Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
stick to， as soon as possible， cooperate with， put all one’s efforts into， graduate from， lose weight
1.We market research and took a series of measures to increase product sales.
2.I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life .
3.Many young people worry that once they university， they will join the ranks of the unemployed.
4.Your behaviour is in direct contradiction to the principles you claim to .
5.The only way to permanently is to completely change your attitudes.
6.Participating in them enables us to learn to fellow students.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.Body language in our daily life.
肢体语言在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。
2.A speech contest called “live in harmony with nature” which can accommodate 2，000 people.
一场名为“与大自然和谐相处”的演讲比赛在一个可容纳2，000人的大厅举行。
3.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house .
他们现在暂时和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在被重建。
4.She didn’t give in when she such cyber-violence.
当她面对那样的网络暴力时，她没有屈服。
5.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the development of the local economy.
很快，四川将会建更多高速公路来促进当地经济的发展。
6.Many of his books into other languages so far.
到目前为止，他的许多著作已经被翻译成其他语言。
7.Chemistry a most challenging subject.
化学被认为是最具挑战性的学科之一。
8.By the end of last year， restaurants， clothing stores and book stores from providing free plastic shopping bags.
截至去年年底，餐馆、服装店和书店已被禁止免费提供塑料购物袋。
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Have you ever heard of Jules Verne？ Actually， he 1. （consider） to be an important author in France and most of European countries.Jules Verne was interested in science and literature from an early age.In 1847， Jules Verne 2. （send） by his family to study law at a university in Paris， but he preferred to write novels， poems and plays， especially adventure stories.His first adventure novel， Five Weeks in a Balloon， 3. （publish） in 1863 and won popularity immediately.Actually， his writing career lasted for more than 40 years.Up to now， his books 4. （translate） into hundreds of languages， making him the second most-translated author in the world.His creations 5. （recognise） as an inspiration for many scientists and inventors for many years.Although Jules Verne passed away in 1905， he 6. （remember） forever by the readers.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
One day， a young man went to Dr Conwell and told him he wanted a college education but couldn’t afford it.Dr Conwell decided， at that moment， what his aim in life was， besides being a man of the cloth.He decided to build a university for unfortunate， but deserving， students.He did have a challenge， however.He would need a few million dollars to build the university.For Dr Conwell， and anyone with real purpose in life， nothing could stand in the way of his goal.
Several years before this incident， Dr Conwell was attracted by a true story with its ageless moral.The story was about a farmer who lived in Africa and through a visitor became excited about looking for diamonds.Diamonds were already discovered in abundance on the African continent and this farmer got so excited about the idea of millions of dollars’ worth of diamonds that he sold his farm to head for the diamond mine.He wandered all over the continent， constantly searching for diamonds， wealth， which he never found.Eventually he went completely broke and threw himself into a river and died.
Meanwhile， the new owner of his farm picked up an unusual-looking rock about the size of an egg and put it on his mantle （斗篷） as a sort of curiosity.A visitor stopped by.He told the new owner that the funny-looking rock was about the biggest diamond that had ever been found.The new owner shouted， “God， the whole farm is covered with them.”
The farm turned out to be the Kimberly Diamond Mine， the richest the world has ever known.The original farmer was literally standing on “Acres of Diamonds” until he sold his farm.
Dr Conwell learned from the story of the farmer and continued to teach its moral.Opportunity does not just come along； it is there all the time — we just have to see it.Dr Conwell told the story over and over again on many occasions for raising money to start the college for poor students.In fact， he raised nearly six million dollars and the university he founded， Temple University in Philadelphia， has at least ten degree-granting colleges and six other schools.
1.What caused Dr Conwell to build a university？（ ）
A.His wife’s suggestion.
B.A young man’s requirement.
C.A millionaire’s donation.
D.His education experience.
2.Why did the farmer give up his farm？（ ）
A.Because he wanted to wander around the world.
B.Because he planned to build a university.
C.Because he threw himself into a river.
D.Because he meant to seek his fortune.
3.In which condition did the new owner find the Kimberly Diamond Mine？（ ）
A.He exchanged his rock for eggs.
B.He sold his mantles to visitors.
C.He decorated his mantle by a rock.
D.He sorted out the whole farm.
4.Which of the following best describes Dr Conwell？（ ）
A.Adaptable. B.Considerate.
C.Disciplined. D.Purposeful.
B
When it comes to entrepreneurship （企业家）， it seems like a lot of us are fond of the idea of NOT getting more education.Sure， we’ve all heard how Bill Gates and Steve Jobs dropped out of college to found Microsoft and Apple， respectively.A lot of would-be solopreneurs （独立创业者） think this means they should take the same course， putting education by the wayside to chase their business goals.
Now， I’m not saying that you need a college degree to be a successful entrepreneur.But all too often， people take these famous examples a step too far and decide they don’t need to further their education in any way.
The thing is， college isn’t the only place you can get an education.Bill Gates and Steve Jobs learned a lot outside their classroom settings to turn their companies into the global successes they are today.When it comes to entrepreneurship， the most successful people are generally the ones who develop a lifelong love of learning.It’s a feature worth imitating.
