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．修辞之明喻
Indeed， his slim but strong body _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （看起来和千千万万的中国农民一样）， to whom he had devoted his life.（Para.1）
[答案]was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers
2．what引导主语从句
However， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （最让他忧心的是） farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.（Para.2）
[答案]what concerned him most was that
3．it作形式主语
Today， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （据估计） about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains， and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.（Para.4）
[答案]it is estimated that
4．given that引导条件状语从句
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （考虑到袁隆平的杂交水稻使他变得相当富有）， one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.（Para.5）
[答案]Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy
5．with复合结构
Long ago， he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （每一个谷穗都像扫帚一样大）， and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.（Para.6）
[答案]with each ear of rice as big as a broom
创意课堂 点面突破
1 devote vt.把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于
【经典例句】
①（教材P50）Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers， to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
②（2022·全国甲卷）All in all， it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves.
总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。保护海洋就是保护我们自己。
（1）devote...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心（to为介词） devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 （2）devoted adj. 忠实的；全心全意的；挚爱的 be devoted to 专心于；致力于 （3）devotion n. 热爱；献身；奉献；关爱
【单句语法填空/句型转换】
（1） Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （devote） can lead to sporting excellence.
（2） Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to _ _ _ _ _ _ （help） others rebuild.
（3） As the scientist is devoted to his research， he seldom goes to the cinema with his family.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，the scientist seldom goes to the cinema with his family.（形容词短语作状语）
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， the scientist seldom goes to the cinema with his family.（分词短语作状语）［应用文写作之人物描写］
[答案]
（1） devotion
（2） helping
（3） Devoted to his research；Devoting himself to his research
2 convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
【经典例句】
①（教材P50）Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平确信他可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。
②I am fully convinced that with the tips above we will become smart online learners and get the most value out of our next class.
我完全相信，有了上面的建议，我们将成为聪明的在线学习者，并从我们的下一堂课中获得最大的价值。
（1）convince sb. of sth./that... 使某人相信…… convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 （2）convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 （3）convinced adj. 坚信的；确信的 be convinced that/of... 确信/坚信……
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
（1） Researchers have found clear and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （convince） evidence that happiness is the key to better health and longer lives.［应用文写作之演讲稿］
（2） She tried hard to convince her parents _ _ _ _ _ _ （let） her travel abroad alone， but they were still concerned about her safety.
（3） She was convinced of her own abilities and participated in the competition with a positive attitude.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， she participated in the competition with a positive attitude. （形容词短语作状语）
[答案]
（1） convincing
（2） to let
（3） Convinced of her；Devoting himself to his research abilities
3 assumption n.假定；设定；承担；获得
【经典例句】
①（教材P50）The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。
②On the assumption that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council，I will organize more colorful after-class activities，varying from English speech competitions to outdoor sports. 假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动，从英语演讲比赛到户外运动不等。
（1）make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that... 假如/如果…… （2）assume vt. 假定；设想；认为；承担 It is assumed that... 人们认为…… （3）assuming （that）... 假设……
【单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换】
（1） We make an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （assume） that everyone invited will turn up at the party and is making preparations.
（2） 假设天气保持稳定，我们打算按计划举办户外节日活动。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， we plan to hold the outdoor festival as scheduled.
（3） People assume that climate change is primarily caused by human activities.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ climate change is primarily caused by human activities.
[答案]
（1） assumption
（2） Assuming that the weather remains stable
（3） It is assumed that
4 overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜
【经典例句】（2024·浙江卷1月）She also learned a valuable lesson: sometimes， the only way to overcome a challenge is to break it into smaller， more manageable parts.
她也学到了宝贵的一课：有时候，克服挑战的唯一方法就是将其分解成更小、更易管理的部分。
overcome difficulties/challenges 克服困难/挑战 be overcome by/with... 被（某种情绪）控制；受到……的极大影响
【完成句子】
（1） 既然你已下定决心克服自己的缺点，现在就行动起来吧。
Now that you have made up your mind _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， take action now.
（2） （译林选必一U2）她悲痛欲绝，跳进了他的坟墓。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， she jumps into his grave.［读后续写之情绪描写］
[答案]
（1） to overcome your shortcomings
（2） Overcome by/with sorrow
5 estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
【经典例句】 It is difficult to estimate how many animals lost their lives in the forest fire.
很难估计有多少动物在这场森林大火中丧生。
（1）estimate sb./sth. to be... 估计某人/某物为…… It is estimated that... 据估计…… （2）estimated adj. 估计的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） Experts estimate the damage caused by the storm _ _ _ _ （be） $1 billion， which will significantly impact the local economy.
（2） The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （estimate） time of arrival for the flight is 7 p.m.， although delays can occur due to weather conditions.
（3） 据估计，将近3 000人将参加这次会议。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nearly 3，000 people will attend the conference.
