Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Failure is an unavoidable part of life.Though science has named some life skills that promise success， we’re told over and over again that no great success was ever achieved without failure — or many failed attempts.One of life’s most important lessons， therefore， has to be how to handle failure best.But what is the message？
For starters， ignore advice from anyone that tells you， “Don’t beat yourself up about it， no matter how well-meaning they are.” According to the new research from the University of Kansas， we absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail.Marketing professor Noelle Nelson and her team found that the more emotional a person’s response is to failure， the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task.
The researchers carried out two experiments in which undergraduate students were required to perform specific tasks.In one experiment， they were asked to search online for a squeezer and report the lowest price they could find with the possibility of winning a $50 cash prize.However， the task was controlled， and all participants were told （by a computer） that the lowest price was $3.27 less than their reported price.Consequently， no participant won the cash prize.When the results were announced， some participants were asked to focus on their emotional response， and others on their cognitive （认知的） response.During the next similar task， participants who focused on their emotional response to failure made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response.
Everybody has their own unique challenges， responsibilities， duties， and projects， but these findings are related to all of us.Your personal failure may be a cake that fails to rise， a presentation that goes wrong， or a deadline that gets missed — it doesn’t matter.What matters is how you react to it.Instead of thinking about the failure， let yourself feel bad about it.Then follow this advice on how to bounce back after your failure.
1.What’s the relationship between failure and success？（ ）
A.Failure promises success.
B.Failure is the key to success.
C.Failure does damage to success.
D.Well-handled failure is good for success.
2.Why does the writer support beating oneself up when failing？（ ）
A.It’s a well-meaning suggestion for failure.
B.It’s been proved by the study of a university.
C.Being emotional is good for one’s future success.
D.It can make people less emotional about failure.
3.What is the purpose of the two experiments？（ ）
A.To test the participants’ abilities to search online.
B.To improve the participants’ cognitive response.
C.To teach the participants to avoid failures.
D.To test the benefit of emotional response to failure.
4.Which can be the best title for the passage？（ ）
A.Personal Failure Is a Cake That Fails to Appear
B.The Most Productive Way to Handle Any Failure
C.Different Methods to Change Failure into Success
D.The Reason Why Failure Is the Mother of Success
Ⅱ.语法填空
Chinese seal （印章） carving originated during the Shang Dynasty.In the beginning， the characters carved on seals were the same as 5. （that） used in writing， such as Xiaozhuan of the Qin Dynasty.However， with Chinese writing becoming increasingly standardized and simplified， it became a tradition 6. （use） Xiaozhuan for seals.
In ancient times， seals were regarded as 7. guarantee of authenticity （真实性）.Today， they are more of a sign of authority of a legal person 8. an artwork.
After the Qin Dynasty， materials for seals were 9. （strict） classified.Jade （玉） was only used for emperors， gold and silver for high-ranking 10. （office） and copper （铜） for the low ranks.Various types of stones were used from the Song Dynasty， 11. led to a boom for seal carving.
12. （early）， seal carving was accomplished only by workers.During the Song Dynasty， scholars and artists began to get involved in it.They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting， 13. （make） this traditional art more popular in China.
To protect this artistic treasure， Chinese seal carving 14. （include） on the UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My last two years in high school were absolutely miserable.In the junior and senior years of a highly competitive school， one’s whole existence became the crazy preparation to enter the next highly competitive situation.Even the most casual conversations turned to SAT scores and grade point averages.What were the Ivies （常春藤学院） looking for？ What extracurricular activities gave you the biggest boost towards getting into a “name” college？ Where were the scholarships？
The problem for me was that my family had grown so non-adaptive that even a free New York City high school had become a financial and emotional burden.My grades suffered accordingly.So I hid from my classmates and their discussions of colleges.I stayed away from school for weeks at a time.I went to cheap movies on 42nd Street.I took long walks around the city.But mostly I tried to lose myself in books.I would read in Central Park if I found myself there.I would read on the subways that took me from Harlem to lower New York and Brooklyn.Books and reading became my life.
