Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
check out， steer clear of， set out， throw oneself into， think twice， shrink from， look into， test the waters
1.Sometimes people get curious and want to .
2.He to do the experiment in the lab.
3.Several months ago， the police in Beijing several crime cases where personal information had been illegally sold.
4.What might make you about being so wasteful？
5.While there is no need for us to new situations， we should always think twice before rushing into things.
6.There are many good websites where you can the latest in the science world.
7.With a strong desire for English study， we reading English novels.
8.When you talk with an unfamiliar woman， you’d better age.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.Our country is developing at an amazing speed， which is .
我们的国家正在以惊人的速度发展，这是让我感到非常自豪的事情。
2.The question is to Beijing tomorrow.
问题是明天谁和我一起去北京。
3. depends on effort rather than luck.
一个人能否实现目标取决于努力而不是运气。
4.I didn’t come on time yesterday.That’s .
我昨天没有按时到。那是因为下了很大的雨。
5. the environment is being polluted by human beings.
毫无疑问，环境正在被人类污染。
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用适当的连接词填空。
There was an accident on the corner of the Roman Street this morning.No witness saw 1. on earth happened then.A car crashed into a truck but luckily no one got injured.2. will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are uncertain about 3. led to the accident.The truck driver looked as if he was guilty.He was too nervous to say a word.4. the police would do is figure out the truth as soon as possible.They said 5. it was difficult for them to judge 6. exactly should be to blame.7. this happened was still not clear.It was certain 8. the car driver was too tired to stop the car immediately.The car driver didn’t admit the fact 9. he was driving over the speed limit at the turning.The police doubted 10. what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Palestinian farmer Salman al-Nabahin was working in his garden in Gaza when he noticed that some of the new trees he’d planted on his land did not root properly.Curious about what might be causing the issue， al-Nabahin asked his son to help him start digging.
His son’s ax struck something hard.When the two men began to clear away the dirt， they discovered an item they did not recognize.A little Internet searching provided the answer to their mystery： They’d come across a Byzantine-era floor mosaic （拜占庭时期马赛克地画） featuring birds and other animals.
This happened six months ago.Now， archaeologists are hard at work studying the flooring to learn more about its secrets and civilization values.
The mosaic features 17 images of birds and other animals presented in bright colors.Archaeologists believe artists created the flooring sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries， though they don’t know whether the mosaic had religious origins.In total， the land covering the entire mosaic is about 500 square meters， and the mosaic itself measures about 23 square meters.Some parts of the mosaic appear to be damaged， likely from the roots of an old tree.
“These are the most beautiful mosaic floors discovered in Gaza， both in terms of the quality of the vivid representation and the complexity of the pattern，” says René Elter， an archaeologist in Jerusalem.“Never have mosaic floors of this precision in the patterns and richness of the colors been discovered in the Gaza Strip.”
The Gaza Strip， which is located between Israel and Egypt and was a busy trade route throughout history， is home to many ancient civilizations. The farmer and his son discovered the mosaic about a kilometer from the border with Israel. Archaeologists and other experts are concerned about the mosaic’s future because of the ongoing conflict there and a lack of funding for historical protection.
1.What led Salman al-Nabahin to the unexpected discovery？（ ）
A.His son’s constant digging work.
B.His decision to remove some new trees.
C.The improper growth of some new trees.
D.The appearance of some birds and other animals.
2.What can we learn about the mosaic？（ ）
A.Its origin has something to do with religion.
B.The time of its creation can be figured out.
C.It has been seriously damaged by digging work.
D.It reflects relationships between humans and animals.
3.What do René Elter’s words in the last but one paragraph show？（ ）
A.The history of the mosaic floors.
B.The great value of the mosaic floors.
C.The secrets hidden in the mosaic floors.
D.The difficulty in creating the mosaic floors.
4.What is some experts’ concern about the mosaic？（ ）
A.It may not be well protected.
B.It may be too large to carry.
C.It may cause regional conflicts.
D.It may lose its historical meaning.
B
Elephants are truly incredible （难以置信的） animals.12 August is World Elephant Day， which means to help save elephants.What do you know about elephants？ Here are some facts you may not know.
We know that elephants are large.But do you know that elephants often avoid eating a type of acacia tree （金合欢树）？ Because it is home to ants and an elephant doesn’t want to get the ants inside its trunk.Its trunk is full of sensitive endings.
Female elephants live in groups of about 15 elephants.The oldest in the group is the leader.She not only decides when and where they move but also determines when they rest all the year.Male elephants leave the female group between the age of 12 and 15.But they aren’t loners （孤独者）.They live in all-male groups.
Asian elephants don’t run.Running requires lifting all four feet at once.But elephants filmed in Thailand always keep at least two on the ground at all times.
Elephants have passed the mirror test.They recognize themselves in a mirror.According to tests， great apes， and dolphins also have this ability.
Elephants can get sunburned so they can take care to protect themselves.“Elephants will throw sand on their backs and on their heads to keep them from getting sunburned and to keep bugs off.” said Tony Barthel， working at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo.How do elephants protect their young？ Adult elephants will put them in sand and then they will stand over the little ones as they sleep.
Some farmers in Kenya protect their fields from elephants by lining the borders with beehives （蜂箱）.Not only are their crops saved， but the farmers also get some more money from the honey.
5.For what purpose is World Elephant Day designed？（ ）
A.To show some facts about elephants.
B.To introduce Asian elephants’ features.
C.To call on people to protect elephants.
D.To tell people some animals are in danger.
6.Why are elephants unwilling to eat acacia trees？（ ）
A.Because acacia trees are too tall to reach.
B.Because fruit on acacia trees is hard to eat.
C.Because elephants are sensitive to acacia trees.
D.Because elephants’ trunks are easily hurt by ants in the trees.
7.What do we infer about male elephants？（ ）
A.They can run faster than female ones.
B.They live with female elephants at an early age.
C.They decide where and when their groups move.
D.The strongest male elephant is chosen as their leader.
8.How do elephants protect their young kids？（ ）
A.By guarding kids when kids sleep.
B.By putting some sand on kids’ heads.
C.By using their trunks to keep bugs off.
D.By patting kids’ backs from time to time.
C
Back in 2019， three Chinese scientists were playfighting during a break from working in Chongqing Province， China. One was kung-fu kicked into a rock， causing an opening in the rock face. Inside， a wonderful fossil （化石） lay undisturbed， preserved for millions of years.
The fossil was a jawed fish， some 439 million years old， and the findings from the Chongqing site， along with other fossil findings in nearby Guizhou Province， have excited the science world， as they are 11 million years older than any fish fossil found before. It is a significant discovery because scientists have suspected that jaws evolved （进化） some 450 million years ago， but there had yet to be any fossils that supported this theory. The oldest fossils with jaws found were 439 million years old.
