Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.The mission for the （全体机组人员） of the spaceship is essentially over.
2.We thought it would make a difference in helping him step out of the （阴影） of that accident.
3.In June， the officials （中止） the company’s export licence.
4.Upon hearing the fire alarm， the people in the building were panicked and s .
5.Some people have the wrong n that one can get infected with AIDS by giving blood.
维度二：词形转换
1.They were （tragic） wrong， of course， but a lot of smart people believed them.
2.The photographs are fairly predictable and （exceptional）.
3.The （assume） that calendar came into being has proved to be correct.
4.The report calls for a ban on the import of （hazard） waste.
5.It will not be long before you get accustomed to （drive） on the left side of the road in Britain.
6.The school allows a partial （suspend） of its rules on the last day of term.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.When the explorers first （踏上） the continent of North America， the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
2.We always （收听） to the latest news at ten o’clock to know better about the world.
3.The judgement （蒙上阴影） his future， so he felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court.
4.When the delayed flight will （起飞） depends much on the weather.
5. （天气许可的话）， we can go for a picnic with the teacher’s permission.
6. （无论多么遥远） apart we are， my thoughts always find their way back to you.
7. （毫无疑问） that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A group of planners， scientists and engineers in charge of China’s Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission have received the highest team award from the International Academy of Astronautics. At the academy’s annual conference on Sunday in Baku， the capital of Azerbaijan， the Chinese team was awarded the 2023 Laurels for Team Achievement Award.
Hu Hao， chief designer of the Chang’e 5 mission and a senior planner at the China National Space Administration， said at the ceremony that he hopes more scientists and engineers from the international space community could take part in China’s lunar exploration projects. He also added that the samples retrieved （回收） by the Chang’e 5 probe will soon be open to foreign researchers.
One of the world’s most notable space activities in 2020， the Chang’e 5 robotic mission was launched in November 2020. It was China’s first lunar sample-returning mission and one of its most sophisticated and challenging space attempts. The landmark mission returned 1，731 grams of rocks and soil back to Earth on Dec 17， 2020， presenting the first lunar substances to humans since the Apollo era.
On the certificate awarded to the Chinese team， the academy wrote that during the 23-day mission， the Chang’e-5 team successfully completed the complicated mission which included a rocket launch， lunar-Earth transfer， lunar sampling， lunar surface takeoff， rendezvous and docking， sample transfer， skip re-entry and many other processes， and obtained two types of lunar samples. It noted the Chinese team has made outstanding contributions to mankind’s lunar and deep-space exploration.
1.Where is the text most probably taken from？（ ）
A.An advertisement of a robotic lunar company.
B.A research on Chinese lunar exploration.
C.A news report about an international awarding ceremony.
D.A review of the International Academy of Astronautics.
2.What can we infer from Hu Hao’s words？（ ）
A.China encourages cooperation and sharing in exploring the moon.
B.China has made a difference to international space community.
C.China National Space Administration will soon be open to the world.
D.Chang’e 5 probe will soon continue its mission.
3.What can we know from the Chang’e 5 robotic mission？（ ）
A.It marks the world’s first lunar sample-returning mission.
B.It contains various missions except for sample transfer.
C.It was launched in December 2020.
D.It’s a complex space exploration.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Hu Hao： A Pioneer in Chinese Lunar Exploration
B.Amazing Lunar Adventures： A Fairy Tale Has Come True
C.Challenging Ways to Returning the First Lunar Sample
D.The Impact of International Academy of Astronautics
B
Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids （小行星） and comets， as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and deliver the drama.
But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous incoming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.
That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos， which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It’s about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid.
In images streamed as the impact neared， the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to having its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target.
Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with nothing going wrong. “As far as we can tell， our first planetary defense test was a success，” said Elena Adams， the mission systems engineer， who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination.
The impact was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test （DART）， a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November 2021 to perform humanity’s first ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months， scientists said， before they will be able to determine if the impact was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course， probably shortening its original orbit.
NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We’ve tracked lots of space rocks， especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully， none currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down.” explains Lindley Johnson， NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.
5.How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully？（ ）
A.The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared.
B.The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target.
C.They monitored the craft with satellites in space.
D.They recorded the whole process with a telescope.
6.What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft？（ ）
A.To save the world and deliver a drama.
B.To search for evidence of alien life.
C.To test technology for defending Earth.