[答案]
（1） to be
（2） estimated
（3） It is estimated that
6 comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
【经典例句】
①（教材P50）Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
据估计，现在中国国内消耗的约60%的大米是由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种生产的水稻组成的。
②The book is comprised of several chapters， each dealing with a different aspect of the subject.
这本书由几个章节组成，每一章节都涉及该主题的不同方面。
consist of没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） The house _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （comprise） two bedrooms， a kitchen and a living room has been sold.
（2） 由专家和医务人员组成的医疗队伍在地震后不久就抵达了现场。
A medical team that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.
[答案]
（1） comprising
（2） was comprised of/was made up of/was composed of/consisted of experts and medical staff
7 given that引导条件状语从句
【经典例句】（教材P51）Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy， one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到袁隆平的杂交水稻使他变得相当富有，人们可能认为他已经退休，享受闲适的生活。
（1）given that引导条件状语从句，意为“考虑到、鉴于、假如、如果、只要、在有……的情况下”； （2）其他同义表达有considering（鉴于，考虑到）、regarding（鉴于，考虑到）、seeing（鉴于，考虑到）、supposing（假如）、assuming（假定）、provided/providing （如果）、as long as（只要）等。
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （consider） there are so many challenges to deal with， are you still optimistic about the future of VR
（2） We'll buy everything you produce， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （provide） the price is right.
（3） 鉴于你要参加中国诗歌朗诵比赛，我想给你提供一些实际的建议。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， I'd like to offer you some practical advice.［应用文写作之建议信］
[答案]
（1） Considering
（2） provided/providing
（3） Given/Considering that you will take part in a Chinese poetry reciting contest
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．They d_ _ _ _ _ _ a lot of time and energy to volunteer work， bringing warmth and help to those in need.
[答案]evoted
2．As had been anticipated，the problem referred to at the meeting was _ _ _ _ _ _ （解决） in a scientific way.
[答案]tackled
3．He has a gift for music and enjoys singing in his _ _ _ _ _ _ （空闲） time.
[答案]leisure
4．Environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ （危机）， like severe droughts and floods， are becoming more frequent due to climate change.
[答案]crises
5．You must admit that your argument is based on a completely false _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （假设）.
[答案]assumption
6．I am c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that all of you can benefit from the meaningful activity.
[答案]onvinced
7．He _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （克服） a variety of difficulties， and succeeded in coming back to his homeland in 1955.
[答案]overcame
8．It was e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that the cost to rebuild the stadium would be $8 million， so we should adjust the previous design.
[答案]stimated
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．The minute I set my objective， I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （致力于实现它）.
[答案]was devoted to/devoted myself to achieving it
2．I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （坚信诚实的重要性），which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
[答案]am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty
3．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （假如火车准时）， we should arrive at the station by 8 p.m.
[答案]On the assumption that the train is on time
4．His parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （悲痛欲绝） at his grandpa's funeral.
[答案]were overcome with great sorrow
5．Our class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （由六个小组组成） and each group will discuss some difficult problems after class.
[答案]is comprised of six groups
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Dear students，
Recently， 1. （鉴于一些学生经常被看到浪费食物;given that 引导条件状语从句）， I am writing to appeal to everyone to participate in the activity of saving food.
First of all， as is well-known， 2. （每个人最关心的;what引导主语从句） is the food shortages throughout the world. What's more， another reason why saving food is of vital significance is that 3. （对农民来说，生产粮食并不容易；it作形式主语）. Therefore， effective measures should be taken to deal with this problem. For example， when eating at the school canteen， buy no more than what you can have. And when eating out， always carry out the cleaning plate campaign and take the leftovers home.
I am fully convinced that， 4. （每个人参与其中；with复合结构）， the phenomenon of wasting food will disappear from our campus. Now， let's take action.
[答案]
1．given that some students are usually seen wasting food
2．what concerns everyone most
3．it is not easy for farmers to produce food
4．with everyone involved in it
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．（外研选必一U5）But Darwin's scientific studies were so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （convince） that more and more people started to believe his theory.
[答案]convincing
2．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （assume） that you can't break down the barriers between them，what will you do next
[答案]Assuming
3．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （convention） wisdom suggests that exercise is good for health.
[答案]Conventional
4．From the story we can learn the success of outstanding scientists is closely linked to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （devote）.
[答案]devotion
5．The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （expand） of Chinese cities has made it necessary to develop urban railway systems.
[答案]expansion
6．As far as I know，these effective measures can prevent illegal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （consume） of these products.
[答案]consumption
7．People needn't give up _ _ _ _ （salt） food completely as long as they control the amount.
[答案]salty
8．Susan's dream was put into _ _ _ _ _ _ （real） and tears of happiness poured down her cheeks.
[答案]reality
维度二 固定用法和搭配
1．The reason why I fail to go out with you is that I have to care _ _ my sick grandfather.
[答案]for
2．It was at the class meeting that our teacher expanded _ _ _ _ _ _ the details of the activity.
[答案]on/upon
3．The dream of AI has been around for centuries, and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it _ _ reality.