When we think of “exercise”， most of us think of sweaty people at the gym running on treadmills and lifting weights.We don’t think of hitting the books.But the brain is actually a muscle too.And just like you need those physical workouts so you don’t start getting saggy （松弛的） around the middle， you need to give your brain regular “workouts” that keep it active and healthy.
Contrary to popular belief， your brain doesn’t stop growing after adolescence.One recent study found that the brain continues to produce new neurons associated with learning， emotion and memory throughout adulthood.Of course， the outcomes of this ongoing development depend in part on your own efforts.
If you’re not feeling motivated to work out your brain， it might be helpful to consider the costs of not continuing to learn.Quite simply， the problems you have now — whether in business or
other areas of your life — are going to continue to exist if you don’t find new ways to approach them.The things you learn will help you discover new solutions and think more creatively.When done right， training your brain can become a lifelong habit — just like going for a morning run or hitting the gym at the end of the work day.
5.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？（ ）
A.It is no use obtaining college degree.
B.It is not necessary to further our education.
C.It is more important to chase business goals.
D.It is vital to view these successful examples sensibly.
6.What does the underlined phrase “hitting the books” in Paragraph 4 mean？（ ）
A.Getting rid of the books.
B.Diving into the books.
C.Purchasing the books.
D.Referring to the books.
7.What can we know about the brain from this passage？（ ）
A.The brain can be active by continuous learning.
B.The brain can produce new neurons all the life.
C.Working out the brain can solve all the problems.
D.Working out the brain will cost you a lot.
8.What is the main idea of the passage？（ ）
A.The brain is of significance to our health.
B.Keeping reading books is highly recommended.
C.Nonstop learning should be a lifelong habit.
D.It is important to develop a passion for learning.
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I began planning to move to Auckland to study，my mother was worried about a lack of jobs and cultural differences.Ignoring these 9 ，I got there in July 2010. 10 I arrived，I realised the importance of getting a job for my living experience.Determined to do this 11 ，I spent several weeks going door-to-door for a job，but found 12 response.
One afternoon，I walked into a building to ask 13 there were any job opportunities.The people there advised me not to continue my job search in that 14 .As I was about to 15 ，a man who had been listening approached me and asked me to wait outside for a while.Nearly ten minutes later，he 16 .He asked me about my plans and encouraged me to stay 17 .Then he offered to take me to Royal Oak to 18 a job.
I was a little surprised，but had a good feeling about him.Along the way，I realised that I had 19 resumes.Seeing this，the man 20 at his business partner’s office to make me fifteen 21 copies.He also gave me some suggestions on dressing and speaking.I handed out my resume and went home feeling very 22 .The following day，I received a call from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job.
It seems that the world always 23 to you when you need it.And this time，it was a complete stranger who turned out to be a real blessing.
9.（ ）A.doubts B.reasons
C.instructions D.concerns
10.（ ）A.Even if B.Every time
C.Soon after D.Now that
11.（ ）A.on my way B.on my own
C.by any chance D.by the day
12.（ ）A.any B.much
C.little D.some
13.（ ）A.whether B.wherever
C.why D.whenever
14.（ ）A.direction B.manner
C.language D.attitude
15.（ ）A.answer B.work
C.refuse D.leave
16.（ ）A.passed B.hesitated
C.returned D.regretted
17.（ ）A.positive B.busy
C.silent D.comfortable
18.（ ）A.pick out B.give up
C.take on D.search for
19.（ ）A.made use of B.run out of
C.taken care of D.become tired of
20.（ ）A.appeared B.knocked
C.glanced D.stopped
21.（ ）A.more B.right
C.former D.different
22.（ ）A.lonely B.satisfied
C.disappointed D.funny
23.（ ）A.turns off B.goes over
C.gives back D.looks up
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Chinese couplet （对联） refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules， often written on red paper for 24. （appreciate）.
As a form of Chinese literature， the couplet 25. （vary） in content and style.Some express people’s love to their motherland， some describe the beauty of nature， 26. some convey best wishes for the coming year.
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties， and 27. （become） ubiquitous （无处不在的） in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It was the custom for people 28. （hang） peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival.Nowadays， couplets are used 29. a similar way.
