Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
make up one’s mind， put off， pass up， weigh up， have second thoughts
1.Young people should never the opportunity to go to university.
2.You’d better the advantages and disadvantages before you make the final decision.
3.Little Tom went to the stadium in a hurry， only to be informed the game had been .
4.He agreed to lend me some money yesterday， but now he .
5.Jenny to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.While we can’t predict what ， we can guide ourselves with determination.
尽管我们不能预测会发生什么，但可以用决心指引自己。
2.Tu Youyou to get the Nobel Prize.
屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。
3.Perhaps no other scientist than Qian Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森的影响更大了。
4.This is the first time that I for such a long time.
这是我第一次离家这么长时间。
5.I can’t help you with the housework because I now.
我不能帮助你做家务，因为我现在在做作业。
6.The local government to solve the problem， which made people in disaster-stricken area feel relieved.
当地政府已采取行动来解决问题，这使灾区人民如释重负。
7.He found a watch on the ground when he .
他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有一块手表。
8.When I hurried to school， .
当我匆匆赶到学校时，老师已经走进教室了。
9.They when the power went off suddenly.
他们正在激烈的讨论问题，这时突然停电了。
10.I at the airport at ten tomorrow morning.
明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Now， 93-year-old James Crowley is very grateful because a stranger 1. （help） him find the wedding ring that he lost in a pile of leaves.
Crowley 2. （clear） leaves from his yard when he found that his wedding ring was gone.“It was the first time that my ring 3. （be）off my finger，” Crowley said.He immediately 4. （call） his daughter Deidre Miguel.
Since Miguel grew up near the beach， she 5. （know） that people have metal detectors （探测器） in Westerly， so she posted a message on Westerly’s Facebook group asking if someone with a metal detector could help look for her father’s wedding ring.Ryan Ledbetter 6. （respond） immediately.
The next morning， Crowley and Ledbetter went over every part of the yard that Crowley 7. （work） on the day before.Finally， they found the wedding ring.Miguel says she 8. （resize） the ring to better fit her dad’s finger.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Parents often think that their kids should be good at studies and do well in sports.That’s usually the case because parents feel that could get their children admission to top colleges.However， Melissa and Mark Wimmer think differently.
Their 14-year-old son， Mike， is a prodigy.He is a member of Mensa， which is the world’s top IQ club.He completed his high school， associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years.That’s not all.He also ran two tech companies， founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish， an invasive （入侵的） species.
But the parents are proud that they were able to help Mike with his social skills along with his intellectual skills.Melissa told CNBC that people expected “Young Sheldon” before they met her son.Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills.“But once they talk to Mike， they understand that he’s just a normal 14-year-old that happens to be able to do amazing things，” said Melissa.
Mark and Melissa got to know about their child’s intelligence when he entered preschool.A child psychologist told them that their son would need a different course to support his fast-track development.Many parents aren’t comfortable with putting their children with 18-year-olds， but Mike’s parents saw the value in letting their child go through it.“I wanted him to be social and be able to deal with all the different personalities in the classrooms with older children，” said Melissa.
The parents shared that they were able to do this by letting Mike find his own voice and put it to use.“We let him order food when he’s 3 or 4 from the waiter or waitress and introduce himself to people.Those kinds of things are done to encourage him to engage with everyone else and be more comfortable talking to others outside of our environment，” said Melissa.
Thanks to his parents， Mike has learned to get along with young and old alike.
1.What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in Paragraph 2 refer to？（ ）
A.A gifted person.
B.A famous student.
C.A brilliant biologist.
D.A successful businessman.
2.What can we infer about the child in the show Young Sheldon？（ ）
A.He likes to make friends.
B.He is a well-rounded man.
C.He is a popular child actor.
D.He is poor at dealing with people.
3.How did Mark and Melissa discover Mike’s high intelligence？（ ）
A.Through a recommendation from a child psychologist.
B.Through observing Mike’s behavior in preschool.
C.Through participating in a special educational program.
D.Through the information provided by Mike’s school teachers.
4.What do Mike’s parents do to improve his social skills？（ ）
A.Teach him some communication rules.
B.Encourage him to speak in class.
C.Place him in social situations.
D.Let him go to school alone.
B
As to psychological wellbeing， the comfort zone is frequently perceived as a haven， a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful.Pushing beyond this psychological state might have benefits.
The comfort zone can be understood as a behavioral metaphor.Within a comfort zone， an individual takes on a state of minimal anxiety without a perception of risk， responding predictably to deliver a consistent level of performance.These include behaviors that people do commonly， find relaxing， or that take them away from high-stress situations.Engaging in the same manner over time leads to a predictable and familiar zone of comfort.As creatures of habit， we become dependent on these routines that we know we can complete well to feel secure.However， by stepping outside of our comfort zone， we learn about our ability to handle new situations and control risks， leading to greater self-confidence， and lower levels of anxiety.
One study found that individuals who are more secure in stepping out of their comfort zone are more likely to be excited by and look forward to new experiences， feeling greater confidence in their ability to take them on.
One behavior that demonstrates the benefits of stepping out of a comfort zone is learning to play a musical instrument.When we consider actions outside of our comfort zone， we must assess our desire to engage in that activity.By weighing the pros and cons， we evaluate how uncomfortable a situation may seem， and whether the danger of entering such an unknown situation will be worth the risk.
Music offers a safe way to step out of your initial comfort zone because you can begin by practicing in an isolated setting， which offers a
casual， safe way to build a new skill set.By picking up and practicing a new instrument， you have proven to yourself that you are capable of meeting an unfamiliar objective， thus decreasing anxiety.
5.What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean？（ ）
A.Habitat. B.Shelter.
C.Community. D.Destination.
6.Which will not be considered when we step out of our comfort zone？（ ）
A.We recall the old experience.
B.We think whether it is worth the risk.
C.We evaluate our thirsty for the activity.
D.We weigh the strengths and weaknesses.
7.What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph？（ ）
A.The definition of the comfort zone.
B.The importance of psychological wellbeing.
C.The process of learning a new musical instrument.
D.The benefits of stepping out of one’s comfort zone.
8.Which of the following is the best title for the text？（ ）
A.How to Identify Comfort Zone
B.Staying Inside Comfort Zone is Important
C.Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning
D.How to Take Yourself Away from High-stress Situations
Ⅱ.完形填空
Jessica Wells had always wanted to be a nurse.In 2006， she 9 to the Associate Science of Nursing （ASN） program. 10 ，her GPA wasn’t high enough to make the cut， so she was 11 as a general education student， hoping to improve her academic 12 .
Eventually， Wells， who is deaf， blossomed， 13 the accommodations （调和） that the college
9.（ ）A.turned B.admitted
C.applied D.ceased
10.（ ）A.Unfortunately B.Surprisingly
C.Finally D.Unbelievably
11.（ ）A.extracted B.enrolled
C.rejected D.inquired
12.（ ）A.tendency B.belief
C.assessment D.performance
13.（ ）A.but for B.thanks to
C.apart from D.up to
offered to her， such as volunteer note takers and 14 who accompanied her in class.
After college administrators asked an employee whether Wells， a 15 girl， would make it as a nursing student， the employee reported that “the deaf or hard-of-hearing individual can be 16 as both a medical student and a nurse”.Wells， then in her mid-20s， was accepted into the ASN program in fall 2007.
On 22 January， however， just before the spring 2008 semester began， Wells received a letter from the school， 17 her from the program.The college decided that her “hearing loss would 18 limit （and in some cases completely limit） her ability to safely conduct 19 shifts”.On 21 January 2009， Wells made a protest to the Circuit Court of Greene County.She claimed that her failure to stay in the program 20 the Americans with Disabilities Act （ADA）.
“She’d done just fine in her training，” says Wells’s lawyer， Rita Sanders.“The school’s decision had no 21 .”