[答案]a
4．[（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写）]I have convinced David _ _ _ _ _ _ （take） up the challenge and decide to join in the cross-country team.
[答案]to take
5．Keep up your courage, since life is comprised joy and sadness.
[答案]of
6．The teacher is fully devoted her students,always willing to help them.
[答案]to
7． is estimated that the number of visitors to the museum will double during the holiday season.
[答案]It
8．We'll let you use the room the assumption that you keep it clean and tidy.
[答案]on
维度三 完成句子/句式升级
1．假如你在即将来临的考试中失败，你该怎么办？（given that引导条件状语从句）
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , what should you do
[答案]Given that you were failing in the coming exam
2．据估计，青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能挽救10万人的生命。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
[答案]It is estimated that
3．这位科学家致力于寻找治愈这种疾病的方法，在实验室里孜孜不倦地工作。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , the scientist works tirelessly in the lab.
[答案]Devoted to finding a cure for the disease
4．People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only keep us refreshed but also strengthen our memory.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , but it can also strengthen our memory.（it作形式主语；部分倒装）
[答案]It is assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea keep us refreshed
5．I am convinced that your advice will contribute to our good performance and sincerely hope you can do us a favor.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , I sincerely hope you can do us a favor. （形容词短语作状语）
[答案]Convinced that your advice will contribute to our good performance
维度四 融合教材·主题探究
【改编自外研必修二U1】
A Child of Two Cuisines
Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I've enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!
Mum has sweet memories of the food from her home town in Sichuan, and often cooks spicy dishes. Thanks to this, Dad has come to love hot pot！ But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. He once told me he was surprised by what he saw on the table when he first visited my mother's parents in China. He was even shocked at their wedding when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal. Even today, he still does not easily take to eating things like chicken feet.
But I enjoy that sort of food myself. Last week, I went to the butcher's and asked, “Do you have pigs' ears？” “No，” the butcher said, pulling at his own ears, “just these ordinary ones.” He must have thought I was joking.
Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast” of bacon, eggs, beans, sausages and toast with butter—Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! He also does a typical Sunday roast. We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we'd better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine.
I'll never forget my first visit to China. Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food, and I did! I loved everything. But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu, a horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe.“You needn't try it if you don't want to，” Mum said, but I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn't so bad. It reminded me of blue cheese, a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate. Maybe I'll fall in love with stinky tofu—someday.
People say that one man's meat is another man's poison, but I feel at home with food from both my cultures. To me, there's nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup!
1．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A. The author has been brought up in China.
B. The author only enjoys eating British food.
C. The author doesn't know how to use chopsticks.
D. The author， a mixed-blood child， has grown up in Britain.
2．What can we know about the father from the fourth paragraph
A. He knows a lot about Chinese medicine.
B. He is expert in cooking some British food.
C. He likes nothing other than roast beef.
D. He is a super cook at a British restaurant.
3．What's the author's attitude towards food from the two cultures
A. He prefers to British food rather than Chinese food.
B. He agrees with the proverb “One man's meat is another man's poison.”
C. He feels at home with food from his two cultures.
D. He has taken to eating Chinese food.
4．What is the theme of the passage about
A. How the family stays fit by eating British food.
B. How the father cooks British food for his family.
C. How the family combines the food from the two cultures.
D. How the father has come to love hot pot.
[答案]
1．D
2．B
3．C
4．C
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[（2025·宜昌协作体期中）]A
Farmers are celebrating their rice harvest by singing and dancing on the farm. This is Wanbao Mozambique rice farm, China's largest rice planting project in Africa. Here, if people can speak hello in Chinese, “ni hao”, they most certainly also know another Chinese term Wanbao, the name of a Chinese rice farm project.
Through the fertile （肥沃的） area in south Mozambique, the Limpopo River is flowing into the Indian Ocean in the Xai-Xai district. Benefiting from the vast farmland, a suitable climate, enough water and the support from China, the project is creating a bright future for the people here.
Through cooperative planting methods, Wanbao is helping the local farmers develop successful rice plantations. It not only provides seeds, farm chemicals and fertilizers, but also does land leveling and water pumping （抽水）.
To have good harvests, farmers work hard and learn from the Chinese. Now the local farmers' love for farming is growing and they are getting richer and richer.
“I've benefited a lot from the rice farming and learned to produce rice using Chinese technologies on one hectare （公顷） of land,” says a mother of five children. “With the money, I have improved my life a lot. I have built my house and my children are going to school.”
An old farmer is now even teaching other farmers how to grow rice. He is cultivating crops on over 40 hectares. “Thanks to the project, both my children and grandchildren are living a stable life. Now I go to the fields to support the other farmers with teaching. I hope, Wanbao will extend the growing areas to other corners of the country in the future to help fight poverty,” he says.