D.To end the asteroid’s threat to Earth.
7.What can be inferred about Dimorphos？（ ）
A.It is expected to blow up after the impact.
B.It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit.
C.It is an egg-shaped asteroid around Earth.
D.It is a dangerous incoming space rock.
8.Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with？（ ）
A.Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth.
B.NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth.
C.Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size.
D.NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids.
C
What do you do when nobody is around to take your picture？You take a selfie.But what about selfies in space？NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin， who famously became the second man to walk on the Moon in July 1969， said that he took the first selfie in space during the Gemini 12 mission in 1966.
“For me， it needs to be digital to be a selfie，” argues Jennifer Levasseur， who is in charge of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.According to Levasseur，the concept of a selfie is directly linked to Internet culture and the human desire to interact on social platforms.“The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it，” she says.
Still， astronauts have been carrying cameras aboard space vehicles since the 1960s.In 1966， Aldrin used a Hasselblad camera designed specifically for space.Hasselblad also painted the first camera in space matte black （磨砂黑） to reduce reflections in the window of the orbiter.But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions， like temperature swinging from－149 °F to 248 °F，so Hasselblad painted later models silver.
Astronauts had to pull the film magazines （胶卷盒） out and leave their cameras behind when they returned to the Earth， because early space missions were restricted by a weight limit on the return trip.
A big change in space camera technology came after the sad loss of the space shuttle Columbia， which broke apart on its return to the Earth in 2003.“Fearing that they would never be able to bring the film back from space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for being digital，” Levasseur says.
Today， astronauts can have access to the Internet and social platforms in space and post true space selfies taken by digital cameras.
9.How did the Hasselblad camera adapt to space temperature changes？（ ）
A.By changing its inner design.
B.By reducing its reflections.
C.By making it stronger.
D.By painting it silver.
10.Why were cameras left in space on early space missions？（ ）
A.To lighten the load of the spaceship.
B.To test cameras under extreme conditions.
C.To prepare for the next space exploration.
D.To take more pictures on the next trip.
11.What advanced space camera technology？（ ）
A.The invention of new films.
B.The popularity of space selfies.
C.The concern about the loss of valuable data.
D.The fear of falling behind in the space race.
12.What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A.The Origin of Selfies in Space
B.The History of Selfies in Space
C.The Significance of Selfies in Space
D.The Technique of Selfies in Space
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The age of space exploration started on 12 April 1961， when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans？ The answer is simple. 13.（ ） In this article， we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
Promote the progress of medicine
14.（ ） For example， analyzing the effects of zero-gravity （零重力） on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses. The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
Develop new technologies
The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time.15.（ ） For example， the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts. We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon.
Start space tourism
The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space. However， it is still too expensive to go to space. As reusable rockets improve， the costs of these trips will become significantly lower. 16.（ ）
Inspire the next generation
Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children. 17.（ ） Not only is this good for them as STEM （Science， Technology， Engineering and Mathematics） jobs can secure them a comfortable future， but it also helps humans.
A.Technologies have advanced considerably.
B.It gets students interested in science and technology.
C.Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D.These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E.The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F.Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G.Throughout the years， companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Scientists have found a new risk of space travel.They have discovered that our DNA can change while 18. （go） into space.DNA mutations （改变） could increase the risk of space travelers getting cancer.The scientists did research 19. 14 NASA astronauts who took part in the Space Shuttle program between 1998 and 2001.20. astronauts provided blood samples ten days before they went into space and three days after returning to the Earth.The blood 21. （freeze） for the past 20 years.Professor David Goukassian said，“Astronauts work in an extreme environment 22. many factors can result in mutations.”He added，“Space radiation means there is a risk that mutations could develop.” Professor Goukassian said 23. （he） study could be important for the future of space travel.In particular， several nations are 24. （active） working on sending astronauts to Mars.Other countries are preparing to build bases on the Moon.There is also a race by 25. （commerce） companies to start the business of space tourism.Goukassian said there were possible health risks to space travel and to exploring deep space.He said more research was needed 26. （study） the harmful effects of space travel on the human body.This could be important for NASA’s Artemis project.This aims to send people back to the Moon for the first time in 50 years.The last time 27. （human） went to the Moon was during the Apollo 17 mission in December 1972.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.crew 2.shadow 3.suspended 4.screamed 5.notion