In this discovery， though， there was a new species of shark that was 439 million years old， with a full jaw.
“All these things are still like dreams，” said Zhu Min， who led the research teams that recently published four papers on the discoveries. “Today we are staring at complete early fishes， 11 million years earlier than the previous oldest finds. These are both the most exciting as well as the most challenging fossils I have had the privilege to work on.”
Some of the fish that were discovered were placoderms， an extinct class of fish that have hard plates that formed a shield around the head and trunk， while others were an ancient type of shark.
The scientists found the oldest-known teeth of any vertebrate （脊椎动物）， 14 million years older than any previous findings， as well as two other shark descendants. China has been the site of numerous discoveries in recent years， including fossils of feathered dinosaurs， as well as the oldest known animals on Earth.
“The discovery of the Chongqing site is indeed an unbelievable miracle of fossil hunting，” Zhu added. “Suddenly we realized we have found a jaw-dropping fossil site. We are now close to the core of solving the fishy tree of early jawed vertebrates.”
9.What is the function of the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To witness the wonders of Kung Fu.
B.To describe the background of the text.
C.To introduce a new species of fish.
D.To lead in the main topic of the text.
10.Why is the discovery of the Chongqing site critical？（ ）
A.It focuses on the most challenging fish fossils.
B.It provides evidence of the evolution of jawed fish.
C.It includes fossils of different species of the fish.
D.It traces the origin of the oldest animal on Earth.
11.What’s Zhu Min’s attitude towards the discovery of the Chongqing site？（ ）
A.Unclear. B.Passive.
C.Positive. D.Neutral.
12.What can be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.The Oldest Fish Fossil Was Discovered Thanks to Kung Fu
B.Kung Fu Has Brought Major Benefits to the Science World
C.China Has Made Numerous Fossil Discoveries Recently
D.Chinese Scientists Strive to Help Finish the Fishy Tree
Ⅱ.完形填空
Once a friend and I went to a shop in Toronto to do some shopping.Later when we were sitting on a bench resting， an elderly 13 woman came and sat down on our bench.
She was in her own 14 .She put her bags on the ground， reached down and carefully 15 her old dirty shoes.As she took her shoes off， I found that she had plastic bags over her bare feet， which were bleeding.My friend and I 16 looks of horror and pity.I suddenly 17 and told my friend that I would be right back.I bought a pair of boots， returned to the 18 and placed the package in one of her bags.
She didn’t even notice it， as she was still 19 her feet.I nodded to my friend for us to 20 .We walked away and watched from where we wouldn’t be 21 by her.Soon she found the package.She carefully opened it； she 22 as she felt the boots.Then tears ran down her cheeks， yet still smiling.She 23 put the boots on.
How 24 that having a simple pair of boots had made such a difference in her life！ 25 also deserve care.How we 26 each other affects what our society and our world 27 .Nobody should be forgotten.
13.（ ）A.selfish B.homeless
C.stupid D.crazy
14.（ ）A.village B.town
C.world D.home
15.（ ）A.removed B.repaired
C.cleaned D.stored
16.（ ）A.discovered B.exchanged
C.provided D.ignored
17.（ ）A.jumped B.escaped
C.laughed D.stood
18.（ ）A.bench B.playground
C.church D.hospital
19.（ ）A.showing off B.looking for
C.dealing with D.talking about
20.（ ）A.leave B.relax
C.improve D.attack
21.（ ）A.seen B.understood
C.followed D.injured
22.（ ）A.agreed B.screamed
C.smiled D.complained
23.（ ）A.secretly B.curiously
C.carefully D.naturally
24.（ ）A.fortunate B.sad
C.funny D.exciting
25.（ ）A.Prisoners B.Foreigners
C.Visitors D.Strangers
26.（ ）A.admire B.treat
C.judge D.serve
27.（ ）A.focus B.use
C.imagine D.become
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.test the waters 2.set out 3.looked into 4.think twice
5.shrink from 6.check out 7.threw ourselves into
8.steer clear of
维度二
1.what makes me feel very proud
2.who will go with me
3.Whether one can achieve goals
4.because it rained heavily
5.There is no doubt that
维度三
1.what 2.Who 3.what 4.What 5.that 6.who
7.How 8.that 9.that 10.whether/if
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。近来，在巴勒斯坦的加沙地带发现了具有一千年历史的马赛克地画。这些马赛克拼出了许多种动物的图案，具有很高的艺术价值。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Salman al-Nabahin种植的一些新树的根部生长受到了一定的阻碍，这导致了他这次的发现。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，这些马赛克地画的创作时间是可以确定的。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中René Elter所说的Never have mosaic floors ...discovered in the Gaza Strip.可推知，他的话主要是想表明这些马赛克地画的巨大价值。
4.A 细节理解题。根据文章末句可知，专家担心的是这种马赛克地画可能会因为种种原因而无法得到很好的保护。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可能不知道的有关大象的事实。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的12 August is World Elephant Day， which means to help save elephants.可知，世界大象日旨在呼吁人们保护大象。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，大象不愿意吃金合欢树是因为大象的鼻子很容易被树上的蚂蚁弄伤。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Male elephants leave the female group between the age of 12 and 15.可推知，公象在很小的时候和母象生活在一起。
8.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的How do elephants protect their young？ Adult elephants ...as they sleep.可知，大象在小象睡觉的时候保护小象。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国古生物学家在中国重庆和贵州等地发现了4.39亿年前就有的化石——颚类脊椎动物。文章介绍了这一发现的重要意义以及相关人员对此的看法。
9.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段是为了引出文章的话题——发现目前最古老完整的鱼化石。
10.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，重庆遗址的发现至关重要是因为它提供了下颚鱼进化的证据。
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中朱敏所说的The discovery of the Chongqing site is indeed an unbelievable miracle of fossil hunting可推知，朱敏对这一发现持积极态度。
12.A 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了3名中国科学家在重庆探索，其中一人练过功夫，不小心踢到一块岩石，发现了一块壮观的化石，是保存了约4.5亿年的鲨鱼祖先化石，这比之前发现的鱼化石早了1，100万年。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和朋友去多伦多购物时，遇到一位无家可归的老太太。作者给老太太买了双靴子，这让老太太感动不已。在这个世界上谁也不该被遗忘。只要人人都献出一点爱，世界将变成美好的人间。
13.B 根据下文描述的老太太的穿着打扮可推知，她无家可归。
14.C 根据第一段最后一句和第三段第一句可知，作者给老太太买了双靴子放在她的包里，她甚至都没有注意到这件事。由此可推知，老太太坐在长椅上沉浸在自己的世界里。in one’s own world意为“沉浸在某人自己的世界里”。
15.A 根据下一句中的As she took her shoes off可知，老太太脱掉了鞋子。
16.B 根据上一句可知，老太太脚上裹着塑料袋，脚在流血。由此可推知，作者和朋友看到这一幕后很震惊，很同情老太太，因此作者和朋友交换了震惊和同情的眼神。
17.D 根据第一段中的we were sitting on a bench resting和空后的I would be right back可知，作者原本是坐着的，突然站了起来。
18.A 根据第一段中的we were sitting on a bench resting和空前的returned可知，作者买了双靴子，然后回到刚才坐着的长椅那里。
19.C 根据第二段中的she had plastic bags over her bare feet， which were bleeding和空前的She didn’t even notice it可知，老太太在处理自己流血的脚。
20.A 根据下一句中的We walked away可知，作者向朋友点头示意她们离开。
21.A 根据语境可知，作者和朋友在不会被老太太看见的地方注视着她。
22.C 根据下一句中的yet still smiling可知，老太太摸着靴子时笑了。
23.C 根据上文可知，老太太生活非常艰难，因此她应是小心翼翼地穿上作者送的靴子。
24.B 根据上一段可知，老太太看到作者送的一双新靴子就感动得流泪，这让作者感到难过。
25.D 对于作者来说，老太太是一个陌生人。此处指作者认为，陌生人也应得到关心。
26.B 作者帮助了可怜的老太太，由此感慨，我们如何对待彼此会影响我们的社会和世界变成什么样。
27.D 参见上题解析。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Using language
复习：名词性从句
①It is necessary that we （should） clean the room every day.