1．Why does the author mention “ni hao” in the first paragraph
A. To show the popularity of the project in Mozambique.
B. To indicate farmers' Chinese language skills.
C. To prove the importance of Chinese in Mozambique.
D. To suggest Chinese is a requirement for working on the farm.
2．What can we know about the Wanbao project
A. It plants trees in urban areas.
B. It teaches locals Chinese.
C. It improves the local climate.
D. It offers farming technologies for locals.
3．What does the underlined word “cultivating” in the last paragraph mean
A. Preparing. B. Growing. C. Selling. D. Pulling.
4．In which section of a website is the passage likely to be found
A. Travel. B. Education. C. Agriculture. D. Art.
[答案]
1．A
2．D
3．B
4．C
[解析]
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Here, if people can speak hello...a Chinese rice farm project.”可知，凡是能用中文“你好”打招呼的人都会知道“万宝”这个中国水稻种植项目，由此可推知，该项目在莫桑比克非常受欢迎。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I've benefited...using Chinese technologies on one hectare of land”可知，万宝项目给当地人提供了农业技术。
3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“An old farmer is now even teaching other farmers how to grow rice.”和crops on over 40 hectares可推知，这位老农民在40公顷的土地上种植庄稼，cultivate意为“种植”，与grow意思一致。
4．文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了万宝水稻种植项目帮助莫桑比克人民种植水稻的故事，文章内容与农业有关，所以本文最有可能出自网站上的农业板块。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了万宝水稻种植项目帮助莫桑比克人民发展农业、实现脱贫的故事。
[（2025·临沂河东区期中）]B
Is modern fruit cultivated to be sweeter than in the past The short answer is yes, though the longer answer is more complicated. Some of the most powerful evidence that fruit is sweeter than before comes from zoos.
In 2018, it was reported that Melbourne Zoo in Australia had stopped giving fruit to most of its animals because cultivated fruit was so sweet that it was causing tooth decay （蛀牙） and weight gain. The monkeys at the zoo were provided with a lower-sugar vegetable-based diet instead of bananas.
Among fruit cultivators, the word “quality” is now routinely used as an equal for “high in sugar” （though firmness, color and size are also considerations）. In 2010, in an article looking at ways to enhance the sweetness of fruit using “molecular （分子的） approaches”, a group of plant scientists of the Republic of Korea wrote that “in general, the sugar content” of many fruits is now higher than before “owing to continuous selection and breeding”. Modern apple varieties, the scientists noted, were on average sweeter than older ones.
Cultivation isn't the only reason that modern fruit is sweeter; there's also climate change. Research from Japan found that since the 1970s, with rising temperatures, Fuji apples （which were already a sweet variety） have become significantly sweeter and softer. The lead researcher, Toshihoko Sugiura, said that “if you could taste an apple harvested 30 years ago, you would feel the difference”.
It is sometimes claimed that the sweetness of modern fruit is not due to higher sugar content so much as the fact that the bitterness and sourness of wild fruit have been steadily cultivated out of it. There's a grain—but only a grain—of truth in this. Studies of wild apples do indeed suggest that some ancient varieties were just as high in sugar as a modern Pink Lady or Honeycrisp. The difference is that there was much wider variation in sugar content across wild apples, whereas the modern supermarket apple seldom drops below a certain level of sweetness.
5．Why did Melbourne Zoo stop giving fruit to most of its animals
A. The animals preferred a vegetable-based diet.
B. Modern fruit did great harm to animals' teeth.
C. The sugar content of modern fruit is lower than before.
D. The flavor of modern fruit was not good for the animals.
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. The sugar content is not breeders' first priority.
B. Sweeter fruits are just a result of natural selection.
C. The sweetness of modern apples is equal to the average of older ones.
D. Molecular approaches are adopted to add the sweetness of modern fruit.
7．What do studies of wild apples in the last paragraph suggest
A. Apples of old species tasted less sweet.
B. The sugar content of wild apples varied greatly.
C. The sweetness of modern apples is of the same level.
D. Fruit is sweet because bitterness in it has disappeared.
8．What's the best title for this passage
A. Modern or Old: Which Is Better
B. Modern Fruit: Sweetness Is Quality
C. Fruit Is Sweeter: It's Not a Misconception
D. Melbourne Zoo: Animals Stop Eating Fruits
[答案]
5．B
6．D
7．B
8．C
[解析]
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2018, it was reported that Melbourne Zoo...it was causing tooth decay and weight gain.”可知,现代水果对动物的牙齿有很大的危害，因此动物园停止了给动物供应水果。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 2010, in an article...using ‘molecular approaches’”可知，现代水果采用分子方法来提高甜度。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The difference is that there...apple seldom drops below a certain level of sweetness.” 可知，野生苹果的含糖量变化很大。
8．标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并通读全文可知，文章介绍了现代农业技术使得水果比以前更甜。C项最适合作文章标题。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代农业技术使得水果比以前更甜。
Ⅱ.完形填空
[（2025·衢州五校联盟期中）]When I was ten years old, I learned that trusting can be risky, especially with water and my father. On hot summer days, we would play in the pool. My father wanted me to learn to swim and would say, “Put your head under the water. It's not 1 .” But I was always afraid of what was 2 in the deep water. One day, while I was looking at a bird, my father quickly put my head under the water. It was scary at first, but soon I was back up, breathing again. It was a（n） 3 I never forgot.
