Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.The studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more （复杂的） works.
2.TV （商业广告） play an important role in promoting the company’s products among consumers.
3.Under the （情形；情况）， it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
4.The gentleman does not want to go to court unless all other （可供选择的事物） have failed.
5.While I have only listed two of each， there are obviously many other situations that can （出现）.
6.I’m afraid I can’t go to the party tonight as I’m working the night s .
7.The road and railway line d at the bottom of the hill.
8.If you have access to stairs， there are n exercises you can do using just two stairs.
维度二：词形转换
1.During the Chinese New Year， people in some places will buy oranges， which （symbol） good fortune.
2.He wept for the loss of his grandmother and only then did he realize her deep （affect）.
3.If you go to an English corner， try to change the types of activities you take part in so that you can improve both （fluent） and accuracy.
4.I （sincere） beg your pardon， if I have hurt or offended you.I did it quite unintentionally.
5.My first impression of him was that he was a kind and （thought） correspondent.
6.The employer guarantees that （qualify） and motivated employees deserve a high salary.
7.Facing the possessions left to him by his father， the man had a （mix） of emotions.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Skipping breakfast often （导致） low energy levels and poor concentration.
2.We should （充分利用） our teaching facilities to explore their inner world and rate their academic performance.
3.He will （推迟） the picnic until 1 May， when he will be free.
4.The film is so remarkable that we （禁不住爱上它）.
5. （无论好还是坏），what we can do is move forward.
6. （说出……是不可能的） what he is going to do.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“I wish I grew up back in your childhood，” my 14-year-old son said to me.He has an iPhone that is newer than mine.He has many kind friends.There are many forms of entertainment today and he can find nearly all of human knowledge through the Internet.However， he wishes he grew up in the 1970s and 1980s.“Why？” I asked.My son’s answer involves freedom， risk and over-involvement of adults in kids’ lives.
My son has heard his dad tell stories of summer days at the river with his friends.They would jump off the wooden bridge into the water below.My son lives just a few blocks from the same river and the same bridge.The town hasn’t changed， but times have changed.My son knows that if he and his friends try to jump off the bridge and swim as his dad did many times， the most likely outcome （结果） is that some kind adults will call the police.
At 14， an age at which， in generations past， most boys were contributing to the wellbeing of their families by working， and my son is ready， able and willing to put his skills and strength to the test in the real world.However， he， like so many other American boys and girls， is prevented by a culture that seems to have raised safety to the highest regard， without considering how a lack of risk might negatively affect kids’ development.
Let kids try some risky things — cutting the lawn， using tools and sharp knives， starting a fire， cooking — under the supervision （监管） of an adult who tells them safety rules.Allow your kids to gradually take more responsibility.A kid who helps prepare and cook meals will be better prepared to cook independently.
Above all， encourage and praise your kids’ determination.Their desire to deal with challenges and take risks will serve them well in the years to come.
1.Why does the author mention her son？（ ）
A.To praise her son for his creativity.
B.To encourage kids to live a simple life.
C.To introduce the topic of kids’ lacking chances to risk.
D.To show kids’ love for their parents’ childhood life.
2.If trying to jump into the river， the author’s son will probably be .（ ）
A.warned of danger
B.stopped by the police
C.praised for his courage
D.punished seriously by his parents
3.What does the author advise parents to do？（ ）
A.Try risky things before their kids.
B.Help their kids complete risky things.
C.Let their kids know the safety rules first.
D.Supervise their kids when they are doing risky things.
4.What might be the best title for this passage？（ ）
A.Let Your Kids Take a Risk！
B.Improve Your Kids’ Determination！
C.Don’t Be Afraid When Facing Challenges！
D.Share Your Childhood Life with Your Kids！
B
Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist.His unique writing style greatly influenced 20th-century fiction， as did his life of adventure and public image.He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.Many of his works are classics of American literature.He published seven novels， six short story collections， and two non-fiction works during his lifetime； a further three novels， four collections of short stories， and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.
Hemingway was born and raised in Oak Park， Illinois.After leaving high school， he worked for a few months as a reporter for The Kansas City Star， before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War Ⅰ， which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms.
In 1922 Hemingway married Hadley Richardson， the first of his four wives， and the couple moved to Paris， where he worked as a foreign correspondent.During his time there he met and was influenced by modernist writers and artists of the 1920s expatriate （侨居海外的） community known as the “Lost Generation”.His novel， The Sun Also Rises， was published in 1926.
After divorcing Hadley Richardson in 1927， Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer； they divorced following Hemingway’s return from covering the Spanish Civil War， after which he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls.Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940， but he left her for Mary Welsh after World War Ⅱ.
Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952， Hemingway went on safari to Africa， where he was almost killed in a plane crash that left him in pain or ill-health for much of the rest of his life.
Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West， Florida， and Cuba during the 1930s and 1940s， but in 1959 he moved from Cuba to Ketchum， Idaho， where he died in the summer of 1961.
5.What does Hemingway’s unique writing style have the most influence on？（ ）
A.His life of adventure.
B.His public image.
C.20th-century fiction.
D.American lifestyle.
6.What does the underlined word “posthumously” in the first paragraph mean？（ ）
A.During one’s life.
B.After one’s death.
C.During one’s absence.
D.At one’s presence.
7.What is the setting of the novel A Farewell to Arms？（ ）
A.It is set in Oak Park， Illinois.
B.It is set in his high school.
C.It is set in The Kansas City Star.
D.It is set in the Italian front.
8.How are Hemingway’s novels introduced to readers in the text？（ ）
A.By popularity. B.By time.
C.By importance. D.By subject.
C
Most of us set a goal with energy and motivation.If it is achieved， we will feel we are on cloud nine.But in most cases， we can’t reach our goals easily.Why do we often fail to hit the target？ The answer lies in the disconnection between our brains’ evaluation of rewards and the “get it done” realities that influence our behavior.
Our brains are reward-driven organs charged by neurotransmitters （神经递质） that fuel our drives and desires， and it’s easy for us to get carried away in this chemical tsunami.So， when we set up a goal， our focus is on the reward.We picture getting the reward， and how we’ll feel when we make it， which pushes us into action.But once we begin， we come face to face with what’s really required to reach the goal and our focus shifts from reward to effort.
In other words， a focus on rewards fuels the pursuit， but a focus on effort takes over when the work starts.For example， getting up early to exercise for a new healthy lifestyle might seem like a good choice， but once your alarm goes off on a cold January morning， the rewards aren’t enough to get you up and out of bed.When we face the reality of our choices， we realize the effort is too much and give up.
In fairness， though， we don’t always have the best sense of how much effort something will require， especially if it’s a goal we haven’t pursued before.Getting better at setting goals has much to do with figuring this out and not letting ourselves forget the lesson.
Next time， begin our goal pursuits with as much realistic acknowledgment of the effort required as possible.Then， once we begin， refocus back to the reward and continue the efforts.
9.What does the underlined phrase “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 1 mean？（ ）
A.Scared. B.Overjoyed.
C.Restless. D.Weary.
10.What may account for one’s unachieved goal？（ ）
A.Aiming high， working less.
B.Speaking more， doing less.
C.More efforts， less speed.
D.More pains， more gains.
11.What do people often fail to recognize in setting goals？（ ）
A.Duration. B.Effort.
C.Cost. D.Reward.
12.What’s the author’s advice to us？（ ）
A.Refocus back to the goal.
B.Achieve your goal step by step.
C.Accept failure and learn from the past.
D.Set practical goals and work consistently.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
New Year’s resolutions （决心） usually are like some of those promises that are meant to be broken.The word “New” in the new year， puts a lot of pressure on starting over and turning a new leaf.But you must remember you cannot just become a different person overnight when the clock strikes 12.13.（ ）.Instead of making resolutions that cause you stress， anxiety or more pain， set out this year by.Making resolutions that will encourage self-care.