维度二
1.tragically 2.unexceptional 3.assumption 4.hazardous
5.driving 6.suspension
维度三
1.set foot on
2.tune in
3.cast a shadow on
4.take off
5.Weather permitting
6.No matter how far
7.There is no doubt
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。中国嫦娥五号机器人探月任务的规划者、科学家和工程师获得了国际宇航科学院颁发的最高团队奖。
1.C 文章出处题。根据第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了中国嫦娥五号探月工程团队在阿塞拜疆巴库举办的国际宇航大会期间，荣获了最高团队奖。文章属于新闻报道，记录了本次获奖事件。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，胡浩期待更多科学家和工程师参与中国的探月工程，并且采集的样本也即将向外国科学家开放。由此推断，他希望国家在探月工程方面鼓励国家间合作共赢，共享科研成果。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，嫦娥五号任务具有复杂性和挑战性，即它是一次复杂的太空探索。
4.B 标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了嫦娥五号探月工程所取得的辉煌成绩，从着陆月球到月表采样再到成功携带样本返回地球，任务的实施是不容易的，而最终的成功也践行了“嫦娥奔月”这个古老神话。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）进行了一次小行星防御测试，即使用航天器撞击小行星以改变其轨道的实验。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，蛋形的小行星在屏幕上由一个小光点快速变大，遍布岩石的行星表面很快进入了人们的视野，在飞行器撞上小行星的同时，传输信号中断了。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段和倒数第二段第一句可知，发射飞行器的目的是测试星球防御技术。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，该小行星围绕另一颗大一点的小行星运转；再根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，科学家预测，飞行器撞上该小行星后，可能会将原来的轨道缩短。综合推断，Dimorphos可能在撞击后绕同一颗小行星运行。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，NASA已经追踪了很多大一点的太空岩石，但是许多像Dimorphos这样大小的小行星还没有被发现，如果它们坠落，可能会摧毁一座城市。由此推断，NASA计划发射太空望远镜NEO Surveyor主要是为了追踪体积更小的小行星。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空自拍的历史。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions， like temperature swinging from －149 °F to 248 °F， so Hasselblad painted later models silver.可知，为了使照相机能够在极端环境下工作，Hasselblad把它漆成了银色。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，照相机被留在太空的原因是飞船载重有限。
11.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的Fearing that they would never be able to bring the film back from space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for being digital可知，害怕在太空中拍摄的内容丢失加速了太空相机技术的发展。
12.B 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了太空自拍的历史。因此B项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的四大好处。
13.E 上文中的问句是在提出问题，而空后一句是在回答这个问题。E项（太空探索的好处远远大于它的危险）解释了为什么我们要去探索太空，承上启下。
14.F 根据小标题可知，本段是在讲太空探索对医学的影响。F项（研究太空旅行的影响可以带来一些医疗益处）符合语境。
15.G 下文的举例说明了原本为宇航员开发的技术也应用到了普通人的生活中。G项（多年来，公司已经为这些发展成果的许多方面找到了消费用途）符合语境。
16.C 根据上句可知，太空旅行的成本大大降低了，空处应该说明这会带来什么好处。C项（希望有一天我们所有人都能接触到它们）承接上文。
17.B 上句是在讲太空探索对孩子们的影响。B项（它让学生对科学技术感兴趣）说明了太空探索所激发的好奇心使学生对科学技术感兴趣，也是太空探索对孩子的影响。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现我们的DNA在进入太空时会发生变化。DNA突变可能会增加太空旅行者患癌症的风险。
18.going 考查省略句。此处为“while＋动词-ing形式”省略结构作状语，while后省略了we are，故填going。
19.on 考查介词。do research on 意为“对……进行研究”，故填on。
20.The 考查冠词。此处特指那些参与研究的宇航员，故填The。
21.has been frozen 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语for the past 20 years可知，应用现在完成时，同时表示被动，故填has been frozen。
22.where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment，同时在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
23.his 考查代词。study是名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填his。
24.actively 考查词形转换。修饰动词working，应用副词作状语，故填actively。
mercial 考查词形转换。修饰名词companies，应用形容词作定语，故填commercial。
26.to study 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to study。
27.humans 考查名词的单复数。human是可数名词，前无限定词，故填复数humans。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Call of the Challenger
[1]Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on① the Moon back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to② the notion③ of space travel.[2]Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of④ how arduous⑤ and hazardous⑥ an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong.With Armstrong’s now famous words “That’s one small step for man， one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average⑦ school students， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
[1]本句中Ever since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
[2]本句中their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构作状语；第三个and连接aware of后的并列宾语，前一部分为how引导的宾语从句，后一部分中the many things为介词of的宾语，that could go wrong为定语从句。
Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became unexceptional⑧ to the public， as innovations succeeded each other.[3] By the early 1980s， the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle.When the Challenger space shuttle took off⑨ on 28 January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion， and millions of people tuned in⑩ to witness the take-off on TV.It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37， an ordinary teacher and mother， was about to become the first civilian in space.She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit： the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked， and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.With the eyes of students across the nation upon her， she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
[3]By后跟表示过去的时间状语，句子的谓语用过去完成时。
Tragically ， she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida， and all seven astronauts on board were killed.The world went into shock， most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.How wrong they had been！ Instantaneously ， excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts.