I 4 I would never believe my father any more. Two years later, my family went snorkeling （浮潜） in the Atlantic Ocean. When we were ready to start snorkeling, my father 5 me at first, but gradually I couldn't feel his hands and I was 6 in the open ocean. Suddenly, I completely forgot how to operate my snorkel, breathe, and swim.
Struggling in the water, I felt greatly 7 when my father swam towards me. He steadied me and 8 me to stay calm and breathe slowly. With his reassuring 9 , I gradually regained control and continued my 10 . However, as we swam back, a strong 11 swirled （使打旋） me suddenly and I was losing my consciousness. Noticing this, my father took my hand 12 , trying to lift me to the boat. When I came to myself, I was told that my father's knee was cut bleeding by something sharp and I felt my throat 13 .
Years later, I still see the scar on my father's knee. It's a（n） 14 of his deep love in that strong current. Meanwhile, it emphasizes the importance of 15 those who truly care for us.
1．A. vast B. deep C. scary D. dark
2．A. offered B. hidden C. planted D. rooted
3．A. warning B. memory C. opportunity D. option
4．A. supposed B. confirmed C. pretended D. assessed
5．A. held back B. held onto
C. took control of D. caught sight of
6．A. alone B. embarrassed C. free D. annoyed
7．A. frightened B. painful C. nervous D. relieved
8．A. encouraged B. instructed C. lectured D. persuaded
9．A. presence B. participation C. principle D. performance
10．A. demonstration B. interaction
C. experiment D. exploration
11．A. plant B. rock C. current D. root
12．A. loosely B. firmly C. violently D. effortlessly
13．A. bitter B. tightened C. salty D. sour
14．A. encounter B. signal C. clue D. reminder
15．A. loving B. respecting C. trusting D. appreciating
[答案]
1．C
2．B
3．B
4．A
5．B
6．A
7．D
8．B
9．A
10．D
11．C
12．B
13．B
14．D
15．C
[解析]
1．根据上文“My father wanted me to learn to swim”及下文“But I was always afraid of”可知，父亲想让作者学游泳，安慰作者把头放到水下并不可怕（scary）。
2．结合上下文语境可知，作者害怕的是深水里隐藏的（hidden）未知的东西。
3．根据上文“One day, while I was looking at a bird, my father quickly put my head under the water.”可知，父亲把作者的头按到水下这件事，这对作者来说是一段记忆（memory）。
4．根据上文“It was scary at first”可知，作者受到惊吓，当时认为（suppose）自己不会再相信父亲了。
5．根据下文“but gradually I couldn't feel his hands”可知，一开始父亲是紧紧抓着（hold onto）作者的。
6．根据上文“gradually I couldn't feel his hands”可知，作者感觉不到父亲的手了，所以是独自一人（alone）在海里。
7．根据上文“Struggling in the water”可知，作者在水里挣扎，父亲游向他，这时候作者应该是感到放心的（relieved）。
8．根据上文“He steadied me”及下文stay calm and breathe slowly可知，父亲在指导（instruct）作者以让他保持冷静并慢慢呼吸。
9．根据上下文语境可知，父亲的存在（presence）令作者安心。
10．根据下文“as we swam back”可知，作者在恢复控制后继续进行浮潜探索（exploration）。
11．根据下文“swirled me suddenly and I was losing my consciousness”可知，此处指一股强劲的水流（current）让作者遇到了危险。
12．根据上下文语境可知，父亲为了救作者，紧紧地（firmly）抓住他的手。
13．根据上文“I was losing my consciousness”及“I was told that my father's knee was cut bleeding”可知，作者苏醒过来时应该是情绪还比较紧张，所以感觉喉咙发紧（tightened）。
14．根据上下文语境可知，父亲膝盖上的伤疤提醒着（reminder）作者父亲的爱。
15．结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“When I was ten years old, I learned that trusting can be risky, especially with water and my father.”可知，结尾照应开头，表示作者从一开始不信任父亲到后来感受到父亲的爱，明白了要信任（trust）真正关心“我们”的人。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己小时候与父亲在水中的经历，表达了信任那些真正关心我们的人的重要性。
Ⅲ.语法填空
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 1. （long） than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 2. （see） the benefit. You may have an unhealthy lifestyle but you still can reduce your risk of 3. （die） early by running.
While running regularly can't make you live forever,the review says it 4. （be） more effective at lengthening life 5. walking,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. （cause）.
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But when it comes to more benefits,running may be the best choice. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises 8. （strengthen） your leg muscles （肌肉）,avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 9. （energy）.If you are time-poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 10. a try.