It was said that the 30. （early） couplet was written by Meng Chang， king of Later Shu and it was 31. （extreme） popular in the Northern Song Dynasty.Since the Ming Dynasty， to write couplets 32. （regard） as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
The couplet has two equal-length lines.However， 33. number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more.The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns.The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone （仄声）， and its opposite in the second line， is of a level tone （平声）.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.put all our efforts into 2.as soon as possible 3.graduate from 4.stick to 5.lose weight 6.cooperate with
维度二
1.is widely used
2.was held in a hall
3.is being rebuilt
4.was faced with
5.will be built
6.have been translated
7.is known as
8.had been prohibited
维度三
1.is considered 2.was sent 3.was published 4.have been translated 5.have been recognised 6.will be remembered
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了康韦尔博士受到启发，通过演讲自己钟爱的故事筹集了大量的资金为贫困年轻人创建了一所大学的故事。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的a young man went to Dr Conwell and told him he wanted a college education but couldn’t afford it和He decided to build a university for unfortunate， but deserving， students.可知，康韦尔博士是在得知一个贫困年轻人想上大学但是付不起学费之后萌发了建立一所大学的想法。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的became excited about looking for diamonds和he sold his farm to head for the diamond mine以及searching for diamonds， wealth可知，这位农场主想通过寻找钻石发财，于是卖掉了自己的农场。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，农场新主人出于好奇将一块不寻常的石头装饰在他的斗篷上，然后被一位路人发现它大概是世界上最大的钻石，因此这位农场新主人发现了金伯利钻石矿。
4.D 推理判断题。本文主要讲述了康韦尔博士为了筹集大量的资金创建一所大学而反复在演讲中提及自己钟爱的故事。文章在开头和结尾提到康韦尔博士是一个发现了机会就坚持不懈将其成功实现的人，即康韦尔博士是一个目标明确的人。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了最成功的人永不停止学习的原因。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推知，理智地看待这些成功的例子更加重要。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句以及画线词所在句下文But the brain is actually a muscle too.可知，提起锻炼身体，人们都会想到在健身房跑步机上挥汗的人们。我们不会想到埋头读书。但是，事实上大脑也是一块肌肉。由此推测，画线词意为“埋头读书”。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，大脑可以通过持续的学习保持活跃。
8.C 主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一句可知，文章主要说明了大学并不是你唯一能接受教育的地方，最成功的人通常是那些终身热爱学习的人，建议我们把学习看作一种终生的习惯。由此推断，文章的主旨是不间断的学习应该成为一种终生的习惯。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者独自一人去奥克兰求学，需要一份工作充实自己的生活经历。 他在一位陌生人的帮助下最终获得了一份工作。作者以此向我们说明一个生活真谛：世界总是在你需要的时候回报你。
9.D 根据上文可知，此处是指“我”忽略了母亲的这些担忧。
10.C 此处是指“我”刚到不久，就意识到找工作对于“我”的生活经历的重要性，所以马上开始找工作。
11.B 根据下文I spent several weeks going door-to-door for a job可知，此处是指“我”决定靠自己找工作。
12.C 根据转折词but可知，“我”几乎没有得到什么回应。
13.A 此处是指“我”走进大楼找工作，所以是询问是否有工作机会。
14.B 根据上文可知，“我”用挨家挨户询问的方式找工作没有得到什么回应，所以那里的人建议“我”不要用那种方式继续找工作。
15.D 根据上文The people there advised me not to continue my job search in that 14 .和下文asked me to wait outside for a while可知，此处表示此时“我”听了旁人的建议打算离开。
16.C 这个人要求“我”等他一会儿，所以此处是指大约十分钟后，他回来了。
17.A 根据encouraged me可知，此处是指他鼓励“我”保持乐观。
18.D 此处是指他提出带“我”去皇家橡树找工作。
19.B 根据下文他帮“我”复印简历可知，此处是指“我”的简历已经用完了。
20.D 根据上文Along the way可知，“我”和他在去找工作的路上，所以此处是指在他的生意伙伴的办公室停下来。
21.A 根据上文可知，此处是指又复印了15份（简历）。fifteen more意为“再来15个”。
22.B 根据上文可知，这个人不光鼓励“我”，帮“我”复印简历，还给了“我”很多有用的建议，所以“我”感到很满足。
23.C 根据下文And this time，it was a complete stranger who turned out to be a real blessing.可知，此处是指世界似乎总是在你需要的时候给你回报。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国对联的寓意、目的以及起源等。
24.appreciation 考查词形转换。根据空前的for可知，该空应用名词作for的宾语；再结合句意可知，此处表示“欣赏”，是不可数名词。故填appreciation。
25.varies 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语the couplet表示第三人称单数概念，且与vary之间是主动关系。故填varies。
26.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用并列连词连接三个句子。故填and。
27.became 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the Ming and Qing Dynasties可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填became。
28.to hang 考查非谓语动词。It is/was the custom （for sb） to do sth，意为“根据传统……”，该句型中It作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语。故填to hang。
29.in 考查介词。in a similar way意为“用类似的方式”。故填in。
30.earliest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的the和语境可知，此处表示据说最早的对联是后蜀皇帝孟昶所写，所以该空应用形容词early的最高级。故填earliest。
31.extremely 考查词形转换。修饰形容词popular应用副词。故填extremely。
32.has been regarded 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since the Ming Dynasty可知，该空应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在；主语to write couplets为非谓语动词短语，且与regard之间为被动关系，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been regarded。
33.the 考查定冠词。the number of为固定短语，表示“……的数量”。故填the。
5 / 5Section Ⅱ Using language
复习：被动语态
①On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness，Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.
②Indeed，it was a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with joy and hope.
③Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world！
④A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book！
【我的发现】
1.句①中的黑体部分为 。
2.句②中的黑体部分为 。
3.句③中的黑体部分为 。
4.句④中的黑体部分为 。
一、各种时态被动语态的构成
被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are＋done
一般将来时 will＋do will＋be＋done
一般过去时 did was/were＋done
现在进行时 am/is/are＋doing am/is/are＋being＋done
过去进行时 was/were＋doing was/were＋being＋done
现在完成时 have/has＋done have/has＋been＋done
过去完成时 had＋done had＋been＋done
将来完成时 will/shall＋have＋done will/shall＋have＋been＋done
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
我们每天都打扫教室。（一般现在时的被动语态）
The school sports meeting will be held next week.