However， the college replied， arguing that the loss of hearing will 22 a direct threat to the health or safety of patients.Faced with such an injustice， Wells resolved to fight for herself and others facing the same 23 .
14.（ ）A.professors B.companions
C.advisers D.interpreters
15.（ ）A.hearing-disabled B.strong-willed
C.kind-hearted D.short-sighted
16.（ ）A.tough B.ambitious
C.successful D.reasonable
17.（ ）A.dismissing B.employing
C.escaping D.skipping
18.（ ）A.seldom B.greatly
C.totally D.slightly
19.（ ）A.social B.academic
C.clinical D.athletic
20.（ ）A.goes against B.turns down
C.calls for D.gets through
21.（ ）A.consequences B.theories
C.faiths D.grounds
22.（ ）A.pose B.mark
C.switch D.yield
23.（ ）A.recognition B.dilemma
C.prejudice D.preference
Ⅲ.语法填空
Lin Huiyin， a Chinese architect and writer， is known to be the first female architect in modern China.Born in 1904，24. women had limited access to education， Lin was able to receive a formal education due to her 25. （wealth） family.She received degrees in the United States and England.
In the 1920s， Lin studied art at the University of Pennsylvania 26. an undergraduate.She desired 27. （attend） the School of Architecture， but could not be admitted as she was a woman.She therefore enrolled in the School of Fine Arts and later Yale University while pursuing her architecture passion on the side.
In 1936， Lin and Liang Sicheng， her husband， climbed onto the roof of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing 28. （get） measurements for the imperial （皇家的） complex.Together with Liang， Lin also began restoration work on other Beijing’s cultural 29. （site）.But in 1937， as Japan’s invasion moved much 30. （close）， Lin and Liang had to stop the restoration work and abandon 31. （they） house.
After 1949， Lin became professor of Architecture at Tsinghua University and 32. （invite） to participate in the design of the Chinese national emblem.She passed 33. from tuberculosis （肺结核） in 1955.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.pass up 2.weigh up 3.put off 4.has second thoughts
5.made up her mind
维度二
1.will happen
2.is the first Chinese woman
3.has had a greater impact
4.have been away from my family
5.am doing my homework
6.had taken action
7.was cleaning the classroom
8.the teacher had come into the classroom
9.were discussing the problem heatedly
10.will be seeing a friend off
维度三
1.helped 2.was clearing 3.had been 4.called 5.knows
6.responded 7.had worked 8.will resize
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了天才少年Mike的父母在助力儿子发展智力的同时，鼓励并帮助他发展社交技能的故事。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文He is a member of Mensa ...degrees all in three years.可知，Mike的智商非常高，学习能力非常强，能迅速完成学业。由此推测，他是一个天才。a prodigy意为“极具天赋的人”。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills.可知，《小谢尔顿》这部电视剧中的天才少年宅在家里，缺乏社交能力。由此推断，他不善于与人打交道。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，通过一位儿童心理学家的建议，Mark和Melissa发现了Mike的高智商。
4.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Melissa所说的We let him order food ...outside of our environment可知，Mike的父母让他置身社交场合中，鼓励他和其他人交流，从而提高他的社交技能。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了走出舒适区能够给人带来好处。
5.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的进一步解释a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful可知，画线词haven应是指安全的、熟悉的地方，即避风港、庇护所等。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的When we consider actions ...will be worth the risk.可知，在考虑走出舒适区行为时，会评估参与该活动的愿望，权衡利弊，是否值得冒险。A项（我们回忆起过去的经历）不在考虑范围之内。
7.C 推理判断题。末段尾句提出了学习一种新乐器这一话题。由此推断，文章接下来会讲述作为想要走出舒适区的新手如何学习乐器。
8.C 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了走出舒适区可能会有的好处，文中用学习乐器作为举例，详细论述了走出舒适区能够促进自己提升能力，尤其是在学习方面。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述杰西卡·威尔斯在失聪的艰难处境中不甘于向命运屈服而努力求学上进的故事。
9.C 根据空后的the Associate Science of Nursing （ASN） program可知，威尔斯在2006年时申请了护理助理科学课程。
10.A “她的平均分数不够高”与上文“她申请了护理助理科学课程”在逻辑上构成转折关系。
11.B 根据下文a general education student可知，这是威尔斯的身份。be enrolled as “被招收为”。
12.D 根据上文her GPA wasn’t high enough可知，威尔斯想要符合要求参与护理助理科学课程就需要提高她的学分。academic performance “学业成绩”。
13.B 根据空后the accommodations （调和） that the college offered to her可知，这是失聪的威尔斯能变得自信的原因。
14.B 根据空后accompanied her in class可知，威尔斯在课堂有了同伴。
15.A 根据下文the deaf or hard-of-hearing individual可知，威尔斯不具有听力能力。
16.C 根据下文威尔斯于2007年秋季被护理助理科学课程录取可知，管理人员认为威尔斯能成功地作为护理专业的学生和护士。
17.A 根据上文可知，威尔斯于2007年秋季被护理助理科学课程录取，再由however一词可知，情况发生了变化，学校将她从课程计划中除名。dismiss ...from ...“将（某人）从……开除，使（某人）退去”。
18.B 根据下文in some cases completely limit可知，学院认为威尔斯的听力受损会很大程度上影响她的工作。
19.C 威尔斯是学习护理专业的，根据shift一词可知，护士在临床工作中会有交接的工作进行。
20.A 根据威尔斯向格林县巡回法院提出抗议可知，她认为学校让她从该课程中离开的做法是违背法律规定的。
21.D 根据上文Wells made a protest to the circuit court of Greene County可知，律师丽塔·桑德斯认为学校没有理由作出让她从该课程中离开的决定。
22.A 根据空后a direct threat to the health or safety of patients可知，选择pose一词合乎语义的需要。pose a threat to “对……造成威胁”。
23.C 根据上文的讲述以及such an injustice可知，威尔斯因为残疾而在学业上受到了偏见，为此她要通过法律向学校讨要公平。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国现代第一位女性建筑师——林徽因。
24.when 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是1904，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故填关系副词when。
25.wealthy 考查词形转换。 空处作定语，修饰名词family， 表示“富裕的”，故填形容词wealthy。
26.as 考查介词。此处指林徽因在宾夕法尼亚大学学习美术，为本科生。 as “作为”，符合句意。故填as。
27.to attend 考查非谓语动词。desire to do sth “渴望做某事”。应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to attend。
28.to get 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表目的， 应用动词不定式作状语， 故填to get。
29.sites 考查名词的单复数。根据空前的修饰语other可知，可数名词site应用复数形式。故填sites。
30.closer 考查副词的比较级。空处修饰谓语，应用副词，表距离上的近，应用close，而且空前是比较级修饰语much， 故填closer。
31.their 考查代词。 空处修饰名词house， 应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
32.was invited 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，且与句中已有的谓语became时态一致， 应用一般过去时， 又主语Lin与invite是被动关系， 故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。
33.away 考查固定搭配。 pass away “去世”，为固定搭配。此处指林徽因因肺结核去世。故填away。
5 / 5Section Ⅱ Using language
复习：时态
①The job calls for great patience.
②We are having an English lesson now.
③For many of us，it’s something we already have experienced.
④...but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century.
⑤Eventually your child will leave home to lead his/her own life as a fully independent adult.
⑥What will we be doing in ten years’ time？
⑦By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the country.
⑧The meeting quickly ended and Steve and I left the room.
⑨...Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London.
⑩...the young Arthur Conan Doyle，born in Scotland in 1859，had originally worked as a doctor.
【我的发现】
1.①－④句的时态分别为： 、 、 和 。
2.⑤－⑦句的时态分别为： 、 和 。
3.⑧－⑩句的时态分别为： 、 和 。
一、一般现在时
1.构成：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。
2.基本用法：
（1）一般现在时表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often，always，usually，sometimes，every day，once a week，rarely，seldom，hardly，ever，never等表示频率的时间状语连用。
I often read books in my spare time.