Somewhere along the way I discovered an unstable balance between the intellectual intimacy （亲密） of the books I read and my personal alienation （疏远） from a world in which I didn’t seem to belong.Writers like Shakespeare， Andre Gide， Honore de Balzac， who are suggested by my English teacher， were guides to a world I couldn’t see and only sensed.But they were excellent guides， at hand day and night， always comforting.
Sometimes， looking back， I am saddened by my lost school days.I wonder what might have been if my family had not been so non-adaptive and if I had not faced so many challenges during those years.I struggled to keep up with my studies.It was a difficult time and I often felt like giving up.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Thanks to the help of my English teacher， I found my way out of the darkness of high school.
And after graduation from college， I set out to pursue my passion for writing.
Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。失败乃是人生不可避免的一部分，没有失败就不会取得巨大的成功。文章介绍了处理失败最有效的办法。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的One of life’s most important lessons， therefore， has to be how to handle failure best.可知，处理得当的失败对成功有好处。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的we absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail和the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task可知，对失败有情绪对将来的成功是很重要的。
3.D 写作意图题。根据第三段中的When the results were announced ...focused on a cognitive response.可知，这两个实验的目的是测试失败后情绪反应的好处。
4.B 标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，人生中最重要的教训之一就是如何最好地处理失败。因此B项（处理失败的最有效办法）为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的印章篆刻技术的起源和发展历史。
5.those 考查代词。根据the same as可知，空处指代上文中的the characters，故填those。
6.to use 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to use。
7.a 考查冠词。guarantee在句中作名词，意为“保证”，是可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，又因guarantee的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8.than 考查介词。根据句中的more可知，空处表示比较，故填than。
9.strictly 考查词形转换。空处修饰谓语were classified，应用副词，故填strictly。
10.officers/officials 考查词形转换。根据句意可知，空处应与emperors和the low ranks并列，也应用名词的复数，且指人，故填officers/officials。
11.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容，且从句中缺少主语，故填which。
12.Earlier 考查副词的比较级。根据句意可知，空处需要用比较级。故填Earlier。注意首字母大写。
13.making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填making。
14.was included 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 2009可知，空处应用一般过去时；主语Chinese seal carving与include之间为被动关系；主语是第三人称，表单数概念。故填was included。
Ⅲ.
Thanks to the help of my English teacher， I found my way out of the darkness of high school.She encouraged me to keep up with my grades and to read more.She saw something in me that I didn’t see in myself， and her support gave me the confidence I needed.Finally， I was admitted to college.In college I continued to explore the world of literature and writing， taking courses in creative writing and literature.I discovered new authors and genres， and honed my skills as a writer.
And after graduation from college， I set out to pursue my passion for writing.It wasn’t easy.I faced rejection， self-doubt， and uncertainty.But I persevered， devoted myself to drawing on the lessons I had learned from my high school struggles and my college education.And eventually， I found success as an author， publishing my first novel to critical acclaim.Looking back on my journey， I am grateful for the challenges I faced， for they taught me resilience and determination.
3 / 3Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
Step 1 品教材课文
The Blue Bird is a six-act fairy play written by Maurice Maeterlinck.It’s a story about Tyltyl and Mytyl’s adventures as they search for the Blue Bird of Happiness.As the children of a poor woodcutter， they are secretly observing a party at the home of their wealthy landlords when a fairy appears.She uses a magic diamond to bring animals （their dog and cat）， objects （sugar and bread） and elements（light， fire， water） in their home to life.Together， they set off on a dangerous journey in search of the Blue Bird.
Tyltyl and Mytyl go to many magical places.They encounter numerous characters such as their departed grandparents， trees that hate mankind， the greedy and ugly Luxuries， and children waiting to be born.Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird， the birds they find either change colour or die.The children return home at last， and Tyltyl discovers the Blue Bird has been there all the time！ He gives the bird to the neighbour’s little girl， curing her illness.But in the end， the bird flies away， and Tyltyl asks the audience to search for it.The central idea of the play is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as wealth， but in simple things that are found in family life， and in acts of friendship and kindness.
