人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE课时学案（教师用）

UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
明晰目标——构建单元体系
［核心单词］
interaction vary appropriate
approve witness employ differ
cheek favour bow barrier
anger reliable incident assess
bend clarify educator tendency
lower barely occupy stare
distinguish anxiety embarrassed ashamed
bother conflict ultimately adjust
react
［重点短语］
by contrast，by comparison，make inferences，break down，straighten up，in other words， call on
［重点句型］
1.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
2.部分否定
3.“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
［单元语法］
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
［写作任务］
描述肢体语言的说明文
主题引领——话题语基培优
［Facial Expressions］
stick one's tongue out 吐舌头
make faces/a face 做鬼脸
weep vi.& vt. 哭泣，流泪
give a small smile 微微一笑
raise one's eyebrows 瞠目结舌
look sb. in the eye（s）/face （坦然或问心无愧地）直视某人，正视某人
frown vi.& n. 皱眉
glare at 怒目而视
［Body Movements］
gesture n. 手势，姿势; 姿态
sit up straight 坐直
shrug one's shoulders 耸肩
［Head Movements］
nod one's head 点头
shake one's head 摇头
hold one's head high 昂首挺胸，抬起头来
［Hand and Foot Movements］
tiptoe n.& v. 踮着脚（走）；蹑手蹑脚（地走）
applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌
put up one's hand 举手
wave one's hand 挥手
thumbs up 竖起大拇指
shake hands 握手
give sb. five 与某人击掌问候（或庆祝胜利）
put one's feet up 抬起脚休息
rise to one's feet 站起身来
［Arm and Leg Movements］
arm in arm 臂挽着臂
grab one's arm（s） 抓住某人的胳膊
fold one's arms 双臂交叉在胸前
cross/close one's legs 两腿交叉/并拢
话题佳句
1.In some cultures， direct eye contact is considered disrespectful， whereas in others it is a sign of honesty.
在某些文化中，直接的眼神交流被视为不尊重，而在其他文化中则被认为是诚实的表现。
2.Regardless of the difficulties in talking， they can understand each other by body language.
尽管在交谈上有困难，他们能通过肢体语言来理解彼此。
3.Leaning forward in his chair， he showed a keen interest in what was being discussed.
他在椅子上向前倾身，表现出对讨论内容的浓厚兴趣。
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
精读课文 语篇理解
Activity 1 Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Spoken language. B. Body language.
C. Communication. D. Different cultures.
[答案]B
Activity 2 Structure and Clues
[答案]feelings； .eye contact； same； uses
Activity 3 Reading for Details
1．What's the purpose of the second paragraph
A. To give examples of mistakes the international people make.
B. To give examples of cultural differences in body language.
C. To show how surprised we are by people's different behaviors.
D. To show how important body language is.
[答案]B
2．What should one do when talking to an older person in Japan
A. Look down. B. Raise his/her head.
C. Make eye contact. D. Shake hands with him/her.
[答案]A
3．What does the author try to tell us by giving the example of smiling
A. Some body language is used in all countries.
B. Some body language can serve different purposes.
C. Some body language is more important than words.
D. Some body language has different meanings in different cultures.
[答案]B
4．How does the author develop the passage
A. By giving definition.
B. By giving data.
C. By drawing conclusions.
D. By giving examples and making comparisons.
[答案]D
Activity 4 Structural Analysis
1．Words are important， but the way people stand， hold their arms， and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.（Para.1）
［分析］本句是一个由but连接的并列句。后一个分句中包含the way 作先行词的_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 。当the way 作先行词且从句中缺少状语时，从句用_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 来引导，也可以省略关系词。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]定语从句； that/in which； 语言是重要的，但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
2．There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to， and how we act when we meet or part.（Para.4）
［分析］ 本句是there be句型，其中包含三个并列的由how引导的_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，作介词in的_ _ 。在第二个宾语从句中，we are talking to为省略了关系词that的_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，修饰先行词someone；第三个宾语从句中包含一个when引导的_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]宾语从句； 宾语； 定语从句； 时间状语从句； 我们彼此触碰的方式、说话时与对方之间的距离、见面或分别时的行为也存在差异。
3．And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.（Para.6）
［分析］本句是主从复合句。if引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，主句中nothing better为否定意义词与比较级连用表示_ _ _ _ _ _ 含义。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]条件状语从句； 最高级； 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
Activity 5 Grammar Filling for the passage
Words are important， but body language can also give us information about people's feelings. Body language is one of the 1. （power） means of communication. It 2. （use） to convey people's thoughts and opinions and to communicate with each other. When 3. （talk） with others， you are not just using words， 4. using facial expressions as well as gestures. Just like spoken language， body language 5. （vary） from culture to culture. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. The gestures we use for “yes” and “no” and the way 6. we greet differ around the world. Some gestures seem 7. （have） the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the 8. （good） example is smiling. A smile can help us get 9. difficult situations and find friends. A smile can break down 10. （barrier）. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself happier and stronger.
[答案]
1．most powerful
2．is used
3．talking
4．but
5．varies
6．that
7．to have
8．best
9．through
10．barriers
Activity 6 Discussion
1．Why do different countries form different body languages
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Open answers.
2．When a stranger misunderstands the meaning of your body language， what will you do
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]Open answers.
自查语基 知能落实
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
A.把……理解（解释）为；口译
B.手势；姿势；姿态
C.假装的；假的；冒充的
1．gesture n.
2．interpret v.
3．fake adj.
