Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.The lost car was found （遗弃） in the woods off the highway.
2.The case was （拒绝） in the absence of any definite proof.
3.He described the landing as a big step for human （文明）.
4.So b was she in doing work that she didn’t notice it got dark outside.
5.A is the scientific study of the stars， planets， and other natural objects in space.
维度二：词形转换
1.The universe is very （mystery），and it is full of temptation.
2.The book is an （expand） of a series of lectures given last year.
3.We saw （abandon） farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
4.I found him （bury） in reading the novel when I came in the room， making no response to my questions.
5. （apply） are selected for jobs based on the results of a competitive examination.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Its once-great cities （成为废墟）， leaving various mysteries.
2.Their conclusions do not （与……相符） the original.
3.Because of their courage， daring and idealism， we will miss them （更加）.
4.As we know， the British Empire was （在鼎盛时期） in the mid 19th century.
5.The concert was terrible， and （除……之外） all that， the tickets were really expensive.
6.We’ll set off tomorrow， （无论天气如何）.
7.The fact （近来谁也没有见过他） disturbs everyone in his office.
8.The temperature keeps rising and no rain falls， （引发了几场野火）.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The recently opened time capsule at the US Military Academy West Point has sparked excitement and curiosity.Although the initial disappointment was palpable when the box seemed to contain only dirt， the discovery of hidden treasures has reawakened interest in the historical significance of the artifacts.
The time capsule， believed to have been placed by West Point military students， was found inside the base of a memorial dedicated to Thaddeus Kosciuszko， a Revolutionary War hero.The contents of the capsule， revealed during a ceremonial opening at the military school， included six silver American coins dating from 1795 and 1828， as well as a medal commemorating （纪念） the Erie Canal from 1826.
While the live opening event did not provide the expected glimpse into historical military objects or documents， it has deepened the mystery surrounding the purpose of the time capsule.The discovery of these valuable coins and medal supports the theory that the box was buried by the military students sometime between 1828 and 1829.Additional research will be conducted to explore other potential surprises within the capsule.
The preservation and investigation of the time capsule hold immense historical value， casting light on the past and connecting the present generation with the stories and legacy of those who came before.Archeologist Paul Hudson， despite the initial letdown， remains optimistic about the ongoing research possibilities and the potential insights awaiting discovery.
As experts explore further into the remains of the time capsule， they aim to uncover any remaining artifacts and gain a better understanding of the time period and the motivations behind burying this historical treasure.The challenge lies in preserving and studying the fragile materials， considering the potential damage caused by moisture and the passage of nearly two centuries.
The exploration of this time capsule serves as a reminder of our shared history and the importance of preserving and celebrating the contributions and sacrifices made by those who paved the way for future generations.The story of the West Point time capsule continues to capture the imagination of historians， researchers， and the public， as they eagerly await further discoveries and insights from this extraordinary find.
1.What does the underlined word “palpable” in Paragraph 1 mean？（ ）
A.Apparent. B.Unreasonable.
C.Lasting. D.Impossible.
2.What does the discovery of the coins and medal confirm about the time capsule？（ ）
A.It was placed to commemorate the Erie Canal.
B.It was buried during the Revolutionary War.
C.It was treated well as a gift from a foreign country.
D.It was likely buried by military students in the 1800s.
3.What is Paul Hudson planning to do next with the remains of the time capsule？（ ）
A.Donate them to a museum.
B.Sell them to collectors.
C.Bury them again for future generations.
D.Continue studying them for further insights.
4.Why is preserving and studying the materials from the time capsule challenging？（ ）
A.They are difficult to analyze due to their small size.
B.They may have been seriously damaged over the two centuries.
C.They had been heavily damaged before the capsule was buried.
D.The time capsule had been placed in a remote and inaccessible location.
B
While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala， researchers detected an ancient Maya site.“We can now see the entire landscape of the Maya region in this section of Guatemala”， said Carlos Morales-Aguilar， one of the researchers from the Department of Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.
The findings were the result of the survey using lidar （雷达）， or light detection and ranging， which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites.In lidar， lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to create imagery of a landscape.The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in Maya site， as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy， the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.
“The lidar data showed for the first time an area that was integrated politically and economically， and never seen before in other places in the Western Hemisphere （西半球），” Carlos wrote in the study.Using data from the scans， the team identified more than 1，000 settlements dotting the region.They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways that the Maya likely traveled on foot.They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids， along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.
So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to settle there in the first place？
“For the Maya， the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the ‘Goldilocks Zone’，” Ross Ensley wrote， partner of Carlos， a geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in Houston， Texas.“The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.” Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs.They provided a source for limestone， their primary building material， and dry land to live on.The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps （沼泽）， which provided space for wetland agriculture as well as organic-rich soil for use in terraced agriculture.
Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.
5.Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey？（ ）
A.It detects a wide range of lasers.
B.It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C.It passes lights through forests easily.
D.It improves the visibility of rainforests.
6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（ ）
A.Why Maya drew great attention.
B.How Maya people made a living.
C.The research process after surveying the Maya.
D.The findings through observing the Maya region.
7.What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley？（ ）
A.They transformed the land to survive.
B.They were good at upland agriculture.
C.They preferred to build houses using limestone.
D.They made a sound choice about where to settle.
8.Which is the best title for the text？（ ）
A.The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People
B.The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization
C.Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements
D.Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests
C
Built during the Hellenistic period （希腊化时代）， sometime between 324 BC and 246 BC， the Great Library of Alexandria is said to be an architectural wonder of ancient Egypt.More importantly， the library housed a vast collection of works from all across the ancient world and was a major center of scholarship.The library was charged with an important task of collecting all of the world’s books， and employed many methods to acquire new works.A well-funded acquisitions department searched the book fairs of Rhodes and Athens， buying individual texts or even whole libraries.Ships that landed at the harbor of Alexandria were searched for books to add to the library’s collection.The library also employed a number of scholars who produced original works on subjects such as astronomy， mathematics， and physics.
In addition， the workers and scholars of the Great Library translated texts from around the world into Greek.Some of the first translations of Biblical texts into Greek may have taken place at the library in the time of Ptolemy Ⅰ.Much work was done to edit authoritative versions （权威版） of the Homeric myths （荷马时代的神话） for which the Greeks are so well known today， and these were only a few of the great works of translation and editing that took place in Alexandria in the Hellenistic period.
It is ironic （讽刺的） that the fate of the Great Library — an institution devoted to the collection and preservation of knowledge — is covered in myth and mystery.Many sources say the library burned down， but the date is uncertain.It may have burned down more than once， either by accident or design.Smaller sister institutions may have survived the original library， only to be destroyed later.The Great Library， or some version of it， could have survived for anywhere between 300 and 1，000 years.However it ended， there can be little doubt that the scholarship of the Great Library had a great and lasting effect on history， and the works that were kept， translated， or created there have had a great influence on our culture even to the present day.