[答案]
1．longer
2．to see
3．dying
4．is
5．than
6．that/which
7．causes
8．to strengthen
9．energetic
10．it
[解析]
1．考查副词的比较级。根据上文live及下文than non-runners可知，此处应用副词long的比较级。
2．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
3．考查非谓语动词。reduce one's risk of...意为“降低某人……的风险”,此处介词of后应用动名词形式作宾语。
4．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致,应用一般现在时,且宾语从句中的主语为it,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
5．考查介词。根据上文more effective可知,此处应用介词than引出比较对象。
6．考查定语从句的关系代词。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为a study,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,关系代词应用that/which。
7．考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词,意为“原因”,空前有all修饰,此处应用可数名词的复数形式。
8．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
9．考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语。
10．考查固定搭配。give it a try为固定搭配,意为“试一试”。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了多种跑步带来的健康方面的益处。
Period 2 Learning About Language
主语从句
要义详析 探究语法
一、主语从句的连接词及用法特点
（一）从属连词
感知经典
（1）（教材P50）However， whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
然而，是否有可能培育出水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，是一个有很大争议的问题。
（2）That football is such an interesting game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
足球是一项如此有趣的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。
明晰规则
1.whether引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”，当从句不在句首时，也可用if引导主语从句。
2.that引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有意义，只起连接主句和从句的作用。
（二）连接代词
感知经典
（1）（教材P50）However， what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，最令他忧心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺粮。
（2）Who will win the game is difficult to guess， because the two players are equal with each other.
谁会赢得比赛很难猜测，因为这两位选手平分秋色。
（3）Whichever candidate gets the most votes will be elected as the new president of the student council.
获得最多票数的候选人将被选为新的学生会主席。
明晰规则
连接代词，如what、whose、who（m）、which、whatever、whichever、who（m）ever等引导主语从句，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
（三）连接副词
感知经典
（1）（教材P50）How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。
（2）Where I will spend my summer vacation has not been decided yet.
我将在哪里度过我的暑假还没有决定。
（3）When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延迟的航班什么时候起飞主要取决于天气状况。
明晰规则
连接副词，如when、where、why、how等引导主语从句，在从句中作状语。
二、it作形式主语的主语从句
感知经典
（1）It is very important that children receive a well-rounded education to prepare them for the challenges of the future.
为了应对未来的挑战，孩子们接受全面的教育非常重要。
（2）It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
难怪你的学生取得了如此大的进步。
（3）It appeared that the meeting would be postponed due to several key participants being unavailable.
看起来会议将会推迟，因为几位关键与会者无法出席。
明晰规则
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句. 常用于此句型的形容词有important、（un）likely、possible、necessary、natural、wrong等
It+系动词+名词（词组）+主语从句. 常用于此句型的名词（词组）有a fact、an idea、an honour、a wonder、no wonder、a pity等
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句. 常用于此句型的过去分词有known、proved、said、decided、suggested、thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句. 常用于此句型的不及物动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
三、主语从句中应注意的问题
感知经典
（1）Who he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
（2）How and why he came to this city is a story of struggle and success.
他如何来以及为何来到这座城市是一个关于奋斗与成功的故事。
（3）What are often described as the key benefits of exercise are improving physical health and enhancing mental well-being.
通常被描述为锻炼的关键好处的是改善身体健康及增强心理健康。
（4）Whether the project will be completed on time and whether it will meet all specifications are still open questions.
项目是否能按时完成以及它是否能满足所有规格仍然是未解决的问题。
明晰规则
1.从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序。
2.主谓一致
（1）主语从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式；但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
（2）如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．_ _ we could do was to go back along the previous track slowly.
[答案]What
2．Why and how he has finished the task _ _ _ _ _ _ （remain） unknown.
[答案]remains
3．What they will do and how they will do it _ _ （be） unknown to everyone present.
[答案]are
4． was no wonder that my fellow guests had only a few bites of each dish.
[答案]It
5．_ _ _ _ _ _ makes an attempt to cheat in order to get into good schools will be punished.
[答案]Whoever
6．Whether it will do us harm or good _ _ _ _ _ _ （remain） to be seen.
[答案]remains
7．First of all， _ _ we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.
[答案]what
8．_ _ people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.
[答案]That
9．_ _ _ _ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
[答案]Which
10．_ _ _ _ the treasure is hidden remains a mystery that has puzzled explorers for centuries.
[答案]Where
Ⅱ.语法与写作（用主语从句升级下列句子）
1．Why did they suddenly disappear？It still remains a mystery.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
2．He said a lot of words at the meeting. They were very attractive.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
3．It was a pity. You missed such a good lecture.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]It was a pity that you missed such a good lecture.
4．We should practise oral English for an hour every day. It is our rule.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]It is our rule that we should practise oral English for an hour every day.
5．Shall we go picnicking tomorrow？It depends on the weather.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Whether we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 单句语法填空
1．（外研必修一U4）Thanks to advances in technology, _ _ we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
[答案]how
2．When they will start and where they will go _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （decide） already.