校运动会将在下星期举行。（一般将来时的被动语态）
The letter was typed on the computer.
这封信是用电脑打出来的。（一般过去时的被动语态）
The road is being repaired by construction workers.
建筑工人正在修路。（现在进行时的被动语态）
The room was being painted when I left.
我离开时，房间正在被粉刷。（过去进行时的被动语态）
So far my thesis has been completed.
到目前为止我的论文已经写好了。（现在完成时的被动语态）
The room had been broken into before we came.
我们来之前已经有人强行闯入这个房间了。（过去完成时的被动语态）
The design will have been done by the end of this week.
这个设计将在本周末做完。（将来完成时的被动语态）
二、被动语态的特殊形式
1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来防止水受到污染。
2.“get＋过去分词”式被动语态。
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式常用来强调结果。
The boy got hurt when he was riding to school.
那个男孩子骑车去上学时受伤了。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①The restaurant was here until five years ago， and it （tear） down then.
②They （limit） to a certain number to be brought in from other countries.
③Listen！The information on road situation ahead （broadcast） on the traffic radio.
④The performance （begin） for a few minutes when he arrived at the theater.
⑤They hope more clothes （donate） to that area in the month to come.
三、主动形式表示被动意义
1.lock，open，shut，move，read，sell，wash，write等动词和well，badly，easily等副词连用表示主语的内在品质或性能时是不及物动词，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The door doesn’t open easily.
这扇门不容易打开。
The new product sells well.
这个新产品很畅销。
2.动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，turn，fall，grow，keep，go，stay作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点，此时用主动形式表示被动意义。
The soup smells good but tastes terrible.
这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。
3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，open，stop，move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The shop opens at 8：00 in the morning every day.
这家商店每天上午八点开始营业。
4.need，want，require等动词以及be worth后面，常跟动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义。
My watch doesn’t work； it needs repairing（＝needs to be repaired）.
我的手表坏了，需要修理。
This dictionary is well worth buying.
这本词典非常值得购买。
5.在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，heavy等。
What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
很难预测将来的生活是怎样的。
6.be to blame或be to let也是主动形式表示被动意义。
He is to blame for the broken window.
他应该为打破的窗户受到责备。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①The pen .
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
②The old carefully.
老年人需要细心照料。
③If you can follow these tips， your bad habits .
如果你能遵循这些建议，你的坏习惯就很容易改掉。
④Poor communication is at least partly .
沟通不畅至少是部分原因。
四、使用被动语态应注意的问题
1.不及物动词及其短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out（用完，耗尽）等。
My money has run out.Can you lend me some？
我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？
2.在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须带to。
I often hear her sing English songs.
→She is often heard to sing English songs by me.
我经常听见她唱英语歌。
3.带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不能省略。
She often looks after the old man.
→The old man is often looked after by her.
她经常照顾这位老人。
4.含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前加介词to或for。
Her mother bought her a computer.
→She was bought a computer by her mother.
→A computer was bought for her by her mother.
她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。
名师点津
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。一般来说，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态，不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态。
【即时演练3】 把下列主动句变为被动句/补全句子
①He showed me a ticket.
→ （变直接宾语为主语）
→ （变间接宾语为主语）
②He made the farmers work for a long time.
→The farmers for a long time （by him）.
③Great changes in my hometown in the past ten years.
最近十年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
cooperate v.合作，协作
【教材原句】 ...it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else
……如果你和别人合作，就更容易取得成就
【用法】
（1）cooperate with ... 与……协作/合作 cooperate to do ... 合作共同做…… （2）cooperation n. 合作 in cooperation with ... 与……合作 （3）cooperative adj. 合作的；同心协力的
【佳句】 If you want to cooperate with them， you have to make compromises in terms of salary.如果你想与他们合作，就必须在薪水方面作出一些妥协。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①If you act up to your promise， we are going on cooperating you.
【写美】 补全句子
②It was reported that the fair had been organized local businesses.
据报道这个商品交易会是与当地企业联合举办的。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.现在进行时的被动语态 2.一般现在时的被动语态
3.过去完成时的被动语态 4.一般将来时的被动语态
即时演练1
①was torn ②are limited ③is being broadcast
④had begun ⑤will be donated
即时演练2
①writes very well ②require looking after/to be looked after ③will be easy to break ④to blame
即时演练3
①A ticket was shown to me by him.； I was shown a ticket by him. ②were made to work ③have taken place
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①with ②in cooperation with
5 / 5(共79张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：被动语态
①On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness，
Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.
②Indeed，it was a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with joy
and hope.
③Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long
sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world！
④A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book！
1. 句①中的黑体部分为 。
2. 句②中的黑体部分为 。
3. 句③中的黑体部分为 。
4. 句④中的黑体部分为 。
现在进行时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态
一般将来时的被动语态
【我的发现】
一、各种时态被动语态的构成
被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各
种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are＋done
一般将来时 will＋do will＋be＋done
一般过去时 did was/were＋done
现在进行时 am/is/are＋doing am/is/are＋being＋done
过去进行时 was/were＋doing was/were＋being＋done
现在完成时 have/has＋done have/has＋been＋done
过去完成时 had＋done had＋been＋done
将来完成时 will/shall＋have＋done will/shall＋have＋been＋
done
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
我们每天都打扫教室。（一般现在时的被动语态）
The school sports meeting will be held next week.