②Whether we will go for an autumn outing is not sure.
③That he won the game made us very happy.
④What really matters is whether you can concentrate on your lessons.
⑤Another thing that students often complain about is that they often have to stand in line for a long time before they can get the meal.
⑥It looks as if it is going to rain.
⑦This is where our problem lies.
⑧That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
⑨I sincerely hope （that） you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
⑩I’m convinced that with your intelligence and diligence you can pass your test easily.
Could you tell me when he bought this new bike？
I promise I will offer the best service to whoever participates in the tournament.
The suggestion that a new bridge （should） be built was accepted.
We can， therefore， come to the conclusion that drinking too much wine does harm to our health.
【我的发现】
1.以上例句中 含有主语从句； 含有表语从句； 含有宾语从句； 含有同位语从句。
2.例句①③⑤⑨⑩ 中含有 引导的名词性从句，除了及物动词后面的宾语从句中that可以省略，其他名词性从句中，that没有任何意义，不作句子成分，不可以省略。
3.例句②④中含有whether引导的名词性从句，whether意为“ ”，在从句中不作任何成分。
4.例句④ 中含有连接 引导的名词性从句，在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
5.例句⑦⑧ 为连接 引导的名词性从句，在从句中可以作状语。
6.例句①和例句 中使用了 语气。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，多由连词that， whether， if，连接代词（who， whose， which， what， whoever， whatever， whichever）和连接副词（when， where， how， why， whenever， wherever， however）等引导。
一、主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
1.连词that引导的主语从句
that在从句中无意义，不作任何成分。
That the heavy haze is harming our health is quite apparent.
浓重的雾霾正在危害我们的健康，这是很明显的。
2.连词whether引导的主语从句
whether在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
Whether they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
他们是否要开会还没有定下来。
3.连接代词（who， whose， which， what， whoever， whatever， whichever）和连接副词（when， where， how， why， whenever， wherever， however）引导的主语从句。
连接代词或连接副词在从句中有意义，作成分。
Whoever comes will be welcome.
无论谁来都将受到欢迎。
4.it作形式主语，主语从句后移
有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句，即真正的主语，放在后面。
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
It is very important that a student （should） learn English well.
学生学好英语非常重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系词填空
① people spend so much money on their pets surprised us a lot.
② the flight to New York will be delayed is what I’m especially worried about.
③ worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution.
④By boat is the only way to get here， which is we arrived.
⑤ engages in killing and trading wild animals will be punished.
二、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有连词that（无意义，不作成分）；if/whether（是否）；连接代词who，whose，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。语序为陈述语序。
1.连词that引导的宾语从句
that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中可以省略。
He told me （that） he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年将去上大学。
名师点津
在以下情况中that不能省略：
（1）动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。
We all think （that） she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.
我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进入一个非常好的大学。
（2）当主句的谓语动词与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。
Just then I noticed， for the first time， that our teacher was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
那时我第一次注意到我们的老师穿着他的好看的绿色大衣并戴着黑色丝帽。
2.whether/if引导的宾语从句
由whether/if引导的宾语从句，实际上是由一般疑问句演变而来的，意为“是否”；宾语从句要用陈述语序。一般来说，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下whether与if 是不能互换的。
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.
我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的晚会。
名师点津
宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if的情况：
（1）在带to的不定式前
We haven’t decided whether to walk there.
我们还没决定是否走着去那里。
（2）在介词的后面
I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
我正在考虑我们是否应该去看这部电影。
（3）与or not连用时
I can’t say whether or not they can come tomorrow.
我不敢说他们明天是否能来。
3.宾语从句的一些注意事项
（1）一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但but，except，besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
除了下雨天外，他每天都去图书馆。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he is a teacher.
我只知道我的新邻居是一位老师。
（2）动词find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。
I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.
我已表明我不会接受这份工作。
（3）有些动词（短语），如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，rely on等后接宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。
I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to solve those problems.
如果你能在如何解决那些问题方面给我们一些建议，我将不胜感激。
（4）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即：连接代词/副词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分。
I don’t know what case the police are looking into.
我不知道警察正在调查一个什么样的案子。
（5）宾语从句的时态
宾语从句谓语动词的时态常受到主句谓语动词时态的影响。主句谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态；如果主句时态是过去时，从句时态通常与主句一致用过去的某种时态。
The teacher pointed out where she was wrong.
老师指出了她错的地方。
【即时演练2】 用适当的介词填空
①Knowing some tips will help ensure you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
②The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
③She asked me I had returned the books to the library， and I admitted that I hadn’t.
三、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether，as if/though，because；连接代词who，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。
名师点津
（1）引导表语从句的that不可省略。
（2）表语从句用陈述语序。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。
（3）引导表语从句时，用whether，不用if。
The question is whether he can make it.
问题是他能否成功。
（4）reason作主语时，表语从句要用that引导。常用句式为The reason is that ...。
He didn’t attend the party.The reason was that he was ill.
他没有参加聚会，原因是他生病了。
【即时演练3】 用适当的连接词填空
①He didn’t attend school yesterday， and that’s he got a toothache.
②What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.
③This is they overcome the difficulties.
④It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming it takes to be a good teacher.