[答案]have been decided
3．What surprised me most _ _ （be） that he failed in the exam which was very easy.
[答案]was
4． happened that I was out when he called.
[答案]It
5．What are used as chief building materials today _ _ （be） steel and concrete.
[答案]are
6．_ _ _ _ _ _ was waiting for them there had command of the situation.
[答案]Whoever
7．_ _ he will come back from Canada isn't known, so I will call him up to check the exact time.
[答案]When
8．_ _ will be in charge of the project hasn't been decided yet.
[答案]Who
9．_ _ _ _ the lost hikers are located is the main focus of the ongoing rescue operation.
[答案]Where
10．_ _ worries many people is that these chemicals may even cause cancer.
[答案]What
11．_ _ _ _ _ _ we need more food depends on how many people turn up.
[答案]Whether
12．Every year， _ _ _ _ _ _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
[答案]whoever
13．With the development of science and technology， _ _ _ _ _ _ human beings will be replaced by robots in the future is in doubt.
[答案]whether
14．Where he will get a job after graduation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （puzzle） him much.
[答案]has puzzled
15．When and where they will hold the meeting （be） not clear.
[答案]is
16．What makes it different from others （be） that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer.
[答案]is
17．It is suggested _ _ sunscreen should be applied every one to two hours on a sunny day.
[答案]that
18．For example, _ _ _ _ _ _ breaks the traffic rules should be punished.
[答案]whoever
19．_ _ I'm concerned about most is whether we can collect a huge amount of information in such a short time.
[答案]What
20．_ _ the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear.
[答案]When
维度二 语法与写作
1．吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体力，这一点已经得到证实。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has been proved.
[答案]That eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength
2．他是否获得第一名已经不重要了。
It was no more important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]whether he won the first place or not
3．无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ought to turn off the lights.
[答案]Whoever leaves the room last
4．医生们真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
[答案]What the doctors really doubt is
5．由于轨道正在进行维护工作，下一班火车何时到达还不确定。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ due to the ongoing maintenance work on the tracks.
[答案]When the next train arrives is uncertain
6．她在会上的发言对公司的发展非常重要。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is of great importance to the development of the company.
[答案]What she said at the meeting
7．马铃薯被引入欧洲的确切时间无法确定，但可能是在1565年左右。
Exactly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
[答案]when the potato was introduced into Europe
8．你能否成功取决于你工作有多努力。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ depends on how hard you work.
[答案]Whether you can succeed or not
9．你错过了这个好机会真是太可惜了。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you missed this good opportunity.
[答案]It is a pity that
10．你们谁先到，谁就能获得奖品。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ will receive a prize.
[答案]Whichever of you comes in first
维度三 语篇填空
Since he graduated from college， he had been in low spirits.1. （使他沮丧的是） that his mother was always complaining about something. His father had been out of work for a long time. It worried him 2. （他们家将会负债） if he couldn't find a suitable job. However，his parents didn't understand what he was thinking about． They often urged him to look for a job as soon as possible. It was really a problem for him 3. （他不知道如何和他的父母交流）.4. （他是否将在当地的工厂找工作） was bothering him， for he planned to go to a bigger city.
[答案]
1．What made him upset was
2．that their family would get into debt
3．that he didn't know how to communicate with his parents
4．Whether he would find a job in the local factory
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[（2025·山东名校考试联盟期中）]A
Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use.
Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis （光合作用） and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity.
This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms' electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcelis, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report—a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry.
But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting Marcelis and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals （间隔）, while another enjoyed brighter mornings and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting.
While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcelis indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the single-plant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcelis. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world.
1．What is a disadvantage of vertical farming
A. Cost-effective. B. Labor-intensive.
C. Energy-consuming. D. Technically-challenging.
2．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity
A. Variations in power costs. B. Growth stages of the crops.
C. Outdoor lighting conditions. D. Changing electricity supplies.
3．What did researchers find about indoor crops
A. They grow better under fixed lighting.
B. They remain uninfluenced by sunlight.
C. They output more under dynamic lighting.
D. They react similarly to varying light patterns.
4．What may Marcelis agree with
A. There are still some limitations in the research.
B. The new program helps save on electricity bills.
C. Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future.
D. Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger.
[答案]
1．C
2．A
3．D
4．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive.”可知，垂直农业的一个缺点是很耗能。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The computer program adjusts...the changing cost of electricity.”可知，电力成本的变化影响生长光强度的调整。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Interestingly, both conditions resulted...standard fixed lighting.”可知，研究人员发现，室内作物在不同的光线模式下反应相似。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He also cautions against...farming can help feed the world.”可推知，这项研究仍然存在一些局限性，还有其他关键问题有待解决。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直农业的相关信息。
[（2025·宁波北仑中学期中）]B
Researchers at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research analyzed historical food prices across various food categories and countries globally, looking at the impact of climatic changes on food inflation （通货膨胀） and the potential implications of future climate change. They found that annual food inflation will rise by 3.2 percent per year and overall inflation by 1.18 percent per year by 2035. And all nations will be impacted, while hot regions and summers will see the most significant consequences.