校运动会将在下星期举行。（一般将来时的被动语态）
The letter was typed on the computer.
这封信是用电脑打出来的。（一般过去时的被动语态）
The road is being repaired by construction workers.
建筑工人正在修路。（现在进行时的被动语态）
The room was being painted when I left.
我离开时，房间正在被粉刷。（过去进行时的被动语态）
So far my thesis has been completed.
到目前为止我的论文已经写好了。（现在完成时的被动语态）
The room had been broken into before we came.
我们来之前已经有人强行闯入这个房间了。（过去完成时的被动
语态）
The design will have been done by the end of this week.
这个设计将在本周末做完。（将来完成时的被动语态）
二、被动语态的特殊形式
1. 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来防止水受到污染。
2. “get＋过去分词”式被动语态。
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语
态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式常用来强
调结果。
The boy got hurt when he was riding to school.
那个男孩子骑车去上学时受伤了。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①The restaurant was here until five years ago， and it
（tear） down then.
②They （limit） to a certain number to be brought in
from other countries.
③Listen！The information on road situation ahead
（broadcast） on the traffic radio.
④The performance （begin） for a few minutes when he
arrived at the theater.
⑤They hope more clothes （donate） to that area in
the month to come.
was torn
are limited
is being broadcast
had begun
will be donated
三、主动形式表示被动意义
1. lock，open，shut，move，read，sell，wash，write等动词和well，
badly，easily等副词连用表示主语的内在品质或性能时是不及物动
词，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The door doesn’t open easily.
这扇门不容易打开。
The new product sells well.
这个新产品很畅销。
2. 动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，turn，fall，grow，
keep，go，stay作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语
的特点，此时用主动形式表示被动意义。
The soup smells good but tastes terrible.
这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。
3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，open，stop，
move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The shop opens at 8：00 in the morning every day.
这家商店每天上午八点开始营业。
4. need，want，require等动词以及be worth后面，常跟动词-ing的主动
形式表示被动意义。
My watch doesn’t work； it needs repairing（＝needs to be
repaired）.
我的手表坏了，需要修理。
This dictionary is well worth buying.
这本词典非常值得购买。
5. 在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不
定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，动词
不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy，
hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，heavy等。
What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
很难预测将来的生活是怎样的。
6. be to blame或be to let也是主动形式表示被动意义。
He is to blame for the broken window.
他应该为打破的窗户受到责备。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①The pen .
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
②The old carefully.
老年人需要细心照料。
③If you can follow these tips， your bad habits .
如果你能遵循这些建议，你的坏习惯就很容易改掉。
④Poor communication is at least partly .
沟通不畅至少是部分原因。
writes very well
require looking after/to be looked after
will be easy to break
to blame
四、使用被动语态应注意的问题
1. 不及物动词及其短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有rise，appear，
disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out
（用完，耗尽）等。
My money has run out.Can you lend me some？
我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？
2. 在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的动词不定式作
宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须带to。
I often hear her sing English songs.
→She is often heard to sing English songs by me.
我经常听见她唱英语歌。
3. 带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不
能省略。
She often looks after the old man.
→The old man is often looked after by her.
她经常照顾这位老人。
4. 含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接
宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间
接宾语前加介词to或for。
Her mother bought her a computer.
→She was bought a computer by her mother.
→A computer was bought for her by her mother.
她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。
名师点津
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，
即动作的对象。一般来说，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态，不
及物动词（短语）没有被动语态。
【即时演练3】 把下列主动句变为被动句/补全句子
①He showed me a ticket.
→ （变直接宾语为主语）
→ （变间接宾语为主语）
②He made the farmers work for a long time.
→The farmers for a long time （by him）.
③Great changes in my hometown in the past ten
years.
最近十年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
A ticket was shown to me by him.
I was shown a ticket by him.
were made to work
have taken place
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
cooperate v.合作，协作
【教材原句】 ...it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate
with someone else
……如果你和别人合作，就更容易取得成就
【用法】
（1）cooperate with ... 与……协作/合作
cooperate to do ... 合作共同做……
（2）cooperation n. 合作
in cooperation with ... 与……合作
（3）cooperative adj. 合作的；同心协力的
【佳句】 If you want to cooperate with them， you have to make
compromises in terms of salary.如果你想与他们合作，就必须在薪水方
面作出一些妥协。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①If you act up to your promise， we are going on cooperating
you.
with
【写美】 补全句子
②It was reported that the fair had been organized
local businesses.
据报道这个商品交易会是与当地企业联合举办的。
in cooperation with
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
stick to， as soon as possible， cooperate with， put all one’s efforts
into， graduate from， lose weight
1. We market research and took a series of
measures to increase product sales.
put all our efforts into
2. I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life
.
3. Many young people worry that once they
university， they will join the ranks of the unemployed.
4. Your behaviour is in direct contradiction to the principles you claim
to .