9.What can be inferred from the text about the Great Library？（ ）
A.It was mainly financed by Ptolemy Ⅰ.
B.Some works of it survived to the present day.
C.Most Greek myths were originally created at it.
D.It aimed to become the world’s knowledge center.
10.How does the author explain the translation and editing work of the Great Library？（ ）
A.By giving examples.
B.By following space order.
C.By describing the difference.
D.By analyzing cause and effect.
11.What does the author think of the Great Library？（ ）
A.It was too mysterious to be true.
B.It was influential and valuable.
C.It inspired modern libraries.
D.It wasted too much money.
12.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.The Great Library’s brief history.
B.The Great Library’s disappearance.
C.The effect of two ancient civilizations.
D.The role of libraries throughout history.
Ⅱ.语法填空
The construction work finally began on a new branch of the Palace Museum， 13. the Forbidden City after almost a decade of preparation work.Located in Xiyuhe， 14. village in Haidian district， about 30 kilometers from the Forbidden City， the northern branch will include an exhibition space 15. （cover） over 60，000 square meters for cultural relics.More than 35，000 square meters will also be provided for relic restoration work.The construction work is expected to cost 2.1 billion yuan.
The Forbidden City was China’s royal palace during the Ming and Qing 16. （dynasty）.The year after China’s last emperor， Puyi， 17. （leave） the royal residence in 1924， it became a public museum.
Over 1.86 million cultural relics are now housed in the museum， which accounts for 40 per cent of the country’s 18. （high） Level-1 cultural relics.However， lack 19. exhibition spaces and outdated offices have 20. （great） bothered administrators of the museum for long.It is estimated that only 10，000 cultural relics can 21. （move） out of the museum’s warehouses for public viewing each year.This makes a new branch very necessary.
The proposal to build a northern branch of the museum was first made in 2013.A blueprint， 22. included elements of red walls and golden roofs of the Forbidden City into the modern structure， won the bid for the project.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.abandoned 2.dismissed 3.civilisation 4.buried
5.Astronomy
维度二
1.mysterious 2.expansion 3.abandoned 4.buried
5.Applicants
维度三
1.fell into ruin
2.correspond to/with
3.all the more
4.at its peak
5.on top of
6.whatever the weather （is）
7.that he has not been seen recently
8.bringing about several cases of wildfire
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。美国西点军校打开了一个拥有将近两百年历史的时间胶囊，其中包含了一些珍贵的硬币和奖章。这一发现引发了人们对历史的好奇和探索。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，人们对于发现这个时间胶囊的情感与态度，一开始当盒子里似乎只有泥土时，人们的失望应该是很“明显的”。由此推测，画线词意为“明显的”，与apparent意思相近。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，硬币和奖章的发现证实了时间胶囊很可能是在19世纪被军校学生埋下的。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，Paul Hudson对该研究进一步的发现持乐观的态度；再结合第五段第一句可推知，他计划继续研究时间胶囊的残骸以获得更深入的见解。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，保存和研究时间胶囊中的材料是一项挑战，因为它们可能在两个世纪中遭到严重损害。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处玛雅人遗址。文章介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的发现。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，研究人员在调查中使用激光雷达是因为它能轻易地将光线穿过森林。
6.D 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段介绍了在这个地区的发现，即通过观察玛雅地区而有的发现。
7.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中引述的Ross Ensley的话可推知，玛雅人对在哪里定居做出了明智的选择。
8.C 标题归纳题。根据文章首句，第二段首句并结合下文可知，文章主要说明了研究人员开创性地利用激光雷达技术探测出了一处玛雅人遗址，同时介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的发现。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚历山大图书馆，讲述了它曾经如何收集图书，以及没人知道它是如何消失的，并讲述了它的历史影响。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可推知，大图书馆的目标是变成世界上的知识中心。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，大图书馆的编辑和翻译工作是通过举例的方式进行说明的。
11.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为大图书馆是很有价值且影响深远的。
12.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述大图书馆建立之初的图书收集工作，第二段讲述大图书馆的编辑和翻译工作，第三段讲述了对大图书馆灭亡的推测以及大图书馆的重要性和历史影响。由此可知，本文主要对大图书馆的历史作了简单介绍。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇报道。筹备近十年之久的故宫博物院北院区正式破土动工，以更好地向大众展览故宫博物院的文物。
13.or 考查连词。故宫博物院又称紫禁城，所填词用于引出解释性词语，表示“或者说”，故填or。
14.a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指海淀区的一个村庄，应用不定冠词，且village的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
15.covering 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。动词cover与其逻辑主语an exhibition space之间为主动关系，故填covering。
16.dynasties 考查名词的单复数。根据空前的the Ming and Qing可知，此处指两个朝代，故填dynasties。
17.left 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处所在分句缺少谓语动词。根据下文的in 1924可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填left。
18.highest 考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，此处指现在故宫博物院里收藏了186万多件文物，占国家最高一级文物的40%，应用形容词的最高级，故填highest。
19.of 考查介词。lack of意为“缺乏”，为固定搭配，故填of。
20.greatly 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，所填词修饰谓语动词bothered，应用副词，故填greatly。
21.be moved 考查动词的语态。空处所在分句缺少谓语动词，主语only 10，000 cultural relics和所填词之间为被动关系，空前有can，故填be moved。
22.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词A blueprint指物，故填which。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
[1]Intrigued① by Maya civilisation② from a very young age， 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery③ from his study of ancient star charts.Through comparison④， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to⑤ the positions of the stars.Based on this， he believed he had spotted⑥ an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.[2] Although his theory has been dismissed⑦ by scholars， it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
It isn’t difficult to see why.Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America， Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya built impressive palaces and temples， including their representative⑧ step pyramids.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal power⑨.The Maya’s understanding of mathematics⑩ and astronomy was also quite amazing.They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar， which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.[3]On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time： a true writing system.It contained more than 800 characters ， [4]with some signs representing animals， people and objects and others representing syllables .It was a writing system so complicated that， so far， no one has been able to interpret it completely.
[1]Intrigued by ...为过去分词短语作原因状语，表示“被……所吸引”。
[2]本句为主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；how引导宾语从句。
[3]本句是一个完全倒装句。
[4]with的复合结构作状语。
[5]The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.[6]But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD， Maya civilisation was at its peak .Yet， within just a couple of generations ， it began to mysteriously decline .The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches ， the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements .
[5]本句中that引导同位语从句；另外，本句还包含一个“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，its achievements为宾语，all the more incredible and mysterious为宾语补足语。
[6]本句中what引导表语从句。
[7]Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Was it a natural disaster？ A deadly disease？ Conflicts between cities？ Or was it a combination of several different factors？ Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall .They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains， and had dug huge canal systems.As their population expanded， yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.[8]By changing the landscape in this way， it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD.This is likely to have led to a series of droughts， each lasting for a couple of years， including a “megadrought” around 900 AD.[9]Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.These droughts would have led to food shortages， conflicts and， ultimately， the downfall of the cities.