[答案]
1．B
2．A
3．C
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．take _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ action 采取适当行动
[答案]appropriate
2．a _ _ _ _ _ _ to the success of the treatment 治疗成功的见证
[答案]witness
3．an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gesture 一个相同的手势
[答案]identical
4．kiss the child on the _ _ _ _ 亲吻孩子的脸颊
[答案]cheek
5．do me a _ _ _ _ _ _ 帮我一个忙
[答案]favour
6．_ _ her head in shame 羞愧地低下她的头
[答案]bow
7．tie the rope around his _ _ _ _ 把绳子系在他的腰上
[答案]waist
8．a natural _ _ _ _ _ _ 一道天然屏障
[答案]barrier
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［ Int r k n］ n.交流；相互影响；互动→interact v.交流；沟通；合作；相互影响，相互作用
[答案]interaction
2．_ _ ［ ve ri］ vi.（根据情况）变化；改变→various adj.各种各样的；不同的→variety n.多样化；变化；种类
[答案]vary
3．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［ pru:v］ vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n.赞成；批准
[答案]approve
4．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［ dem nstreIt］ vt.表现；表达；说明；证明→demonstration n.演示；证明；表达
[答案]demonstrate
5．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［Im pl ］ vt.使用；应用；雇用；利用（时间、精力等）→employer n.雇主；老板→employee n.雇员；雇工→employment n.雇用；使用；就业；职业；工作
[答案]employ
6．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［ d f （r）］ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的→difference n.不同；差异
[答案]differ
7．_ _ _ _ ［ g （r）］ n.愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.愤怒地
[答案]anger
8．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［rI laI bl］ adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；依靠
[答案]reliable
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Attitudes towards failure_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ person （从……到……之间变化） person， with someone seeing it as a stepping-stone while others a total setback.
[答案]vary from； to
2．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （相比之下）， American English differs from British English in many small ways.
[答案]By contrast/comparison
3．Despite his initial nervousness， he managed successfully to calm down and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （通过） the exam.
[答案]got through
4．The old car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （出故障） on the country road， leaving us stuck in the middle of nowhere.
[答案]broke down
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．the way作先行词的定语从句
Words are important， but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式） can also give us information about their feelings.（Para.1）
[答案]the way people stand， hold their arms, and move their hands
2．动词-ing形式作主语
For example， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （眼神交流——看着别人的眼睛）—in some countries is a way to display interest.（Para.2）
[答案]making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes
3．动词不定式（短语）作目的状语
We can use a smile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （来道歉、问候某人、寻求帮助或者开始一段对话）.（Para.6）
[答案]to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation
4．make+宾语+宾语补足语
Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （让自己感到更快乐、更坚强）.（Para.6）
[答案]make yourself feel happier and stronger
5．“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
And if we are feeling down or lonely， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了）.（Para.6）
[答案]there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend
创意课堂 点面突破
1 vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变
【经典例句】
①（教材P38）Just like spoken language， body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。
②Smartphones vary in features and price， catering to consumers with different needs and budgets.
智能手机在功能和价格上各有不同，满足了不同需求和预算的消费者。
（1）vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 vary in sth. 在某方面不同 vary with... 随……而变化 （2）variety n. 多样化；变化；种类 a variety of/varieties of... 各种各样的…… （3）various adj. 各种各样的
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
（1） Plants' growth can vary _ _ the amount of sunlight they receive each day.
（2） A _ _ _ _ _ _ （vary） of activities offered at the camp promotes physical and mental well-being.
（3） 如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。
→If you travel to Beijing， I will arrange _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ activities，_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ．（定语从句）
→If you travel to Beijing， I will arrange _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ activities，_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ．（v.-ing形式作定语）［应用文写作之邀请信］
[答案]
（1） with
（2） variety
（3） a variety of/varieties of/various；which vary from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace；a variety of/varieties of/various；varying from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace
2 approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
【经典例句】I managed to persuade him to approve of my plan to travel to Hangzhou.
我设法说服他同意我去杭州旅行的计划。
（1）approve sth. 批准/通过某事 approve of （sb./sb.'s） doing sth. 赞成/同意（某人）做某事 （2）approval n. ；通过；同意；认可；批准 give （one's） approval to sth. 批准某事；同意某事 meet with one's approval 得到某人的同意 （3）approving adj. 赞许的；许可的
【单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】
（1） He gave an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （approve） smile when he saw how well-prepared I was for the presentation.
（2） 我妈妈不赞成我参加这样的聚会，因为聚会在午夜结束。
My mother _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， because it finishes at midnight.
（3） 如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。
→We would be grateful if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（approve v.）
→We would be grateful if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（approval n.）
[答案]
（1） approving
（2） doesn't approve of my attending such a party
（3） you could approve our proposal；you could give your approval to our proposal/our proposal could meet with your approval
阅读中常见的态度表达还有biased（有偏见的）、supportive（支持的）、disapproving（不赞成的）、favourable（赞同的）、persuasive（有说服力的）、critical（批判的）、sarcastic（讽刺的）、objective（客观的）、neutral（中立的）、indifferent（中立的）等。
3 witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人
【经典例句】（2023·天津卷6月）As time goes on， I remain inspired by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger's life.
随着时间流逝，目睹一个九岁的孩子救了一个陌生人的生命的经历仍然激励着我。
（1）witness sth. 目击/目睹某事 witness to... 证实/为……作证 （2） a witness to/of sth. 某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） He has been a witness _ _ _ _ many changes in the company since he joined it ten years ago.
（2） The driver witnessed to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （see） the man enter the building.
（3） [（2023·浙江卷1月）]上周末见证了我对一项名为“认识我们身边的植物”的有意义活动的参加。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ named “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us”.（无生命名词作主语）［应用文写作之活动介绍］
[答案]
（1） to/of
（2） having seen
（3） Last weekend witnessed my participating in a meaningful activity
4 employ vt.使用；雇用；利用（时间、精力等）
【经典例句】After finishing her degree， she was employed as a research assistant at a famous university.
完成学位后，她被一所著名大学雇用为研究助理。
（1）employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 employ oneself in=sb.be employed in 忙于;从事于 employ sb. as... 雇用某人担任…… （2）employment n． 雇用；使用；就业；职业；工作 employer n. 雇主；老板 employee n. 雇员；雇工
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
（1） An interview is a conversation between an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and a potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， which allows the interviewer to assess if the job applicant is suitable for the position. （employ）
（2） During the holiday season， many people are employed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （assist） with customer service in stores.