Step 2 析写作手法
学语言：
1.修饰语：副词secretly；形容词numerous
2.句式：运用了be doing sth when ...；not ...but ...
3.连接词：such as， either ...or ...
4.高级表达：
①运用了过去分词短语written by Maurice Maeterlinck作后置定语
②时间状语从句as they search for the Blue Bird of Happiness
③让步状语从句Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird
④动词-ing短语curing her illness作结果状语
⑤表语从句that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as wealth， but in simple things that are found in family life， and in acts of friendship and kindness
⑥定语从句 that are found in family life
5.时态：一般现在时
学结构：
1.介绍作品的题目和作者；
2.介绍作品中的主要人物；
3.叙述故事的开端和高潮；
4.故事的结局。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1.Written by ...， the ...is a must for all children to read.
2.The novel mainly tells the story of ...
3.He volunteered to help people who ...and then he became popular because ...
4.However， everything became different when he got the news that ...
5.Despite ...he continued doing his work and because of that， he later gained wide respect.
6.Unfortunately， he was injured while working and was soon sent to hospital where ...
7.The story tells us how important ...is to us humans and in any case we shouldn’t ...
8.What the novel impresses me most is ...
假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部即将举办文学名著读书会。请为你熟知的英文长篇小说写一篇概要，并在读书会上与大家分享。概要的内容包括：
1.作品名称及作者；
2.剧情介绍；
3.作品的意义及你的感受。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：指出作品名称及作者；
第二段：具体介绍故事情节；
第三段：谈谈作品的意义以及自己的感受。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.《永别了，武器》是美国著名作家欧内斯特·海明威写的一部长篇小说。
2.它讲述了一个名叫亨利的年轻人的故事。
3.在第一次世界大战期间他自愿驾驶救护车来帮助受伤的士兵。
4.不幸的是，一天他在执行任务时受伤了。
5.他被送往医院，在那里他遇到了凯瑟琳。
6.他们很快陷入了热恋。
7.伤愈后，亨利返回了前线。
8.亨利再次目睹了战争的残酷，毫不犹豫地离开了部队。
9.这部小说揭示了战争的残酷和对人类精神和情感的巨大影响。
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1.用定语从句把要点2和要点3连接起来。
2.把要点8改为含有动词-ing短语作状语的句子。
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
动作 描写 anticipate v.预期，预料；期待 weaken v.（使）虚弱 cram v.挤满 lean v.倚，靠 possession n.财产，财物→possess vt.拥有；具有；支配 recognition n.承认，认可；认出→recognise v.辨认出；承认；意识到
人物 描写 pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的 despair n.绝望 instinctively adv.本能地 absurd adj.荒唐的，愚蠢的
其他 描写 词汇 widespread adj.广泛流传的；分布广的 outstretched adj.张开的，伸开的 transparent adj.透明的
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
吉米（Jimmy）的酒吧里挤满了人。突然，一位女士说丢了钱包，里面有她最重要的财物——一枚结婚戒指。她陷入了绝望。吉米搜索了摄像头，认出了一个衣衫褴褛的男孩奥利弗（Oliver）。吉米向后靠在椅子上，陷入沉思。他想他该做点什么了。他最终找到了手里拿着一个钱包的奥利弗。“你想在我的酒吧工作吗？”吉米问，并对他伸出手。男孩睁大了眼睛，脸上写满了惊讶。“愿意！我会努力工作的，像你期望的那样。还有……对不起，我拿了钱包。”奥利弗低着头回答。
Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.A Farewell to Arms is a long novel written by the famous American writer Ernest Hemingway.
2.It tells the story of a young man named Henry.
3.He volunteered to drive the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War Ⅰ.
4.Unfortunately， one day， he was injured while performing the task.
5.He was sent to hospital， where he met Catherine.
6.They soon fell in love with each other.
7.After his recovery， Henry returned to the front.
8.Henry witnessed the cruelty of the war again and left the army without hesitation.