四、同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。
1.同位语从句的连接词
引导同位语从句的连接词有连词that，whether；连接代词what，who等和连接副词when，where，why，how等。其中that，whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether意为“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
2.同位语从句的注意事项
有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.（从句被谓语goes分开）
常言道，熟能生巧。
3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句 定语从句
功能 解释说明名词表示的具体内容 限定名词的性质、特征、来源等
that 不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略 作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用，并且作从句的宾语时可省略
whether 起连接作用，其中whether（是否）不作成分，而how和what作成分 不引导定语从句
how/what
同位语从句 定语从句
who 作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与其修饰的名词无关 作成分；起连接作用；与先行词有一定的关系，如when的先行词为时间名词
when
where
why
名师点津
判定同位语从句的简易方法：
我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑、句子通顺，则是同位语从句。
The news that she told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.（that she told me是定语从句）
她告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（不可以说The news was that she told me ...）
The news that Tom would go abroad was told by her.（that Tom would go abroad是同位语从句）
汤姆将出国的消息是她说的。（可以说The news was that Tom would go abroad ...）
【即时演练4】 用适当的连接词填空
①The possibility there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
②There is still some doubt the sports meeting will be held.
③I have no idea he comes from.
④She had no idea she could persuade her husband to give up smoking.
check out调查，检查；结账；（从图书馆等）借出
【教材原句】 So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation， it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.所以，当你可能会忍不住去看看一个陌生的物体，或者试探一个新环境时，避开不熟悉的东西会更安全。
【用法】
（1）check in （在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到 check up 核对；检验 check over 仔细检查 （2）pay by check 用支票付款 make/have a check （of） 核对 a health check 体格检查 keep a check on 经常检查
【佳句】 We’ll have to check him out before we employ him.
在雇用他之前我们得先调查一下。
【练透】 写出下列句中check out的含义
①I checked out this book from the library in the morning.
②The accountant checked out the bills and found them OK.
③The hotel receptionist rings me up to ask when we will check out.
【写美】 补全句子
④ online and print your boarding pass in advance.
别忘了在线办理登机手续并提前打印你的登机牌。
throw oneself into积极投入到……中去
【教材原句】 Of course，exploration doesn’t have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown，and it’s never wrong to think twice before taking action.
当然，探索并不意味着盲目地投入到未知的世界，在采取行动之前三思是没有错的。
【用法】
throw away 抛弃；扔掉 throw off 脱去 throw up 举起；呕吐 throw out 抛出；扔出去 throw oneself on 扑倒在……上；完全依赖
【佳句】 So，a lot of young people throw themselves into the voluntary work in hospitals actively.
因此，很多年轻人积极投身于医院的志愿工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There is no room for so many things in our new house， so I think those old chairs should be thrown .
②During the class trip， one of the students had to leave the bus to throw because of severe carsickness.
【写美】 补全句子
③She entered the room and .
她走进房间，脱掉了湿外套。
shrink v.（shrank/shrunk；shrunk/shrunken） 退缩，畏缩；（使）缩水，（使）缩小
【教材原句】 While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations，we should always look into things first and consider our options.
虽然我们没有必要对新情况畏缩不前，但我们应该总是先把事情调查清楚，然后再考虑我们的选择。
【用法】
（1）shrink from 避免做，不愿做 shrink with 因……收缩 shrink to 缩小到 shrink in the wash 缩水 （2）a shrinking violet 羞怯的人
【佳句】 Can you tell me whether this woolen sweater will shrink when washed？
你能告诉我这件羊毛衫洗后会缩水吗？
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The vast forests of West Africa have （shrink）.
②We will not shrink making the necessary changes in policy.
【写美】 补全句子
③The little girl selling matches in the street .
街上卖火柴的小女孩冻得把身子蜷缩起来。
look into调查（问题）；审查；研究
【教材原句】 While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations，we should always look into things first and consider our options.
虽然我们没有必要对新情况畏缩不前，但我们应该总是先把事情调查清楚，然后再考虑我们的选择。
【用法】
look ahead （to sth） 向前看（某物）；为将来打算 look after 照料，照顾 look down upon/on 看不起，轻视 look forward to 盼望；期望 look over 查看；检查 look through 快速查看；浏览 look up 往上看；查阅 look up to 尊敬，敬仰
【佳句】 The police have received the complaint， and now they are looking into it.
警察已接到了举报，现在正在调查这件事。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He did not look forward to （be） in debt because of his restaurant.
②Don’t sit around feeling sorry for yourself.Be positive and look .
③Only after Mary looked her composition a second time did she notice a spelling mistake.
【写美】 补全句子
④That we each should is our traditional Chinese virtue.
我们每个人都要尊重老人，这是中国的传统美德。
investigation n.调查
【教材原句】 Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section.
用这部分的单词和表达方式谈论对另一个科学之谜的调查。
【用法】
（1）conduct/carry out an investigation 开展调查 under investigation 在调查/研究中 accident investigation 事故调查 investigation into 对……进行调查 （2）investigate v. 调查；研究 investigate and survey 调研
【佳句】 To work out a plan，we started with investigation.
为了制订计划，我们从调查研究入手。
【点津】 inspect和investigate都有“调查，检查”之意。inspect侧重按一定质量标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处；investigate指为发现事实真相或了解情况而进行深入细致的现场考查。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The police have launched an （investigate） into the incident.
②The police are puzzled about the case investigation.
③If you swim in a river or lake， be sure （investigate） what is below the water surface.
④They made full （investigate） previous to reaching a conclusion.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤The police have completed their the accident.
警方已完成该事故的调查。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.①②③④ ④⑤⑥⑦⑧ ⑨⑩ 2.that
3.是否 4.代词 5.副词 6.虚拟
即时演练1
①That ②Whether ③What ④how ⑤Whoever
即时演练2
①that ②what ③whether/if
即时演练3
①because ②whether ③how ④what
即时演练4
①that ②whether ③where ④how
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①借出 ②检查 ③结账 ④Don’t forget to check in
2.①away ②up ③threw off her wet coat
3.①shrunk/shrunken ②from ③shrank with cold
4.①being ②ahead ③through ④look up to the old
5.①investigation ②under ③to investigate
④investigations ⑤investigation into
9 / 9(共105张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：名词性从句
①It is necessary that we （should） clean the room every day.
②Whether we will go for an autumn outing is not sure.
③That he won the game made us very happy.
④What really matters is whether you can concentrate on your lessons.
⑤Another thing that students often complain about is that they often have
to stand in line for a long time before they can get the meal.
⑥It looks as if it is going to rain.
⑦This is where our problem lies.
⑧That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
⑨I sincerely hope （that） you can accept my apologies and understand
my situation.
⑩I’m convinced that with your intelligence and diligence you can pass
your test easily.
Could you tell me when he bought this new bike？
I promise I will offer the best service to whoever participates in the
tournament.
The suggestion that a new bridge （should） be built was accepted.
We can， therefore， come to the conclusion that drinking too much
wine does harm to our health.