“I can remember that day so clearly， watching the take-off on TV at school，” said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger， and we were all very excited.We didn’t have much patience waiting for the launch.We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.Then， little more than a minute after take-off， we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky， followed by a cloud of white smoke.The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming .”
[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster， space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated ， and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned .But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue， and on 29 September 1988， the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short， they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration， such as Gagarin， Tereshkova， Armstrong and Yang Liwei.The memory of those seven will live forever， written in the stars， inspiring us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.[5] The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant they might seem.
[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster为动词-ing形式作状语；and为并列连词，连接并列的时间状语从句。
[5]The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us为句子主干；reminding ...为动词-ing形式作状语，其中that引导宾语从句；no matter how引导让步状语从句。
【读文清障】
①set foot on 踏上，登上
②become accustomed to 习惯于（做）某事
③notion n.概念；观点；看法
④（be） aware of 意识到，明白
⑤arduous adj.艰难的；艰苦的
⑥hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
⑦average adj.普通的，一般的
⑧unexceptional adj.平常的
⑨take off 起飞
⑩tune in 收听，收看
be about to do sth打算做某事
demonstrate v.示范，演示
objective n.目标，目的
a sense of 一种……感
tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地
explode v.爆炸
on board 在飞机（火车、船）上
assume v.认为
instantaneously adv.瞬间地
shadow n.坏影响，阴影
cast a shadow on
给……蒙上阴影
scream v.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等）尖声大叫
suspend v.暂停，中止
investigate v.调查
component n.部件，组成部分
redesign v.重新设计
resume v.重新开始
crew n.（飞机上的）全体机组人员
sacrifice n.牺牲
【参考译文】
“挑战者”号的呼唤
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。20世纪 80 年代早期，美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于 1986 年 1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人打开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。
令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险，但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败，这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。”
“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30 多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What were people’s feelings when people watched that first lunar landing？（ ）
A.Happy. B.Nervous.
C.Amazed. D.Proud.
2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2？ （ ）
A.The Challenger wasn’t so attractive as the first lunar landing to people.
B.Christa was the first to give lessons in space.
C.Before the 1980s， the space shuttle had appeared.
D.The disaster made a difference to people.
3.What happened after the Challenger disaster？（ ）
A.People’s attitude to space travel changed.
B.Space shuttle flight were suspended for nearly 3 years.
C.People succeeded in launching Discovery.
D.The disaster inspires people to continue space exploration.
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph？ （ ）
A.The great people in space exploration.
B.The memory of the dead seven people.
C.The cause of the disaster.
D.The meaning of the disaster.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the second paragraph and find the sentence that makes a plan.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong.
句式分析 句中their hearts in their mouths为 作状语；aware of ...wrong为 作状语，其中how引导 从句，that引导 从句，修饰先行词 。
自主翻译
2.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average school students， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
句式分析 句中Guided by a computer为过去分词短语作 ；that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average school students为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词 ，其中used by today’s average school students为过去分词短语作 ，修饰the ones。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
set foot on 踏上，登上
【教材原句】 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。
【用法】
set about （doing） sth 开始（做）某事，着手（做）某事 set aside 把……放到一边；省出，留出（钱或时间） set out （to do sth） 出发；开始（做某事） set up 创立，设立 set down 写下，记下
【佳句】 As soon as I set foot on the land， I was deeply impressed with its scenery.
一踏上这片土地，我就被它的景色深深吸引了。
【助记】 He set down the recipe in a piece of paper.Then he set about cooking the fish.