9.The novel demonstrates the cruelty of war and its huge impact on human spirit and emotion.
三、1.It tells the story of a young man named Henry who volunteered to drive the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War Ⅰ.
2.Witnessing the cruelty of the war again， Henry left the army without hesitation.
四、
A Farewell to Arms is a long novel written by the famous American writer Ernest Hemingway.
It tells the story of a young man named Henry who volunteered to drive the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War Ⅰ.Unfortunately， one day， he was injured while performing the task.Then he was sent to hospital， where he met Catherine.They soon fell in love with each other.After his recovery， Henry returned to the front.Witnessing the cruelty of the war again， Henry left the army without hesitation.
The novel demonstrates the cruelty of war and its huge impact on human spirit and emotion.So how lucky we are to live in such a peaceful country！ Every one of us should cherish peace and be against any war， shouldn’t we？
【教材词汇·练续写】
Jimmy’s bar was crammed with people.Suddenly，a woman said she lost her wallet，inside which was her most important possession — a wedding ring.She was in despair.Jimmy searched cameras.Oliver，a boy in rags，was recognised.Jimmy leaned back in his chair，lost in thought.He had to do something，he thought.Finally he found Oliver，a wallet in his hand.“Would you like to work in my bar？” Jimmy asked，his hand outstretched.The boy widened his eyes，surprise written over his face.“Yes！I will work hard， as you anticipate.And ...I’m sorry for taking the wallet，”Oliver responded with his head lowered.
4 / 4(共50张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
1
细品课文·学手法
目 录
2
演练佳作·写美文
3
教材词汇·练续写
4
课时检测·提能力
细品课文·学手法
培养思维品质
1
Step 1 品教材课文
The Blue Bird is a six-act fairy play written by Maurice
Maeterlinck.It’s a story about Tyltyl and Mytyl’s adventures as they
search for the Blue Bird of Happiness.As the children of a poor
woodcutter， they are secretly observing a party at the home of their
wealthy landlords when a fairy appears.She uses a magic diamond to bring
animals （their dog and cat）， objects （sugar and bread） and elements
（light， fire， water） in their home to life.Together， they set off on a
dangerous journey in search of the Blue Bird.
Tyltyl and Mytyl go to many magical places.They encounter
numerous characters such as their departed grandparents， trees that hate
mankind， the greedy and ugly Luxuries， and children waiting to be
born.Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird， the birds they
find either change colour or die.The children return home at last， and
Tyltyl discovers the Blue Bird has been there all the time！ He gives the
bird to the neighbour’s little girl， curing her illness.But in the end， the
bird flies away， and Tyltyl asks the audience to search for it.
The central idea of the play is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries
such as wealth， but in simple things that are found in family life， and in
acts of friendship and kindness.
Step 2 析写作手法
学语言：
1. 修饰语：副词secretly；形容词numerous
2. 句式：运用了be doing sth when ...；not ...but ...
3. 连接词：such as， either ...or ...
4. 高级表达：
①运用了过去分词短语written by Maurice Maeterlinck作后置定语
②时间状语从句as they search for the Blue Bird of Happiness
③让步状语从句Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird
④动词-ing短语curing her illness作结果状语
⑤表语从句that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as
wealth， but in simple things that are found in family life， and in acts
of friendship and kindness
⑥定语从句 that are found in family life
5. 时态：一般现在时
学结构：
1. 介绍作品的题目和作者；
2. 介绍作品中的主要人物；
3. 叙述故事的开端和高潮；
4. 故事的结局。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1. Written by ...， the ...is a must for all children to read.
2. The novel mainly tells the story of ...
3. He volunteered to help people who ...and then he became popular
because ...
4. However， everything became different when he got the news that ...
5. Despite ...he continued doing his work and because of that， he later
gained wide respect.
6. Unfortunately， he was injured while working and was soon sent to
hospital where ...
7. The story tells us how important ...is to us humans and in any case we
shouldn’t ...