【我的发现】
1. 以上例句中 含有主语从句； 含有表语
从句； 含有宾语从句； 含有同位语从句。
2. 例句①③⑤⑨⑩ 中含有 引导的名词性从句，除了及物
动词后面的宾语从句中that可以省略，其他名词性从句中，that没有
任何意义，不作句子成分，不可以省略。
3. 例句②④中含有whether引导的名词性从句，whether意为“
”，在从句中不作任何成分。
4. 例句④ 中含有连接 引导的名词性从句，在从句中可以
作主语或宾语。
①②③④
④⑤⑥⑦⑧
⑨⑩
that
是
否
代词
5. 例句⑦⑧ 为连接 引导的名词性从句，在从句中可以作
状语。
6. 例句①和例句 中使用了 语气。
副词
虚拟
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，多由
连词that， whether， if，连接代词（who， whose， which， what，
whoever， whatever， whichever）和连接副词（when， where，
how， why， whenever， wherever， however）等引导。
一、主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
1. 连词that引导的主语从句
that在从句中无意义，不作任何成分。
That the heavy haze is harming our health is quite apparent.
浓重的雾霾正在危害我们的健康，这是很明显的。
2. 连词whether引导的主语从句
whether在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
Whether they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
他们是否要开会还没有定下来。
3. 连接代词（who， whose， which， what， whoever， whatever，
whichever）和连接副词（when， where， how， why， whenever，
wherever， however）引导的主语从句。
连接代词或连接副词在从句中有意义，作成分。
Whoever comes will be welcome.
无论谁来都将受到欢迎。
4. it作形式主语，主语从句后移
有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主
语，而把主语从句，即真正的主语，放在后面。
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
It is very important that a student （should） learn English well.
学生学好英语非常重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
① people spend so much money on their pets surprised us a
lot.
② the flight to New York will be delayed is what I’m
especially worried about.
③ worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause
pollution.
④By boat is the only way to get here， which is we arrived.
⑤ engages in killing and trading wild animals will be
punished.
That
Whether
What
how
Whoever
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系词填空
二、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有
连词that（无意义，不作成分）；if/whether（是否）；连接代词who，
whose，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。语序
为陈述语序。
1. 连词that引导的宾语从句
that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中可以
省略。
He told me （that） he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他
明年将去上大学。
名师点津
在以下情况中that不能省略：
（1）动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that
可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。
We all think （that） she is working very hard and that she will
surely go to a very good university.
我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进入一个非常好的大学。
（2）当主句的谓语动词与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that
一般不可省略。
Just then I noticed， for the first time， that our teacher was wearing
his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
那时我第一次注意到我们的老师穿着他的好看的绿色大衣并戴
着黑色丝帽。
2. whether/if引导的宾语从句
由whether/if引导的宾语从句，实际上是由一般疑问句演变而来
的，意为“是否”；宾语从句要用陈述语序。一般来说，在宾
语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下whether与
if 是不能互换的。
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.
我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的晚会。
名师点津
宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if的情况：
（1）在带to的不定式前
We haven’t decided whether to walk there.
我们还没决定是否走着去那里。
（2）在介词的后面
I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
我正在考虑我们是否应该去看这部电影。
（3）与or not连用时
I can’t say whether or not they can come tomorrow.
我不敢说他们明天是否能来。
3. 宾语从句的一些注意事项
（1）一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但
but，except，besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
除了下雨天外，他每天都去图书馆。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he is a
teacher.
我只知道我的新邻居是一位老师。
（2）动词find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有宾语补
足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。
I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.
我已表明我不会接受这份工作。
（3）有些动词（短语），如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，
take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，rely on等后接宾语
从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。
I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to
solve those problems.
如果你能在如何解决那些问题方面给我们一些建议，我将不
胜感激。
（4）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即：连接代词/副词＋主语＋谓
语＋其他成分。
I don’t know what case the police are looking into.
我不知道警察正在调查一个什么样的案子。
（5）宾语从句的时态
宾语从句谓语动词的时态常受到主句谓语动词时态的影响。
主句谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句谓语动词可用任何
所需要的时态；如果主句时态是过去时，从句时态通常与主
句一致用过去的某种时态。
The teacher pointed out where she was wrong.
老师指出了她错的地方。
【即时演练2】 用适当的介词填空
①Knowing some tips will help ensure you have an enjoyable
meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
②The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply
they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing
stage.
③She asked me I had returned the books to the library，
and I admitted that I hadn’t.
that
what
whether/if
三、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，结构为“主语＋连系
动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，
remain，seem等。引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether，as
if/though，because；连接代词who，what，which等；连接副词when，
where，how，why等。
名师点津
（1）引导表语从句的that不可省略。
（2）表语从句用陈述语序。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。
（3）引导表语从句时，用whether，不用if。
The question is whether he can make it.
问题是他能否成功。
（4）reason作主语时，表语从句要用that引导。常用句式为The reason
is that ...。
He didn’t attend the party.The reason was that he was ill.
他没有参加聚会，原因是他生病了。
【即时演练3】 用适当的连接词填空
①He didn’t attend school yesterday， and that’s he got a
toothache.
②What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.
③This is they overcome the difficulties.
④It is generally believed that communication skills are
becoming it takes to be a good teacher.
because
whether
how
what
四、同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。它一般放在fact，
news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，
doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步
的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。
1. 同位语从句的连接词
引导同位语从句的连接词有连词that，whether；连接代词what，
who等和连接副词when，where，why，how等。其中that，whether
不作成分，that无实际意义，whether意为“是否”；其他连接词具
有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接
词一般都不省略。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole
school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
2. 同位语从句的注意事项
有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形
成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免
头重脚轻。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.（从句被谓语goes分开）
常言道，熟能生巧。
3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句 定语从句
功能 解释说明名词表示的具体内容 限定名词的性质、特征、来源等
that 不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略 作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用，并且作从句的宾语时可省略
同位语从句 定语从句
whether 起连接作用，其中
whether（是否）不作成分，而how和what作成分 不引导定语从句
how/what who 作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与其修饰的名词无关 作成分；起连接作用；与先行词有一定的关系，如when的先行词为时间名词
when where why 名师点津
判定同位语从句的简易方法：
我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，使之构成一个新句子，如果合
乎逻辑、句子通顺，则是同位语从句。
The news that she told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.（that she
told me是定语从句）
她告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（不可以说The news was that she
told me ...）
The news that Tom would go abroad was told by her.（that Tom would go
abroad是同位语从句）
汤姆将出国的消息是她说的。（可以说The news was that Tom would
go abroad ...）
【即时演练4】 用适当的连接词填空
①The possibility there is life on other planets in the universe has
always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
②There is still some doubt the sports meeting will be held.
③I have no idea he comes from.
④She had no idea she could persuade her husband to give up
smoking.
that
whether
where
how
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
check out调查，检查；结账；（从图书馆等）借出
【教材原句】 So while you may be tempted to check out a strange
object or to test the waters of a new situation， it can be safer to steer clear
of the unfamiliar.