业余时间我经常看书。
（2）一般现在时用于描述主语的特征、性格、能力等。
He is a man of few words.
他是一个沉默寡言的人。
（3）一般现在时用于陈述客观事实或普遍真理。
The earth moves around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
（4）在主从复合句中，当描述将来的事情时，主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
You’ll make great progress if you work hard！
你如果努力学习，就会取得很大进步。
（5）一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词（词组），如go，come，leave，start，begin，open，close，arrive，take off等，其后常跟表示将来的时间状语。
The train leaves at 7：25 this evening.
火车今晚7：25开。
（6）小说、故事、电影、文学作品等的情节介绍、评论等一般使用一般现在时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜性”，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。
Harry Potter is set in the modern world.
《哈利·波特》以现代世界为背景。
（7）一般现在时常用于格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
骄者必败。
二、现在进行时
1.构成：am/is/are＋现在分词。
2.基本用法：
（1）现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与now，at present，at this moment，these days，this week/month等时间状语连用。
All the classmates are reviewing their lessons in the classroom now.
所有的同学正在教室里复习功课。
（2）现在进行时常与always，continually，constantly，forever等表示频度的副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有厌烦、责备、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。
She is always thinking of others instead of herself.
她总是想着别人而不是她自己。
（3）现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，主要用于表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。常与come，go，leave，depart，arrive，stay，start/begin， take off等动词（词组）连用。
Mr Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight.
史密斯先生今晚去南京。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Whether there is life on the moon （be） an interesting question.
②I can guess you were in a hurry.You （wear） your sweater inside out.
③They won’t buy new clothes because they （save） money to buy a new house.
④Look！ Quantities of food he bought last night （be） on the table.
⑤Cathy， as well as her cousins， （study） Chinese in China now.
三、现在完成时
1.构成：have/has＋过去分词。
2.基本用法：
（1）现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响或结果，常与already，yet，never，before，so far，up to now等连用。
I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.
我已经提前制订了学习计划。
（2）现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始持续到现在，也许还会继续下去。常用的时间状语有：for＋时间段，since＋过去的时间点，recently，lately，this week，this month，this year，these days，during/in the last/past few years等。
We have learned English for eight years.
我们学英语八年了。
（3）在“It/This is the first/second .../last time＋从句”与“It/This is the＋序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。
It is the first time I have driven a car.
这是我第一次开车。
This is the most interesting film that he has directed.
这是他导演的最有趣的电影。
（4）现在完成时可用在状语从句中代替将来完成时，这时从句的动作要先于主句的动作发生。
I’ll go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.
我一完成作业就去参加聚会。
四、现在完成进行时
1.构成：have/has been＋现在分词。
2.基本用法：
（1）现在完成进行时表示过去开始到现在（没有停止）且还将继续进行下去的动作，一般翻译成： 一直做某事。常与all this time，this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等状语以及since＋时间点、for＋时间段等时间状语连用。
I have been reading this book for two weeks.
这两周我一直在读这本书。
（2）表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
They have been discussing the matter several times this year.
他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。
（3）表示强烈的感彩。
Who’s been eating my apples？
谁老是在吃我的苹果？
名师点津
现在完成时&现在完成进行时辨析
时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复 感彩
现在完 成时 强调动作对现在的影响或产生的后果 不表示动作的反复 一般不含有感彩
现在完成 进行时 强调动作的持续性 可表示动作的反复 可表示强烈的感彩
We have cleaned the classroom.
我们把教室打扫过了。（已经完成）
We have been cleaning the classroom.
我们一直在打扫教室。（尚未完成）
Have you met her lately？
你最近跟她见过面吗？（强调结果）
Have you been meeting her lately？
你最近总跟她见面吗？（强调动作重复）
We have looked for him，but haven’t found him.
我们找过他，但没有找到他。（无感彩）
Where have you been？ We have been looking for you everywhere.
你到哪里去了？我们到处在找你。（表示不满的感彩）
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①It is estimated that sea level （rise） by over 20 centimetres since 1880.
②Her eyes are red.It’s obvious that she （cry） for a long time.
③So far more than one farmer singer （appear） on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala.
④It is the second time that I （set） my foot on this city.
⑤—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I （practise） a lot these days.
五、一般将来时
1.构成：shall/will＋动词原形（shall多用于第一人称），be going to＋动词原形，be （just） about to＋动词原形，be to＋动词原形。
2.基本用法：
（1）“shall/will＋动词原形”表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态，特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情时只能用此结构。
I will/shall go to visit him next week.
下周我将去拜访他。
—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday.
—Oh，I didn’t know.I will see him after work.
——汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。
——噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。
（2）“will＋动词原形”表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。
Wherever he goes，he will take an umbrella with him.
无论到哪儿，他总是带着一把伞。
（3）“be going to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算、有迹象表明要做某事。
What are you going to do next Sunday？
下星期天你打算干什么？
Look at the black clouds！ It is going to rain.
瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。
（4）“be （just） about to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的事，常译为“刚要……，就要……”，不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用。
Please get everything ready.The experiment is about to start.
请做好一切准备。实验就要开始了。
（5）be to do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。
Who is to clean the classroom today？
今天该谁打扫教室了？
六、将来进行时
1.构成：shall/will be＋现在分词。
2.基本用法：
（1）将来进行时表示将来某一时间段内或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow，this evening，this time tomorrow，next year，in two days等。
This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema to see a film.
明天这个时候他们会坐在电影院里看电影。
（2）将来进行时表示已经安排好要发生的动作。
Tom will be seeing his friend off at the airport tomorrow.
汤姆明天将到机场为他的朋友送行。
（3）将来进行时表示预测可能会发生的事。
When I arrive home，my mother will probably be waiting for me for lunch.
当我到家时，我母亲可能正在等我吃午饭。
（4）将来进行时用于疑问句、条件状语从句或I hope/think 等的宾语从句中，表示亲切或委婉的语气。
If you will be needing me for help，please let me know.
你如果需要我的帮助，请告诉我。
七、将来完成时
1.构成：shall/will＋have＋过去分词。
2.基本用法：
（1）表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
（2）表示推测，相当于“must have done”结构。
You will have heard of this，I guess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①The librarian can’t attend the meeting at 4 o’clock this afternoon because he （occupy） himself in checking the new books.
②Don’t phone me between 8：00 and 10：00 tomorrow.I （have） classes then.
③You （lie） on the splendid beach at this time the next day， admiring the sunset.
④Weather permitting， we （go） on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
⑤We （complete） the task by the time you arrive at the airport tomorrow.
八、一般过去时
1.构成：动词过去式。
2.基本用法：
（1）一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与明确表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday，last week，in 1949，once，in the past，a few days ago等连用。
I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
今天早上我吃了两个鸡蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。
I graduated from this middle school three years ago.
三年前我从这所中学毕业。
名师点津
有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。
Your phone number again？ I didn’t quite catch it.
再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我刚才没听见。
（2）一般过去时表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。
She got up，washed her face，cleaned her teeth，had her breakfast and then went to work.
她起床后，洗完脸，刷完牙，吃过早饭，然后就去上班了。
（3）一般过去时表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，sometimes等表示频度的词连用。
When I was a teenager，I played table tennis almost every day.
我十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。
（4）一般过去时表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。
I didn’t know you were here.How long have you been here？
我不知道你在这里，你来这儿多久了？
（5）在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作。
We would not leave until the teacher came back.
直到老师回来我们才离开。
九、过去进行时
1.构成：was/were＋现在分词。
2.基本用法：
（1）过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或某一段时间内持续进行的动作，常和then，at that time，this time， last night，the whole night，those days，from one to five yesterday等时间状语连用，表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
What were you doing at this time last week？
上周这个时候你在干什么？
（2）过去进行时表示婉转语气，只限于want，hope，wonder等动词，用以提出请求。
I was wondering if you could give me a lift.