他在一张纸上写下食谱。然后他开始做鱼。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Three days after he set on his journey， he set foot a lonely island， and began to set in his notebook what he had seen and heard there.
②The expert urges that young couples should set some money every month in case of emergency.
【写美】 一句多译
③我们一周前就开始为这个宴会作准备了。
→We
the dinner party one week ago.
→We
the dinner party one week ago.
become accustomed to 习惯于（做）某事
【教材原句】 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。
【用法】
（1）accustom v. 使习惯（于）；使适应 accustom oneself/sb to sth 使某人习惯于 （2）accustomed adj. 习惯于；通常的 be/get/become accustomed to doing sth 习惯于做某事
【佳句】 People in north China become accustomed to posting paper-cuts on their windows during the Spring Festival.
中国北方的人们习惯于在春节期间在窗户上贴剪纸。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He took his （accustom） seat by the fire and lit a cigarette.
【写美】 同义句转换
②I am accustomed to living in the countryside，and I always find it hard to live in the city.
→ ，I always find it hard to live in the city.（过去分词短语作状语）
→ ，I always find it hard to live in the city.（动词-ing短语作状语）
unexceptional adj.平常的
【教材原句】 Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public， as innovations succeeded each other.
登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。
【用法】
（1）exception n. 例外；例外的事物 no exception 不例外 without exception 无一例外 make an exception 破例，例外 （2）exceptional adj. 杰出的；优秀的；特别的 exceptional talent 非凡的才能 （3）exceptionally adv. 罕见，特别；例外地；只有在特殊情况下
【佳句】 Since then， Michael has lived an unexceptional life.
从那时开始，麦克尔就过着普通的生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His （exception） discrimination ability allowed him to distinguish between different sounds and voices， even in a noisy environment.
②The river used to flood every summer， and this year was exception.
③He was a hard-working， if （exceptional）， student.
【写美】 补全句子
④You must report here every Tuesday .
你每周二都必须来此做报告，不得有例外。
take off （飞机）起飞；脱掉（衣服）；突然大受欢迎；事业腾飞
【教材原句】 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
【用法】
take away 拿走；带走 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take up 拿起；开始做；占据（时间、空间） take down 记下；取下 take over 接管；继承 take in 留宿；吸收；欺骗；理解
【佳句】 After two years of struggling against difficulties along the way to success，his career finally took off.
在通往成功的道路上与困难斗争了两年以后，他的事业最终飞黄腾达。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Whatever weather it is， I always see the policeman take his duties and direct the traffic.
②It doesn’t matter who will take the company， as no one can save it from the financial crisis.
【写美】 补全句子
③
after his CCTV show-up and he gained fame almost overnight.这位业余歌手的歌唱事业在他上了央视节目后开始腾飞，他几乎一夜成名。
involve vt.包括；涉及；使参加
【教材原句】 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
【用法】
（1）involve sb in （doing） sth使某人参与（做）某事；使某人牵扯到某事中 involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事 （2）involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的；有关的 get/be involved in被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于 be/get involved with sb/sth与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系 （3）involvement n. 参与；加入；插手
【佳句】 Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk， I went to a friend.
有一次，当我面临一个涉及高风险的决定时，我去找了一个朋友。
【点津】 involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s believed that students should involve themselves community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
②As a representative， he advocated much more government （involve） in health care.
③When he was young， he did as many things as he could， such as getting （involve） in sports teams and school clubs.
【写美】 语段填空
④Mr Brown found a job as a senior school teacher which spending quite a lot of time with students. Sadly， a serious accident a group of youths happened on him. in the car accident， he had no choice but to stay and wait for the policeman. （involve）
assume v.假定，设想；认为；承担，担任；呈现
【教材原句】 The world went into shock， most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
全世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。
【用法】
（1）assume that 假定，认为…… assume ...to be ... 认为/假定……是…… It is assumed that ... 人们认为…… assume responsible for 承担……的责任 （2）assuming （that） 假定……（作状语） （3）assumption n. 假定 on the assumption that 假定…… make assumptions about 设想……
【佳句】 It is generally assumed that art groups cannot make a profit， which is wrong.人们普遍认为艺术团体不能盈利，这是错误的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It （assume） that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.
②A lot of people make the （assume） that poverty only exists in the developing countries.
③We assumed him （be） the best writer of our time.