所以，当你可能会忍不住去看看一个陌生的物体，或者试探一个新环
境时，避开不熟悉的东西会更安全。
【用法】
（1）check in （在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到
check up 核对；检验
check over 仔细检查
（2）pay by check 用支票付款
make/have a check （of） 核对
a health check 体格检查
keep a check on 经常检查
【佳句】 We’ll have to check him out before we employ him.
在雇用他之前我们得先调查一下。
【练透】 写出下列句中check out的含义
①I checked out this book from the library in the morning.
②The accountant checked out the bills and found them OK.
③The hotel receptionist rings me up to ask when we will check out.
借出
检查
结
账
【写美】 补全句子
④ online and print your boarding pass in
advance.
别忘了在线办理登机手续并提前打印你的登机牌。
Don’t forget to check in
throw oneself into积极投入到……中去
【教材原句】 Of course，exploration doesn’t have to mean blindly
throwing ourselves into the unknown，and it’s never wrong to think
twice before taking action.
当然，探索并不意味着盲目地投入到未知的世界，在采取行动之前三
思是没有错的。
【用法】
throw away 抛弃；扔掉
throw off 脱去
throw up 举起；呕吐
throw out 抛出；扔出去
throw oneself on 扑倒在……上；完全依赖
【佳句】 So，a lot of young people throw themselves into the
voluntary work in hospitals actively.
因此，很多年轻人积极投身于医院的志愿工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There is no room for so many things in our new house， so I think those
old chairs should be thrown .
②During the class trip， one of the students had to leave the bus to
throw because of severe carsickness.
away
up
【写美】 补全句子
③She entered the room and .
她走进房间，脱掉了湿外套。
threw off her wet coat
shrink v.（shrank/shrunk；shrunk/shrunken） 退缩，畏缩；（使）
缩水，（使）缩小
【教材原句】 While there is no need for us to shrink from new
situations，we should always look into things first and consider our
options.
虽然我们没有必要对新情况畏缩不前，但我们应该总是先把事情调查
清楚，然后再考虑我们的选择。
【用法】
（1）shrink from 避免做，不愿做
shrink with 因……收缩
shrink to 缩小到
shrink in the wash 缩水
（2）a shrinking violet 羞怯的人
【佳句】 Can you tell me whether this woolen sweater will shrink when
washed？
你能告诉我这件羊毛衫洗后会缩水吗？
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The vast forests of West Africa have （shrink）.
②We will not shrink making the necessary changes in policy.
shrunk/shrunken
from
【写美】 补全句子
③The little girl selling matches in the street .
街上卖火柴的小女孩冻得把身子蜷缩起来。
shrank with cold
look into调查（问题）；审查；研究
【教材原句】 While there is no need for us to shrink from new
situations，we should always look into things first and consider our
options.
虽然我们没有必要对新情况畏缩不前，但我们应该总是先把事情调查
清楚，然后再考虑我们的选择。
【用法】
look ahead （to sth） 向前看（某物）；为将来打算
look after 照料，照顾
look down upon/on 看不起，轻视
look forward to 盼望；期望
look over 查看；检查
look through 快速查看；浏览
look up 往上看；查阅
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
【佳句】 The police have received the complaint， and now they are
looking into it.
警察已接到了举报，现在正在调查这件事。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He did not look forward to （be） in debt because of his
restaurant.
②Don’t sit around feeling sorry for yourself.Be positive and
look .
③Only after Mary looked her composition a second time did
she notice a spelling mistake.
being
ahead
through
【写美】 补全句子
④That we each should is our traditional Chinese
virtue.
我们每个人都要尊重老人，这是中国的传统美德。
look up to the old
investigation n.调查
【教材原句】 Talk about the investigations into another scientific
mystery using the words and expressions in this section.
用这部分的单词和表达方式谈论对另一个科学之谜的调查。
【用法】
（1）conduct/carry out an investigation 开展调查
under investigation 在调查/研究中
accident investigation 事故调查
investigation into 对……进行调查
（2）investigate v. 调查；研究
investigate and survey 调研
【佳句】 To work out a plan，we started with investigation.为了制订
计划，我们从调查研究入手。
【点津】 inspect和investigate都有“调查，检查”之意。inspect侧重
按一定质量标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处；investigate指为发现
事实真相或了解情况而进行深入细致的现场考查。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The police have launched an （investigate） into the
incident.
②The police are puzzled about the case investigation.
investigation
under
③If you swim in a river or lake， be sure
（investigate） what is below the water surface.
④They made full （investigate） previous to reaching
a conclusion.
to investigate
investigations
【写美】 补全句子
⑤The police have completed their the accident.
警方已完成该事故的调查。
investigation into
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
check out， steer clear of， set out， throw oneself into， think twice，
shrink from， look into， test the waters
1. Sometimes people get curious and want to .
2. He to do the experiment in the lab.
test the waters
set out
3. Several months ago， the police in Beijing several
crime cases where personal information had been illegally sold.
4. What might make you about being so wasteful？
5. While there is no need for us to new situations， we
should always think twice before rushing into things.
6. There are many good websites where you can the latest
in the science world.
7. With a strong desire for English study， we
reading English novels.
8. When you talk with an unfamiliar woman， you’d better
age.
looked into
think twice
shrink from
check out
threw ourselves into
steer clear
of
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. Our country is developing at an amazing speed， which is
.
我们的国家正在以惊人的速度发展，这是让我感到非常自豪的
事情。
2. The question is to Beijing tomorrow.
问题是明天谁和我一起去北京。
3. depends on effort rather than luck.
一个人能否实现目标取决于努力而不是运气。
what
makes me feel very proud
who will go with me
Whether one can achieve goals
4. I didn’t come on time yesterday.That’s
.
我昨天没有按时到。那是因为下了很大的雨。
5. the environment is being polluted by human
beings.
毫无疑问，环境正在被人类污染。
because it rained
heavily
There is no doubt that
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用适当的连接词填空。
There was an accident on the corner of the Roman Street this
morning.No witness saw 1. on earth happened then.A car
crashed into a truck but luckily no one got injured.2. will be
responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are
uncertain about 3. led to the accident.The truck driver looked as
if he was guilty.He was too nervous to say a word.4. the police
would do is figure out the truth as soon as possible.They said 5.
what
Who
what
What
it was difficult for them to judge 6. exactly should be to
blame.7. this happened was still not clear.It was certain
8. the car driver was too tired to stop the car immediately.The car
driver didn’t admit the fact 9. he was driving over the speed
limit at the turning.The police doubted 10. what he said
was true and decided to make a further investigation.
that
who
How
that
that
whether/if
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Palestinian farmer Salman al-Nabahin was working in his garden in
Gaza when he noticed that some of the new trees he’d planted on his land
did not root properly.Curious about what might be causing the issue， al-
Nabahin asked his son to help him start digging.