5. The only way to permanently is to completely change
your attitudes.
6. Participating in them enables us to learn to fellow
students.
as soon as
possible
graduate from
stick to
lose weight
cooperate with
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. Body language in our daily life.
肢体语言在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。
2. A speech contest called “live in harmony with nature”
which can accommodate 2，000 people.
一场名为“与大自然和谐相处”的演讲比赛在一个可容纳2，000人
的大厅举行。
is widely used
was held in
a hall
3. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own
house .
他们现在暂时和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在被重建。
4. She didn’t give in when she such cyber-violence.
当她面对那样的网络暴力时，她没有屈服。
5. More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the
development of the local economy.
很快，四川将会建更多高速公路来促进当地经济的发展。
is being rebuilt
was faced with
will be built
6. Many of his books into other languages so
far.
到目前为止，他的许多著作已经被翻译成其他语言。
7. Chemistry a most challenging subject.
化学被认为是最具挑战性的学科之一。
8. By the end of last year， restaurants， clothing stores and book
stores from providing free plastic shopping
bags.
截至去年年底，餐馆、服装店和书店已被禁止免费提供塑料购
物袋。
have been translated
is known as
had been prohibited
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Have you ever heard of Jules Verne？ Actually， he 1.
（consider） to be an important author in France and most of
European countries.Jules Verne was interested in science and literature
from an early age.In 1847， Jules Verne 2.
is
considered
（send） by his family to study law at a university in Paris，
but he preferred to write novels， poems and plays， especially adventure
stories.His first adventure novel， Five Weeks in a Balloon， 3.
（publish） in 1863 and won popularity
immediately.Actually， his writing career lasted for more than 40
years.Up to now， his books 4. （translate）
into hundreds of languages， making him the second most-translated
author in the world.His creations 5.
（recognise） as an inspiration for many scientists
and inventors for many years.Although Jules Verne passed away in 1905，
he 6. （remember） forever by the readers.
was sent
was
published
have been translated
have been recognised
will be remembered
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
One day， a young man went to Dr Conwell and told him he wanted a
college education but couldn’t afford it.Dr Conwell decided， at that
moment， what his aim in life was， besides being a man of the cloth.He
decided to build a university for unfortunate， but deserving，
students.He did have a challenge， however.He would need a few million
dollars to build the university.For Dr Conwell， and anyone with real
purpose in life， nothing could stand in the way of his goal.
Several years before this incident， Dr Conwell was attracted by a
true story with its ageless moral.The story was about a farmer who lived in
Africa and through a visitor became excited about looking for
diamonds.Diamonds were already discovered in abundance on the African
continent and this farmer got so excited about the idea of millions of
dollars’ worth of diamonds that he sold his farm to head for the diamond
mine.He wandered all over the continent， constantly searching for
diamonds， wealth， which he never found.Eventually he went
completely broke and threw himself into a river and died.
Meanwhile， the new owner of his farm picked up an unusual-
looking rock about the size of an egg and put it on his mantle （斗篷） as
a sort of curiosity.A visitor stopped by.He told the new owner that the
funny-looking rock was about the biggest diamond that had ever been
found.The new owner shouted， “God， the whole farm is covered with
them.”
The farm turned out to be the Kimberly Diamond Mine， the richest
the world has ever known.The original farmer was literally standing on
“Acres of Diamonds” until he sold his farm.
Dr Conwell learned from the story of the farmer and continued to
teach its moral.Opportunity does not just come along； it is there all the
time — we just have to see it.Dr Conwell told the story over and over
again on many occasions for raising money to start the college for poor
students.In fact， he raised nearly six million dollars and the university he
founded， Temple University in Philadelphia， has at least ten degree-
granting colleges and six other schools.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了康韦尔博士受到启