“Looking at over 27,000 observations of historical data, we found that increases in temperatures can increase food prices, particularly in hot regions and seasons,” said Max Kotz, a co-author of the study, “under future climate conditions, these impacts could become large, threatening the price stability commands of central banks, such as the ECB （European Central Bank）, which aims to keep inflation below 2 percent.”
The report highlighted how rising or unstable prices endanger human welfare and economic and political stability, pointing to United Nations data showing that the cost-of-living crisis in 2021/22 resulted in 71 million more people falling into poverty globally. The study found that increases in temperatures, particularly in hot regions and during summers, lead to heightened inflation levels, which are more pronounced in lower latitudes （纬度） like Africa and South America. Regions at higher latitudes experience seasonal peaks, mostly in the summer months.
Data showed a 1 rise in average monthly temperatures affects prices for nearly a year, similarly to extra rainfall. However, price impacts resulting from extreme drought are only temporary. Researchers examined the extremely hot European summer of 2022, when heat and drought had far-reaching effects on agriculture and the economy. “We estimate that the 2022 summer heat extreme increased food inflation in Europe by about 0.6 percent,” said Kotz.
Researchers claimed that future warming projected for 2035 would multiply the impacts of such extremes by up to 50 percent. These effects are particularly relevant for currency unions with a 2 percent inflation target, such as the Eurozone, and will continue to increase with future global warming.
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Natural consequences of climate change.
B. The link between food prices and climate.
C. Food prices in hot regions during summers.
D. The impact of food inflation on food prices.
6．What might the rising prices lead to according to the researchers' report
A. Massive poverty. B. Human welfare.
C. Environmental crisis. D. Economic stability.
7．Why is the European summer of 2022 mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To give an example of the research findings.
B. To provide reasons for the researchers' doubt.
C. To show practical significance of the research.
D. To state researchers' methods for data analysis.
8．What is the researchers' attitude toward food inflation
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Concerned.
[答案]
5．B
6．A
7．A
8．D
[解析]
5．段落大意题。根据第一段中的“looking at the impact of climatic changes ... of future climate change”可知，第一段主要介绍的是关于粮食价格和气候之间的联系。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The report highlighted how rising or unstable...more people falling into poverty globally.”可知，价格持续的增长可能会导致大规模的贫困。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, price impacts resulting from extreme...on agriculture and the economy.”可知，提到2022年的欧洲夏季是为了举例说明极端干旱对价格的影响只是暂时的这一结论。
8．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，研究人员认为这样的影响会随着全球气温上升而成倍增强；再根据全文可知，全球变暖会导致全球粮食价格通货膨胀，从而增加人们的生活成本，威胁经济和政治的稳定，对此研究人员是非常关心且担忧的。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化对食品通胀的影响以及未来气候变化的潜在影响。
[（2025·成都七中期中）]C
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat's lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's innovative drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings （版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin's awe-inspiring works and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,“Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
9．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest
A. The cat would be closely watched.
B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
10．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B. He provided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him how to make engravings.
11．What did Williams' two books help Benjamin to do
A. To master the use of paints.
B. To appreciate landscape paintings.
C. To get to know other painters.
D. To make up his mind to be a painter.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A. Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.
B. Williams' influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
[答案]
9．D
10．B
11．D
12．C
[解析]
9．推理判断题。本段主要讲了本杰明的堂兄彭宁顿由于被本杰明的绘画才能打动,于是送给他一些颜料和一些真正的画笔,所以画线句是表明本杰明很快就会有真正的画笔,不用剪猫的毛来做画笔了。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That year...a box of paint and some brushes.”和第四段中的“In the city ...for creating oil paintings.”可知,彭宁顿给他提供了绘画材料。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可推知，这两本书帮助本杰明下定决心成为一名画家。
12．主旨大意题。文章讲述了美国画家本杰明·韦斯特小时候的画画经历及他是如何立志成为一名画家的。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。本杰明·韦斯特小时候喜欢画画,很有画画的天赋。在他的堂兄和一位知名画家的影响下,他立志成为一名画家。
Ⅱ.七选五
[（2025·浏阳期中）]Most Americans love Chinese food. However, the Chinese food served in most American restaurants is very different from the authentic cuisine enjoyed daily by people living in China. 1. Then many Chinese immigrants had trouble landing a job in America. To make a living, some of them opened restaurants. Over these years, Chinese cuisine has been adapted to reflect Western influences.
2. The Chinese food found in Western restaurants is mainly cooked through frying. Many dishes are cooked using various frying methods. However, traditional Chinese food is rarely cooked through frying. Instead, methods such as baking, steaming, boiling and fermenting （发酵） are more commonly used.
Another big difference between authentic and westernized Chinese food is the ingredients used. 3.