8. What the novel impresses me most is ...
演练佳作·写美文
奠定写作功底
2
假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部即将举办文学名著读书会。请为
你熟知的英文长篇小说写一篇概要，并在读书会上与大家分享。概要
的内容包括：
1. 作品名称及作者；
2. 剧情介绍；
3. 作品的意义及你的感受。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：指出作品名称及作者；
第二段：具体介绍故事情节；
第三段：谈谈作品的意义以及自己的感受。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1. 《永别了，武器》是美国著名作家欧内斯特·海明威写的一部长篇
小说。
2. 它讲述了一个名叫亨利的年轻人的故事。
3. 在第一次世界大战期间他自愿驾驶救护车来帮助受伤的士兵。
A Farewell to Arms is a long novel written by the famous American
writer Ernest Hemingway.
It tells the story of a young man named Henry.
He volunteered to drive the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers
during World War Ⅰ.
4. 不幸的是，一天他在执行任务时受伤了。
5. 他被送往医院，在那里他遇到了凯瑟琳。
6. 他们很快陷入了热恋。
7. 伤愈后，亨利返回了前线。
Unfortunately， one day， he was injured while performing the task.
He was sent to hospital， where he met Catherine.
They soon fell in love with each other.
After his recovery， Henry returned to the front.
8. 亨利再次目睹了战争的残酷，毫不犹豫地离开了部队。
9. 这部小说揭示了战争的残酷和对人类精神和情感的巨大影响。
Henry witnessed the cruelty of the war again and left the army without
hesitation.
The novel demonstrates the cruelty of war and its huge impact on
human spirit and emotion.
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1. 用定语从句把要点2和要点3连接起来。
2. 把要点8改为含有动词-ing短语作状语的句子。
It tells the story of a young man named Henry who volunteered to drive
the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War Ⅰ.
Witnessing the cruelty of the war again， Henry left the army without
hesitation.
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
A Farewell to Arms is a long novel written by the famous American
writer Ernest Hemingway.
It tells the story of a young man named Henry who volunteered to drive the
ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War
Ⅰ.Unfortunately， one day， he was injured while performing the
task.Then he was sent to hospital， where he met Catherine.They soon
fell in love with each other.After his recovery， Henry returned to the
front.Witnessing the cruelty of the war again， Henry left the army
without hesitation.
The novel demonstrates the cruelty of war and its huge impact on human
spirit and emotion.So how lucky we are to live in such a peaceful
country！ Every one of us should cherish peace and be against any war，
shouldn’t we？
教材词汇·练续写
体现学以致用
3
动作 描写 anticipate v.预期，预料；期待
weaken v.（使）虚弱
cram v.挤满
lean v.倚，靠
possession n.财产，财物→possess vt.拥有；具有；支配
recognition n.承认，认可；认出→recognise v.辨认出；承认；
意识到
人物 描写 pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的
despair n.绝望
instinctively adv.本能地
absurd adj.荒唐的，愚蠢的
其他 描写 词汇 widespread adj.广泛流传的；分布广的
outstretched adj.张开的，伸开的
transparent adj.透明的
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下
面语段。
吉米（Jimmy）的酒吧里挤满了人。突然，一位女士说丢了钱
包，里面有她最重要的财物——一枚结婚戒指。她陷入了绝望。吉米
搜索了摄像头，认出了一个衣衫褴褛的男孩奥利弗（Oliver）。吉米
向后靠在椅子上，陷入沉思。他想他该做点什么了。他最终找到了手
里拿着一个钱包的奥利弗。“你想在我的酒吧工作吗？”吉米问，并
对他伸出手。男孩睁大了眼睛，脸上写满了惊讶。“愿意！我会努力
工作的，像你期望的那样。还有……对不起，我拿了钱包。”奥利弗
低着头回答。
Jimmy’s bar was crammed with people.Suddenly，a woman
said she lost her wallet，inside which was her most important
possession — a wedding ring.She was in despair.Jimmy searched
cameras.Oliver，a boy in rags，was recognised.Jimmy leaned back in
his chair，lost in thought.He had to do something，he thought.Finally he
found Oliver，a wallet in his hand.“Would you like to work in my
bar？” Jimmy asked，his hand outstretched.The boy widened his
eyes，surprise written over his face.“Yes！I will work hard， as you
anticipate.And ...I’m sorry for taking the wallet，”Oliver responded
with his head lowered.