发，通过演讲自己钟爱的故事筹集了大量的资金为贫困年轻人创建
了一所大学的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了康韦尔博士受到启
发，通过演讲自己钟爱的故事筹集了大量的资金为贫困年轻人创建
了一所大学的故事。
1. What caused Dr Conwell to build a university？（ ）
A. His wife’s suggestion.
B. A young man’s requirement.
C. A millionaire’s donation.
D. His education experience.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的a young man went to Dr
Conwell and told him he wanted a college education but couldn’t
afford it和He decided to build a university for unfortunate， but
deserving， students.可知，康韦尔博士是在得知一个贫困年轻人想
上大学但是付不起学费之后萌发了建立一所大学的想法。
2. Why did the farmer give up his farm？（ ）
A. Because he wanted to wander around the world.
B. Because he planned to build a university.
C. Because he threw himself into a river.
D. Because he meant to seek his fortune.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的became excited about
looking for diamonds和he sold his farm to head for the diamond mine以
及searching for diamonds， wealth可知，这位农场主想通过寻找钻
石发财，于是卖掉了自己的农场。
3. In which condition did the new owner find the Kimberly Diamond
Mine？（ ）
A. He exchanged his rock for eggs.
B. He sold his mantles to visitors.
C. He decorated his mantle by a rock.
D. He sorted out the whole farm.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，农场新主人出于好奇将
一块不寻常的石头装饰在他的斗篷上，然后被一位路人发现它大概
是世界上最大的钻石，因此这位农场新主人发现了金伯利钻石矿。
4. Which of the following best describes Dr Conwell？（ ）
A. Adaptable. B. Considerate.
C. Disciplined. D. Purposeful.
解析： 推理判断题。本文主要讲述了康韦尔博士为了筹集大量
的资金创建一所大学而反复在演讲中提及自己钟爱的故事。文章在
开头和结尾提到康韦尔博士是一个发现了机会就坚持不懈将其成功
实现的人，即康韦尔博士是一个目标明确的人。
B
When it comes to entrepreneurship （企业家）， it seems like a lot
of us are fond of the idea of NOT getting more education.Sure， we’ve
all heard how Bill Gates and Steve Jobs dropped out of college to found
Microsoft and Apple， respectively.A lot of would-be solopreneurs （独
立创业者） think this means they should take the same course， putting
education by the wayside to chase their business goals.
Now， I’m not saying that you need a college degree to be a
successful entrepreneur.But all too often， people take these famous
examples a step too far and decide they don’t need to further their
education in any way.
The thing is， college isn’t the only place you can get an
education.Bill Gates and Steve Jobs learned a lot outside their classroom
settings to turn their companies into the global successes they are
today.When it comes to entrepreneurship， the most successful people are
generally the ones who develop a lifelong love of learning.It’s a feature
worth imitating.
When we think of “exercise”， most of us think of sweaty people
at the gym running on treadmills and lifting weights.We don’t think of
hitting the books.But the brain is actually a muscle too.And just like you
need those physical workouts so you don’t start getting saggy （松弛
的） around the middle， you need to give your brain regular
“workouts” that keep it active and healthy.
Contrary to popular belief， your brain doesn’t stop growing after
adolescence.One recent study found that the brain continues to produce
new neurons associated with learning， emotion and memory throughout
adulthood.Of course， the outcomes of this ongoing development depend
in part on your own efforts.
If you’re not feeling motivated to work out your brain， it might be
helpful to consider the costs of not continuing to learn.Quite simply， the
problems you have now — whether in business or other areas of your
life — are going to continue to exist if you don’t find new ways to
approach them.The things you learn will help you discover new solutions
and think more creatively.When done right， training your brain can
become a lifelong habit — just like going for a morning run or hitting the
gym at the end of the work day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了最成功的人永不停
止学习的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了最成功的人永不停
止学习的原因。
5. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？（ ）
A. It is no use obtaining college degree.
B. It is not necessary to further our education.
C. It is more important to chase business goals.
D. It is vital to view these successful examples sensibly.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推知，理智地看待这
些成功的例子更加重要。
6. What does the underlined phrase “hitting the books” in Paragraph 4
mean？（ ）
A. Getting rid of the books.
B. Diving into the books.
C. Purchasing the books.
D. Referring to the books.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句以及画线词所在句下文
But the brain is actually a muscle too.可知，提起锻炼身体，人们都
会想到在健身房跑步机上挥汗的人们。我们不会想到埋头读书。但
是，事实上大脑也是一块肌肉。由此推测，画线词意为“埋头读
书”。
7. What can we know about the brain from this passage？（ ）
A. The brain can be active by continuous learning.
B. The brain can produce new neurons all the life.
C. Working out the brain can solve all the problems.
D. Working out the brain will cost you a lot.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，大脑可以通过
持续的学习保持活跃。
8. What is the main idea of the passage？（ ）
A. The brain is of significance to our health.
B. Keeping reading books is highly recommended.
C. Nonstop learning should be a lifelong habit.
D. It is important to develop a passion for learning.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一句可知，文章
主要说明了大学并不是你唯一能接受教育的地方，最成功的人通常
是那些终身热爱学习的人，建议我们把学习看作一种终生的习惯。
由此推断，文章的主旨是不间断的学习应该成为一种终生的习惯。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I began planning to move to Auckland to study，my mother
was worried about a lack of jobs and cultural differences.Ignoring
these 9 ，I got there in July 2010. 10 I arrived，I realised the
importance of getting a job for my living experience.Determined to do
this 11 ，I spent several weeks going door-to-door for a job，but
found 12 response.
One afternoon，I walked into a building to ask 13 there were any
job opportunities.The people there advised me not to continue my job
search in that 14 .As I was about to 15 ，a man who had been
listening approached me and asked me to wait outside for a while.Nearly
ten minutes later，he 16 .He asked me about my plans and
encouraged me to stay 17 .Then he offered to take me to Royal Oak
to 18 a job.
I was a little surprised，but had a good feeling about him.Along the
way，I realised that I had 19 resumes.Seeing this，the man 20
at his business partner’s office to make me fifteen 21 copies.He also
gave me some suggestions on dressing and speaking.I handed out my
resume and went home feeling very 22 .The following day，I
received a call from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job.