[10]Whatever the reasons， Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.Its once-great cities fell into ruin， [11]leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.Meanwhile， the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past， present and future.
[7]Why引导主语从句。
[8]本句含有主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
[9]本句中that引导宾语从句；why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason。
[10]Whatever引导让步状语从句，省略了be动词were。
[11]动词-ing短语作结果状语。
【读文清障】
①intrigue v.（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
②civilisation n.文明（社会）
③an incredible discovery
一个惊人的发现
④comparison n.对比，比较
⑤correspond to 与……相符；类似于
⑥spot v.发现
⑦dismiss v.拒绝考虑，否定
⑧representative adj.典型的，有代表性的
⑨power n.力量
⑩mathematics n.数学
astronomy n.天文学
apply v.应用
apply ...to ...
把……应用于……
accurate adj.精确的
character n.字母；符号
represent v.代表
syllable n.音节
interpret v.诠释；说明
primitive adj.原始的
at its peak在它的巅峰时期
a couple of generations几代
decline v.衰落，衰弱，衰败
riches n.[pl.]财富；财产
claim its riches索取它的财富
settlement n.定居点
collapse v.崩溃，瓦解；倒塌，坍塌
deadly adj.致命的
a combination of……的结合
indicate v.暗示；表明
downfall n.衰败
unknowingly adv.
未意识到地，不知不觉地
tropical cyclone热带气旋
the rise and fall 兴衰
【参考译文】
玛雅之迷
十五岁的加拿大少年威廉·甘德瑞自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。
这背后的原因不难发现。玛雅文明的范围从现今墨西哥的部分区域向南延伸至中美洲。自从19世纪玛雅文明再现，层层迷雾便一直围绕着它。玛雅人建造了恢宏的宫殿和庙宇，其中包括代表性建筑阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的认识也十分令人惊叹。他们将这一认识应用到了玛雅历中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。这种文字系统包含800多个字符，有些符号代表动物、人和物，其他代表音节。这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人可以将其完全解读。
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。到公元700年时，玛雅文明如日中天。然而，仅仅在几代之内，玛雅文明开始神秘地衰落。城市荒废，任凭丛林蚕食取代。16世纪早期，欧洲人来到中美洲攫取财富时，只剩下一些玛雅人居住在小型聚居区里。
玛雅文明衰落的原因一直是一个谜团。究竟是因为自然灾害、致死疾病、城市间的冲突、抑或是几个不同因素叠加所致？某些研究似乎暗示，玛雅人自己也许就是导致衰落的掘墓人。他们将湿地变成了种植庄稼的田地，还开凿了巨大的运河系统。随着人口增长，人们需要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
研究也表明，那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。最近一些研究发现，公元700年到公元1000年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少于往常。这可能导致了一系列旱灾，每一次旱灾都持续若干年，其中就包括公元900年的一场“百年不遇的旱灾”。许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。这些旱灾会导致食物短缺、冲突发生，最终导致城市的衰败。
无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury？（ ）
A.To introduce Maya civilisation.
B.To amuse the readers.
C.To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
D.To inform us of the location of the Maya city.
2.Which of the following is WRONG about Maya civilisation？（ ）
A.The Maya had a knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.
B.Step pyramids were built without using metal tools.
C.Its writing system is so complicated that fewer can interpret it.
D.The Maya built impressive palaces and temples.
3.What can we infer from Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.The Maya made their achievements with the modern technology.
B.Europeans defeated Maya people and the civilisation declined.
C.The Maya cities had disappeared before the early 16th century.
D.Maya civilisation was at its peak by 700 AD.
4.What is the essential reason of the downfall of Maya cities？（ ）
A.Conflicts.
B.Food shortages.
C.Droughts.
D.Tropical cyclones.
5.What can’t we know from the passage？（ ）
A.Maya civilisation made a difference to our modern society.
B.Both human causes and natural causes led to Maya civilisation disappearing.
C.People still can’t solve the mystery of Maya civilisation.
D.By 700 BC， the Maya civilisation was at its peak.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the second paragraph and find the sentence that shows what is different.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
句式分析 句中that引导 从句，makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious为“make＋ （its achievement）＋ （all the more incredible and mysterious）”结构。
自主翻译
2.Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.
句式分析 句中that引导 从句，作believe的 ；该从句中又包含了一个why引导的 从句，why在从句中作 状语。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
correspond to 与……相符；类似于
【教材原句】 Through comparison， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。
【用法】
（1）correspond with 与……通信；与……相一致 （2）correspondence n. 来往信件；通信 correspondence with sb 与某人的通信/通信联系 in correspondence 通信
【佳句】 The reality does not always correspond to/with our expectations.
现实并不总是与我们的期望相符。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I used to correspond my friends while now the Internet is more convenient.
②The editor welcomes （correspond） from readers on any subject.
【写美】 补全句子
③In brief， the American Congress the British Parliament.
简而言之，美国的国会相当于英国的议会。
bury v.将……埋在下面，埋葬；埋藏；遮盖，掩盖；掩藏（感情、错误等）；使陷入
【教材原句】 Based on this， he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。
【用法】
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands 用手捂住脸/头 埋头于/专心于……
【佳句】 She decided to bury the secret deep within herself.
她决定把这个秘密埋藏在内心深处。
【联想】 “专心于”的其他表达方式
be absorbed in， absorb oneself in， be lost in， be devoted to， devote oneself to， concentrate on， focus on
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Yuan Longping buried himself the development of the hybrid rice and made great achievements.
【写美】 一句多译
②由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。
→ ，he knew nothing about the outside world.（动词-ing短语作状语）
→ ， he knew nothing about the outside world.（过去分词短语作状语）
apply ...to ...把……应用于……；把……涂/敷到……上
【教材原句】 They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar， which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.他们将这一认识应用到了玛雅历中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。
【用法】
（1）apply to 适用于 apply （to sb） for （向某人）申请；请示得到 apply oneself to （doing） sth 专心/致力于（做）某事 （2）applicant n. 申请人 （3）application n. 申请（书）；应用；用途
【佳句】 After graduation from university， I’ll apply what I have learned to everyday life.大学毕业后，我将把我所学的东西应用到日常生活中。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We’ve applied a charitable organization a grant for the project.
②There are too many （apply）， it might be too competitive to get the job.
③She has received a response from that college to her （apply）.
【写美】 补全句子
④If you the job in hand，you will soon finish it.
如果你专心于手头的工作，你很快就会完成的。
on top of 除……之外
【教材原句】 On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time： a true writing system.