（3） Jack employed himself in doing experiments in the lab， so he did not notice his friend had left.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， Jack did not notice his friend had left.（现在分词短语作状语）
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， Jack did not notice his friend had left.（过去分词短语作状语）
[答案]
（1） employer；employee
（2） to assist
（3） Employing himself in doing experiments in the lab；Employed in doing experiments in the lab
5 differ vi.相异；不同于
【经典例句】 Her taste in music differs from mine; she prefers classical while I enjoy rock.
她的音乐品味和我的不一样；她喜欢古典音乐，而我喜欢摇滚。
（1）differ from...in... 在……方面与……不同 （2） different adj. 不同的；有区别的 be different from...（in...） 与……（在……方面）不同 （3）difference n. 差别；差异；不同（之处） make a/no difference to... 对……有/没有影响； 对……起/不起作用 （4）differently adv. 不同地
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） Different countries often differ how they celebrate traditional festivals.
（2） （外研必修一U2）Here are some of our favourites， to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different _ _ the English in the outside world!
（3） 虽然疲惫但心满意足，我意识到每个人都能为一个更美丽的校园有所作为。
Tired but satisfied， I learned that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［应用文写作之活动介绍］
[答案]
（1） in
（2） from
（3） everyone can make a difference to a more beautiful campus
6 favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同
【经典例句】
①Many experts are in favour of stricter regulations to reduce carbon emissions.
许多专家支持更严格的法规以减少碳排放。
②I was going to ask you a favour， but I wasn't sure if you would have the time.
我本来想请你帮个忙，但我不确定你是否有时间。［应用文写作之求助信］
（1）favour （doing） sth. 较喜欢（做）某事/某物 （2）do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙 ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙 in favour of 赞同；支持 in sb.'s favour 有利于某人 （3）favourable adj. 有利的，适宜的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） She favours _ _ _ _ _ _ （cook） meals at home rather than eating out at restaurants.
（2） 当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。
He boiled with anger when hearing that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
（3） 有消息说我校要开主题班会，因此我写信请你帮忙。
Word came that a themed class meeting would be held in our school， so I'm writing to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［应用文写作之求助信］
[答案]
（1） cooking
（2） most of them weren't in favour of his opinion
（3） ask you a favour/to do me a favour/to do a favour for me
7 break down 消除；分解；打破；（谈判等）失败；（身体）垮掉
【经典例句】
①（外研必修二U6）It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down， but much less time for paper. 塑料需要花费上百年的时间才能分解，但纸张分解所需的时间则少得多。
②You should break down your tasks in an appropriate way so that you can finish them on time. 你应该以适当的方式把任务分解，以便你能按时完成。
break away from 脱离；打破（陈规、陋习） break in 打断；插嘴；闯入 break into 强行闯入；突然开始 break out （战争、火灾等）爆发 break up 分散；拆散；驱散；（关系等）破裂 break through 突破
【语境辨义/完成句子】
（1） In other words， your health will break down if you work overtime every day. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
（2） The exchange program aims to break down the barriers among different cultures by mutual learning. _ _
（3） The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
（4） 据说两百座房子在几年前的那场大火中被烧毁了。
It is said that two hundred houses were burned down in the fire _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
（5） 她正努力改掉这个坏习惯，这将使她的生活更有活力并更有成效。
She is trying to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， which will enable her to live a more energetic and productive life.
[答案]
（1） （身体） 垮掉
（2） 消除
（3） （谈判） 失败
（4） which broke out a few years ago
（5） break away from the bad habit
8 reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的
【经典例句】You can rely on the responsible consultant to help you out， because he is a reliable person.
你可以依靠这个负责任的顾问来帮助你，因为他是一个可靠的人。
rely v. 信任，信赖；依赖，依靠 rely on/upon=depend on/count on 依靠，依赖 rely on it that... 相信/依赖……
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
（1） Awareness of just how much we rely _ _ _ _ _ _ social media can help us step away from it and communicate with each other better.
（2） 你可以相信，当你需要支持时，我一定会在你身边。
→You can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when you need support.
→You can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when you need support.
→You can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when you need support.
[答案]
（1） on/upon
（2） rely on me to be there for you；rely on me/my being there for you；rely on it that I will be there for you
9 “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
【经典例句】（教材P39）And if we are feeling down or lonely， there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
（1）“否定词+比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、 not、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 hardly等； （2）“can/could+never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。
【单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换】
（1） When it comes to solving complex math problems， no student in the class is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （suitable） than Lucy， because of her unique way of thinking.［读后续写之人物描写］
（2） 在学习语言的过程中，再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ during the process of learning a language.
（3） We do believe that you are the most suitable for this competition.
→We do believe that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for this competition.
[答案]
（1） more suitable
（2） can never attach too much importance to reading
（3） there is no one more suitable than you
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．[（2024·浙江卷1月）]The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （交流）.
[答案]interaction
2．[（2023·天津卷6月）]The test results will help you choose the class that is a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for you.
[答案]ppropriate
3．[（2023·全国甲卷）]Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be e_ _ _ _ _ _ today to draw attention to important truths.
[答案]mployed
4．Through his active participation in various teamwork， Mark _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （表现） great cooperative spirit， which was highly valued.
[答案]demonstrated
5．When he was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （批准） as a volunteer at the group home， he was filled with great excitement.
[答案]approved
6．In the past 40 years， my hometown has w_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ great changes thanks to the great policies of our country.
[答案]itnessed
7．I will try my best to overcome the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （障碍） I come across and I will never give up.
[答案]barriers
8．It is essential that he should get some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （可靠的） information before making inferences.
[答案]reliable
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．In the course of the Art and Culture Show， there are various performances _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （从唱歌到朗诵诗歌）.
[答案]varying from singing to reciting poems
2．Doctors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （赞成病人采取更健康的生活方式）， including regular exercise and balanced diets.
[答案]approve of patients' adopting healthier lifestyles
3．However， others _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （支持这个结论） because it's of great benefit.
[答案]are in favour of the conclusion
4．The tree in the yard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （见证了孩子们的成长） year by year.
[答案]witnessed to the children's growing up
5．The couple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （忙于志愿工作）， and led a busy and rich life after they retired.