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Failure is an unavoidable part of life.Though science has named some
life skills that promise success， we’re told over and over again that no
great success was ever achieved without failure — or many failed
attempts.One of life’s most important lessons， therefore， has to be
how to handle failure best.But what is the message？
For starters， ignore advice from anyone that tells you， “Don’t
beat yourself up about it， no matter how well-meaning they are.”
According to the new research from the University of Kansas， we
absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail.Marketing
professor Noelle Nelson and her team found that the more emotional a
person’s response is to failure， the more likely they are to achieve better
results the next time they deal with a related task.
The researchers carried out two experiments in which undergraduate
students were required to perform specific tasks.In one experiment， they
were asked to search online for a squeezer and report the lowest price they
could find with the possibility of winning a $50 cash prize.However， the
task was controlled， and all participants were told （by a computer） that
the lowest price was $3.27 less than their reported price.Consequently，
no participant won the cash prize.When the results were announced，
some participants were asked to focus on their emotional response， and
others on their cognitive （认知的） response.During the next similar
task， participants who focused on their emotional response to failure
made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response.
Everybody has their own unique challenges， responsibilities，
duties， and projects， but these findings are related to all of us.Your
personal failure may be a cake that fails to rise， a presentation that goes
wrong， or a deadline that gets missed — it doesn’t matter.What matters
is how you react to it.Instead of thinking about the failure， let yourself
feel bad about it.Then follow this advice on how to bounce back after your
failure.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。失败乃是人生不可避免的一部分，
没有失败就不会取得巨大的成功。文章介绍了处理失败最有效的办
法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。失败乃是人生不可避免的一部分，
没有失败就不会取得巨大的成功。文章介绍了处理失败最有效的办
法。
1. What’s the relationship between failure and success？（ ）
A. Failure promises success.
B. Failure is the key to success.
C. Failure does damage to success.
D. Well-handled failure is good for success.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的One of life’s most
important lessons， therefore， has to be how to handle failure best.可
知，处理得当的失败对成功有好处。
2. Why does the writer support beating oneself up when failing？
（ ）
A. It’s a well-meaning suggestion for failure.
B. It’s been proved by the study of a university.
C. Being emotional is good for one’s future success.
D. It can make people less emotional about failure.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的we absolutely should be
beating ourselves up when we fail和the more likely they are to achieve
better results the next time they deal with a related task可知，对失败有
情绪对将来的成功是很重要的。
3. What is the purpose of the two experiments？（ ）
A. To test the participants’ abilities to search online.
B. To improve the participants’ cognitive response.
C. To teach the participants to avoid failures.
D. To test the benefit of emotional response to failure.
解析： 写作意图题。根据第三段中的When the results were
announced ...focused on a cognitive response.可知，这两个实验的
目的是测试失败后情绪反应的好处。
4. Which can be the best title for the passage？（ ）
A. Personal Failure Is a Cake That Fails to Appear
B. The Most Productive Way to Handle Any Failure
C. Different Methods to Change Failure into Success
D. The Reason Why Failure Is the Mother of Success
解析： 标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，人生中
最重要的教训之一就是如何最好地处理失败。因此B项（处理失败
的最有效办法）为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Chinese seal （印章） carving originated during the Shang
Dynasty.In the beginning， the characters carved on seals were the same
as 5. （that） used in writing， such as Xiaozhuan of the
Qin Dynasty.However， with Chinese writing becoming increasingly
standardized and simplified， it became a tradition 6.
（use） Xiaozhuan for seals.
In ancient times， seals were regarded as 7. guarantee
of authenticity （真实性）.Today， they are more of a sign of authority
of a legal person 8. an artwork.
After the Qin Dynasty， materials for seals were 9.