除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
【用法】
on top of the world 极度开心 from top to bottom 完完全全，彻底地 off the top of my head 不假思索 at the top of 在……顶端
【佳句】 On top of everything else， my car’s been stolen.
我所有的东西都被盗，连汽车也给偷走了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①At the sight of the snake， she screamed the top of her voice.
②Before the Spring Festival， every family often makes an effort to clean the house top to bottom.
③After winning the school’s basketball championship， our team was top of the world.
expand v.使变大；伸展；扩大，扩展；增加
【教材原句】 As their population expanded， yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.
随着人口增长，人们需要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。
【用法】
（1）expand into 扩展/发展成 expand ...into ... 将……扩展/发展成…… expand on/upon 详述；详细阐明 expand the business 扩展业务 expand the vocabulary 增加词汇量 （2）expansion n. 扩大；增加
【佳句】 At present， the number of students is expanding rapidly.
目前，学生人数正在迅速增加。
The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.
该酒店想添一个游泳池来拓展业务。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①By next year we would like to expand the American market.
②China’s economy has sustained its （expand） in the first two months of the year.
【写美】 补全句子
③Could you that point， please？ Your boss is not satisfied with the report.
请你把那一点详细说明一下好吗？你的老板对这份报告不满意。
④The writer is struggling to .
这位作家正尽力把他的故事扩展成一本小说。
ruin n.残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
【教材原句】 Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
【用法】
（1）in ruins 破败不堪；严重受损 fall/come into ruin 成为废墟，被毁掉；衰落，败落 （2）ruin one’s hope 毁掉某人的希望 ruin one’s chance 毁掉某人的机会 ruin one’s health 毁掉某人的健康 ruin one’s fame 毁掉某人的名誉 （3）be/lie in ruins 成为废墟，崩溃，垮掉 leave sth in ruins 使……成为废墟
【佳句】 He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.
他决心在事业的废墟上开创新生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The whole town （ruin） by the heavy storm last night.
②Today there are still castles all over the country.Some are in （ruin）.
【写美】 一句多译
③雨天持续了几日，破坏了我们去野餐的计划。
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days， our plan for a picnic.
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days， our plan for a picnic.
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days our plan for a picnic.
abandon v.离弃，逃离；放弃，抛弃，遗弃；丢弃；终止；打消 n.放任，放纵
【教材原句】 But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。
【用法】
（1）abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to 沉溺于……，纵情于……（to为介词） （2）with abandon 无约束地，放任地 （3）abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；被抛弃的；废弃的 be abandoned to 沉湎于……
【佳句】 Last term， he abandoned himself to playing Internet games and didn’t pass the final exam.
＝Last term， he was abandoned to playing Internet games and didn’t pass the final exam.上学期，他沉湎于玩网络游戏，没能通过期末考试。
【点津】 abandon作为动词，表示“放弃”，强调永远或完全放弃；作为名词，表示“放任，放纵”，强调行为不受约束，自由自在。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Finally， after a long hike， we ended up in an （abandon） village.
②In spite of the difficulties， the young man never abandoned （study） English.
③The kids are playing jokes abandon.
④At the entrance to the hospital， I was surprised to see a baby girl （abandon） by her parents.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤The boy when he was a baby， so he tended to despair when meeting trouble in life.
这个男孩还是个婴儿的时候就被父母遗弃了，所以在生活中遇到困难时他很容易陷入绝望。
dismiss v.拒绝考虑，否定；消除，摒除（思想、感情等）；解雇，开除
【教材原句】 Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars， it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。
【用法】
（1）dismiss sb/sth as （n./adj.） 认为……；把……当作…… dismiss ...from ... 从……中排除/摒除（思想、感情等） dismiss sb from one’s position 免去某人的职务 （2）dismissal n. 解雇，开除；不予考虑，摒弃
【佳句】 Dismissing her fears， she climbed higher.Soon， she climbed to the top of the rock wall.她消除了恐惧，爬得更高了。很快，她爬到了岩石墙的顶端。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He was threatened with （dismiss） if he continued to turn up late for work.
②She tried to dismiss him her mind.
③The manager decided to dismiss the employee his position.
【写美】 补全句子
④He the opinion polls in the past.
他过去认为民意测验毫无用处。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：动词-ing短语作结果状语
【教材原句】 Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
【用法】
（1）句中动词-ing短语作结果状语表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果。 （2）动词不定式也可以作结果状语，但多表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面加上only，以加强语气。
【品悟】 His parents both went to work abroad， leaving him living with his grandparents.他父母都去国外工作了，留下他与爷爷奶奶一起生活。
【写美】 微写作
梅兰芳在将京剧推向世界的过程中发挥了关键作用，使其获得了今天的国际地位和认可。（人物介绍）
Mei Lanfang played a key role in bringing Peking Opera to the world，
that it has today.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.complex structures 2.applied 3.accurate
4.complicated 5.changing 6.deal with 7.droughts
第二步
1－5 ACCCD
第三步
What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal power.
第四步
1.同位语 宾语 宾语补足语 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
2.宾语 宾语 定语 原因 许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①with ②correspondence ③corresponds to
2.①in ②Burying himself in his lessons； Buried in his lessons
3.①to； for ②applicants ③application
④apply yourself to
4.①at ②from ③on
5.①into ②expansion ③expand on/upon ④expand his story into a novel
6.①was ruined ②ruins ③ruining； which ruined； so that it ruined
7.①abandoned ②studying ③with ④abandoned
⑤was abandoned by his parents； abandon himself to
8.①dismissal ②from ③from ④dismissed； as worthless
重点句型解构
leading to the international status and recognition
10 / 10(共109张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
[1]Intrigued① by Maya civilisation② from a very young age， 15-
year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible
discovery③ from his study of ancient star charts.Through comparison④，
he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to⑤
the positions of the stars.Based on this， he believed he had spotted⑥ an
unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.[2] Although his theory has
been dismissed⑦ by scholars， it shows how powerful the secrets of
Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
It isn’t difficult to see why.Extending south from parts of what we
now know as Mexico into Central America， Maya civilisation has been
surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya
built impressive palaces and temples， including their representative⑧ step
pyramids.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is
how they were built without the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal
power⑨.The Maya’s understanding of mathematics⑩ and astronomy
was also quite amazing.They applied this understanding to the Maya
calendar，
which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.[3]On top of all this
was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time： a true writing
system.It contained more than 800 characters ， [4]with some signs
representing animals， people and objects and others representing
syllables .It was a writing system so complicated that， so far， no one
has been able to interpret it completely.