【写美】 补全句子
④We are working everyone invited will turn up.我们假定每一位应邀者都会到场并正在作出安排。
cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影
【教材原句】 It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts.这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
【用法】
cast down 使失望；使沮丧（多用于被动语态） cast out 驱逐出去；赶走 cast off 摆脱掉；抛弃 cast away 使（船遇难后的幸存者）流落某处；扔掉；浪费（多用于被动语态）
【佳句】 Don’t let today’s disappointment cast a shadow on tomorrow’s dreams.
不要让今天的不愉快给明天的梦想蒙上阴影。
【点津】 cast的过去式和过去分词均为cast。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Apparently， she was cast by the fact that the majority objected to her proposal.
②I can’t bear young people casting their youth.
③You must really cast all these bad habits.
【写美】 补全句子
④The current situation， in a certain degree， may the future of the talk.目前的局势在一定程度上可能会给会谈的未来蒙上阴影。
suspend v.暂停，中止；推迟；使悬浮
【教材原句】 Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned.
“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。
【用法】
（1）suspend sth/sb （from sth） （by/on sth） 悬/挂/吊……在……上 suspend sth 暂停/中止某事；推迟 suspend sb （from sth） 使某人暂时停职/学 （2）suspension n. 暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）；暂缓，延迟
【佳句】 He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee.
跟裁判发生争执之后，他被停赛四场。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Julie was suspended her job shortly after the incident.
②Art experts have appealed for the （suspend） of plans to restore one of Leonardo da Vinci’s most celebrated paintings.
【写美】 补全句子
③Sales of the drug until more tests are completed.
这种药品在完成进一步检验之前将暂停销售。
call to呼唤；大声呼叫
【教材原句】 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
【用法】
call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事 call in 召集，找来 call on/upon sb 拜访某人 call at 拜访（某地） call off 取消，解除 call for （公开）要求；需要
【佳句】 David called to the children from the foot of the stairs.
大卫在楼梯下喊孩子们。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①All the factors considered， the planned trip will have to be called .
②European contact with Nigeria dates back to the 15th century， when Portuguese merchants called the ancient city of Benin.
【写美】 补全句子
③Now our government a low-carbon life.
现在我们的政府号召我们过低碳生活。
remind sb that ... 使某人想起……
【教材原句】 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
【用法】
（1）remind sb of （doing） sth 提醒某人（做过）某事，使想起（类似的人、地方或事物） remind sb to do sth 提醒某人要做某事 （2）reminder n. 引起回忆的事物 reminder of ……的提醒
【佳句】 Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several people to see.
韦兰太太提醒儿子，他们还有几个人要拜访。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The trip to Xizang in my vacation reminded me the importance of wildlife protection.
②The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure and reminded us （pay） attention to his analysis.
【写美】 补全句子
③I called Jane and the conference had been canceled.
我打电话给简，提醒她会议取消了。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：独立主格结构作状语
【教材原句】 Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。
【用法】
句中their hearts in their mouths 为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 独立主格的常见结构有： （1）名词（代词）＋动词-ing形式 （2）名词（代词）＋过去分词 （3）名词（代词）＋动词不定式 （4）名词（代词）＋介词短语 （5）名词（代词）＋形容词或副词 （6）There being＋名词（代词） （7）It being＋名词（代词）
【品悟】 He was waiting， his eyes on her back.
他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。
【写美】 微写作
①一切安排妥当，他们的爸爸离开厨房，答应保密。
， their father left the kitchen， promising to keep their secret.
②他一见到妈妈，就奔向她的怀抱，内心的恐惧变成了持续的大哭。（情绪描写）
The instant he saw his mother， he ran into her arms， constant crying.
③有这么多的人要帮助我们，我们一定会成功。
， we are sure to succeed.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.set foot on 2.become accustomed to 3.took off
4.lost its wonder 5.exploded 6.being killed 7.disastrous
8.cast a shadow on 9.suspended 10.sacrifice
第二步
1－4 BABD
第三步
She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit：the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked， and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.