To start fresh this New Year’s Day， here are a few tips setting realistic new years’ resolutions in order to avoid the burden of disappointment next year.
Choose a very specific goal
Unclear plans like “lose weight” “exercise more” or “write more” are goals with no teeth.
They are unclear plans and desires， and are very easy to explain away due to how unclear they are.14.（ ）.Such goals with a certain task， are much more doable than unclear goals.
15.（ ）
Once you have chosen your goals， make a very detailed plan of how you will reach that goal.Having a plan and a pathway can help you imagine your progress and won’t make you impatient for immediate results.That way you will have already imagined what progress would look like for you in say， 3 months， 5 months， 7 months or every day depending on your goals.
Get yourself a social group
In today’s social media world， it is easy to find a group of like-minded individuals interested in sharing your goal.Get yourself a social group like this.However， just as there is this bright side to having a social group， the problem is the pressure.Don’t get consumed by social media and what others are doing.16.（ ）.
Accept failure and forgive yourself
17.（ ）.Accept this failure， own it and forgive yourself.Being hard on yourself will only do you more harm， so instead learn from what went wrong and instead of quitting the resolution at the end of next year， see it through until you reach your goal.
A.Make a plan to reach that goal
B.Be patient with your progress
C.Instead， set goals like “exercise 20 minutes every day” or “lose 15 pounds”
D.Despite all your efforts， it is possible that you might fail or make a mistake
E.Therefore， new year’s resolutions usually end up in failure
F.Change is a difficult process — the key words being “difficult” and “process”
G.Remember you have this group only for support， not for comparison
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你市将在12月3日“国际残疾人日”举行活动，目前正在招募志愿者，请你用英语写一封申请信，内容包括：
1.提出申请；
2.你的优势。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：国际残疾人日International Day of Disabled Persons
Dear Sir or Madam，
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.complex 2.commercials 3.circumstances
4.alternatives 5.arise 6.shift 7.diverge 8.numerous
维度二
1.symbolize 2.affection 3.fluency 4.sincerely
5.thoughtful 6.qualified 7.mixture
维度三
1.results in
2.make the most of
3.put off
4.cannot help but fall in love with it
5.Whether good or bad
6.There is no telling
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过描述孩子的愿望，作者认为孩子应该在成人的监护下适当从事一些冒险的事情，家长不应该一味地保护孩子。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段首句和末句可知，作者儿子希望回到作者那时候的童年。这说明孩子羡慕作者那时的童年，而在问到为什么时，作者儿子的回答中涉及“自由、冒险以及成年人的过度干预”；再结合下文中作者论述的关于成年人如何培养孩子的问题可推断，作者提到她的儿子是为了引出本文的话题：孩子缺乏冒险机会。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，作者儿子知道，如果跳下河去游泳的话，好心的成年人会报警，也就是说，警察会来阻止作者儿子随意跳下河去游泳。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，作者建议，在有家长监管的情况下，让孩子去尝试一些有风险的事情，也就是说，在孩子做危险的事情时监督他们。
4.A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者认为孩子应该在家长的监督下进行一些适当的冒险事情。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作家海明威，他一生中写了很多名著，他的冒险生活和公共形象也对后代有很大影响。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的His unique writing style greatly influenced 20th-century fiction可知，海明威独特的写作风格对20世纪的小说影响最大。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词与上文中的during his lifetime作对比，因此posthumously意为“在某人去世后”。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War Ⅰ， which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms可知，小说A Farewell to Arms以意大利前线为背景。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第二段和下文的in 1922、 in 1926、 in 1927、 in 1940、 in 1952、 in 1959和in the summer of 1961可知，本文是按照时间顺序把海明威的小说介绍给读者的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们确立目标的过程及放弃的原因，并提出了建议。
9.B 词义猜测题。根据文章首句和画线词所在句可知，如果我们设立的目标实现了，我们就会感到很开心。由此推测，画线词与overjoyed意思相近。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和最后一句可知，人们可能因为丰厚的回报而确立较高的目标，但当为此付出行动时，却发现要想实现这个目标需要付出很多努力，这时，如果努力不够，目标可能就无法实现。
11.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句及倒数第二段第一句可知，人们确立目标时，会关注到如果成功则会带来回报，而不会意识到需要付出多少努力。
12.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者建议人们设定切实可行的目标，并为之持续努力。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何制订并有效完成新年计划。
13.F 根据空前一句可知，改变不是瞬间就可以实现的，所填句应与此衔接，表示改变会是一个缓慢或艰难的过程。F项（改变是一个艰难的过程，关键词是“困难”和“过程”）符合语境。
14.C 根据本段小标题以及设空前后句可知，空处表示要设定具体的目标，与前句形成对比，与后句形成呼应。C项（相反，设定像“每天锻炼20分钟”或“减掉15磅”这样的目标）承上启下。
15.A 设空处为本段小标题。根据段中make a very detailed plan及Having a plan and ...for immediate results.可知，本段建议大家制订一个相应的计划以达到目标。A项概括了该段内容。
16.G 空前两句指出，加入社交群体有正反两方面，并提出建议：“不要沉迷于社交群体和别人在做什么。”由此推断，所填句会解释提出此建议的缘由，即“加入社交群体的目的是要获得支持或帮助，而不是比较”。G项承接上文内容。
17.D 根据段落小标题可知，本段主要讲述实现新年计划的过程会困难重重，虽然你会很努力，但失败是不可避免的，你也会因此而犯错。D项（尽管你尽了全力，还是有可能失败或犯错误）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m Li Hua， a middle school student.Knowing that an activity will be held on the International Day of Disabled Persons， I apply to be a volunteer.
Firstly， I have a good command of English， which can make me communicate with foreigners well.Secondly， I’m outgoing， and I like dealing with others.Thirdly， I have done a lot of volunteer work during my free time， so I have much experience.
I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance.I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
5 / 5Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood，
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler， long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth①；
Then took the other， as just as fair，
And having perhaps the better claim，
Because it was grassy and wanted wear；
Though as for that， the passing there
Had worn them really about the same，
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh， I kept the first for another day！
Yet knowing how way leads on to way，
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence：
Two roads diverged in a wood， and I —
I took the one less traveled by，
And that has made all the difference.
Lines from the poem The Road Not Taken are often quoted② in speeches of all kinds③.The poem has been set to④ music by a number of artists and used in numerous⑤television commercials.[1] It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time⑥， not only because of its natural style， but also because of its thoughtful⑦ insights into⑧ human nature.
[1]本句为简单句，not only ...but also ...连接并列的原因状语。
[2] When reading The Road Not Taken， one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the
【读文清障】
①undergrowth n.（长在大树下或周边的）下木层，下层灌木丛
②quote v.引用；引述
③of all kinds各种各样的
④be set to被设为；被改编为……
⑤numerous adj.许多的，很多的
⑥of all time有史以来
⑦thoughtful adj.认真思考的，深思的
⑧insight into对……的深刻理解；洞察力
countryside. Paths in the woods are often used to symbolize⑨ how our lives progress⑩ and change.The lines “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood，/And sorry I could not travel both” give us a visual representation of the choices that we face and the decisions that we need to make.Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis .These range from the basic “What should I wear today？” to the key issues of what subject to study at university or what job to do after graduation.Of course， the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems， when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
[2]本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，when后省略了“主语（one）＋系动词（is）”；cannot help but see为“cannot help but do sth”结构，意为“忍不住做某事”。
[3] Whether big or small， what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences .Once we make a decision， in most circumstances ， there is no going back.Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day， he knows it’s unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to do so.[4] Like the writer， all we can do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been.