[1]Intrigued by ...为过去分词短语作原因状语，表示“被……
所吸引”。
[2]本句为主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；how引导宾
语从句。
[3]本句是一个完全倒装句。
[4]with的复合结构作状语。
【读文清障】
①intrigue v.（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
②civilisation n.文明（社会）
③an incredible discovery一个惊人的发现
④comparison n.对比，比较
⑤correspond to 与……相符；类似于
⑥spot v.发现
⑦dismiss v.拒绝考虑，否定
⑧representative adj.典型的，有代表性的
⑨power n.力量
⑩mathematics n.数学
astronomy n.天文学
apply v.应用
apply ...to ...把……应用于……
accurate adj.精确的
character n.字母；符号
represent v.代表
syllable n.音节
interpret v.诠释；说明
[5]The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes
its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.[6]But the
greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their
great cities. By 700 AD， Maya civilisation was at its peak .Yet，
within just a couple of generations ， it began to mysteriously decline
.The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans
arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches ，
the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements .
[5]本句中that引导同位语从句；另外，本句还包含一个“make
＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，its achievements为宾语，all the more
incredible and mysterious为宾语补足语。
[6]本句中what引导表语从句。
primitive adj.原始的
at its peak在它的巅峰时期
a couple of generations几代
decline v.衰落，衰弱，衰败
riches n.[pl.]财富；财产
claim its riches索取它的财富
settlement n.定居点
[7]Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Was it a
natural disaster？ A deadly disease？ Conflicts between cities？ Or was
it a combination of several different factors？ Some research seems to
indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their
downfall .They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains， and
had dug huge canal systems.As their population expanded， yet more land
was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.[8]By
changing the landscape in this way， it is possible that the Maya people
unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the
decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have found that there were far
fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is
likely to have led to a series of droughts， each lasting for a couple of
years， including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. [9]Many scientists
believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation
began to collapse at different rates in different places.These droughts
would have led to food shortages， conflicts and， ultimately， the
downfall of the cities.
[10]Whatever the reasons， Maya civilisation largely disappeared
within the deep jungle.Its once-great cities fell into ruin， [11]leaving
various mysteries for later people to solve.Meanwhile， the rise and fall
of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，
present and future.
[7]Why引导主语从句。
[8]本句含有主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
[9]本句中that引导宾语从句；why引导定语从句，修饰先行词
reason。
[10]Whatever引导让步状语从句，省略了be动词were。
[11]动词-ing短语作结果状语。
collapse v.崩溃，瓦解；倒塌，坍塌
deadly adj.致命的
a combination of……的结合
indicate v.暗示；表明
downfall n.衰败
unknowingly adv.未意识到地，不知不觉地
tropical cyclone热带气旋
the rise and fall 兴衰
【参考译文】
玛雅之迷
十五岁的加拿大少年威廉·甘德瑞自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他
认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。通过比较，他发现
117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。据此，他相信
自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。尽管学
者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们
心中是如此举足轻重。
这背后的原因不难发现。玛雅文明的范围从现今墨西哥的部分区
域向南延伸至中美洲。自从19世纪玛雅文明再现，层层迷雾便一直围
绕着它。玛雅人建造了恢宏的宫殿和庙宇，其中包括代表性建筑阶梯
金字塔。这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属
工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。玛雅人对数学和
天文学的认识也十分令人惊叹。他们将这一认识应用到了玛雅历中，
该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。除此之外，还有一项当
时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。这种文字系统包含800多
个字符，有些符号代表动物、人和物，其他代表音节。这种文字系统
很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人可以将其完全解读。
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更
加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大
部分的大城市。到公元700年时，玛雅文明如日中天。然而，仅仅在
几代之内，玛雅文明开始神秘地衰落。城市荒废，任凭丛林蚕食取
代。16世纪早期，欧洲人来到中美洲攫取财富时，只剩下一些玛雅人
居住在小型聚居区里。
玛雅文明衰落的原因一直是一个谜团。究竟是因为自然灾害、致
死疾病、城市间的冲突、抑或是几个不同因素叠加所致？某些研究似
乎暗示，玛雅人自己也许就是导致衰落的掘墓人。他们将湿地变成了
种植庄稼的田地，还开凿了巨大的运河系统。随着人口增长，人们需
要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。通过这样改变
地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
研究也表明，那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。最近一
些研究发现，公元700年到公元1000年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少
于往常。这可能导致了一系列旱灾，每一次旱灾都持续若干年，其中
就包括公元900年的一场“百年不遇的旱灾”。许多科学家认为，这
些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。这些旱灾
会导致食物短缺、冲突发生，最终导致城市的衰败。
无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。曾经恢宏的城
市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。同时，玛雅文明的崛起与
衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story
about William Gadoury？（ ）
A. To introduce Maya civilisation.
B. To amuse the readers.
C. To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
D. To inform us of the location of the Maya city.
2. Which of the following is WRONG about Maya civilisation？（ ）
A. The Maya had a knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.
B. Step pyramids were built without using metal tools.
C. Its writing system is so complicated that fewer can interpret it.
D. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples.
3. What can we infer from Paragraph 3？（ ）
A. The Maya made their achievements with the modern technology.
B. Europeans defeated Maya people and the civilisation declined.
C. The Maya cities had disappeared before the early 16th century.
D. Maya civilisation was at its peak by 700 AD.
4. What is the essential reason of the downfall of Maya cities？（ ）
A. Conflicts. B. Food shortages.
C. Droughts. D. Tropical cyclones.
5. What can’t we know from the passage？（ ）
A. Maya civilisation made a difference to our modern society.
B. Both human causes and natural causes led to Maya civilisation
disappearing.
C. People still can’t solve the mystery of Maya civilisation.
D. By 700 BC， the Maya civilisation was at its peak.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the second paragraph and find the sentence that shows what is
different.
What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they
were built without the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal power.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its
achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
句式分析 句中that引导 从句，makes its achievements all
the more incredible and mysterious为“make＋ （its
achievement）＋ （all the more incredible and
mysterious）”结构。
自主翻译
同位语
宾语
宾语补足语
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的
种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
2. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why
Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.
句式分析 句中that引导 从句，作believe的 ；该从
句中又包含了一个why引导的 从句，why在从句中作
状语。
自主翻译
宾语
宾语
定语
原
因
许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以
不同速度衰落的主要原因。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
correspond to 与……相符；类似于
【教材原句】 Through comparison， he found that the locations of the
117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应
的。
【用法】
（1）correspond with 与……通信；与……相一致
（2）correspondence n. 来往信件；通信
correspondence with sb 与某人的通信/通信联系
in correspondence 通信
【佳句】 The reality does not always correspond to/with our
expectations.
现实并不总是与我们的期望相符。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I used to correspond my friends while now the Internet is more
convenient.
②The editor welcomes （correspond） from readers
on any subject.
with
correspondence
【写美】 补全句子
③In brief， the American Congress the British
Parliament.