我不知你能否让我搭乘你的车。
（3）过去进行时表示的感彩与现在进行时相似，它也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩，也通常与always，forever，continually等副词连用。
The boy was continually asking questions.
这个男孩老是问东问西。
十、过去完成时
1.构成：had＋过去分词。
2.基本用法：
（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前就完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。
When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已经停了。
（2）过去完成时表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.
在去年他退役前，他已在部队服役了十年。
（3）有些动词如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose， plan等，用过去完成时表示“原来打算做而未做的事”。
He had planned to go abroad，but he changed his mind after finding a good job.
他本来打算出国，但找到一份好工作之后又改变了主意。
（4）过去完成时用于某些固定句型中，如It was the first/second/third ...time that sb had done ...；Hardly/Scarcely ...when ...；No sooner ...than ...等。
It was the first time that I had left home.
那是我第一次离开家。
Hardly had we reached the foot of the mountain when it began to rain.
我们刚走到山脚下，就开始下雨了。
十一、过去将来时
1.构成：would do或was/were going to do。
2.基本用法：
（1）过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间或过去的观点看将要发生的动作或将要呈现的状态，经常用于叙述过去的事情。
It was the last day of our trip， and we would board the flight early in the morning.
那是我们旅行的最后一天，我们将搭乘早上的航班。
I was going to enter the cave when Tom stopped me.
我正准备进山洞，这时汤姆阻止了我。
（2）过去将来时包括一般过去将来时、过去将来进行时和过去将来完成时。
I thought I would take a trip in Africa someday.
我想我有朝一日会去非洲旅行。
I thought I would be taking a trip in Africa during the next June.
我想我来年的6月会在非洲旅行。
I thought I would have left Africa by July.
我想我7月已经离开非洲了。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①They suspected that living things， including humans， （evolve） from lower forms of life.
②It was the second time that I （read） the novel， and each time， I discovered new layers of meaning in the author’s words.
③He （prepare） his lecture all day yesterday.
④She said that she （fly） to London， so I just had a few words with her.
⑤A few months after arriving in China， Mr Smith （fall） in love with the people and culture there.
admission n.允许进入（加入）；录取；承认，招认；入场费，门票费
【教材原句】 I’ve been recommended for admission to study physics at my dream university.
我被推荐进入我梦想中的大学学习物理。
【用法】
（1）admission to ... 允许加入/进入…… （2）admit v. 承认（错误，罪行）；接收；准许进入（或使用） admit doing/having done/that ... 承认做过…… admit sb/sth to be ... 承认某人/某事是…… admit sb to/into 准许某人进入/加入；接收某人入学 be admitted as 作为……被接受
【佳句】 They tried to get into the club but were refused admission.
他们试图进入俱乐部，但遭到了拒绝。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I must learn as much as I can to be admitted a good medical college， where I can prepare myself well enough for the job of a doctor.
②Many people think that schools should not release test scores or rankings of students， nor should they give out results of （admit） to higher-level schools.
【写美】 补全句子
③She made an apology to me and
by mistake.
她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。
make up one’s mind 做出决定；拿定主意
【教材原句】 I can’t make up my mind what the right thing to do is.
我无法决定该做什么正确的事。
【用法】
change one’s mind 改变主意 bear/keep ...in mind 记住…… read one’s mind 看出某人的心思 fix one’s mind on/upon 把注意力集中在……
【佳句】 After graduation from college，they made up their minds to go and settle in the countryside.
大学毕业后，他们决心到农村安家落户。
【点津】 表示“决定做某事”的短语：
make up one’s mind to do sth
decide to do sth
be determined to do sth
He has made up his mind to be/has decided to be/has been determined to be a teacher in the future.他已经下定决心将来当一名教师。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I can’t bear my terrible pronunciation any more and make my mind to improve it.
②When setting realistic goals， you should keep your own strengths mind.
【写美】 补全句子
③This time he failed to so he didn’t know what she would do next.
这次他没有看出妻子的心思，因此他不知道她下一步要做什么。
④
only by working hard can we achieve our ambitions.
记住：我们只有努力工作才能实现我们的抱负。
pass up 放过，放弃，错过（机会）
【教材原句】 I think it would be a great pity to pass up the opportunity to be admitted without taking the exam.我认为没有参加考试错过了被录取的机会是非常遗憾的。
【用法】
pass away 去世 pass by 经过（……旁边）；通过 pass down 使世代相传；流传 pass out 昏迷，失去知觉
【佳句】 It doesn’t do to be too modest.You can pass up a lot of business that way.
太谦虚是不行的，那样你会失去许多生意的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Fortunately， someone passing called the fire department instantly the fire broke out.
②The tradition has been passed from one generation to the next.
【写美】 补全句子
③He peacefully at the age of 90 in 2011.他于2011年平静地去世，享年90岁。
put off 推迟……，使……延期
【教材原句】 Can you put off making a decision until you’ve spoken to your high school advisor？
你能不能推迟做决定直到你和你的高中导师谈一下？
【用法】
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出；放一边 put away 放好；存起来 put forward 提出；推荐；把（钟/表）拨快； 将……提前 put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿 put up with 容忍；忍受 put out 扑灭
【佳句】 The sports meeting has been put off because of the heavy rain.
运动会因为大雨已经被延期了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Since her son entered the primary school， the mother has disciplined herself to put her cellphone when keeping him company.
②Delightedly， a suitable answer has already been put by the chairwoman.
【写美】 补全句子
③Tall buildings ， including a laboratory building and a library.
高层建筑已经建起来了，包括一个实验楼和一个图书馆。
participation n.参加，参与
【教材原句】 In addition to participation in school，a part-time job — such as working in a café or in an office administration role — can also be helpful in this transition.除了上学，兼职工作——比如在咖啡馆工作或在办公室管理部门工作——也可以在这一过渡中有所帮助。
【用法】
（1）participate v. 参加 participate in 参加 （2）participant n. 参与者
【佳句】 To build a civilized city needs everyone’s participation.I will answer the call of duty to make my own contributions.建设文明城市需要每个人的参与。我将响应职责的召唤，作出自己的贡献。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A back injury prevented active （participate） in any sports for a while.
②You can put the books in the appointed place， and other （participant） can have free access to them.
③Everyone in the class is supposed to participate discussions actively.
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
2.一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时
3.一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时
即时演练1
①is ②are wearing ③are saving ④are ⑤is studying
即时演练2
①has risen ②has been crying ③has appeared
④have set ⑤have been practising
即时演练3
①will be occupying ②will be having ③will be lying
④will go ⑤will have completed
即时演练4
①had evolved ②had read ③was preparing
④was flying/would fly ⑤fell
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①to/into ②admission ③admitted taking/having taken my umbrella
2.①up ②in ③read his wife’s mind ④Bear/Keep in mind that
3.①by ②down ③passed away
4.①aside ②forward ③have been put up
5.①participation ②participants ③in
11 / 11(共119张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：时态
①The job calls for great patience.
②We are having an English lesson now.
③For many of us，it’s something we already have experienced.
④...but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a
century.
⑤Eventually your child will leave home to lead his/her own life as a fully
independent adult.
⑥What will we be doing in ten years’ time？
⑦By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the country.
⑧The meeting quickly ended and Steve and I left the room.
⑨...Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting
for patients in his medical practice in London.
⑩...the young Arthur Conan Doyle，born in Scotland in 1859，had
originally worked as a doctor.
1. ①－④句的时态分别为： 、 、
和 。
2. ⑤－⑦句的时态分别为： 、 和
。
3. ⑧－⑩句的时态分别为： 、 和
。
一般现在时
现在进行时
现
在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般将来时
将来进行时
将
来完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过
去完成时
【我的发现】
一、一般现在时
1. 构成：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。
（1）一般现在时表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，
常和often，always，usually，sometimes，every day，once a
week，rarely，seldom，hardly，ever，never等表示频率的时
间状语连用。
I often read books in my spare time.