[答案]was employed in/employed themselves in volunteering work
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
It is widely acknowledged that we can use both verbal and body language 1. ［表达我们的想法和意见，并在日常生活中与其他人沟通；动词不定式（短语）作目的状语］. Undoubtedly， body language plays a crucial role in our communication， 2. （使我们的对话更加生动且引人入胜；make+宾语+宾语补足语）.
Different body language has different meanings. For example， generally speaking， 3. （摇头表示 “不”，而点头表示 “是”；动词-ing形式作主语）. The thumbs-up gesture is universally recognized as “great” or “good job”. However， a gesture may have different meanings if used in different situations. Smile is a typical example. To break the ice， 4. （没有什么比一个微笑更有效的了；“否定词+比较级” 表示最高级含义）. In other occasions， a smile can be used to mask embarrassment or even sadness.
Therefore， in order to use body language correctly and properly， we should learn the culture and custom of the country as much as we can. Or we may be misunderstood by the locals.
[答案]
1．to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people in our daily life
2．making our conversations more vivid and engaging
3．shaking one's head means “no”， while nodding means “yes”
4．there is nothing more effective than a smile
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．The manager adjusted his schedule _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （appropriate） to accommodate the team's needs.
[答案]appropriately
2．[（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）]Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （approve） section signed.
[答案]approval
3．Her parents had been out of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （employ） for a long time and could hardly support the family.
[答案]employment
4．It's helpful to put children in an occasion where they can see themselves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （differ）.
[答案]differently
5．Tom got so annoyed that he stormed out of the room, slamming the door _ _ _ _ _ _ （angry） behind him.
[答案]angrily
6．I made up my mind to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （rely） person in the future.
[答案]reliable
7．Prior to leaving for France， he has been exposed to _ _ _ _ _ _ （vary） traditional French cultures.
[答案]various
8．[（2022·浙江卷6月）]By performing appropriate measures, we have created a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （favour） learning environment in the self-study room.
[答案]favourable
维度二 固定用法和搭配
1．A number of people have been employed _ _ _ _ _ _ （deal） with this difficult project.
[答案]to deal
2．He favours _ _ _ _ _ _ （take） advantage of the chance to pay a visit to Beijing.
[答案]taking
3．When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned contrast.
[答案]by
4．On the book's cover， there was a beagle which looked identical _ _ _ _ _ _ my dog.
[答案]to/with
5．Anyone who witnessed seeing the accident yesterday should call the police.
[答案]to
6．It is not appropriate _ _ _ _ _ _ （ask） such personal questions in an interview.
[答案]to ask
7．The prices of some goods vary _ _ the season, which is known to every businessman.
[答案]with
8．I approve your earning some money， but please don't neglect your health.
[答案]of
维度三 完成句子/一句多译/句式升级
1．直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。（“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义）
It was not until then that I suddenly realized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]nobody was happier than I was
2．今天，我们学校学生会组织了一场意义非凡的活动——植树。（无生命名词作主语）
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ —Tree Planting organized by the Students' Union of our school.
[答案]Today witnessed a rewarding activity
3．随着时间的流逝，我开始意识到，每一个小小的善举都会对他人产生影响。
As time went by, I came to realize that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]every small act of kindness can make a difference to others
4．每当出现一些棘手的问题时，我都会依靠他来帮助我。
（1） Whenever some troublesome problems emerged, I would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
（2） Whenever some troublesome problems emerged, I would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
（3） Whenever some troublesome problems emerged, I would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]
（1） rely on it that he would give me a hand
（2） rely on him to give me a hand
（3） rely on him/his giving me a hand
5．I am employed in online learning every day, so I can't spare any time to go to the gym.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,
I can't spare any time to go to the gym.（过去分词短语作状语）
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , I can't spare any time to go to the gym.（现在分词短语作状语）
[答案]Employed in online learning every day； Employing myself in online learning every day
维度四 融合教材·主题探究
【改编自译林选必四U2】
Effective communication
If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room, how would you react Just these two words can carry a lot of information. They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile. When spoken by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. So, let's look a little deeper into the topic of communication.
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. This message is then received and decoded by the receiver. In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback. This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating.
This communication process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, you can become a highly competent communicator. To accomplish this, you need to know with whom you are communicating. What is their age or position What is their relationship with you What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have Once you have obtained this information, you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them. Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. Furthermore, you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be.
Your body language is equally important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. Additionally, you should not ignore the other person's body language, which will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not. While being knowledgeable about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not be understated. Seek to understand the other person's emotions, by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others. Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and productive．So, get practising and good luck!
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A. What effective communication is.
B. Why we should make effective communication.
C. How to make effective communication.
D. The benefit of effective communication.
2．Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage
A. Communication only depends on the words we use.
B. Communication involves both the information sender and receiver.
C. The communication process is an easy process to handle.
D. You need to choose a communication channel depending on what you want to get.
3．Which of the following is NOT an effective communication
A. Use the proper communication channel and style depending on who you are communicating with.
B. Pay attention to the other person's body language while communicating.
C. Emphasize the value of empathy while communicating．
D. Always approve of the other person's ideas when communicating.
4．Why should you pay attention to the other person's body language
A. It indicates much about their thoughts and attitudes.
B. It gives you clues about whether the conversation is going well or not.
C. It's the only way to understand the person's message.
D. It can help you gain the other person's respect.
[答案]
1．C
2．B
3．D
4．B
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[（2025·浙江六校联盟期中联考）]A
In the vast and diverse world of animals, there exists odd gestures that often leave us humans puzzled and amazed. These gestures, which may seem strange or unusual to us, are actually fascinating glimpses into the unique behaviors and communication styles of our pets.
Animals want our attention, and sometimes they're quite obvious about asking for it. Odd gestures are often our pets' ways of telling us to stop what we're doing and play with them. It's why Fido constantly follows his tail and why Kitty keeps rolling around. An extremely bored pet may choose “bad” behaviors to cause a reaction!
Sure, your dog loves you, but that's not why he's licking （舔） your face. A little dog learns to lick his mother's mouth to obtain a little food, so Spot isn't kissing you in our sense of the word; he just wants a snack.