简而言之，美国的国会相当于英国的议会。
corresponds to
bury v.将……埋在下面，埋葬；埋藏；遮盖，掩盖；掩藏（感情、
错误等）；使陷入
【教材原句】 Based on this， he believed he had spotted an unknown
Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的
位置。
【用法】
【佳句】 She decided to bury the secret deep within herself.她决定把
这个秘密埋藏在内心深处。
【联想】 “专心于”的其他表达方式
be absorbed in， absorb oneself in， be lost in， be devoted to， devote
oneself to， concentrate on， focus on
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Yuan Longping buried himself the development of the hybrid rice
and made great achievements.
in
【写美】 一句多译
②由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。
→ ，he knew nothing about the outside
world.（动词-ing短语作状语）
→ ， he knew nothing about the outside world.
（过去分词短语作状语）
Burying himself in his lessons
Buried in his lessons
apply ...to ...把……应用于……；把……涂/敷到……上
【教材原句】 They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，
which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.
他们将这一认识应用到了玛雅历中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差
不超过30秒。
【用法】
（1）apply to 适用于
apply （to sb） for （向某人）申请；请示得到
apply oneself to （doing） sth 专心/致力于（做）某事
（2）applicant n. 申请人
（3）application n. 申请（书）；应用；用途
【佳句】 After graduation from university， I’ll apply what I have
learned to everyday life.
大学毕业后，我将把我所学的东西应用到日常生活中。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We’ve applied a charitable organization a grant for the
project.
②There are too many （apply）， it might be too
competitive to get the job.
③She has received a response from that college to her
（apply）.
to
for
applicants
application
【写美】 补全句子
④If you the job in hand，you will soon finish it.
如果你专心于手头的工作，你很快就会完成的。
apply yourself to
on top of 除……之外
【教材原句】 On top of all this was an achievement unique in the
Americas at that time： a true writing system.除此之外，还有一项当时
美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
【用法】
on top of the world 极度开心
from top to bottom 完完全全，彻底地
off the top of my head 不假思索
at the top of 在……顶端
【佳句】 On top of everything else， my car’s been stolen.我所有的
东西都被盗，连汽车也给偷走了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①At the sight of the snake， she screamed the top of her voice.
②Before the Spring Festival， every family often makes an effort to clean
the house top to bottom.
③After winning the school’s basketball championship， our team
was top of the world.
at
from
on
expand v.使变大；伸展；扩大，扩展；增加
【教材原句】 As their population expanded， yet more land was
needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.随着人口增长，人
们需要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。
【用法】
（1）expand into 扩展/发展成
expand ...into ... 将……扩展/发展成……
expand on/upon 详述；详细阐明
expand the business 扩展业务
expand the vocabulary 增加词汇量
（2）expansion n. 扩大；增加
【佳句】 At present， the number of students is expanding rapidly.
目前，学生人数正在迅速增加。
The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.该酒
店想添一个游泳池来拓展业务。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①By next year we would like to expand the American market.
②China’s economy has sustained its （expand） in the
first two months of the year.
into
expansion
【写美】 补全句子
③Could you that point， please？ Your boss is not
satisfied with the report.
请你把那一点详细说明一下好吗？你的老板对这份报告不满意。
④The writer is struggling to .这位作家
正尽力把他的故事扩展成一本小说。
expand on/upon
expand his story into a novel
ruin n.残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
【教材原句】 Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various
mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
【用法】
（1）in ruins 破败不堪；严重受损
fall/come into ruin 成为废墟，被毁掉；衰落，败落
（2）ruin one’s hope 毁掉某人的希望
ruin one’s chance 毁掉某人的机会
ruin one’s health 毁掉某人的健康
ruin one’s fame 毁掉某人的名誉
（3）be/lie in ruins 成为废墟，崩溃，垮掉
leave sth in ruins 使……成为废墟
【佳句】 He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his
career.
他决心在事业的废墟上开创新生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The whole town （ruin） by the heavy storm last night.
②Today there are still castles all over the country.Some are in
（ruin）.
was ruined
ruins
【写美】 一句多译
③雨天持续了几日，破坏了我们去野餐的计划。
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days， our plan for a
picnic.
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days， our plan
for a picnic.
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days our plan
for a picnic.
ruining
which ruined
so that it ruined
abandon v.离弃，逃离；放弃，抛弃，遗弃；丢弃；终止；打消 n.
放任，放纵
【教材原句】 But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to
abandon most of their great cities.
但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。
【用法】
（1）abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to 沉溺于……，纵情于……（to为介词）
（2）with abandon 无约束地，放任地
（3）abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；被抛弃的；废弃的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
【佳句】 Last term， he abandoned himself to playing Internet games
and didn’t pass the final exam.
＝Last term， he was abandoned to playing Internet games and didn’t
pass the final exam.
上学期，他沉湎于玩网络游戏，没能通过期末考试。
【点津】 abandon作为动词，表示“放弃”，强调永远或完全放弃；
作为名词，表示“放任，放纵”，强调行为不受约束，自由自在。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Finally， after a long hike， we ended up in an
（abandon） village.
abandoned
②In spite of the difficulties， the young man never
abandoned （study） English.
③The kids are playing jokes abandon.
④At the entrance to the hospital， I was surprised to see a baby
girl （abandon） by her parents.
studying
with
abandoned
【写美】 补全句子
⑤The boy when he was a baby， so he
tended to despair when meeting trouble in life.
这个男孩还是个婴儿的时候就被父母遗弃了，所以在生活中遇到困难
时他很容易陷入绝望。
was abandoned by his parents
abandon himself to
dismiss v.拒绝考虑，否定；消除，摒除（思想、感情等）；解雇，
开除
【教材原句】 Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars， it
shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among
people.
尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人
们心中是如此举足轻重。
【用法】
（1）dismiss sb/sth as （n./adj.） 认为……；把……当作……
dismiss ...from ... 从……中排除/摒除（思想、感情等）
dismiss sb from one’s position 免去某人的职务
（2）dismissal n. 解雇，开除；不予考虑，摒弃
【佳句】 Dismissing her fears， she climbed higher.Soon， she
climbed to the top of the rock wall.她消除了恐惧，爬得更高了。很快，
她爬到了岩石墙的顶端。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He was threatened with （dismiss） if he continued to
turn up late for work.
②She tried to dismiss him her mind.
③The manager decided to dismiss the employee his position.
dismissal
from
from
【写美】 补全句子
④He the opinion polls in the past.
他过去认为民意测验毫无用处。
dismissed
as worthless
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：动词-ing短语作结果状语
【教材原句】 Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various
mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
【用法】
（1）句中动词-ing短语作结果状语表示由前面的事情引起的一种自
然而然的结果。
（2）动词不定式也可以作结果状语，但多表示出乎意料的结果，有
时前面加上only，以加强语气。
【品悟】 His parents both went to work abroad， leaving him living
with his grandparents.他父母都去国外工作了，留下他与爷爷奶奶一
起生活。
【写美】 微写作
梅兰芳在将京剧推向世界的过程中发挥了关键作用，使其获得了今天
的国际地位和认可。（人物介绍）
Mei Lanfang played a key role in bringing Peking Opera to the
world， that it has
today.
leading to the international status and recognition
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The lost car was found （遗弃） in the woods off the
highway.