业余时间我经常看书。
（2）一般现在时用于描述主语的特征、性格、能力等。
He is a man of few words.
他是一个沉默寡言的人。
2. 基本用法：
（3）一般现在时用于陈述客观事实或普遍真理。
The earth moves around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
（4）在主从复合句中，当描述将来的事情时，主句用一般将来
时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现
在时代替一般将来时。
You’ll make great progress if you work hard！
你如果努力学习，就会取得很大进步。
（5）一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通
常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词（词组），如go，
come，leave，start，begin，open，close，arrive，take off等，
其后常跟表示将来的时间状语。
The train leaves at 7：25 this evening.
火车今晚7：25开。
（6）小说、故事、电影、文学作品等的情节介绍、评论等一般使
用一般现在时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜
性”，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。
Harry Potter is set in the modern world.
《哈利·波特》以现代世界为背景。
（7）一般现在时常用于格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
骄者必败。
二、现在进行时
1. 构成：am/is/are＋现在分词。
2. 基本用法：
（1）现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，常
与now，at present，at this moment，these days，this
week/month等时间状语连用。
All the classmates are reviewing their lessons in the classroom
now.
所有的同学正在教室里复习功课。
（2）现在进行时常与always，continually，constantly，forever等表
示频度的副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有厌
烦、责备、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。
She is always thinking of others instead of herself.
她总是想着别人而不是她自己。
（3）现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，主要用于表示按计划或安
排将要发生的动作。常与come，go，leave，depart，arrive，
stay，start/begin， take off等动词（词组）连用。
Mr Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight.
史密斯先生今晚去南京。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Whether there is life on the moon （be） an interesting
question.
②I can guess you were in a hurry.You
（wear） your sweater inside out.
is
are wearing
③They won’t buy new clothes because they
（save） money to buy a new house.
④Look！ Quantities of food he bought last night （be）
on the table.
⑤Cathy， as well as her cousins， （study）
Chinese in China now.
are saving
are
is studying
三、现在完成时
1. 构成：have/has＋过去分词。
2. 基本用法：
（1）现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响
或结果，常与already，yet，never，before，so far，up to now
等连用。
I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.
我已经提前制订了学习计划。
（2）现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始持续到现在，也许还会
继续下去。常用的时间状语有：for＋时间段，since＋过去的
时间点，recently，lately，this week，this month，this year，
these days，during/in the last/past few years等。
We have learned English for eight years.
我们学英语八年了。
名师点津
当现在完成时表示动作持续时，谓语动词应该使用延续性动词。
He has left for ten minutes.（×）
He has been away for ten minutes.（√）
他已经离开十分钟了。
He has bought this book for two months.（×）
He has had this book for two months.（√）
他买这本书已有两个月了。
（3）在“It/This is the first/second .../last time＋从句”与“It/This is
the＋序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”这两个句型中，
从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。
It is the first time I have driven a car.
这是我第一次开车。
This is the most interesting film that he has directed.
这是他导演的最有趣的电影。
（4）现在完成时可用在状语从句中代替将来完成时，这时从句的动
作要先于主句的动作发生。
I’ll go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.
我一完成作业就去参加聚会。
四、现在完成进行时
1. 构成：have/has been＋现在分词。
2. 基本用法：
（1）现在完成进行时表示过去开始到现在（没有停止）且还将
继续进行下去的动作，一般翻译成： 一直做某事。常与
all this time，this week，this month，all night，all the
morning，recently等状语以及since＋时间点、for＋时间
段等时间状语连用。
I have been reading this book for two weeks.
这两周我一直在读这本书。
（2）表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动
作在说话时并不一定在进行。
They have been discussing the matter several times this year.
他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。
（3）表示强烈的感彩。
Who’s been eating my apples？
谁老是在吃我的苹果？
名师点津
现在完成时&现在完成进行时辨析
时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复 感彩
现在完成时 强调动作对现在的影响或产生的后果 不表示动作
的反复 一般不含有感情
色彩
现在完成进行时 强调动作的持续性 可表示动作
的反复 可表示强烈的感
彩
我们把教室打扫过了。（已经完成）
We have been cleaning the classroom.
我们一直在打扫教室。（尚未完成）
Have you met her lately？
你最近跟她见过面吗？（强调结果）
Have you been meeting her lately？
你最近总跟她见面吗？（强调动作重复）
We have looked for him，but haven’t found him.
我们找过他，但没有找到他。（无感彩）
Where have you been？ We have been looking for you everywhere.
你到哪里去了？我们到处在找你。（表示不满的感彩）
We have cleaned the classroom.
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①It is estimated that sea level （rise） by over 20
centimetres since 1880.
②Her eyes are red.It’s obvious that she （cry） for
a long time.
③So far more than one farmer singer （appear） on the
stage of the Spring Festival Gala.
④It is the second time that I （set） my foot on this city.
⑤—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I （practise） a lot
these days.
has risen
has been crying
has appeared
have set
have been practising
五、一般将来时
1. 构成：shall/will＋动词原形（shall多用于第一人称），be going to＋
动词原形，be （just） about to＋动词原形，be to＋动词原形。
2. 基本用法：
（1）“shall/will＋动词原形”表示即将发生的动作或存在的状
态，特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的
事情时只能用此结构。
I will/shall go to visit him next week.
下周我将去拜访他。
—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday.
—Oh，I didn’t know.I will see him after work.
——汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。
——噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。
（2）“will＋动词原形”表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。
Wherever he goes，he will take an umbrella with him.
无论到哪儿，他总是带着一把伞。
（3）“be going to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、
打算、有迹象表明要做某事。
What are you going to do next Sunday？
下星期天你打算干什么？
Look at the black clouds！ It is going to rain.
瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。
（4）“be （just） about to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的事，常译
为“刚要……，就要……”，不能与表示将来的具体时间状
语连用。
Please get everything ready.The experiment is about to start.
请做好一切准备。实验就要开始了。
（5）be to do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。
Who is to clean the classroom today？
今天该谁打扫教室了？
六、将来进行时
1. 构成：shall/will be＋现在分词。
2. 基本用法：
（1）将来进行时表示将来某一时间段内或某一时刻正在进行的动
作或存在的状态，常与将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow，
this evening，this time tomorrow，next year，in two days等。
This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema to see a
film.
明天这个时候他们会坐在电影院里看电影。
（2）将来进行时表示已经安排好要发生的动作。
Tom will be seeing his friend off at the airport tomorrow.
汤姆明天将到机场为他的朋友送行。
（3）将来进行时表示预测可能会发生的事。
When I arrive home，my mother will probably be waiting for me
for lunch.
当我到家时，我母亲可能正在等我吃午饭。
（4）将来进行时用于疑问句、条件状语从句或I hope/think 等的宾
语从句中，表示亲切或委婉的语气。
If you will be needing me for help，please let me know.
你如果需要我的帮助，请告诉我。
七、将来完成时
1. 构成：shall/will＋have＋过去分词。
2. 基本用法：
（1）表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一
时间产生影响。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
（2）表示推测，相当于“must have done”结构。
You will have heard of this，I guess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
①The librarian can’t attend the meeting at 4 o’clock this
afternoon because he （occupy） himself
in checking the new books.
②Don’t phone me between 8：00 and 10：00
tomorrow.I （have） classes then.
③You （lie） on the splendid beach at this
time the next day， admiring the sunset.
④Weather permitting， we （go） on an outing to
the beach tomorrow.
⑤We （complete） the task by the
time you arrive at the airport tomorrow.
will be occupying
will be having
will be lying
will go
will have completed
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
八、一般过去时
1. 构成：动词过去式。
2. 基本用法：
（1）一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存
在的状态，常与明确表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday，last
week，in 1949，once，in the past，a few days ago等连用。
I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
今天早上我吃了两个鸡蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。
I graduated from this middle school three years ago.