[3]本句中what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。whether ...or ...意为“是……还是……；无论……”。
[4]all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略不定式符号to。
This sigh ， this wondering whether we made the right choice， is understandable .Although we may be free to choose which path to take， this choice isn’t easy when those two paths look similar.[5] Presented with two job offers， for instance， we may wonder exactly what it is we’re choosing between. What if ， in choosing one， we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities？ Will we ever even find out [6] whether we made the right choice？
[5]本句为复合句。Presented with two job offers为过去分词短语作时间状语； what it is we’re choosing between作wonder的宾语。
[6]whether引导宾语从句。
Ultimately， the road ahead — the road through our lives — is a mixture of choice and chance.And when we are approaching the end of that road， how will we remember the journey？ How will we look back on our lives？ In the poem， the writer doubts his choice， thinking that in the future “ages and ages hence”， he may claim that he took the “less traveled” road.[7] Some of us do take a more unusual path through life， and while it may be a harder one to follow， it can also lead to new adventures and experiences. Nonetheless ， part of the art of decision-making is learning to make the most of our decisions.Instead of looking back with regret ， we should be facing our future with energy and optimism， for the choices are ours， and ours only.
[7]本句为and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，“do＋动词原形”对谓语动词进行强调；在第二个分句中，while引导让步状语从句。
⑨symbolize v.象征，代表
symbol n.象征
⑩progress v.进步；改进；进展
diverge v.（两条路）岔开，分开
a visual representation视觉体现
alternative n.可供选择的事物
on a daily basis每天
range from ...to ...
从……到……变化/不同
dilemma n.进退两难的境地，困境
arise v.（由……）引起
arise from产生于，起因于
moral adj.道德的；道义上的
result in导致
have ...in common有相同之处
specific consequence特定的后果
circumstance n.情况，情形
in most circumstances在大多数情况下
consider v.考虑
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
sigh n.叹息
understandable adj.可以理解的
understand v.理解；明白
what if ...要是……怎么办？
unknowingly adv.未意识到地；不知不觉地
turn down拒绝
find out发现，找出，查明
mixture n. 混合； 混合体
a mixture of……的混合物/混合体
look back on回顾，回首
claim v.声称
unusual adj.非同寻常的；罕见的；独特的
usual adj.普通的，寻常的
lead to导致
adventure n.冒险
nonetheless adv.尽管如此
make the most of充分利用
with regret 遗憾地
【参考译文】
未选择的路
金黄色林中两条路各奔一方，
可惜我无法兼顾，
身在旅途，我久久伫立，
极目望向一条路的尽头，
它蜿蜒拐进远方的灌木丛；
但我却选了另外一条路，公正公平，
抑或有更佳理由，
它荒草萋萋，诱人涉足；
即便如此，旅人的足迹
让两条路看起来相差无几， 那天清晨落叶满地，
两条路都未经脚印污染。
啊，我留下第一条路改日再探！
明知道路径延绵，
我不确定是否还能回到这里。
也许多年之后在某个地方，
我会回顾往事轻声叹息：
树林中有两条路，而我——
我选择了人迹较少的那一条，
从此，它为我带来了全新的人生轨迹。
《未选择的路》这首诗中的诗句常常在各种演讲中被引用。许多艺术家为这首诗谱了曲，它还被运用于大量的电视广告之中。事实上，它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为其自然的风格，还因为其对人性的深刻洞察。
阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。林间小路往往象征我们人生中的进步和变化。“金黄色林中两条路各奔一方，可惜我无法兼顾”这两句话生动地展现了我们面临的选择以及需要做出的决定。生活每天都会向我们抛出许多选择，不仅包括“我今天应该穿什么”这样的小问题，也包括大学应该学什么专业或者毕业后应该做什么工作这样的重大问题。当然，最大的困境往往源于道德问题，因为我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的。
无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会带来某种结果。在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路，但是他也知道获得这种机会的可能性微乎其微。就像作者一样，我们能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。
这一声叹息，以及我们对是否做出了正确选择的顾虑都是可以理解的。虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，其实很难做选择。比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时，我们可能会思索到底我们是在什么当中选择。如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会，那该怎么办？而我们又甚至能否发现自己是否做出了正确的选择呢？
最后，前方的路，也就是我们的人生之路，其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。当我们快走到尽头时，我们会如何铭记这段旅途？我们会如何回顾自己的一生？在这首诗中，作者质疑了自己的选择，在“多年之后”的未来，他可能会承认自己选择了一条“人迹较少”的路。生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常的道路，虽然路途更加艰难，但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。尽管如此，就做决定的艺术而言，一部分就在于学会充分利用我们的决定。我们应该积极乐观地面对未来，而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们自己。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why has The Road Not Taken become one of the most famous American poems of all time？（ ）
A.Because of its natural style.
B.Because of its rhythm and rhyme.
C.Because of its thoughtful insights into human nature.
D.Both A and C.
2.How can we think of The Road Not Taken from the second paragraph？（ ）
A.The poem is about the scene of countryside.
B.The poem is about the choice we will be faced with.
C.The poem is about the job which we like.
D.The poem is about the study in the college.
3.Why would we sigh after making a decision？（ ）
A.Because we have no way back.
B.Because we know we are wrong.
C.Because we will act like writers.
D.Because we want to make another decision.
4.What is the attitude of the author of this article to the decision？（ ）
A.Regretful. B.Doubtful.
C.Cautious. D.Positive.
第三步：析难句表达升级
1.Whether big or small， what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.
句式分析 句中what引导 从句，that引导 从句。
自主翻译
2.Although we may be free to choose which path to take， this choice isn’t easy when those two paths look similar.
句式分析 句中although引导 从句，when引导 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
cannot help but do sth 不得不做某事，只好做某事
【教材原句】 When reading The Road Not Taken， one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside.
阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。
【用法】
不得不做某事 do nothing but do sth/have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只有做某事 （2）can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事
【佳句】 Much as I was heartbroken， I couldn’t help but look forward to the bright future.尽管我极为悲伤，但我还是忍不住期待着光明的未来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Sometimes we can’t choose but （carry） out the order.
②The instant she heard that she had failed the exam， she couldn’t help （burst） into tears.
【写美】 补全句子
③When our friends turn to us for help， we .
当朋友向我们求助时，我们必须尽力。
alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可选择的
【教材原句】 Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.
生活每天都在向我们抛出许多选择。
【用法】
have the alternative of doing ... 有做……的选择 have no alternative but to do ... 别无选择只好做…… an alternative to ... ……的替代品
【佳句】 It’s a good idea to choose an alternative destination， in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.
选一个别的目的地是一个不错的主意，以防你不能去你的首选旅游景点。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In order to reduce pollution， we must find an alternative fossil fuel that is being used today.
②During high school， students often have the alternative participating in various clubs.
【写美】 同义句转换
③Lacking money，I have no choice but to give up the plan.
→Lacking money，I the plan.
arise （arose， arisen） v.（由……）引起；产生，出现；起床，起身
【教材原句】 Of course，the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
当然，最大的困境往往源于道德问题，因为我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的。
【用法】
（1）arise from＝arise out of由……引起；因……产生 （2）rise （rose，risen） vi. 上升，升起，升高；上涨 （3）raise （raised，raised） vt. 提升；举起；提起；（使）直立，站立；增加，提高（数量、水平等）；筹集，募集 （4）arouse （aroused，aroused） vt. 激起，唤醒；使……奋发
【佳句】 One of the problems arising from the present economic situation is that the price is rising sharply， of course， partly because some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose， which has aroused some objections.