2. The case was （拒绝） in the absence of any definite
proof.
3. He described the landing as a big step for human （文
明）.
abandoned
dismissed
civilisation
4. So b was she in doing work that she didn’t notice it got dark
outside.
5. A is the scientific study of the stars， planets， and other
natural objects in space.
uried
stronomy
维度二：词形转换
1. The universe is very （mystery），and it is full of
temptation.
2. The book is an （expand） of a series of lectures given
last year.
3. We saw （abandon） farms which were built more than
a hundred years ago.
4. I found him （bury） in reading the novel when I came in
the room， making no response to my questions.
5. （apply） are selected for jobs based on the results of a
competitive examination.
mysterious
expansion
abandoned
buried
Applicants
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Its once-great cities （成为废墟）， leaving various
mysteries.
2. Their conclusions do not （与……相符） the
original.
3. Because of their courage， daring and idealism， we will miss
them （更加）.
4. As we know， the British Empire was （在鼎盛时期）
in the mid 19th century.
fell into ruin
correspond to/with
all the more
at its peak
5. The concert was terrible， and （除……之外） all
that， the tickets were really expensive.
6. We’ll set off tomorrow， （无论天
气如何）.
7. The fact （近来谁也没有见过
他） disturbs everyone in his office.
8. The temperature keeps rising and no rain falls，
（引发了几场野火）.
on top of
whatever the weather （is）
that he has not been seen recently
bringing about
several cases of wildfire
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The recently opened time capsule at the US Military Academy West
Point has sparked excitement and curiosity.Although the initial
disappointment was palpable when the box seemed to contain only dirt，
the discovery of hidden treasures has reawakened interest in the historical
significance of the artifacts.
The time capsule， believed to have been placed by West Point
military students， was found inside the base of a memorial dedicated to
Thaddeus Kosciuszko， a Revolutionary War hero.The contents of the
capsule， revealed during a ceremonial opening at the military school，
included six silver American coins dating from 1795 and 1828， as well as
a medal commemorating （纪念） the Erie Canal from 1826.
While the live opening event did not provide the expected glimpse
into historical military objects or documents， it has deepened the mystery
surrounding the purpose of the time capsule.The discovery of these
valuable coins and medal supports the theory that the box was buried by the
military students sometime between 1828 and 1829.Additional research
will be conducted to explore other potential surprises within the capsule.
The preservation and investigation of the time capsule hold immense
historical value， casting light on the past and connecting the present
generation with the stories and legacy of those who came
before.Archeologist Paul Hudson， despite the initial letdown， remains
optimistic about the ongoing research possibilities and the potential insights
awaiting discovery.
As experts explore further into the remains of the time capsule， they
aim to uncover any remaining artifacts and gain a better understanding of
the time period and the motivations behind burying this historical
treasure.The challenge lies in preserving and studying the fragile
materials， considering the potential damage caused by moisture and the
passage of nearly two centuries.
The exploration of this time capsule serves as a reminder of our shared
history and the importance of preserving and celebrating the contributions
and sacrifices made by those who paved the way for future
generations.The story of the West Point time capsule continues to capture
the imagination of historians， researchers， and the public， as they
eagerly await further discoveries and insights from this extraordinary find.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。美国西点军校打开了一个拥有将
近两百年历史的时间胶囊，其中包含了一些珍贵的硬币和奖章。这
一发现引发了人们对历史的好奇和探索。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。美国西点军校打开了一个拥有将
近两百年历史的时间胶囊，其中包含了一些珍贵的硬币和奖章。这
一发现引发了人们对历史的好奇和探索。
1. What does the underlined word “palpable” in Paragraph 1 mean？
（ ）
A. Apparent. B. Unreasonable.
C. Lasting. D. Impossible.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，人们对于发现这
个时间胶囊的情感与态度，一开始当盒子里似乎只有泥土时，人们
的失望应该是很“明显的”。由此推测，画线词意为“明显的”，
与apparent意思相近。
2. What does the discovery of the coins and medal confirm about the time
capsule？（ ）
A. It was placed to commemorate the Erie Canal.
B. It was buried during the Revolutionary War.
C. It was treated well as a gift from a foreign country.
D. It was likely buried by military students in the 1800s.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，硬币和奖章的发
现证实了时间胶囊很可能是在19世纪被军校学生埋下的。
3. What is Paul Hudson planning to do next with the remains of the time
capsule？（ ）
A. Donate them to a museum.
B. Sell them to collectors.
C. Bury them again for future generations.
D. Continue studying them for further insights.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，Paul Hudson
对该研究进一步的发现持乐观的态度；再结合第五段第一句可推
知，他计划继续研究时间胶囊的残骸以获得更深入的见解。
4. Why is preserving and studying the materials from the time capsule
challenging？（ ）
A. They are difficult to analyze due to their small size.
B. They may have been seriously damaged over the two centuries.
C. They had been heavily damaged before the capsule was buried.
D. The time capsule had been placed in a remote and inaccessible
location.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，保存和研究时
间胶囊中的材料是一项挑战，因为它们可能在两个世纪中遭到严重
损害。
B
While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala，
researchers detected an ancient Maya site.“We can now see the entire
landscape of the Maya region in this section of Guatemala”， said Carlos
Morales-Aguilar， one of the researchers from the Department of
Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.
The findings were the result of the survey using lidar （雷达）， or
light detection and ranging， which has been revolutionary for studying
historic sites.In lidar， lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to
create imagery of a landscape.The technology is particularly beneficial in
areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in Maya site， as lasers
can enter the heavy tree canopy， the thick cover formed by the leafy
upper branches in a forest.
“The lidar data showed for the first time an area that was integrated
politically and economically， and never seen before in other places in the
Western Hemisphere （西半球），” Carlos wrote in the study.Using
data from the scans， the team identified more than 1，000 settlements
dotting the region.They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways
that the Maya likely traveled on foot.They also detected the remains of
several large platforms and pyramids， along with canals and reservoirs
used for water collection.
So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to
settle there in the first place？
“For the Maya， the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the
‘Goldilocks Zone’，” Ross Ensley wrote， partner of Carlos， a
geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in
Houston， Texas.“The Maya settled in this region because it had the
right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.”
Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs.They provided a source
for limestone， their primary building material， and dry land to live
on.The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps （沼泽）， which provided
space for wetland agriculture as well as organic-rich soil for use in terraced
agriculture.
Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of
Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处
玛雅人遗址。文章介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的发
现。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处
玛雅人遗址。文章介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的发
现。
5. Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey？（ ）
A. It detects a wide range of lasers.
B. It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C. It passes lights through forests easily.
D. It improves the visibility of rainforests.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，研究人员在调
查中使用激光雷达是因为它能轻易地将光线穿过森林。
6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（ ）
A. Why Maya drew great attention.
B. How Maya people made a living.
C. The research process after surveying the Maya.
D. The findings through observing the Maya region.
解析： 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段介绍了在这个地
区的发现，即通过观察玛雅地区而有的发现。
7. What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley？
（ ）
A. They transformed the land to survive.
B. They were good at upland agriculture.
C. They preferred to build houses using limestone.
D. They made a sound choice about where to settle.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中引述的Ross Ensley的话
可推知，玛雅人对在哪里定居做出了明智的选择。
8. Which is the best title for the text？（ ）
A. The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People
B. The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization
C. Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements
D. Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests
解析： 标题归纳题。根据文章首句，第二段首句并结合下文可
知，文章主要说明了研究人员开创性地利用激光雷达技术探测出了
一处玛雅人遗址，同时介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的
发现。
C
Built during the Hellenistic period （希腊化时代）， sometime
between 324 BC and 246 BC， the Great Library of Alexandria is said to
be an architectural wonder of ancient Egypt.More importantly， the
library housed a vast collection of works from all across the ancient world
and was a major center of scholarship.The library was charged with an
important task of collecting all of the world’s books， and employed
many methods to acquire new works.A well-funded acquisitions
department searched the book fairs of Rhodes and Athens， buying
individual texts or even whole libraries.Ships that landed at the harbor of
Alexandria were searched for books to add to the library’s collection.The
library also employed a number of scholars who produced original works
on subjects such as astronomy， mathematics， and physics.
In addition， the workers and scholars of the Great Library translated
texts from around the world into Greek.Some of the first translations of
Biblical texts into Greek may have taken place at the library in the time of
Ptolemy Ⅰ.Much work was done to edit authoritative versions （权威版）
of the Homeric myths （荷马时代的神话） for which the Greeks are so
well known today， and these were only a few of the great works of
translation and editing that took place in Alexandria in the Hellenistic
period.
It is ironic （讽刺的） that the fate of the Great Library — an
institution devoted to the collection and preservation of knowledge — is
covered in myth and mystery.Many sources say the library burned down，
but the date is uncertain.It may have burned down more than once， either
by accident or design.Smaller sister institutions may have survived the
original library， only to be destroyed later.The Great Library， or some
version of it， could have survived for anywhere between 300 and 1，000
years.However it ended， there can be little doubt that the scholarship of
the Great Library had a great and lasting effect on history， and the works
that were kept， translated， or created there have had a great influence on
our culture even to the present day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚历山大图书馆，讲述
了它曾经如何收集图书，以及没人知道它是如何消失的，并讲述了
它的历史影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚历山大图书馆，讲述
了它曾经如何收集图书，以及没人知道它是如何消失的，并讲述了
它的历史影响。
9. What can be inferred from the text about the Great Library？（ ）
A. It was mainly financed by Ptolemy Ⅰ.
B. Some works of it survived to the present day.
C. Most Greek myths were originally created at it.
D. It aimed to become the world’s knowledge center.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可推知，大图书馆
的目标是变成世界上的知识中心。
10. How does the author explain the translation and editing work of the
Great Library？（ ）
A. By giving examples.
B. By following space order.
C. By describing the difference.
D. By analyzing cause and effect.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，大图书馆
的编辑和翻译工作是通过举例的方式进行说明的。
11. What does the author think of the Great Library？（ ）
A. It was too mysterious to be true.
B. It was influential and valuable.
C. It inspired modern libraries.
D. It wasted too much money.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为
大图书馆是很有价值且影响深远的。
12. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. The Great Library’s brief history.
B. The Great Library’s disappearance.
C. The effect of two ancient civilizations.
D. The role of libraries throughout history.
解析： 主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述大图书馆建立之初的图
书收集工作，第二段讲述大图书馆的编辑和翻译工作，第三段讲
述了对大图书馆灭亡的推测以及大图书馆的重要性和历史影响。
由此可知，本文主要对大图书馆的历史作了简单介绍。
Ⅱ.语法填空
The construction work finally began on a new branch of the Palace
Museum， 13. the Forbidden City after almost a decade of
preparation work.Located in Xiyuhe， 14. village in
Haidian district， about 30 kilometers from the Forbidden City， the
northern branch will include an exhibition space 15.
（cover） over 60，000 square meters for cultural relics.More than 35，
000 square meters will also be provided for relic restoration work.The
construction work is expected to cost 2.1 billion yuan.
The Forbidden City was China’s royal palace during the Ming and
Qing 16. （dynasty）.The year after China’s last
emperor， Puyi， 17. （leave） the royal residence in
1924， it became a public museum.
Over 1.86 million cultural relics are now housed in the museum，
which accounts for 40 per cent of the country’s 18.
（high） Level-1 cultural relics.However， lack 19.
exhibition spaces and outdated offices have 20. （great）
bothered administrators of the museum for long.It is estimated that only
10，000 cultural relics can 21. （move） out of the
museum’s warehouses for public viewing each year.This makes a new
branch very necessary.
The proposal to build a northern branch of the museum was first made
in 2013.A blueprint， 22. included elements of red walls
and golden roofs of the Forbidden City into the modern structure， won
the bid for the project.
语篇解读：本文是一篇报道。筹备近十年之久的故宫博物院北院区
正式破土动工，以更好地向大众展览故宫博物院的文物。
13. or 考查连词。故宫博物院又称紫禁城，所填词用于引出解释性
词语，表示“或者说”，故填or。
语篇解读：本文是一篇报道。筹备近十年之久的故宫博物院北院区
正式破土动工，以更好地向大众展览故宫博物院的文物。
14. a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指海淀区的一个村庄，应用
不定冠词，且village的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
15. covering 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语
动词。动词cover与其逻辑主语an exhibition space之间为主动关系，故
填covering。
16. dynasties 考查名词的单复数。根据空前的the Ming and Qing可
知，此处指两个朝代，故填dynasties。
17. left 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处所在分句缺少谓
语动词。根据下文的in 1924可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事，应用
一般过去时，故填left。
18. highest 考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，此处指现在故宫
博物院里收藏了186万多件文物，占国家最高一级文物的40%，应用形
容词的最高级，故填highest。
19. of 考查介词。lack of意为“缺乏”，为固定搭配，故填of。
20. greatly 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，所填词修饰谓语动
词bothered，应用副词，故填greatly。
21. be moved 考查动词的语态。空处所在分句缺少谓语动词，主语
only 10，000 cultural relics和所填词之间为被动关系，空前有can，故
填be moved。
22. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导非限制性
定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词A blueprint指物，故填which。
谢谢观看！