三年前我从这所中学毕业。
名师点津
有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去
发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。
Your phone number again？ I didn’t quite catch it.
再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我刚才没听见。
（2）一般过去时表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。
She got up，washed her face，cleaned her teeth，had her
breakfast and then went to work.
她起床后，洗完脸，刷完牙，吃过早饭，然后就去上班了。
（3）一般过去时表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。
常与often，usually，sometimes等表示频度的词连用。
When I was a teenager，I played table tennis almost every day.
我十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。
（4）一般过去时表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。
I didn’t know you were here.How long have you been here？
我不知道你在这里，你来这儿多久了？
（5）在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将
来时，表示过去将要发生的动作。
We would not leave until the teacher came back.
直到老师回来我们才离开。
九、过去进行时
1. 构成：was/were＋现在分词。
2. 基本用法：
（1）过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或某一段时间内持续
进行的动作，常和then，at that time，this time， last night，
the whole night，those days，from one to five yesterday等时间
状语连用，表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
What were you doing at this time last week？
上周这个时候你在干什么？
（2）过去进行时表示婉转语气，只限于want，hope，wonder等动
词，用以提出请求。
I was wondering if you could give me a lift.
我不知你能否让我搭乘你的车。
（3）过去进行时表示的感彩与现在进行时相似，它也可表示
满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩，也通常与always，
forever，continually等副词连用。
The boy was continually asking questions.
这个男孩老是问东问西。
十、过去完成时
1. 构成：had＋过去分词。
2. 基本用法：
（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前就完成了的动
作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个
时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表
示，还可以通过上下文来表示。
When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已经停了。
（2）过去完成时表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另
一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last
year.
在去年他退役前，他已在部队服役了十年。
（3）有些动词如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，
suppose， plan等，用过去完成时表示“原来打算做而未做的
事”。
He had planned to go abroad，but he changed his mind after
finding a good job.
他本来打算出国，但找到一份好工作之后又改变了主意。
（4）过去完成时用于某些固定句型中，如It was the
first/second/third ...time that sb had done ...；
Hardly/Scarcely ...when ...；No sooner ...than ...等。
It was the first time that I had left home.
那是我第一次离开家。
Hardly had we reached the foot of the mountain when it began to
rain.
我们刚走到山脚下，就开始下雨了。
十一、过去将来时
1. 构成：would do或was/were going to do。
2. 基本用法：
（1）过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间或过去的观点看将要发生
的动作或将要呈现的状态，经常用于叙述过去的事情。
It was the last day of our trip， and we would board the flight
early in the morning.
那是我们旅行的最后一天，我们将搭乘早上的航班。
I was going to enter the cave when Tom stopped me.
我正准备进山洞，这时汤姆阻止了我。
（2）过去将来时包括一般过去将来时、过去将来进行时和过去将
来完成时。
I thought I would take a trip in Africa someday.
我想我有朝一日会去非洲旅行。
I thought I would be taking a trip in Africa during the next June.
我想我来年的6月会在非洲旅行。
I thought I would have left Africa by July.
我想我7月已经离开非洲了。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
①They suspected that living things， including humans，
（evolve） from lower forms of life.
②It was the second time that I （read） the
novel， and each time， I discovered new layers of meaning in
the author’s words.
③He （prepare） his lecture all day
yesterday.
④She said that she （fly） to
London， so I just had a few words with her.
⑤A few months after arriving in China， Mr Smith
（fall） in love with the people and culture there.
had
evolved
had read
was preparing
was flying/would fly
fell
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
admission n.允许进入（加入）；录取；承认，招认；入场费，门
票费
【教材原句】 I’ve been recommended for admission to study physics
at my dream university.
我被推荐进入我梦想中的大学学习物理。
【用法】
（1）admission to ... 允许加入/进入……
（2）admit v. 承认（错误，罪行）；接收；准许进入（或使用）
admit doing/having done/that ... 承认做过……
admit sb/sth to be ... 承认某人/某事是……
admit sb to/into 准许某人进入/加入；接收某人入学
be admitted as 作为……被接受
【佳句】 They tried to get into the club but were refused admission.他
们试图进入俱乐部，但遭到了拒绝。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I must learn as much as I can to be admitted a good medical
college， where I can prepare myself well enough for the job of a doctor.
②Many people think that schools should not release test scores or rankings
of students， nor should they give out results of （admit）
to higher-level schools.
to/into
admission
【写美】 补全句子
③She made an apology to me and
by mistake.
她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。
admitted taking/having taken my
umbrella
make up one’s mind 做出决定；拿定主意
【教材原句】 I can’t make up my mind what the right thing to do is.
我无法决定该做什么正确的事。
【用法】
change one’s mind 改变主意
bear/keep ...in mind 记住……
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思
fix one’s mind on/upon 把注意力集中在……
【佳句】 After graduation from college，they made up their minds to
go and settle in the countryside.
大学毕业后，他们决心到农村安家落户。
【点津】 表示“决定做某事”的短语：
make up one’s mind to do sth
decide to do sth
be determined to do sth
He has made up his mind to be/has decided to be/has been determined
to be a teacher in the future.
他已经下定决心将来当一名教师。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I can’t bear my terrible pronunciation any more and make my
mind to improve it.
②When setting realistic goals， you should keep your own
strengths mind.
up
in
【写美】 补全句子
③This time he failed to so he didn’t know
what she would do next.
这次他没有看出妻子的心思，因此他不知道她下一步要做什么。
④ only by working hard can we achieve our
ambitions.
记住：我们只有努力工作才能实现我们的抱负。
read his wife’s mind
Bear/Keep in mind that
pass up 放过，放弃，错过（机会）
【教材原句】 I think it would be a great pity to pass up the opportunity
to be admitted without taking the exam.我认为没有参加考试错过了被录
取的机会是非常遗憾的。
【用法】
pass away 去世
pass by 经过（……旁边）；通过
pass down 使世代相传；流传
pass out 昏迷，失去知觉
【佳句】 It doesn’t do to be too modest.You can pass up a lot of
business that way.
太谦虚是不行的，那样你会失去许多生意的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Fortunately， someone passing called the fire department
instantly the fire broke out.
②The tradition has been passed from one generation to the
next.
by
down
【写美】 补全句子
③He peacefully at the age of 90 in 2011.
他于2011年平静地去世，享年90岁。
passed away
put off 推迟……，使……延期
【教材原句】 Can you put off making a decision until you’ve spoken
to your high school advisor？
你能不能推迟做决定直到你和你的高中导师谈一下？
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出；放一边
put away 放好；存起来
put forward 提出；推荐；把（钟/表）拨快；将……提前
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put up with 容忍；忍受
put out 扑灭
【用法】
【佳句】 The sports meeting has been put off because of the heavy
rain.
运动会因为大雨已经被延期了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Since her son entered the primary school， the mother has disciplined
herself to put her cellphone when keeping him company.
②Delightedly， a suitable answer has already been put by
the chairwoman.
aside
forward
【写美】 补全句子
③Tall buildings ， including a laboratory building
and a library.
高层建筑已经建起来了，包括一个实验楼和一个图书馆。
have been put up
participation n.参加，参与
【教材原句】 In addition to participation in school，a part-time job —
such as working in a café or in an office administration role — can also be
helpful in this transition.
除了上学，兼职工作——比如在咖啡馆工作或在办公室管理部门工
作——也可以在这一过渡中有所帮助。
【用法】
（1）participate v. 参加
participate in 参加
（2）participant n. 参与者
【佳句】 To build a civilized city needs everyone’s participation.I
will answer the call of duty to make my own contributions.建设文明城市
需要每个人的参与。我将响应职责的召唤，作出自己的贡献。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A back injury prevented active （participate） in any
sports for a while.