Cat owners also misinterpret their pets' kisses. While a cat might lick you to show love, sometimes she'll do it to comfort herself. One way to tell if her licking is stress-related is whether it goes on for a long period of time.
At some point you've probably told these words to someone who made you angry. Dogs think similarly, avoiding eye contact with anyone who injures their feelings. Another sign of anger: yawning （打哈欠）. A yawning dog may not be tired but anxious, not bored but stressed. Similarly, lip-licking—when there isn't food around to bring about it—is another sign of threat.
You might think your dog is running around the backyard, having the time of his life while you're away. But the reality is that he's most likely just sitting in one spot for hours, waiting for you to return with anxiety. Dogs actually prefer to be inside, ideally with their owners.
1．If a dog intends to eat food, which action will it take
A. It stretches its legs, yawning.
B. It makes an eye contact with its owner.
C. It licks its owner's face with a soft tongue.
D. It runs around the backyard, following its tail.
2．What do we learn about the gesture if a cat constantly kisses itself
A. It feels amused. B. It feels stressed.
C. It feels angry. D. It feels tired.
3．What does it reveal when the dog sits for a long time without moving
A. It reveals that the dog is eagerly awaiting your return.
B. It reveals that the dog displays a sign of tiredness.
C. It reveals that the dog is extremely bored to play with you.
D. It reveals that the dog displays a sign of embarrassment.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Pets: Lovely Animals
B. Dogs: Odd gestures
C. What Your Pet Is Trying to Tell You
D. What Should We Do With Our Pets
[答案]
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，如果狗想吃东西，它会用柔软的舌头舔主人的脸。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One way to tell if her licking is stress-related is whether it goes on for a long period of time.”可知，如果猫长时间地舔自己，可能是因为它感到压力。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But the reality is that...waiting for you to return with anxiety.”可知，当狗长时间坐着不动时，它实际上是在急切地等待你回来。
4．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了宠物通过各种行为和姿势与人类进行沟通，揭示了这些行为背后的含义，C项最适合作文章的标题。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宠物通过各种行为和姿势与人类进行沟通，并揭示了这些行为背后的含义。
B
Is a smile just a facial expression Of course not! It is not only used to express pleasure, affection, and friendliness, but also the commonest way to show our good will perfectly without saying anything. A Chinese saying runs:“Never hit a person who is smiling at you.” It is a time-proven fact that a smile is a language all its own—a universal language—understood by the people of every nation in the world. We may not speak the same tongue as our foreign neighbours,but we smile in the same tongue. We need no interpreter, expressing love, happiness, or good will by smiling.
One day while I was shopping in a small town in southern California, it was my misfortune to be approached by a clerk whose personality conflicted with mine. He seemed quite unfriendly and not at all concerned about my intended purchase. I bought nothing, and marched angrily out of the store. On the outside stood a foreign young man in his early twenties. His expressive eyes met mine, and in the next instant a beautiful, brilliant smile covered his face. The magic power of that smile made all bitterness within me melt, and I found the muscles in my own face happily responding.“Beautiful day, isn't it ” I remarked. Then, obeying an impulse （冲动）,I turned back.“I really owe you a debt of gratitude,” I said softly. His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer. A Mexican woman and two men were standing nearby. The woman stepped forward and eyed me inquiringly.“Carlos, he no speak English,” she volunteered.“You want I should tell him something ” At that moment I felt changed. Carlos' smile had made a big person of me. My friendliness and good will towards all mankind stood ten feet tall.“Yes,” my reply was enthusiastic and sincere,“tell him I said,‘Thank you!’” “Thank you ” the woman seemed slightly confused.
I gave her arm a friendly pat as I turned to leave.“Just tell him that,” I insisted.“He'll understand. I am sure!”
Oh, what a smile can do! Although I have never seen that young man again, I shall never forget the lesson he taught me that morning. From that day on, I become smile-conscious, and I practise the art diligently, anywhere and everywhere, with everybody.
5．Why did the writer march angrily out of the store
A. Because he bought nothing.
B. Because he was unlucky to meet with a rigid clerk.
C. Because he was unfriendly.
D. Because he conflicted with the clerk in the store.
6．What do you think of the woman
A. Curious and sincere with good English.
B. Helpful and curious with poor English.
C. Enthusiastic and diligent with good English.
D. Warm-hearted and diligent with poor English.
7．What may the writer mention in the following paragraph
A. How he used a smile to solve problems.
B. How hard he tried to look for the young man.
C. The lesson Carlos had taught him.
D. How he became a big person of ten feet tall.
8．What is the best title for the passage
A. A Rigid Clerk B. A Powerful Smile
C. A Helpful Woman D. An Impressive Young Man
[答案]
5．B
6．B
7．A
8．B
[解析]
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He seemed quite...out of the store.”可知,作者怒气冲冲地大步走出商店是因为他遇到了一位死板的店员。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The woman...‘You want I should tell him something ’”可知,这位女士虽然英语不好,但乐于助人,并且有好奇心。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“From that day on...with everybody.”可推知，在接下来的自然段,作者可能会提到他是如何用微笑来解决问题的。
8．标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知,文章主要讲了微笑的强大力量,B项最适合作文章标题。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过自己的亲身经历说明了微笑的强大力量的故事。
Ⅱ.完形填空
[（2025·山东百师联盟期中联考）]One of my major life-turning points happened during my exchange study in Finland. At the University of Economics in Prague where I studied, it was extremely 1 to get on an Erasmus exchange trip abroad since the demand was 2 . Everyone wanted to go!
Regardless, I decided to sign up early for my last semester, just to see what the process was like and to be better prepared for 3 again next year. I did make it through all the three rounds and 4 got a spot at a University in Turku, Finland! I was 5 . The success brought its own 6 , but once you set your eyes on the goal, nothing can stop you.
I had a very full life in Finland. I met the most amazing people, traveled a lot and 7 with friends from all over the world. 8 I was one of the few people there who really needed to pass all the courses and additionally write the papers, I had to run on an impossible sleep 9 of four hours per night. But I 10 it! My study in Finland opened up my 11 , too.