当前经济形势产生的问题之一是价格迅速上涨，当然，部分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格；这种现象已经引起了一片反对之声。
【练透】 语段语法填空
As we all know， the problems between parents and children ① （arise） from lack of communication.Although the standard of living ② （raise）， Tom couldn’t get along well with his mother.His mother ③ （arise） the moment the sun ④ （rise） in the east.She worked hard day and night to support the family.As a result， she was badly ill， which ⑤ （arouse） Tom eventually.
【写美】 补全句子
⑥It of the impact human activities have on the planet.它源于人们越来越意识到人类活动对地球的影响。
circumstance n.情况，情形
【教材原句】 Once we make a decision，in most circumstances，there is no going back.
在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。
【用法】
according to circumstances 视情况而定 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances 决不（置于句首时，句子需要部分倒装）
【佳句】 I can’t imagine a circumstance in which I would be willing to steal.我无法想象我在什么情况下会愿意去偷东西。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① such circumstances， he began to be skeptical about his own judgment.
②Doctor Smith often varies the treatment according circumstances.
【写美】 补全句子
③Under no circumstances
once I set them.
一旦设定了学习目标，我决不会放弃它们。
mixture n.混合；混合体
【教材原句】 Ultimately，the road ahead — the road through our lives — is a mixture of choice and chance.最后，前方的路，也就是我们的人生之路，其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。
【用法】
（1）a mixture of ...and ... ……和……的混合（体） （2）mix v. （使）混合，掺和，融合 mix ...with/and ... 把……与……混合 mix ...up with ... 把……和……搞混了；把……和……结合起来 （3）mixed adj. 混合的；混杂的
【佳句】 Nancy’s first reaction to the news was a mixture of joy and anger.南希对这个消息的第一反应是既高兴又生气。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This creation attracted a lot of attention due to its （mix） of modern and traditional Chinese elements.
②You can mix protein-rich foods a variety of fruits and vegetables.
【写美】 补全句子
③People often his elder brother because they’re so alike.
人们常常把他和他的哥哥搞混了，因为他们长得太像了。
affection n.喜爱，钟爱；慈爱
【教材原句】 For example，the rose could represent love and affection，and the rainbow could symbolise hope.
例如，玫瑰可以代表爱和喜欢，彩虹可以象征希望。
【用法】
（1）have/feel （a great） affection for ... （非常）喜爱…… show sb affection 向某人表示喜爱 with affection 充满爱意地 （2）affect v. 影响；侵袭；使感染；（感情上）深深打动 affecting adj. 深深打动人的；感动人的；激起怜悯的 be affected by 被……打动；被……（疾病）侵袭
【佳句】 To be frank， I have a great affection for the city I am living in.坦率地说，我对我生活的这个城市有着深厚的感情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She envied our family atmosphere where our parents showed us much （affect）.
② （affect） with high fever， he continued with his work.
③All the audience were deeply moved by the （affect） love story.
④Sandstorms also reduce visibility， （affect） airplanes and road transportation.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤His tone showed that he his old friend.
他的语气表明他对老朋友的感情很深。
qualified adj.合格的，胜任的；具备……的资格
【教材原句】 Match the headings to the sections and find out how qualified the applicant is for the job.将标题与各部分匹配，并找出申请人有多适合做这项工作。
【用法】
（1）be qualified to do ...有资格做…… be qualified for ... 胜任…… （2）qualification n. 资格证明；资格；合格；资格（证明）的取得 have the qualification to do sth/for sth 有资格做某事 （3）qualify v. （使）具有资格；（使）合格；证明……合格 qualify sb for sth 使某人胜任某事 qualify sb to do sth 使某人获得做某事的资格；使某人胜任做某事
【佳句】 Unfortunately， his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.
不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻了，不够资格。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The introduction letter shall explain why you believe you are qualified this position.
②Those who have passed the examination are qualified （compete） for a post.
③My ambition is to have （qualify） for teaching maths.
④Only a college diploma doesn’t qualify you （take） up the job.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤The one-month training course provided by our company will .
我们公司提供的一个月的培训课程将使你能胜任更好的工作。
fluency n.熟练，流利
【教材原句】 Fluency in English and French.英语和法语流利。
【用法】
（1）speak ...with fluency 流利地说…… （2）fluent adj. （尤指外语）流利的；（文字等）流畅的 be fluent in ……流利；……熟练 fluent handwriting 优美熟练的笔迹 fluent movements 优美流畅的动作 a fluent speaker 说话流利的人 （3）fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地
【佳句】 Fluency in French is specially required for this job.That’s to say， you must have a good command of oral French.这个工作特别要求法语熟练自如。也就是说，你必须熟练掌握法语口语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Thanks to her （fluent） in English， she was qualified for the position as an interpreter.
②Recite them as （fluent） as possible， as you will play an important part in a romantic story.
【写美】 补全句子
③She studied three foreign languages but only one of them now，for the other two languages were little used in her work.
她学过三种外国语言，但现在只能流利地说其中一种，因为另外两种语言在工作中很少使用。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：There is no doing ...（＝It is impossible to do ...） 不可能做……
【教材原句】 Once we make a decision，in most circumstances， there is no going back.
在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。
【用法】
There is no point （in） doing ... 做……是没有意义的 There is no sense （in） doing ... 做……是不明智的 There is no need to do .../for ... 做……是没必要的 There is no hope of doing ... 做……是没希望的 There is no possibility that ... ……是不可能的 There/It is no use doing ... 做……是没用处的
【品悟】 There is no persuading him to go there for he is so stubborn.
＝It is impossible to persuade him to go there for he is so stubborn.
想劝他去那儿是不可能的，因为他很固执。
【写美】 微写作
①不可否认，在即将到来的学期中关于选择哪门课程是一个至关重要的决定。（告知信）
that it is a critical decision to make as to which subject to choose in the upcoming semester.
②总是拿你和别人比较是没有意义的。（主旨升华句）
you with others all the time.
③如果你不努力学习，取得进步是没有希望的。
if you don’t work hard.
④我们要按时到达那里是不可能的，因为大雪延误了我们的航班。
There was no possibility
， because the snow held up our flight.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.speeches 2.television commercials 3.natural style
4.going back 5.understandable 6.mixture
7.adventures and experiences 8.energy
第二步
1－4 DBAD
第三步
1.主语 表语 无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会带来某种结果。
2.让步状语 时间状语 虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，其实很难做选择。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①carry ②bursting ③can’t help but try our best
2.①to ②of ③have no alternative but to give up
3.①arise ②was raised ③arose ④rises ⑤aroused
⑥arises from/out of the increasing awareness
4.①In/Under ②to ③should I give up my learning goals
5.①mixture ②with/and ③mix him up with
6.①affection ②Affected ③affecting ④affecting
⑤had/felt a deep affection for
7.①for ②to compete ③qualification
④to take ⑤qualify you for a better job
8.①fluency ②fluently ③is fluent in
重点句型解构
①There is no denying ②There is no point in comparing
③There is no hope of making progress
④that we could get there in time
11 / 11(共121张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood，
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler， long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth①；
Then took the other， as just as fair，
And having perhaps the better claim，
Because it was grassy and wanted wear；
Though as for that， the passing there
Had worn them really about the same，
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh， I kept the first for another day！
Yet knowing how way leads on to way，
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence：
Two roads diverged in a wood， and I —
I took the one less traveled by，
And that has made all the difference.
Lines from the poem The Road Not Taken are often quoted② in
speeches of all kinds③.The poem has been set to④ music by a number of
artists and used in numerous⑤television commercials.[1] It has in fact
become one of the most famous American poems of all time⑥， not only
because of its natural style， but also because of its thoughtful⑦ insights
into⑧ human nature.