（strict） classified.Jade （玉） was only used for emperors， gold and
silver for high-ranking 10. （office） and copper （铜）
for the low ranks.Various types of stones were used from the Song
Dynasty， 11. led to a boom for seal carving.
12. （early）， seal carving was accomplished only
by workers.During the Song Dynasty， scholars and artists began to get
involved in it.They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting，
13. （make） this traditional art more popular in China.
To protect this artistic treasure， Chinese seal carving
14. （include） on the UNESCO’s Representative List of
the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的印章篆刻技
术的起源和发展历史。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的印章篆刻技
术的起源和发展历史。
5. those 考查代词。根据the same as可知，空处指代上文中的the
characters，故填those。
6. to use 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处it作形式主语，
动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to use。
7. a 考查冠词。guarantee在句中作名词，意为“保证”，是可数名
词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，又因guarantee的发音以辅音音素开
头，故填a。
8. than 考查介词。根据句中的more可知，空处表示比较，故填
than。
9. strictly 考查词形转换。空处修饰谓语were classified，应用副词，
故填strictly。
10. officers/officials 考查词形转换。根据句意可知，空处应与
emperors和the low ranks并列，也应用名词的复数，且指人，故填
officers/officials。
11. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定
语从句，指代前面一句话的内容，且从句中缺少主语，故填which。
12. Earlier 考查副词的比较级。根据句意可知，空处需要用比较
级。故填Earlier。注意首字母大写。
13. making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作结果状
语，表示自然而然的结果，故填making。
14. was included 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语
in 2009可知，空处应用一般过去时；主语Chinese seal carving与include
之间为被动关系；主语是第三人称，表单数概念。故填was included。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
My last two years in high school were absolutely miserable.In the
junior and senior years of a highly competitive school， one’s whole
existence became the crazy preparation to enter the next highly competitive
situation.Even the most casual conversations turned to SAT scores and
grade point averages.What were the Ivies （常春藤学院） looking for？
What extracurricular activities gave you the biggest boost towards getting
into a “name” college？ Where were the scholarships？
The problem for me was that my family had grown so non-adaptive
that even a free New York City high school had become a financial and
emotional burden.My grades suffered accordingly.So I hid from my
classmates and their discussions of colleges.I stayed away from school for
weeks at a time.I went to cheap movies on 42nd Street.I took long walks
around the city.But mostly I tried to lose myself in books.I would read in
Central Park if I found myself there.I would read on the subways that took
me from Harlem to lower New York and Brooklyn.Books and reading
became my life.
Somewhere along the way I discovered an unstable balance between
the intellectual intimacy （亲密） of the books I read and my personal
alienation （疏远） from a world in which I didn’t seem to
belong.Writers like Shakespeare， Andre Gide， Honore de Balzac，
who are suggested by my English teacher， were guides to a world I
couldn’t see and only sensed.But they were excellent guides， at hand
day and night， always comforting.
Sometimes， looking back， I am saddened by my lost school days.I
wonder what might have been if my family had not been so non-adaptive
and if I had not faced so many challenges during those years.I struggled to
keep up with my studies.It was a difficult time and I often felt like giving
up.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Thanks to the help of my English teacher， I found my way out of
the darkness of high school.
And after graduation from college， I set out to pursue my passion
for writing.
参考范文：
Thanks to the help of my English teacher， I found my way out of the
darkness of high school.She encouraged me to keep up with my grades and
to read more.She saw something in me that I didn’t see in myself， and
her support gave me the confidence I needed.Finally， I was admitted to
college.In college I continued to explore the world of literature and
writing， taking courses in creative writing and literature.I discovered new
authors and genres， and honed my skills as a writer.
And after graduation from college， I set out to pursue my passion for
writing.It wasn’t easy.I faced rejection， self-doubt， and
uncertainty.But I persevered， devoted myself to drawing on the lessons I
had learned from my high school struggles and my college education.And
eventually， I found success as an author， publishing my first novel to
critical acclaim.Looking back on my journey， I am grateful for the
challenges I faced， for they taught me resilience and determination.
谢谢观看！