After the exchange study, I 12 my life in Finland. This adventure led me to choose a life of 13 made up of remote work and plenty of travelling. I couldn't have asked for a better 14 . And it gave me one of my favourite 15 that I can now share with others.
1．A. boring B. satisfying C. impossible D. difficult
2．A. huge B. flexible C. temporary D. mild
3．A. highlighting B. acquiring C. applying D. performing
4．A. obviously B. eventually C. immediately D. consistently
5．A. disappointed B. confused C. excited D. embarrassed
6．A. reactions B. challenges C. opportunities D. achievements
7．A. competed B. agreed C. conflicted D. interacted
8．A. Now that B. Even if C. In case D. As though
9．A. work B. task C. schedule D. trick
10．A. ignored B. missed C. made D. expected
11．A. horizons B. companies
C. responsibilities D. organizations
12．A. wrapped up B. picked up C. held up D. brought up
13．A. fundamental B. ambition C. delay D. freedom
14．A. angle B. outcome C. position D. profession
15．A. incidents B. memberships C. experiences D. idioms
[答案]
1．D
2．A
3．C
4．B
5．C
6．B
7．D
8．A
9．C
10．C
11．A
12．A
13．D
14．B
15．C
[解析]
1．根据下文“Everyone wanted to go!”和“Regardless, I decided to sign up...what the process was like”可推知，参加伊拉斯谟项目的海外交流之旅极其困难（difficult）。
2．根据下文“Everyone wanted to go!”可知，参加这个海外交流项目困难是由于参加者需求巨大（huge）。
3．根据下文again next year可推知，作者为来年再次申请（apply）做准备。
4．根据上文“I did make it through all the three rounds”可知，作者成功地通过了三轮筛选，最后（eventually）获得了一个机会。
5．根据上文got a spot at a University in Turku, Finland可知，作者获得了一个去芬兰图尔库大学的机会，因此很兴奋（excited）。
6．根据下文“but once you set your eyes on the goal, nothing can stop you”可知，成功会带来挑战（challenge）。
7．根据上文“I met the most amazing people, traveled a lot”可推知，作者和来自世界各地的朋友互动（interact）。
8．根据下文“I was one of the few people...had to run on an impossible sleep”可知，既然（now that）作者是少数几个真正需要通过所有课程并撰写论文的人之一，作者不得不按每晚四小时睡眠的时间表（schedule）来坚持自己的生活。
9．参见上题解析。
10．根据上文“to run on an impossible sleep ”并结合“But”可推知，作者成功（make it）了。
11．根据上文“I met the most amazing people, traveled a lot and with friends from all over the world.”可推知，作者在交流学习期间拓宽了视野（horizon）。
12．根据上文After the exchange study可知，作者在芬兰的生活圆满结束（wrap up）了。
13．根据下文“made up of remote work and plenty of travelling”可推知，作者因为这次冒险选择了一种自由（freedom）的生活方式。
14．根据上文“This adventure led me to choose a life of made up of remote work and plenty of travelling.”可知，作者认为交流学习的结果（outcome）是很好的。
15．根据下文“that I can now share with others”以及上文的描述可知，这次交流学习是可以和别人分享的经历（experience）。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在芬兰参加交流学习的经历。
Ⅲ.语法填空
[（2025·齐齐哈尔期中联考）]By the time she turned 18, Liz 1. （attend） a total of twelve schools. She had lived in shelters or parks, but never in a permanent residence （住所） for more than a few months. 2. （laugh） at by the students, she felt quite embarrassed. She often wondered when she would change 3. situation. Her teachers always told the students that Liz should not 4. （make） fun of.
Homeless since early childhood, Liz struggled 5. （hide） her circumstances from teachers and fellow students. However, learning proved to be a way for her to find confidence in 6. （her） again. Concentrating on her study was essentially important to her. She had a strong belief that she could do 7. （well） than others.
By the second year of high school, she talked to her teachers, who helped her apply 8. scholarships. And in 11th grade, when she enrolled （登记入学） in Jefferson High School, she decided to complete the rest of her school career there, 9. meant that she had to take a bus each morning at 4 a.m.and could not get home until 11 p.m.
Her 10. （persevere） and hard work paid off. She was accepted into Harvard University. Her success is a combination of hard work and intelligence. Liz is worthy of being appreciated by all.
[答案]
1．had attended
2．Laughed
3．the
4．be made
5．to hide
6．herself
7．better
8．for
9．which
10．perseverance
[解析]
1．考查动词的时态。根据时间状语从句“By the time she turned 18”可知,主句动作截止到过去的时间,应用过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”。
2．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语,动词laugh与句子主语she之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
3．考查冠词。根据语境可知,空后的situation在此处表示特指,空处应用定冠词the。
4．考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，从句主语Liz和make fun of之间为被动关系,且空前有情态动词should,其结构为“情态动词+be done”。
5．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作宾语，struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”,为固定用法。
6．考查代词。根据句意可知，空处表示“她自己”，应用反身代词。
7．考查比较级。根据空后的than可知,空处应用副词的比较级形式。
8．考查介词。apply for sth.意为“申请某物”，为固定搭配。
9．考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空前有逗号,且逗号前面的句子结构完整,空后句子缺少主语,空处应用which引导非限制性定语从句。
10．考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词Her可知,空处应用名词形式。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自幼无家可归的莉兹辗转多所学校,饱受同学的嘲笑和轻视,最终在个人的努力和老师的帮助下成功考入哈佛大学的故事。
Period 2 Learning About Language
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
要义详析 探究语法
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
感知经典
（1）（教材P38）We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
通过观察他人的肢体语言，我们能够了解很多他们的想法。
（2）（教材P38）However， you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany， as it is not considered polite.
然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。
（3）They continued working as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，好像什么事都没发生过一样。
（4）I remember seeing her before，but I can't remember when it was.
我记得以前见过她，但不记得是什么时候了。
（5）The old house requires repairing before it can be safely inhabited.