②You can put the books in the appointed place， and
other （participant） can have free access to them.
③Everyone in the class is supposed to participate discussions
actively.
participation
participants
in
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
make up one’s mind， put off， pass up， weigh up， have second
thoughts
1. Young people should never the opportunity to go to
university.
pass up
2. You’d better the advantages and disadvantages before you
make the final decision.
3. Little Tom went to the stadium in a hurry， only to be informed the
game had been .
4. He agreed to lend me some money yesterday， but now he
.
5. Jenny to make an apology to her mother for her
rudeness.
weigh up
put off
has
second thoughts
made up her mind
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. While we can’t predict what ， we can guide
ourselves with determination.尽管我们不能预测会发生什么，但可以
用决心指引自己。
2. Tu Youyou to get the Nobel Prize.
屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。
will happen
is the first Chinese woman
3. Perhaps no other scientist than Qian
Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森的影响更大了。
4. This is the first time that I for such
a long time.
这是我第一次离家这么长时间。
5. I can’t help you with the housework because I
now.
我不能帮助你做家务，因为我现在在做作业。
has had a greater impact
have been away from my family
am doing my
homework
6. The local government to solve the problem，
which made people in disaster-stricken area feel relieved.
当地政府已采取行动来解决问题，这使灾区人民如释重负。
7. He found a watch on the ground when he
.
他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有一块手表。
8. When I hurried to school，
.
当我匆匆赶到学校时，老师已经走进教室了。
had taken action
was cleaning the
classroom
the teacher had come into the
classroom
9. They when the power went
off suddenly.
他们正在激烈的讨论问题，这时突然停电了。
10. I at the airport at ten tomorrow
morning.
明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。
were discussing the problem heatedly
will be seeing a friend off
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Now， 93-year-old James Crowley is very grateful because a stranger
1. （help） him find the wedding ring that he lost in a pile of
leaves.
Crowley 2. （clear） leaves from his yard when he
found that his wedding ring was gone.“It was the first time that my ring
3. （be）off my finger，” Crowley said.He immediately
4. （call） his daughter Deidre Miguel.
helped
was clearing
had been
called
Since Miguel grew up near the beach， she 5. （know）
that people have metal detectors （探测器） in Westerly， so she posted a
message on Westerly’s Facebook group asking if someone with a metal
detector could help look for her father’s wedding ring.Ryan Ledbetter
6. （respond） immediately.
The next morning， Crowley and Ledbetter went over every part of
the yard that Crowley 7. （work） on the day
before.Finally， they found the wedding ring.Miguel says she 8.
（resize） the ring to better fit her dad’s finger.
knows
responded
had worked
will
resize
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Parents often think that their kids should be good at studies and do
well in sports.That’s usually the case because parents feel that could get
their children admission to top colleges.However， Melissa and Mark
Wimmer think differently.
Their 14-year-old son， Mike， is a prodigy.He is a member of
Mensa， which is the world’s top IQ club.He completed his high
school， associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years.That’s
not all.He also ran two tech companies， founded a third one that works
towards controlling the population of lionfish， an invasive （入侵的）
species.
But the parents are proud that they were able to help Mike with his
social skills along with his intellectual skills.Melissa told CNBC that
people expected “Young Sheldon” before they met her son.Young
Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and
lacks social skills.“But once they talk to Mike， they understand that
he’s just a normal 14-year-old that happens to be able to do amazing
things，” said Melissa.
Mark and Melissa got to know about their child’s intelligence when
he entered preschool.A child psychologist told them that their son would
need a different course to support his fast-track development.Many parents
aren’t comfortable with putting their children with 18-year-olds， but
Mike’s parents saw the value in letting their child go through it.“I
wanted him to be social and be able to deal with all the different
personalities in the classrooms with older children，” said Melissa.
The parents shared that they were able to do this by letting Mike find
his own voice and put it to use.“We let him order food when he’s 3 or 4
from the waiter or waitress and introduce himself to people.Those kinds of
things are done to encourage him to engage with everyone else and be more
comfortable talking to others outside of our environment，” said
Melissa.
Thanks to his parents， Mike has learned to get along with young and
old alike.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了天才少年Mike的父母在
助力儿子发展智力的同时，鼓励并帮助他发展社交技能的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了天才少年Mike的父母在
助力儿子发展智力的同时，鼓励并帮助他发展社交技能的故事。
1. What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
（ ）
A. A gifted person.
B. A famous student.
C. A brilliant biologist.
D. A successful businessman.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文He is a member of
Mensa ...degrees all in three years.可知，Mike的智商非常高，学习
能力非常强，能迅速完成学业。由此推测，他是一个天才。a
prodigy意为“极具天赋的人”。
2. What can we infer about the child in the show Young Sheldon？
（ ）
A. He likes to make friends.
B. He is a well-rounded man.
C. He is a popular child actor.
D. He is poor at dealing with people.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Young Sheldon is a
television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks
social skills.可知，《小谢尔顿》这部电视剧中的天才少年宅在家
里，缺乏社交能力。由此推断，他不善于与人打交道。
3. How did Mark and Melissa discover Mike’s high intelligence？
（ ）
A. Through a recommendation from a child psychologist.
B. Through observing Mike’s behavior in preschool.
C. Through participating in a special educational program.
D. Through the information provided by Mike’s school teachers.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，通过一位儿童心
理学家的建议，Mark和Melissa发现了Mike的高智商。
4. What do Mike’s parents do to improve his social skills？（ ）
A. Teach him some communication rules.
B. Encourage him to speak in class.
C. Place him in social situations.
D. Let him go to school alone.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Melissa所说的We let
him order food ...outside of our environment可知，Mike的父母让他
置身社交场合中，鼓励他和其他人交流，从而提高他的社交技能。
B
As to psychological wellbeing， the comfort zone is frequently
perceived as a haven， a familiar location where individuals feel calm and
peaceful.Pushing beyond this psychological state might have benefits.
The comfort zone can be understood as a behavioral metaphor.Within
a comfort zone， an individual takes on a state of minimal anxiety without
a perception of risk， responding predictably to deliver a consistent level
of performance.These include behaviors that people do commonly， find
relaxing， or that take them away from high-stress situations.Engaging in
the same manner over time leads to a predictable and familiar zone of
comfort.As creatures of habit， we become dependent on these routines
that we know we can complete well to feel secure.However， by stepping
outside of our comfort zone， we learn about our ability to handle new
situations and control risks， leading to greater self-confidence， and
lower levels of anxiety.
One study found that individuals who are more secure in stepping out
of their comfort zone are more likely to be excited by and look forward to
new experiences， feeling greater confidence in their ability to take them
on.
One behavior that demonstrates the benefits of stepping out of a
comfort zone is learning to play a musical instrument.When we consider
actions outside of our comfort zone， we must assess our desire to engage
in that activity.By weighing the pros and cons， we evaluate how
uncomfortable a situation may seem， and whether the danger of entering
such an unknown situation will be worth the risk.