His son’s ax struck something hard.When the two men began to
clear away the dirt， they discovered an item they did not recognize.A
little Internet searching provided the answer to their mystery： They’d
come across a Byzantine-era floor mosaic （拜占庭时期马赛克地画）
featuring birds and other animals.
This happened six months ago.Now， archaeologists are hard at work
studying the flooring to learn more about its secrets and civilization values.
The mosaic features 17 images of birds and other animals presented in
bright colors.Archaeologists believe artists created the flooring sometime
between the fifth and seventh centuries， though they don’t know
whether the mosaic had religious origins.In total， the land covering the
entire mosaic is about 500 square meters， and the mosaic itself measures
about 23 square meters.Some parts of the mosaic appear to be damaged，
likely from the roots of an old tree.
“These are the most beautiful mosaic floors discovered in Gaza，
both in terms of the quality of the vivid representation and the complexity
of the pattern，” says René Elter， an archaeologist in
Jerusalem.“Never have mosaic floors of this precision in the patterns and
richness of the colors been discovered in the Gaza Strip.”
The Gaza Strip， which is located between Israel and Egypt and was
a busy trade route throughout history， is home to many ancient
civilizations. The farmer and his son discovered the mosaic about a
kilometer from the border with Israel. Archaeologists and other experts are
concerned about the mosaic’s future because of the ongoing conflict there
and a lack of funding for historical protection.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。近来，在巴勒斯坦的加沙地带发
现了具有一千年历史的马赛克地画。这些马赛克拼出了许多种动物
的图案，具有很高的艺术价值。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。近来，在巴勒斯坦的加沙地带发
现了具有一千年历史的马赛克地画。这些马赛克拼出了许多种动物
的图案，具有很高的艺术价值。
1. What led Salman al-Nabahin to the unexpected discovery？（ ）
A. His son’s constant digging work.
B. His decision to remove some new trees.
C. The improper growth of some new trees.
D. The appearance of some birds and other animals.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Salman al-Nabahin
种植的一些新树的根部生长受到了一定的阻碍，这导致了他这次的
发现。
2. What can we learn about the mosaic？（ ）
A. Its origin has something to do with religion.
B. The time of its creation can be figured out.
C. It has been seriously damaged by digging work.
D. It reflects relationships between humans and animals.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，这些马赛克地画
的创作时间是可以确定的。
3. What do René Elter’s words in the last but one paragraph show？
（ ）
A. The history of the mosaic floors.
B. The great value of the mosaic floors.
C. The secrets hidden in the mosaic floors.
D. The difficulty in creating the mosaic floors.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中René Elter所说的Never
have mosaic floors ...discovered in the Gaza Strip.可推知，他的话
主要是想表明这些马赛克地画的巨大价值。
4. What is some experts’ concern about the mosaic？（ ）
A. It may not be well protected.
B. It may be too large to carry.
C. It may cause regional conflicts.
D. It may lose its historical meaning.
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章末句可知，专家担心的是这种马
赛克地画可能会因为种种原因而无法得到很好的保护。
B
Elephants are truly incredible （难以置信的） animals.12 August is
World Elephant Day， which means to help save elephants.What do you
know about elephants？ Here are some facts you may not know.
We know that elephants are large.But do you know that elephants
often avoid eating a type of acacia tree （金合欢树）？ Because it is
home to ants and an elephant doesn’t want to get the ants inside its
trunk.Its trunk is full of sensitive endings.
Female elephants live in groups of about 15 elephants.The oldest in
the group is the leader.She not only decides when and where they move
but also determines when they rest all the year.Male elephants leave the
female group between the age of 12 and 15.But they aren’t loners （孤
独者）.They live in all-male groups.
Asian elephants don’t run.Running requires lifting all four feet at
once.But elephants filmed in Thailand always keep at least two on the
ground at all times.
Elephants have passed the mirror test.They recognize themselves in a
mirror.According to tests， great apes， and dolphins also have this
ability.
Elephants can get sunburned so they can take care to protect
themselves.“Elephants will throw sand on their backs and on their heads
to keep them from getting sunburned and to keep bugs off.” said Tony
Barthel， working at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo.How do elephants
protect their young？ Adult elephants will put them in sand and then they
will stand over the little ones as they sleep.
Some farmers in Kenya protect their fields from elephants by lining
the borders with beehives （蜂箱）.Not only are their crops saved， but
the farmers also get some more money from the honey.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可能不知道的
有关大象的事实。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可能不知道的
有关大象的事实。
5. For what purpose is World Elephant Day designed？（ ）
A. To show some facts about elephants.
B. To introduce Asian elephants’ features.
C. To call on people to protect elephants.
D. To tell people some animals are in danger.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的12 August is World
Elephant Day， which means to help save elephants.可知，世界大象
日旨在呼吁人们保护大象。
6. Why are elephants unwilling to eat acacia trees？（ ）
A. Because acacia trees are too tall to reach.
B. Because fruit on acacia trees is hard to eat.
C. Because elephants are sensitive to acacia trees.
D. Because elephants’ trunks are easily hurt by ants in the trees.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，大象不愿意吃
金合欢树是因为大象的鼻子很容易被树上的蚂蚁弄伤。
7. What do we infer about male elephants？（ ）
A. They can run faster than female ones.
B. They live with female elephants at an early age.
C. They decide where and when their groups move.
D. The strongest male elephant is chosen as their leader.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Male elephants leave the
female group between the age of 12 and 15.可推知，公象在很小的时
候和母象生活在一起。
8. How do elephants protect their young kids？（ ）
A. By guarding kids when kids sleep.
B. By putting some sand on kids’ heads.
C. By using their trunks to keep bugs off.
D. By patting kids’ backs from time to time.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的How do elephants
protect their young？ Adult elephants ...as they sleep.可知，大象在
小象睡觉的时候保护小象。
C
Back in 2019， three Chinese scientists were playfighting during a
break from working in Chongqing Province， China. One was kung-fu
kicked into a rock， causing an opening in the rock face. Inside， a
wonderful fossil （化石） lay undisturbed， preserved for millions of
years.
The fossil was a jawed fish， some 439 million years old， and the
findings from the Chongqing site， along with other fossil findings in
nearby Guizhou Province， have excited the science world， as they are
11 million years older than any fish fossil found before. It is a significant
discovery because scientists have suspected that jaws evolved （进化）
some 450 million years ago， but there had yet to be any fossils that
supported this theory. The oldest fossils with jaws found were 439 million
years old.
In this discovery， though， there was a new species of shark that
was 439 million years old， with a full jaw.
“All these things are still like dreams，” said Zhu Min， who led
the research teams that recently published four papers on the discoveries.