这座老房子需要修缮后才能安全居住。
明晰规则
1.有些及物动词之后只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式。这些常用的动词及搭配有：
avoid、miss、delay/put off 避免错过少延期
advise、finish、practise 建议完成多练习
enjoy、imagine、can't help 喜欢想象禁不住
admit、deny、envy 承认否定与嫉妒
escape、risk、excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅
stand、keep、mind 忍受保持不介意
2.有些动词后面，如start、 begin、 continue等，既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，两者意思差别不大。
3.有些及物动词后既可接动词-ing形式作宾语，又可接动词不定式作宾语，但两者意思差别较大，常见的有：
4.介词后面直接跟动词时，需要用动词-ing形式作宾语。
下列短语后接动词-ing形式，to为介词：
be used/accustomed to（习惯于）、devote/dedicate oneself to（献身于）、get down to（开始做）、stick to（坚持）、lead to（导致）、pay attention to（注意）、look forward to（期待）、attach great importance to（认为……有重要意义）、an/the approach to（……的方法）等。
5.有些动词可接动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式，如：need/want/require/deserve doing相当于need/want/require/deserve to be done。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
感知经典
（1）（教材P38）The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
关键是要以一种适合你所处文化的方式来使用肢体语言。
（2）（教材P39）A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
用餐后用手在胃部转圈是表示“我吃饱了”的好方法。
（3）Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.
你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人心。
明晰规则
1.动词-ing形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语通常可以交换位置。
2.动词-ing形式作表语，可以表示主语的某种性质或特点，这类词可以看作形容词，且表语与主语不可互换。
动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使主语具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
＊I am surprised at what you have said and what you have done. 我对你所说的和所做的感到惊讶。
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I still remember _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （employ） by the company for the first time.
[答案]being employed
2．He put off _ _ _ _ _ _ （make） a decision till he had more information.
[答案]making
3．[（2023·天津卷6月）]On April 22 every year， people around the world mark Earth Day by _ _ _ _ _ _ （care） for the environment.
[答案]caring
4．Have you ever imagined _ _ _ _ _ _ （live） without your mobile phone for a month
[答案]living
5．All the educators try their best to prevent the students from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （lose） in online games.
[答案]being lost
6．I wasn't allowed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （cycle） along the Mekong River together with my classmates， putting me in low spirits.
[答案]to cycle
7．The story was _ _ _ _ _ _ ， and all the people present were _ _ _ _ _ _ .（amuse）
[答案]amusing； amused
8．I didn't mean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （shrink），but it was beyond my reach.
[答案]to shrink
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．如果我们理解有困难，我们可以去问他。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， we can go and ask him.
[答案]If we have difficulty （in） understanding
2．他的任务之一就是为爬山准备一些食物和饮用水。
One of his tasks is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the climbing.
[答案]preparing some food and drinking water
3．购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服去买他们不需要的东西。
While going shopping， people sometimes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ they don't need.
[答案]can't help being persuaded into buying something
4．我不得不承认你说的话确实鼓舞人心。
I have to acknowledge that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]what you said was really inspiring
5．[（2022·浙江卷6月）]自习室的确值得体验，因此请接受我真诚的邀请。
The self-study room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， so please accept my sincere invitation.
[答案]does deserve experiencing/to be experienced
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 单句语法填空
1．As far as I'm concerned, the result is very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （disappoint）.
[答案]disappointing
2．I regret _ _ _ _ _ _ （tell） you that your assessment hasn't met our requirements.
[答案]to tell
3．The incredible news that spread around her school was her _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （admit） to her dream university.
[答案]being admitted
4．The deer was lucky and it just missed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （catch） by the hunter.
[答案]being caught
5．Young people may risk _ _ _ _ （go） deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
[答案]going
6．I remembered _ _ _ _ _ _ （lock） the door before I left the office, but I forgot _ _ _ _ _ _ （turn） off the lights.
[答案]locking； to turn
7．He cares little about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （spend） money on himself and leads a comfortable life.
[答案]spending
8．What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （convince）.
[答案]convincing
9．2022 Beijing Winter Olympics was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （excite） to people all over the world.
[答案]exciting
10．I will spend some time in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （study） maths and physics, which are my weak subjects.
[答案]studying
11．I'm sure you can speak Chinese fluently before you come to China if you insist on _ _ _ _ （do） as I tell you.
[答案]doing
12．The question put forward at the meeting deserved_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （discuss）.
[答案]discussing/to be discussed
13．The unique scenery is so _ _ _ _ _ _ （amaze） that people say it is the most beautiful city in Canada.
[答案]amazing
14．There are several skills that need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （develop） if you want to advance in your career.
[答案]developing/to be developed
15．Her hobby is _ _ _ _ _ _ （take） part in language exchange meetings to practice speaking different languages.
[答案]taking
16．He preferred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （stay） in the house when it rained.
[答案]staying/to stay
17．The show is very _ _ _ _ _ _ （amuse） and the cast is very good, which attract a lot of audience.
[答案]amusing
18．I highly recommend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （visit） this exhibition. I am convinced you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art.
[答案]visiting
19．I remember _ _ _ _ _ _ （walk） down the long hall and _ _ _ _ _ _ （open） the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls.
[答案]walking； opening
20．My hobby is _ _ _ _ _ _ （sit） on the beach, staring at the blue sky.
[答案]sitting
维度二 语法与写作
1．很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。
Many people have suggested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]setting up more rules to protect animal rights
2．让事情更糟的是她缺席了那次会议。
What made things worse was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ．
[答案]her being absent from the meeting
3．你发表的演讲鼓舞人心，打动了我的心。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and touched my heart.
[答案]The speech you delivered was inspiring
4．我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。
I was grateful to you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ．
[答案]for helping me overcome so many difficulties
5．在他们搬进去之前，他的房子需要彻底打扫。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ before they moved in.
[答案]His house needed cleaning/to be cleaned thoroughly
6．我难以想象那个男孩对他的父母说话那么粗鲁。
I can't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ so rudely to his parents.