第四步
1.独立主格结构 形容词短语 宾语 定语 many things 数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。
2.状语 定语 a computer 后置定语 执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①out； on； down ②aside ③set about preparing for； set out to prepare for
2.①accustomed ②Accustomed to living in the countryside； Accustoming myself to living in the countryside
3.①exceptional ②no ③unexceptional
④without exception
4.①up ②over ③The singing career of the amateur took off
5.①in ②involvement ③involved
④involves； involving； Involved
6.①is assumed ②assumption ③to be
④on the assumption that
7.①down ②away ③off ④cast a shadow on/over
8.①from ②suspension ③will be suspended
9.①off ②at ③calls on us to live
10.①of ②to pay ③reminded her that
重点句型解构
①Everything settled ②the fear inside turning into
③So many people to help us
11 / 11(共129张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Call of the Challenger
[1]Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on① the Moon back on 20
July 1969， people have become accustomed to② the notion③ of space
travel.[2]Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white
television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of④ how arduous⑤
and hazardous⑥ an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could
go wrong.With Armstrong’s now famous words “That’s one small
step for man， one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been
considered impossible had now been achieved.Guided by a computer that
was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average⑦ school
students， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back
to Earth.
[1]本句中Ever since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主
句用现在完成时。
[2]本句中their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构作状语；第
三个and连接aware of后的并列宾语，前一部分为how引导的宾语从
句，后一部分中the many things为介词of的宾语，that could go wrong
为定语从句。
【读文清障】
①set foot on 踏上，登上
②become accustomed to 习惯于（做）某事
③notion n.概念；观点；看法
④（be） aware of 意识到，明白
⑤arduous adj.艰难的；艰苦的
⑥hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
⑦average adj.普通的，一般的
Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became
unexceptional⑧ to the public， as innovations succeeded each
other.[3] By the early 1980s， the great rockets previously used in the
American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle.When
the Challenger space shuttle took off⑨ on 28 January 1986， the world
seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the
astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion， and
millions of people tuned in⑩ to witness the take-off on TV.
It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37， an ordinary teacher
and mother， was about to become the first civilian in space.She
planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit： the first to demonstrate
the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked， and the
second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.Christa
hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the
space programme.With the eyes of students across the nation upon her，
she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space
scientists.
[3]By后跟表示过去的时间状语，句子的谓语用过去完成时。
⑧unexceptional adj.平常的
⑨take off 起飞
⑩tune in 收听，收看
be about to do sth打算做某事
demonstrate v.示范，演示
objective n.目标，目的
a sense of 一种……感
Tragically ， she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle
exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida， and all seven
astronauts on board were killed.The world went into shock， most
people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous
than travelling in an aeroplane.How wrong they had been！
Instantaneously ， excitement and optimism turned into terror and
failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it cast a
shadow on people’s hearts.
“I can remember that day so clearly， watching the take-off on TV
at school，” said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the
Challenger， and we were all very excited.We didn’t have much
patience waiting for the launch.We had seen the smiling faces of the
astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.Then，
little more than a minute after take-off， we saw a strange red and orange
light in the sky， followed by a cloud of white smoke.The Challenger had
exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming .”
[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster， space shuttle
flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the
disaster was investigated ， and some of the shuttle’s components
were redesigned .But there was never any doubt that manned flights
would continue， and on 29 September 1988， the space shuttle
programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and
although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short， they take their
place alongside the other heroes of space exploration， such as Gagarin，
Tereshkova， Armstrong and Yang Liwei.The memory of those seven will
live forever， written in the stars， inspiring us to join them in
humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.[5] The
sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must
continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant they might seem.
[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster为动词-ing形式作
状语；and为并列连词，连接并列的时间状语从句。
[5]The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us为句子主干；
reminding ...为动词-ing形式作状语，其中that引导宾语从句；no
matter how引导让步状语从句。
tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地
explode v.爆炸
on board 在飞机（火车、船）上
assume v.认为
instantaneously adv.瞬间地
shadow n.坏影响，阴影
cast a shadow on
给……蒙上阴影
scream v.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等）尖声大叫
suspend v.暂停，中止
investigate v.调查
component n.部件，组成部分
redesign v.重新设计
resume v.重新开始
crew n.（飞机上的）全体机组人员
sacrifice n.牺牲
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯
于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为
此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、
多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句
名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不
可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员
在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通
学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
【参考译文】
“挑战者”号的呼唤
登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中
的寻常之事。20世纪 80 年代早期，美国太空计划中使用的大型火
箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于 1986 年 1月
28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎
已经失去了新鲜感。然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人打
开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁
名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太
空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，
每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引
力是如何发挥作用的；
第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借
此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国
学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇
航员和太空科学家的理想。
令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里达
州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世
界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危
险，但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败，这
是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视
观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动，
迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，
步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的
红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆
炸了，我们都开始尖叫。”
“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三
年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫无
疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号
的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30 多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的
机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗
和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之
地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们
加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”
号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，
我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What were people’s feelings when people watched that first lunar
landing？（ ）
A. Happy. B. Nervous.
C. Amazed. D. Proud.
2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？ （ ）
A. The Challenger wasn’t so attractive as the first lunar landing to
people.