“Today we are staring at complete early fishes， 11 million years earlier
than the previous oldest finds. These are both the most exciting as well as
the most challenging fossils I have had the privilege to work on.”
Some of the fish that were discovered were placoderms， an extinct
class of fish that have hard plates that formed a shield around the head and
trunk， while others were an ancient type of shark.
The scientists found the oldest-known teeth of any vertebrate （脊椎
动物）， 14 million years older than any previous findings， as well as
two other shark descendants. China has been the site of numerous
discoveries in recent years， including fossils of feathered dinosaurs， as
well as the oldest known animals on Earth.
“The discovery of the Chongqing site is indeed an unbelievable
miracle of fossil hunting，” Zhu added. “Suddenly we realized we have
found a jaw-dropping fossil site. We are now close to the core of solving
the fishy tree of early jawed vertebrates.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国古生物学家在中国重庆和贵州
等地发现了4.39亿年前就有的化石——颚类脊椎动物。文章介绍了
这一发现的重要意义以及相关人员对此的看法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国古生物学家在中国重庆和贵州
等地发现了4.39亿年前就有的化石——颚类脊椎动物。文章介绍了
这一发现的重要意义以及相关人员对此的看法。
9. What is the function of the first paragraph？（ ）
A. To witness the wonders of Kung Fu.
B. To describe the background of the text.
C. To introduce a new species of fish.
D. To lead in the main topic of the text.
解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段是为了引出文章的
话题——发现目前最古老完整的鱼化石。
10. Why is the discovery of the Chongqing site critical？（ ）
A. It focuses on the most challenging fish fossils.
B. It provides evidence of the evolution of jawed fish.
C. It includes fossils of different species of the fish.
D. It traces the origin of the oldest animal on Earth.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，重庆遗址的发
现至关重要是因为它提供了下颚鱼进化的证据。
11. What’s Zhu Min’s attitude towards the discovery of the Chongqing
site？（ ）
A. Unclear. B. Passive.
C. Positive. D. Neutral.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中朱敏所说的The discovery
of the Chongqing site is indeed an unbelievable miracle of fossil
hunting可推知，朱敏对这一发现持积极态度。
12. What can be the best title for the text？（ ）
A. The Oldest Fish Fossil Was Discovered Thanks to Kung Fu
B. Kung Fu Has Brought Major Benefits to the Science World
C. China Has Made Numerous Fossil Discoveries Recently
D. Chinese Scientists Strive to Help Finish the Fishy Tree
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要
介绍了3名中国科学家在重庆探索，其中一人练过功夫，不小心踢
到一块岩石，发现了一块壮观的化石，是保存了约4.5亿年的鲨鱼
祖先化石，这比之前发现的鱼化石早了1，100万年。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Once a friend and I went to a shop in Toronto to do some shopping.Later when we were sitting on a bench resting， an elderly 13 woman came and sat down on our bench.
She was in her own 14 .She put her bags on the ground， reached
down and carefully 15 her old dirty shoes.As she took her shoes off，
I found that she had plastic bags over her bare feet， which were
bleeding.My friend and I 16 looks of horror and pity.I suddenly 17 and told my friend that I would be right back.I bought a pair of boots， returned to the 18 and placed the package in one of her bags.
She didn’t even notice it， as she was still 19 her feet.I nodded
to my friend for us to 20 .We walked away and watched from where
we wouldn’t be 21 by her.Soon she found the package.She
carefully opened it； she 22 as she felt the boots.Then tears ran down
her cheeks， yet still smiling.She 23 put the boots on.
How 24 that having a simple pair of boots had made such a
difference in her life！ 25 also deserve care.How we 26 each
other affects what our society and our world 27 .Nobody should be
forgotten.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和朋友去多伦多购物时，
遇到一位无家可归的老太太。作者给老太太买了双靴子，这让老太
太感动不已。在这个世界上谁也不该被遗忘。只要人人都献出一点
爱，世界将变成美好的人间。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和朋友去多伦多购物时，
遇到一位无家可归的老太太。作者给老太太买了双靴子，这让老太
太感动不已。在这个世界上谁也不该被遗忘。只要人人都献出一点
爱，世界将变成美好的人间。
13. A. selfish B. homeless
C. stupid D. crazy
解析： 根据下文描述的老太太的穿着打扮可推知，她无家
可归。
14. A. village B. town
C. world D. home
解析： 根据第一段最后一句和第三段第一句可知，作者给老
太太买了双靴子放在她的包里，她甚至都没有注意到这件事。由
此可推知，老太太坐在长椅上沉浸在自己的世界里。in one’s
own world意为“沉浸在某人自己的世界里”。
15. A. removed B. repaired
C. cleaned D. stored
解析： 根据下一句中的As she took her shoes off可知，老太太
脱掉了鞋子。
16. A. discovered B. exchanged
C. provided D. ignored
解析： 根据上一句可知，老太太脚上裹着塑料袋，脚在流
血。由此可推知，作者和朋友看到这一幕后很震惊，很同情老太
太，因此作者和朋友交换了震惊和同情的眼神。
17. A. jumped B. escaped
C. laughed D. stood
解析： 根据第一段中的we were sitting on a bench resting和空后
的I would be right back可知，作者原本是坐着的，突然站了起来。
18. A. bench B. playground
C. church D. hospital
解析： 根据第一段中的we were sitting on a bench resting
和空前的returned可知，作者买了双靴子，然后回到刚才坐着
的长椅那里。
19. A. showing off B. looking for
C. dealing with D. talking about
解析： 根据第二段中的she had plastic bags over her bare feet，
which were bleeding和空前的She didn’t even notice it可知，老太
太在处理自己流血的脚。
20. A. leave B. relax
C. improve D. attack
解析： 根据下一句中的We walked away可知，作者向朋友点头
示意她们离开。
21. A. seen B. understood
C. followed D. injured
解析： 根据语境可知，作者和朋友在不会被老太太看见的地
方注视着她。
22. A. agreed B. screamed
C. smiled D. complained
解析： 根据下一句中的yet still smiling可知，老太太摸着靴子
时笑了。
23. A. secretly B. curiously
C. carefully D. naturally
解析： 根据上文可知，老太太生活非常艰难，因此她应是小
心翼翼地穿上作者送的靴子。
24. A. fortunate B. sad
C. funny D. exciting
解析： 根据上一段可知，老太太看到作者送的一双新靴子就
感动得流泪，这让作者感到难过。
25. A. Prisoners B. Foreigners
C. Visitors D. Strangers
解析： 对于作者来说，老太太是一个陌生人。此处指作者认
为，陌生人也应得到关心。
26. A. admire B. treat C. judge D. serve
解析： 作者帮助了可怜的老太太，由此感慨，我们如何对待
彼此会影响我们的社会和世界变成什么样。
27. A. focus B. use
C. imagine D. become
解析： 参见上题解析。
谢谢观看！