[答案]imagine the boy speaking
7．我们成功地克服了所有困难。
We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all the difficulties.
[答案]succeeded in getting over
8．看起来枯燥乏味的诗突然变得生动起来。
Poems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ suddenly came to life.
[答案]which had seemed dull and boring
9．他自从退休以来就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
He has been dreaming of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ since he retired.
[答案]traveling along the Silk Road
10．尽管我是一个残疾人，但我在日常生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。
While I'm a disabled man, I always _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]enjoy helping others in my daily life
维度三 语篇填空
Body language 1. （use） by people for 2. （send） messages to one another. It is very 3. （amaze） because it can help you make yourself easily 4. （understand） when you are talking with others. You are not just using words, but also using expressions and gestures. For example, waving one's hand is to say “Good-bye”.Shaking hands means welcome, and clapping hands means congratulations.
In most cultures, nodding the head means agreement, and shaking the head means 5. （disagree） with something. The gestures are accepted as 6. （have） the same meanings by the Chinese and foreigners in those cultures.
Different countries have different body language. For example, when in Russia, France and Arab， people kiss each other when they meet, but people in China or Australia shake hands instead of 7. （kiss）.People in Puerto Rico like 8. （touch） each other, but people in Britain do not touch each other. People in Arab like standing close to one another when they are talking, but English people must keep a distance away when they are talking. It is very important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign country. 9. （follow） the customs will help you communicate with people and make your stay there much more 10. （please） and comfortable.
[答案]
1．is used
2．sending
3．amazing
4．understood
5．disagreeing
6．having
7．kissing
8．touching
9．Following
10．pleasant
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[（2025·福州八县市协作校期中）]A
How Social Media Has Changed Language
Social media has had an immeasurable impact on the world. It has increased interconnectivity and sped up the spread of information, but its biggest impact of all might be the changes it has made to language.
Dozens of terms and phrases have originated on social media. “Selfie” was named word of the year by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013 and “Face with Tears of Joy” emoji in 2015. Many social media slangs like “hashtag”, “lol” and “emoji” are included in the dictionary and have become commonplace due to wide usage on social media platforms.
Other social media words are new combinations of words. Photobomb, for instance, describes the phenomenon of intruding （闯入） on somebody's photograph, which came about due to the success of image-sharing platforms.
Social media has done more than invent new words and combine existing ones. It has completely transformed the meaning of a large portion of our language. The word “add” means sending an invite to connect social media accounts. “Likes” are now a numerical measurement of popularity.
So far, we have only discussed social media's effect on English, but it also has major impacts on cross-language communication. Some social media platforms have a built-in translation function that intends to minimize linguistic barriers between users. This has been described as “surprisingly accurate”. But as a translation agency points out, social media usage across cultures differs greatly, and no built-in algorithm （算法） can translate this.
Another way social media has made progress in breaking down the language barrier is with AI chatbots. Chatbots are gaining popularity on social media for their smart interactions. Some have said chatbots could eventually be used to teach languages. They say the best way of learning a language is to try speaking it, and with social media dominating communication, who's to say speaking to a chatbot is not just as good
1．How has social media contributed to the development of language in paragraph 2
A. By introducing new vocabulary.
B. By encouraging formal language usage.
C. By changing the original meaning of words.
D. By improving cross-cultural communication.
2．Which word has changed its meaning due to social media
A. Emoji. B. Selfie. C. Add. D. Photobomb.
3．What does the translation agency say about the translation function of social media platforms
A. It lacks accuracy in practical application.
B. It fails to recognize informal language.
C. It should further improve the built-in algorithm.
D. It does not fully deal with cultural differences in language use.
4．According to the last paragraph, what is some people's attitude towards chatbots when it comes to language learning
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Indifferent. D. Uncertain.
[答案]
1．A
2．C
3．D
4．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及后面所举的例子可知，数十个术语和短语源于社交媒体，说明社交媒体引入了语言新词汇。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The word ‘add’ means sending an invite to connect social media accounts.”及常识可知，add这个词由于社交媒体而改变了其意义，现在指的是发送邀请以连接社交媒体账户。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“But as a translation agency...can translate this.”可推知，社交媒体平台的翻译功能没有完全解决语言使用中的文化差异问题。
4．观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，聊天机器人因其智能互动而在社交媒体上越来越受欢迎，与聊天机器人对话也是一种学习方式，这表明一些人对聊天机器人在语言学习方面持积极态度。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社交媒体对语言发展的影响，包括新词汇的创造、旧词意的变化以及跨文化交流上的促进作用。
[（2025·菏泽高二期中）]B
Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents' displays of warmth with daily fluctuations （波动） in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.
Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In their words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn't reduce how loved teens felt.
To weaken conflicts' impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said.
“Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study's lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.”
The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers.
“The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.”
5．What does Beata Ujvari think of the study method
A. It is good. B. It is simple. C. It is popular. D. It is creative.
6．What does the underlined word “affection” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Care. B. Hope. C. Humor. D. Silence.
7．How can parents reduce conflicts' effect on their teens according to the passage
A. By spending more time with their teens.
B. By displaying emotional warmth on the same day.
C. By showing understanding related to the conflicts.
D. By expressing agreement on whatever their teens say.
8．In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear
A. Life. B. Science. C. Culture. D. Biology.
[答案]
5．A
6．A
7．B
8．A
[解析]
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘The daily methodology...for daily life,’ says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.”可知，他认为这种方法很好。
6．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，affection与understanding和praise是并列关系，意思应该相近，而understanding和praise都是积极正面的词，所以affection应是“关爱”之意，与A项意思相近。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，父母在同一天表现出情感上的温暖可以减少冲突对孩子的影响。
8．文章出处题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了耶鲁儿童研究中心的研究人员收集父母和青少年的日记，分析发现父母表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动的联系，这属于家庭教育的范畴，与生活息息相关。由此推知，本文应该出现在报纸的“生活”版块。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了耶鲁儿童研究中心的研究人员收集父母和青少年的日记，分析发现父母表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动的联系。
C
When John was growing up，other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood，he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all，he was happier. Far happier.
T