It seems that the world always 23 to you when you need it.And
this time，it was a complete stranger who turned out to be a real blessing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者独自一人去奥克兰求学，
需要一份工作充实自己的生活经历。 他在一位陌生人的帮助下最终
获得了一份工作。作者以此向我们说明一个生活真谛：世界总是在
你需要的时候回报你。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者独自一人去奥克兰求学，
需要一份工作充实自己的生活经历。 他在一位陌生人的帮助下最终
获得了一份工作。作者以此向我们说明一个生活真谛：世界总是在
你需要的时候回报你。
9. A. doubts B. reasons
C. instructions D. concerns
解析： 根据上文可知，此处是指“我”忽略了母亲的这些担
忧。
10. A. Even if B. Every time
C. Soon after D. Now that
解析： 此处是指“我”刚到不久，就意识到找工作对于
“我”的生活经历的重要性，所以马上开始找工作。
11. A. on my way B. on my own
C. by any chance D. by the day
解析： 根据下文I spent several weeks going door-to-door for a
job可知，此处是指“我”决定靠自己找工作。
12. A. any B. much C. little D. some
解析： 根据转折词but可知，“我”几乎没有得到什么回应。
13. A. whether B. wherever
C. why D. whenever
解析： 此处是指“我”走进大楼找工作，所以是询问是否有
工作机会。
14. A. direction B. manner
C. language D. attitude
解析： 根据上文可知，“我”用挨家挨户询问的方式找工作
没有得到什么回应，所以那里的人建议“我”不要用那种方式继
续找工作。
15. A. answer B. work
C. refuse D. leave
解析： 根据上文The people there advised me not to continue my
job search in that 14 .和下文asked me to wait outside for a while
可知，此处表示此时“我”听了旁人的建议打算离开。
16. A. passed B. hesitated
C. returned D. regretted
解析： 这个人要求“我”等他一会儿，所以此处是指大约十
分钟后，他回来了。
17. A. positive B. busy
C. silent D. comfortable
解析： 根据encouraged me可知，此处是指他鼓励“我”保持
乐观。
18. A. pick out B. give up
C. take on D. search for
解析： 此处是指他提出带“我”去皇家橡树找工作。
19. A. made use of B. run out of
C. taken care of D. become tired of
解析：B 根据下文他帮“我”复印简历可知，此处是指“我”
的简历已经用完了。
20. A. appeared B. knocked
C. glanced D. stopped
解析： 根据上文Along the way可知，“我”和他在去找工作的
路上，所以此处是指在他的生意伙伴的办公室停下来。
21. A. more B. right
C. former D. different
解析： 根据上文可知，此处是指又复印了15份（简历）。
fifteen more意为“再来15个”。
22. A. lonely B. satisfied
C. disappointed D. funny
解析： 根据上文可知，这个人不光鼓励“我”，帮“我”
复印简历，还给了“我”很多有用的建议，所以“我”感到很
满足。
23. A. turns off B. goes over
C. gives back D. looks up
解析： 根据下文And this time，it was a complete stranger who
turned out to be a real blessing.可知，此处是指世界似乎总是在你
需要的时候给你回报。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Chinese couplet （对联） refers to two poetic lines obeying
certain rules， often written on red paper for 24.
（appreciate）.
As a form of Chinese literature， the couplet 25.
（vary） in content and style.Some express people’s love to their
motherland， some describe the beauty of nature， 26.
some convey best wishes for the coming year.
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties， and
27. （become） ubiquitous （无处不在的） in the Ming
and Qing Dynasties.It was the custom for people
28. （hang） peach wood charms to drive away evil
spirits during the Spring Festival.Nowadays， couplets are used
29. a similar way.
It was said that the 30. （early） couplet was written
by Meng Chang， king of Later Shu and it was 31.
（extreme） popular in the Northern Song Dynasty.Since the Ming
Dynasty， to write couplets 32. （regard） as a mark of
the cultured life of scholars.
The couplet has two equal-length lines.However，
33. number of characters in each line can be from four to
seven or more.The first and the second lines have opposite tone
patterns.The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone （仄
声）， and its opposite in the second line， is of a level tone （平声）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国对联的寓意、目的
以及起源等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国对联的寓意、目的
以及起源等。
24. appreciation 考查词形转换。根据空前的for可知，该空应用名词
作for的宾语；再结合句意可知，此处表示“欣赏”，是不可数名词。
故填appreciation。
25. varies 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句讲的是客观事
实，应用一般现在时；主语the couplet表示第三人称单数概念，且与
vary之间是主动关系。故填varies。
26. and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用并列连词连接三个
句子。故填and。
27. became 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the Ming and Qing
Dynasties可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填
became。
28. to hang 考查非谓语动词。It is/was the custom （for sb） to do
sth，意为“根据传统……”，该句型中It作形式主语，真正的主语为
动词不定式短语。故填to hang。
29. in 考查介词。in a similar way意为“用类似的方式”。故填in。
30. earliest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的the和语境可知，此处
表示据说最早的对联是后蜀皇帝孟昶所写，所以该空应用形容词early
的最高级。故填earliest。
31. extremely 考查词形转换。修饰形容词popular应用副词。故填
extremely。
32. has been regarded 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间
状语Since the Ming Dynasty可知，该空应用现在完成时，表示过去发
生的动作持续到现在；主语to write couplets为非谓语动词短语，且与
regard之间为被动关系，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has
been regarded。
33. the 考查定冠词。the number of为固定短语，表示“……的数
量”。故填the。
谢谢观看！