[1]本句为简单句，not only ...but also ...连接并列的原因
状语。
【读文清障】
①undergrowth n.（长在大树下或周边的）下木层，下层灌木丛
②quote v.引用；引述
③of all kinds各种各样的
④be set to被设为；被改编为……
⑤numerous adj.许多的，很多的
⑥of all time有史以来
⑦thoughtful adj.认真思考的，深思的
⑧insight into对……的深刻理解；洞察力
[2] When reading The Road Not Taken， one cannot help but see in
one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. Paths
in the woods are often used to symbolize⑨ how our lives progress⑩ and
change.The lines “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood，/And sorry I
could not travel both” give us a visual representation of the choices that
we face and the decisions that we need to make.Life throws many
alternatives at us on a daily basis .These range from the basic “What
should I wear today？” to the key issues of what subject to study at
university or what job to do after graduation.Of course， the greatest
dilemmas arise from moral problems， when we are uncertain which
choice results in doing the right thing.
[2]本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，when后省略了“主
语（one）＋系动词（is）”；cannot help but see为“cannot help but
do sth”结构，意为“忍不住做某事”。
⑨symbolize v.象征，代表
symbol n.象征
⑩progress v.进步；改进；进展
diverge v.（两条路）岔开，分开
a visual representation视觉体现
alternative n.可供选择的事物
on a daily basis每天
range from ...to ...
从……到……变化/不同
dilemma n.进退两难的境地，困境
arise v.（由……）引起
arise from产生于，起因于
moral adj.道德的；道义上的
result in导致
[3] Whether big or small， what all our choices have in common is
that they lead to specific consequences .Once we make a decision， in
most circumstances ， there is no going back.Although the writer of the
poem considers taking the other path another day， he knows it’s
unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to do so.[4] Like the
writer， all we can do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine
what could have been.
[3]本句中what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。
whether ...or ...意为“是……还是……；无论……”。
[4]all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形
式时，作表语的不定式可以省略不定式符号to。
have ...in common有相同之处
specific consequence特定的后果
circumstance n.情况，情形
in most circumstances在大多数情况下
consider v.考虑
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
This sigh ， this wondering whether we made the right choice， is
understandable .Although we may be free to choose which path to take，
this choice isn’t easy when those two paths look similar.[5] Presented
with two job offers， for instance， we may wonder exactly what it is
we’re choosing between. What if ， in choosing one， we are
unknowingly turning down other future opportunities？ Will we ever
even find out [6] whether we made the right choice？
[5]本句为复合句。Presented with two job offers为过去分词短语
作时间状语； what it is we’re choosing between作wonder的宾语。
[6]whether引导宾语从句。
sigh n.叹息
understandable adj.可以理解的
understand v.理解；明白
what if ...要是……怎么办？
unknowingly adv.未意识到地；不知不觉地
turn down拒绝
find out发现，找出，查明
Ultimately， the road ahead — the road through our lives — is a
mixture of choice and chance.And when we are approaching the end of
that road， how will we remember the journey？ How will we look back
on our lives？ In the poem， the writer doubts his choice， thinking that
in the future “ages and ages hence”， he may claim that he took the
“less traveled” road.[7] Some of us do take a more unusual path
through life， and while it may be a harder one to follow， it can also lead
to new adventures and experiences.
Nonetheless ， part of the art of decision-making is learning to make the
most of our decisions.Instead of looking back with regret ， we should
be facing our future with energy and optimism， for the choices are ours，
and ours only.
[7]本句为and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，“do＋动词
原形”对谓语动词进行强调；在第二个分句中，while引导让步状
语从句。
mixture n. 混合； 混合体
a mixture of……的混合物/混合体
look back on回顾，回首
claim v.声称
unusual adj.非同寻常的；罕见的；独特的
usual adj.普通的，寻常的
lead to导致
adventure n.冒险
nonetheless adv.尽管如此
make the most of充分利用
with regret 遗憾地
【参考译文】
未选择的路
金黄色林中两条路各奔一方，
可惜我无法兼顾，
身在旅途，我久久伫立，
极目望向一条路的尽头，
它蜿蜒拐进远方的灌木丛；
但我却选了另外一条路，公正公平，
抑或有更佳理由，
它荒草萋萋，诱人涉足；
即便如此，旅人的足迹
让两条路看起来相差无几，
那天清晨落叶满地，
两条路都未经脚印污染。
啊，我留下第一条路改日再探！
明知道路径延绵，
我不确定是否还能回到这里。
也许多年之后在某个地方，
我会回顾往事轻声叹息：
树林中有两条路，而我——
我选择了人迹较少的那一条，
从此，它为我带来了全新的人生轨迹。
《未选择的路》这首诗中的诗句常常在各种演讲中被引用。许多
艺术家为这首诗谱了曲，它还被运用于大量的电视广告之中。事实
上，它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为其自然
的风格，还因为其对人性的深刻洞察。
阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的
树林。林间小路往往象征我们人生中的进步和变化。“金黄色林中两
条路各奔一方，可惜我无法兼顾”这两句话生动地展现了我们面临的
选择以及需要做出的决定。生活每天都会向我们抛出许多选择，不仅
包括“我今天应该穿什么”这样的小问题，也包括大学应该学什么专
业或者毕业后应该做什么工作这样的重大问题。当然，最大的困境往
往源于道德问题，因为我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的。
无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都
会带来某种结果。在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退
路。虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路，但是他也知道获得
这种机会的可能性微乎其微。就像作者一样，我们能做的只有在回首
往事时“轻声叹息”，幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。
这一声叹息，以及我们对是否做出了正确选择的顾虑都是可以理
解的。虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路，但是当两条路看起来大
同小异时，其实很难做选择。比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时，
我们可能会思索到底我们是在什么当中选择。如果我们选择了一份工
作而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会，那该怎么办？而我们又甚
至能否发现自己是否做出了正确的选择呢？
最后，前方的路，也就是我们的人生之路，其实是由选择和机会
交织而成的。当我们快走到尽头时，我们会如何铭记这段旅途？我们
会如何回顾自己的一生？在这首诗中，作者质疑了自己的选择，在
“多年之后”的未来，他可能会承认自己选择了一条“人迹较少”的
路。生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常的道路，虽然路途更加艰难，
但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。尽管如此，就做决定的艺术而言，一部
分就在于学会充分利用我们的决定。我们应该积极乐观地面对未来，
而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我
们自己。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Why has The Road Not Taken become one of the most famous American
poems of all time？（ ）
A. Because of its natural style.
B. Because of its rhythm and rhyme.
C. Because of its thoughtful insights into human nature.
D. Both A and C.
2. How can we think of The Road Not Taken from the second paragraph？
（ ）
A. The poem is about the scene of countryside.
B. The poem is about the choice we will be faced with.
C. The poem is about the job which we like.
D. The poem is about the study in the college.
3. Why would we sigh after making a decision？（ ）
A. Because we have no way back.
B. Because we know we are wrong.
C. Because we will act like writers.
D. Because we want to make another decision.
4. What is the attitude of the author of this article to the decision？
（ ）
A. Regretful. B. Doubtful.
C. Cautious. D. Positive.
第三步：析难句表达升级
1. Whether big or small， what all our choices have in common is that
they lead to specific consequences.
句式分析 句中what引导 从句，that引导 从句。
自主翻译
主语
表语
无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那
就是它们都会带来某种结果。
2. Although we may be free to choose which path to take， this choice
isn’t easy when those two paths look similar.
句式分析 句中although引导 从句，when引导
从句。
自主翻译
让步状语
时间状
语
虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路，但是当两条路
看起来大同小异时，其实很难做选择。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
cannot help but do sth 不得不做某事，只好做某事
【教材原句】 When reading The Road Not Taken， one cannot help
but see in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the
countryside.
阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的
树林。
【用法】
【佳句】 Much as I was heartbroken， I couldn’t help but look
forward to the bright future.
尽管我极为悲伤，但我还是忍不住期待着光明的未来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Sometimes we can’t choose but （carry） out the order.
②The instant she heard that she had failed the exam， she couldn’t
help （burst） into tears.
carry
bursting
【写美】 补全句子
③When our friends turn to us for help， we
.
当朋友向我们求助时，我们必须尽力。
can’t help but try our
best
alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可选择的
【教材原句】 Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.
生活每天都在向我们抛出许多选择。
【用法】
have the alternative of doing ... 有做……的选择
have no alternative but to do ... 别无选择只好做……
an alternative to ... ……的替代品
【佳句】 It’s a good idea to choose an alternative destination， in
case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.选一个别的目的地是一
个不错的主意，以防你不能去你的首选旅游景点。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In order to reduce pollution， we must find an alternative fossil
fuel that is being used today.
②During high school， students often have the alternative
participating in various clubs.
to
of
【写美】 同义句转换
③Lacking money，I have no choice but to give up the plan.
→Lacking money，I the plan.
have no alternative but to give up
arise （arose， arisen） v.（由……）引起；产生，出现；起床，
起身
【教材原句】 Of course，the greatest dilemmas arise from moral
problems，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right
thing.
当然，最大的困境往往源于道德问题，因为我们不确定哪个选择才是
正确的。
（1）arise from＝arise out of 由……引起；因……产生
（2）rise （rose，risen） vi. 上升，升起，升高；上涨
（3）raise （raised，raised） vt.
提升；举起；提起；（使）直立，站立；增加，提高（数量、水平
等）；筹集，募集
（4）arouse （aroused，aroused） vt. 激起，唤醒；使……奋发
【用法】
【佳句】 One of the problems arising from the present economic
situation is that the price is rising sharply， of course， partly because
some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose， which has aroused some
objections.当前经济形势产生的问题之一是价格迅速上涨，当然，部
分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格；这种现象已经引起了一片反对
之声。
【练透】 语段语法填空
As we all know， the problems between parents and children ①
（arise） from lack of communication.Although the standard of living
② （raise）， Tom couldn’t get along well with his
mother.His mother ③ （arise） the moment the sun
④ （rise） in the east.She worked hard day and night to support
the family.As a result， she was badly ill， which ⑤
（arouse） Tom eventually.
arise
was raised
arose
rises
aroused
【写美】 补全句子
⑥It of the impact human
activities have on the planet.
它源于人们越来越意识到人类活动对地球的影响。
arises from/out of the increasing awareness
circumstance n.情况，情形
【教材原句】 Once we make a decision，in most circumstances，
there is no going back.
在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。
【用法】
according to circumstances 视情况而定
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
in/under no circumstances 决不（置于句首时，句子需要部分倒装）
【佳句】 I can’t imagine a circumstance in which I would be willing
to steal.
我无法想象我在什么情况下会愿意去偷东西。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① such circumstances， he began to be skeptical about his
own judgment.
②Doctor Smith often varies the treatment according
circumstances.
In/Under
to
【写美】 补全句子
③Under no circumstances once I
set them.
一旦设定了学习目标，我决不会放弃它们。
should I give up my learning goals
mixture n.混合；混合体
【教材原句】 Ultimately，the road ahead — the road through our
lives — is a mixture of choice and chance.
最后，前方的路，也就是我们的人生之路，其实是由选择和机会交织
而成的。
（1）a mixture of ...and ... ……和……的混合（体）
（2）mix v. （使）混合，掺和，融合
mix ...with/and ... 把……与……混合
mix ...up with ... 把……和……搞混了；把……和……结合起来
（3）mixed adj. 混合的；混杂的
【用法】
【佳句】 Nancy’s first reaction to the news was a mixture of joy and
anger.
南希对这个消息的第一反应是既高兴又生气。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This creation attracted a lot of attention due to its （mix）
of modern and traditional Chinese elements.
②You can mix protein-rich foods a variety of fruits and
vegetables.
mixture
with/and
【写美】 补全句子
③People often his elder brother because they’re so
alike.
人们常常把他和他的哥哥搞混了，因为他们长得太像了。
mix him up with
affection n.喜爱，钟爱；慈爱
【教材原句】 For example，the rose could represent love and
affection，and the rainbow could symbolise hope.
例如，玫瑰可以代表爱和喜欢，彩虹可以象征希望。
【用法】
（1）have/feel （a great） affection for ... （非常）喜爱……
show sb affection 向某人表示喜爱
with affection 充满爱意地
（2）affect v. 影响；侵袭；使感染；（感情上）深深打动
affecting adj. 深深打动人的；感动人的；激起怜悯的
be affected by 被……打动；被……（疾病）侵袭
【佳句】 To be frank， I have a great affection for the city I am living
in.
坦率地说，我对我生活的这个城市有着深厚的感情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She envied our family atmosphere where our parents showed us
much （affect）.
② （affect） with high fever， he continued with his work.
③All the audience were deeply moved by the （affect）
love story.
④Sandstorms also reduce visibility， （affect） airplanes
and road transportation.
affection
Affected
affecting
affecting
【写美】 补全句子
⑤His tone showed that he his old friend.
他的语气表明他对老朋友的感情很深。
had/felt a deep affection for
qualified adj.合格的，胜任的；具备……的资格
【教材原句】 Match the headings to the sections and find out how
qualified the applicant is for the job.
将标题与各部分匹配，并找出申请人有多适合做这项工作。
【用法】
（1）be qualified to do ... 有资格做……
be qualified for ... 胜任……
（2）qualification n. 资格证明；资格；合格；资格（证明）的取得
have the qualification to do sth/for sth 有资格做某事
（3）qualify v. （使）具有资格；（使）合格；证明……合格
qualify sb for sth 使某人胜任某事
qualify sb to do sth 使某人获得做某事的资格；使某人胜任做某事
【佳句】 Unfortunately， his application was turned down because he
was too young and not qualified enough.不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝
了，因为他太年轻了，不够资格。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The introduction letter shall explain why you believe you are
qualified this position.
②Those who have passed the examination are qualified
（compete） for a post.
for
to compete
③My ambition is to have （qualify） for teaching
maths.
④Only a college diploma doesn’t qualify you （take） up
the job.
qualification
to take
【写美】 补全句子
⑤The one-month training course provided by our company will
.
我们公司提供的一个月的培训课程将使你能胜任更好的工作。
qualify
you for a better job
fluency n.熟练，流利
【教材原句】 Fluency in English and French.英语和法语流利。
【用法】
（1）speak ...with fluency 流利地说……
（2）fluent adj. （尤指外语）流利的；（文字等）流畅的
be fluent in ……流利；……熟练
fluent handwriting 优美熟练的笔迹
fluent movements 优美流畅的动作
a fluent speaker 说话流利的人
（3）fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地
【佳句】 Fluency in French is specially required for this job.That’s to
say， you must have a good command of oral French.这个工作特别要求
法语熟练自如。也就是说，你必须熟练掌握法语口语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Thanks to her （fluent） in English， she was qualified for
the position as an interpreter.
②Recite them as （fluent） as possible， as you will play an
important part in a romantic story.
fluency
fluently
【写美】 补全句子
③She studied three foreign languages but only one of
them now，for the other two languages were little used in her work.
她学过三种外国语言，但现在只能流利地说其中一种，因为另外两种
语言在工作中很少使用。
is fluent in
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：There is no doing ...（＝It is impossible to do ...） 不
可能做……
【教材原句】 Once we make a decision，in most circumstances，
there is no going back.