Music offers a safe way to step out of your initial comfort zone
because you can begin by practicing in an isolated setting， which offers a
casual， safe way to build a new skill set.By picking up and practicing a
new instrument， you have proven to yourself that you are capable of
meeting an unfamiliar objective， thus decreasing anxiety.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了走出舒适区能够给
人带来好处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了走出舒适区能够给
人带来好处。
5. What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 1 most
probably mean？（ ）
A. Habitat. B. Shelter.
C. Community. D. Destination.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的进一步解释a familiar
location where individuals feel calm and peaceful可知，画线词haven
应是指安全的、熟悉的地方，即避风港、庇护所等。
6. Which will not be considered when we step out of our comfort zone？
（ ）
A. We recall the old experience.
B. We think whether it is worth the risk.
C. We evaluate our thirsty for the activity.
D. We weigh the strengths and weaknesses.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的When we consider
actions ...will be worth the risk.可知，在考虑走出舒适区行为时，
会评估参与该活动的愿望，权衡利弊，是否值得冒险。A项（我们
回忆起过去的经历）不在考虑范围之内。
7. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph？（ ）
A. The definition of the comfort zone.
B. The importance of psychological wellbeing.
C. The process of learning a new musical instrument.
D. The benefits of stepping out of one’s comfort zone.
解析： 推理判断题。末段尾句提出了学习一种新乐器这一话
题。由此推断，文章接下来会讲述作为想要走出舒适区的新手如何
学习乐器。
8. Which of the following is the best title for the text？（ ）
A. How to Identify Comfort Zone
B. Staying Inside Comfort Zone is Important
C. Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning
D. How to Take Yourself Away from High-stress Situations
解析： 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了走出舒适区可能会有的好
处，文中用学习乐器作为举例，详细论述了走出舒适区能够促进自
己提升能力，尤其是在学习方面。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Jessica Wells had always wanted to be a nurse.In 2006， she 9
to the Associate Science of Nursing （ASN） program. 10 ，her GPA
wasn’t high enough to make the cut， so she was 11 as a general
education student， hoping to improve her academic 12 .
Eventually， Wells， who is deaf， blossomed， 13 the
accommodations （调和） that the college offered to her， such as
volunteer note takers and 14 who accompanied her in class.
After college administrators asked an employee whether Wells，
a 15 girl， would make it as a nursing student， the employee
reported that “the deaf or hard-of-hearing individual can be 16 as
both a medical student and a nurse”.Wells， then in her mid-20s， was
accepted into the ASN program in fall 2007.
On 22 January， however， just before the spring 2008 semester
began， Wells received a letter from the school， 17 her from the
program.The college decided that her “hearing loss would 18 limit
（and in some cases completely limit） her ability to safely
conduct 19 shifts”.On 21 January 2009， Wells made a protest to
the Circuit Court of Greene County.She claimed that her failure to stay in
the program 20 the Americans with Disabilities Act （ ADA ）.
“She’d done just fine in her training，” says Wells’s lawyer，
Rita Sanders.“The school’s decision had no 21 .”
ADA
However， the college replied， arguing that the loss of hearing
will 22 a direct threat to the health or safety of patients.Faced with
such an injustice， Wells resolved to fight for herself and others facing the
same 23 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述杰西卡·威尔斯在失聪
的艰难处境中不甘于向命运屈服而努力求学上进的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述杰西卡·威尔斯在失聪
的艰难处境中不甘于向命运屈服而努力求学上进的故事。
9. A. turned B. admitted
C. applied D. ceased
解析： 根据空后的the Associate Science of Nursing （ASN）
program可知，威尔斯在2006年时申请了护理助理科学课程。
10. A. Unfortunately B. Surprisingly
C. Finally D. Unbelievably
解析： “她的平均分数不够高”与上文“她申请了护理助理
科学课程”在逻辑上构成转折关系。
11. A. extracted B. enrolled
C. rejected D. inquired
解析： 根据下文a general education student可知，这是威尔斯的
身份。be enrolled as “被招收为”。
12. A. tendency B. belief
C. assessment D. performance
解析： 根据上文her GPA wasn’t high enough可知，威尔斯想
要符合要求参与护理助理科学课程就需要提高她的学分。
academic performance “学业成绩”。
13. A. but for B. thanks to
C. apart from D. up to
解析： 根据空后the accommodations （调和） that the college
offered to her可知，这是失聪的威尔斯能变得自信的原因。
14. A. professors B. companions
C. advisers D. interpreters
解析： 根据空后accompanied her in class可知，威尔斯在课堂
有了同伴。
15. A. hearing-disabled B. strong-willed
C. kind-hearted D. short-sighted
解析： 根据下文the deaf or hard-of-hearing individual可知，威
尔斯不具有听力能力。
16. A. tough B. ambitious
C. successful D. reasonable
解析： 根据下文威尔斯于2007年秋季被护理助理科学课程
录取可知，管理人员认为威尔斯能成功地作为护理专业的学生
和护士。
17. A. dismissing B. employing
C. escaping D. skipping
解析： 根据上文可知，威尔斯于2007年秋季被护理助理科学
课程录取，再由however一词可知，情况发生了变化，学校将她从
课程计划中除名。dismiss ...from ...“将（某人）从……开除，
使（某人）退去”。
18. A. seldom B. greatly
C. totally D. slightly
解析： 根据下文in some cases completely limit可知，学院认为
威尔斯的听力受损会很大程度上影响她的工作。
19. A. social B. academic
C. clinical D. athletic
解析： 威尔斯是学习护理专业的，根据shift一词可知，护士在
临床工作中会有交接的工作进行。
20. A. goes against B. turns down
C. calls for D. gets through
解析： 根据威尔斯向格林县巡回法院提出抗议可知，她认为
学校让她从该课程中离开的做法是违背法律规定的。
21. A. consequences B. theories
C. faiths D. grounds
解析： 根据上文Wells made a protest to the circuit court of
Greene County可知，律师丽塔·桑德斯认为学校没有理由作出让她
从该课程中离开的决定。
22. A. pose B. mark C. switch D. yield
解析： 根据空后a direct threat to the health or safety of patients可
知，选择pose一词合乎语义的需要。pose a threat to “对……造成
威胁”。
23. A. recognition B. dilemma
C. prejudice D. preference
解析： 根据上文的讲述以及such an injustice可知，威尔斯
因为残疾而在学业上受到了偏见，为此她要通过法律向学校讨
要公平。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Lin Huiyin， a Chinese architect and writer， is known to be the first
female architect in modern China.Born in 1904，24. women had limited access to education， Lin was able to receive a formal
education due to her 25. （wealth） family.She received
degrees in the United States and England.
In the 1920s， Lin studied art at the University of Pennsylvania
26. an undergraduate.She desired 27. （attend） the School of Architecture， but could not be admitted as she was a woman.She therefore enrolled in the School of Fine Arts and later
Yale University while pursuing her architecture passion on the side.
In 1936， Lin and Liang Sicheng， her husband， climbed onto the
roof of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing 28. （get）
measurements for the imperial （皇家的） complex.Together with
Liang， Lin also began restoration work on other Beijing’s cultural
29. （site）.But in 1937， as Japan’s invasion moved
much 30. （close）， Lin and Liang had to stop the
restoration work and abandon 31. （they） house.
After 1949， Lin became professor of Architecture at Tsinghua
University and 32. （invite） to participate in the design of
the Chinese national emblem.She passed 33. from
tuberculosis （肺结核） in 1955.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国现代第一位女
性建筑师——林徽因。
24. when 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是
1904，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故填关系副词when。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国现代第一位女
性建筑师——林徽因。
25. wealthy 考查词形转换。 空处作定语，修饰名词family， 表示
“富裕的”，故填形容词wealthy。
26. as 考查介词。此处指林徽因在宾夕法尼亚大学学习美术，为本
科生。 as “作为”，符合句意。故填as。
27. to attend 考查非谓语动词。desire to do sth “渴望做某事”。应
用动词不定式作宾语。故填to attend。
28. to get 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表目的， 应用动词
不定式作状语， 故填to get。
29. sites 考查名词的单复数。根据空前的修饰语other可知，可数名
词site应用复数形式。故填sites。
30. closer 考查副词的比较级。空处修饰谓语，应用副词，表距离上
的近，应用close，而且空前是比较级修饰语much， 故填closer。
31. their 考查代词。 空处修饰名词house， 应用形容词性物主代
词。故填their。
32. was invited 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，且
与句中已有的谓语became时态一致， 应用一般过去时， 又主语Lin与
invite是被动关系， 故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。
33. away 考查固定搭配。 pass away “去世”，为固定搭配。此处
指林徽因因肺结核去世。故填away。
谢谢观看！