在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。
【用法】
There is no point （in） doing ... 做……是没有意义的
There is no sense （in） doing ... 做……是不明智的
There is no need to do .../for ... 做……是没必要的
There is no hope of doing ... 做……是没希望的
There is no possibility that ... ……是不可能的
There/It is no use doing ... 做……是没用处的
【品悟】 There is no persuading him to go there for he is so stubborn.
＝It is impossible to persuade him to go there for he is so stubborn.
想劝他去那儿是不可能的，因为他很固执。
【写美】 微写作
①不可否认，在即将到来的学期中关于选择哪门课程是一个至关重要
的决定。（告知信）
that it is a critical decision to make as to which
subject to choose in the upcoming semester.
②总是拿你和别人比较是没有意义的。（主旨升华句）
you with others all the time.
③如果你不努力学习，取得进步是没有希望的。
if you don’t work hard.
There is no denying
There is no point in comparing
There is no hope of making progress
④我们要按时到达那里是不可能的，因为大雪延误了我们的航班。
There was no possibility ， because the
snow held up our flight.
that we could get there in time
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for
more （复杂的） works.
2. TV （商业广告） play an important role in
promoting the company’s products among consumers.
3. Under the （情形；情况）， it seemed better not
to tell him about the accident.
complex
commercials
circumstances
4. The gentleman does not want to go to court unless all
other （可供选择的事物） have failed.
5. While I have only listed two of each， there are obviously many other
situations that can （出现）.
6. I’m afraid I can’t go to the party tonight as I’m working the night
s .
7. The road and railway line d at the bottom of the hill.
8. If you have access to stairs， there are n exercises you can
do using just two stairs.
alternatives
arise
hift
iverge
umerous
维度二：词形转换
1. During the Chinese New Year， people in some places will buy
oranges， which （symbol） good fortune.
2. He wept for the loss of his grandmother and only then did he realize her
deep （affect）.
3. If you go to an English corner， try to change the types of activities you
take part in so that you can improve both （fluent） and
accuracy.
symbolize
affection
fluency
4. I （sincere） beg your pardon， if I have hurt or
offended you.I did it quite unintentionally.
5. My first impression of him was that he was a kind and
（thought） correspondent.
6. The employer guarantees that （qualify） and motivated
employees deserve a high salary.
7. Facing the possessions left to him by his father， the man had
a （mix） of emotions.
sincerely
thoughtful
qualified
mixture
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Skipping breakfast often （导致） low energy levels and
poor concentration.
2. We should （充分利用） our teaching facilities
to explore their inner world and rate their academic performance.
3. He will （推迟） the picnic until 1 May， when he will be
free.
4. The film is so remarkable that we
（禁不住爱上它）.
results in
make the most of
put off
cannot help but fall in love with
it
5. （无论好还是坏），what we can do is
move forward.
6. （说出……是不可能的） what he is going to
do.
Whether good or bad
There is no telling
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“I wish I grew up back in your childhood，” my 14-year-old son
said to me.He has an iPhone that is newer than mine.He has many kind
friends.There are many forms of entertainment today and he can find
nearly all of human knowledge through the Internet.However， he wishes
he grew up in the 1970s and 1980s.“Why？” I asked.My son’s
answer involves freedom， risk and over-involvement of adults in kids’
lives.
My son has heard his dad tell stories of summer days at the river with
his friends.They would jump off the wooden bridge into the water
below.My son lives just a few blocks from the same river and the same
bridge.The town hasn’t changed， but times have changed.My son
knows that if he and his friends try to jump off the bridge and swim as his
dad did many times， the most likely outcome （结果） is that some kind
adults will call the police.
At 14， an age at which， in generations past， most boys were
contributing to the wellbeing of their families by working， and my son is
ready， able and willing to put his skills and strength to the test in the real
world.However， he， like so many other American boys and girls， is
prevented by a culture that seems to have raised safety to the highest
regard， without considering how a lack of risk might negatively affect
kids’ development.
Let kids try some risky things — cutting the lawn， using tools and
sharp knives， starting a fire， cooking — under the supervision （监
管） of an adult who tells them safety rules.Allow your kids to gradually
take more responsibility.A kid who helps prepare and cook meals will be
better prepared to cook independently.
Above all， encourage and praise your kids’ determination.Their
desire to deal with challenges and take risks will serve them well in the
years to come.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过描述孩子的愿望，作者认
为孩子应该在成人的监护下适当从事一些冒险的事情，家长不应该
一味地保护孩子。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过描述孩子的愿望，作者认
为孩子应该在成人的监护下适当从事一些冒险的事情，家长不应该
一味地保护孩子。
1. Why does the author mention her son？（ ）
A. To praise her son for his creativity.
B. To encourage kids to live a simple life.
C. To introduce the topic of kids’ lacking chances to risk.
D. To show kids’ love for their parents’ childhood life.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段首句和末句可知，作者儿子希
望回到作者那时候的童年。这说明孩子羡慕作者那时的童年，而在
问到为什么时，作者儿子的回答中涉及“自由、冒险以及成年人的
过度干预”；再结合下文中作者论述的关于成年人如何培养孩子的
问题可推断，作者提到她的儿子是为了引出本文的话题：孩子缺乏
冒险机会。
2. If trying to jump into the river， the author’s son will probably
be .（ ）
A. warned of danger
B. stopped by the police
C. praised for his courage
D. punished seriously by his parents
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，作者儿子知道，如
果跳下河去游泳的话，好心的成年人会报警，也就是说，警察会来
阻止作者儿子随意跳下河去游泳。
3. What does the author advise parents to do？（ ）
A. Try risky things before their kids.
B. Help their kids complete risky things.
C. Let their kids know the safety rules first.
D. Supervise their kids when they are doing risky things.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，作者建议，在有家
长监管的情况下，让孩子去尝试一些有风险的事情，也就是说，在
孩子做危险的事情时监督他们。
4. What might be the best title for this passage？（ ）
A. Let Your Kids Take a Risk！
B. Improve Your Kids’ Determination！
C. Don’t Be Afraid When Facing Challenges！
D. Share Your Childhood Life with Your Kids！
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者认为
孩子应该在家长的监督下进行一些适当的冒险事情。
B
Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist.His
unique writing style greatly influenced 20th-century fiction， as did his life
of adventure and public image.He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in
1954.Many of his works are classics of American literature.He published
seven novels， six short story collections， and two non-fiction works
during his lifetime； a further three novels， four collections of short
stories， and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.
Hemingway was born and raised in Oak Park， Illinois.After leaving
high school， he worked for a few months as a reporter for The Kansas
City Star， before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance
driver during World War Ⅰ， which became the basis for his novel A
Farewell to Arms.
In 1922 Hemingway married Hadley Richardson， the first of his four
wives， and the couple moved to Paris， where he worked as a foreign
correspondent.During his time there he met and was influenced by
modernist writers and artists of the 1920s expatriate （侨居海外的）
community known as the “Lost Generation”.His novel， The Sun Also
Rises， was published in 1926.
After divorcing Hadley Richardson in 1927， Hemingway married
Pauline Pfeiffer； they divorced following Hemingway’s return from
covering the Spanish Civil War， after which he wrote For Whom the Bell
Tolls.Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940， but he left her for
Mary Welsh after World War Ⅱ.
Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952，
Hemingway went on safari to Africa， where he was almost killed in a
plane crash that left him in pain or ill-health for much of the rest of his life.
Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West， Florida， and
Cuba during the 1930s and 1940s， but in 1959 he moved from Cuba to
Ketchum， Idaho， where he died in the summer of 1961.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作家海明威，他一生中
写了很多名著，他的冒险生活和公共形象也对后代有很大影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作家海明威，他一生中
写了很多名著，他的冒险生活和公共形象也对后代有很大影响。
5. What does Hemingway’s unique writing style have the most influence
on？（ ）
A. His life of adventure.
B. His public image.
C. 20th-century fiction.
D. American lifestyle.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的His unique writing style
greatly influenced 20th-century fiction可知，海明威独特的写作风格
对20世纪的小说影响最大。
6. What does the underlined word “posthumously” in the first paragraph
mean？（ ）
A. During one’s life. B. After one’s death.
C. During one’s absence. D. At one’s presence.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词与上文中的during
his lifetime作对比，因此posthumously意为“在某人去世后”。
7. What is the setting of the novel A Farewell to Arms？（ ）
A. It is set in Oak Park， Illinois.
B. It is set in his high school.
C. It is set in The Kansas City Star.
D. It is set in the Italian front.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的before leaving for the
Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War Ⅰ，
which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms可知，小说A
Farewell to Arms以意大利前线为背景。
8. How are Hemingway’s novels introduced to readers in the text？
（ ）
A. By popularity. B. By time.
C. By importance. D. By subject.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段和下文的in 1922、 in 1926、 in
1927、 in 1940、 in 1952、 in 1959和in the summer of 1961可知，本
文是按照时间顺序把海明威的小说介绍给读者的。
C
Most of us set a goal with energy and motivation.If it is achieved，
we will feel we are on cloud nine.But in most cases， we can’t reach our
goals easily.Why do we often fail to hit the target？ The answer lies in the
disconnection between our brains’ evaluation of rewards and the “get it
done” realities that influence our behavior.
Our brains are reward-driven organs charged by neurotransmitters
（神经递质） that fuel our drives and desires， and it’s easy for us to
get carried away in this chemical tsunami.So， when we set up a goal，
our focus is on the reward.We picture getting the reward， and how
we’ll feel when we make it， which pushes us into action.But once we
begin， we come face to face with what’s really required to reach the
goal and our focus shifts from reward to effort.
In other words， a focus on rewards fuels the pursuit， but a focus on
effort takes over when the work starts.For example， getting up early to
exercise for a new healthy lifestyle might seem like a good choice， but
once your alarm goes off on a cold January morning， the rewards aren’t
enough to get you up and out of bed.When we face the reality of our
choices， we realize the effort is too much and give up.
In fairness， though， we don’t always have the best sense of how
much effort something will require， especially if it’s a goal we haven’t
pursued before.Getting better at setting goals has much to do with figuring
this out and not letting ourselves forget the lesson.
Next time， begin our goal pursuits with as much realistic
acknowledgment of the effort required as possible.Then， once we
begin， refocus back to the reward and continue the efforts.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们确立目标的过
程及放弃的原因，并提出了建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们确立目标的过
程及放弃的原因，并提出了建议。
9. What does the underlined phrase “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 1
mean？（ ）
A. Scared. B. Overjoyed.
C. Restless. D. Weary.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据文章首句和画线词所在句可知，如果
我们设立的目标实现了，我们就会感到很开心。由此推测，画线词
与overjoyed意思相近。
10. What may account for one’s unachieved goal？（ ）
A. Aiming high， working less.
B. Speaking more， doing less.
C. More efforts， less speed.
D. More pains， more gains.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和最后一句可知，人
们可能因为丰厚的回报而确立较高的目标，但当为此付出行动
时，却发现要想实现这个目标需要付出很多努力，这时，如果努
力不够，目标可能就无法实现。
11. What do people often fail to recognize in setting goals？（ ）
A. Duration. B. Effort.
C. Cost. D. Reward.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句及倒数第二段第一句
可知，人们确立目标时，会关注到如果成功则会带来回报，而不
会意识到需要付出多少努力。
12. What’s the author’s advice to us？（ ）
A. Refocus back to the goal.
B. Achieve your goal step by step.
C. Accept failure and learn from the past.
D. Set practical goals and work consistently.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者建议人们
设定切实可行的目标，并为之持续努力。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
New Year’s resolutions （决心） usually are like some of those
promises that are meant to be broken.The word “New” in the new
year， puts a lot of pressure on starting over and turning a new leaf.But
you must remember you cannot just become a different person overnight
when the clock strikes 12.13.（ ）.Instead of making resolutions that
cause you stress， anxiety or more pain， set out this year by.Making
resolutions that will encourage self-care.
To start fresh this New Year’s Day， here are a few tips setting
realistic new years’ resolutions in order to avoid the burden of
disappointment next year.
Choose a very specific goal
Unclear plans like “lose weight” “exercise more” or “write
more” are goals with no teeth.
They are unclear plans and desires， and are very easy to explain
away due to how unclear they are.14.（ ）.Such goals with a certain
task， are much more doable than unclear goals.
15. （ ）
Once you have chosen your goals， make a very detailed plan of how
you will reach that goal.Having a plan and a pathway can help you
imagine your progress and won’t make you impatient for immediate
results.That way you will have already imagined what progress would look
like for you in say， 3 months， 5 months， 7 months or every day
depending on your goals.
Get yourself a social group
In today’s social media world， it is easy to find a group of like-
minded individuals interested in sharing your goal.Get yourself a social
group like this.However， just as there is this bright side to having a social
group， the problem is the pressure.Don’t get consumed by social media
and what others are doing.16.（ ）.
Accept failure and forgive yourself
17. （ ）.Accept this failure， own it and forgive
yourself.Being hard on yourself will only do you more harm， so instead
learn from what went wrong and instead of quitting the resolution at the
end of next year， see it through until you reach your goal.
A. Make a plan to reach that goal
B. Be patient with your progress
C. Instead， set goals like “exercise 20 minutes every day” or “lose 15
pounds”
D. Despite all your efforts， it is possible that you might fail or make a
mistake
E. Therefore， new year’s resolutions usually end up in failure
F. Change is a difficult process — the key words being “difficult” and
“process”
G. Remember you have this group only for support， not for comparison
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何制订并有效完
成新年计划。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何制订并有效完
成新年计划。
13. F 根据空前一句可知，改变不是瞬间就可以实现的，所填句应与
此衔接，表示改变会是一个缓慢或艰难的过程。F项（改变是一个艰
难的过程，关键词是“困难”和“过程”）符合语境。
14. C 根据本段小标题以及设空前后句可知，空处表示要设定具体
的目标，与前句形成对比，与后句形成呼应。C项（相反，设定像
“每天锻炼20分钟”或“减掉15磅”这样的目标）承上启下。
15. A 设空处为本段小标题。根据段中make a very detailed plan及
Having a plan and ...for immediate results.可知，本段建议大家制订一
个相应的计划以达到目标。A项概括了该段内容。
16. G 空前两句指出，加入社交群体有正反两方面，并提出建议：
“不要沉迷于社交群体和别人在做什么。”由此推断，所填句会解释
提出此建议的缘由，即“加入社交群体的目的是要获得支持或帮助，
而不是比较”。G项承接上文内容。
17. D 根据段落小标题可知，本段主要讲述实现新年计划的过程会
困难重重，虽然你会很努力，但失败是不可避免的，你也会因此而犯
错。D项（尽管你尽了全力，还是有可能失败或犯错误）符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你市将在12月3日“国际残疾人日”举行活动，
目前正在招募志愿者，请你用英语写一封申请信，内容包括：
1. 提出申请；
2. 你的优势。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：国际残疾人日International Day of Disabled Persons
Dear Sir or Madam，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m Li Hua， a middle school student.Knowing that an activity
will be held on the International Day of Disabled Persons， I apply to
be a volunteer.
Firstly， I have a good command of English， which can make me
communicate with foreigners well.Secondly， I’m outgoing， and I
like dealing with others.Thirdly， I have done a lot of volunteer work
during my free time， so I have much experience.
I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance.I’m looking
forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
谢谢观看！