B. Christa was the first to give lessons in space.
C. Before the 1980s， the space shuttle had appeared.
D. The disaster made a difference to people.
3. What happened after the Challenger disaster？（ ）
A. People’s attitude to space travel changed.
B. Space shuttle flight were suspended for nearly 3 years.
C. People succeeded in launching Discovery.
D. The disaster inspires people to continue space exploration.
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph？ （ ）
A. The great people in space exploration.
B. The memory of the dead seven people.
C. The cause of the disaster.
D. The meaning of the disaster.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the second paragraph and find the sentence that makes a plan.
She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit：the first to
demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity
worked， and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger
programme.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television
sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how arduous and
hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go
wrong.
句式分析 句中their hearts in their mouths为 作状
语；aware of ...wrong为 作状语，其中how引
导 从句，that引导 从句，修饰先行词
。
自主翻译
独立主格结构
形容词短语
宾语
定语
many
things
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动
得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么
危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。
2. Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used
by today’s average school students， all three astronauts of the Apollo
11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
句式分析 句中Guided by a computer为过去分词短语作 ；
that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average
school students为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词
，其中used by today’s average school students为过去分
词短语作 ，修饰the ones。
自主翻译
状语
定语
a
computer
后置定语
执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机
的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生
使用的计算机功能强大。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
set foot on 踏上，登上
【教材原句】 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon
back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of
space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太
空旅行这个概念。
【用法】
set about （doing） sth 开始（做）某事，着手（做）某事
set aside 把……放到一边；省出，留出（钱或时间）
set out （to do sth） 出发；开始（做某事）
set up 创立，设立
set down 写下，记下
【佳句】 As soon as I set foot on the land， I was deeply impressed
with its scenery.
一踏上这片土地，我就被它的景色深深吸引了。
【助记】 He set down the recipe in a piece of paper.Then he set about
cooking the fish.
他在一张纸上写下食谱。然后他开始做鱼。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Three days after he set on his journey， he set foot a
lonely island， and began to set in his notebook what he had
seen and heard there.
②The expert urges that young couples should set some money
every month in case of emergency.
out
on
down
aside
【写美】 一句多译
③我们一周前就开始为这个宴会作准备了。
→We the dinner party one week ago.
→We the dinner party one week ago.
set about preparing for
set out to prepare for
become accustomed to 习惯于（做）某事
【教材原句】 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back
on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of space
travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太
空旅行这个概念。
【用法】
（1）accustom v. 使习惯（于）；使适应
accustom oneself/sb to sth 使某人习惯于
（2）accustomed adj. 习惯于；通常的
be/get/become accustomed to doing sth 习惯于做某事
【佳句】 People in north China become accustomed to posting paper-
cuts on their windows during the Spring Festival.
中国北方的人们习惯于在春节期间在窗户上贴剪纸。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He took his （accustom） seat by the fire and lit a
cigarette.
accustomed
【写美】 同义句转换
②I am accustomed to living in the countryside，and I always find it hard
to live in the city.
→ ，I always find it hard to
live in the city.（过去分词短语作状语）
→ ，I always find it
hard to live in the city.（动词-ing短语作状语）
Accustomed to living in the countryside
Accustoming myself to living in the countryside
unexceptional adj.平常的
【教材原句】 Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly
became unexceptional to the public， as innovations succeeded each
other.
登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻
常之事。
【用法】
（1）exception n. 例外；例外的事物
no exception 不例外
without exception 无一例外
make an exception 破例，例外
（2）exceptional adj. 杰出的；优秀的；特别的
exceptional talent 非凡的才能
（3）exceptionally adv. 罕见，特别；例外地；只有在特殊情况下
【佳句】 Since then， Michael has lived an unexceptional life.从那时
开始，麦克尔就过着普通的生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His （exception） discrimination ability allowed him
to distinguish between different sounds and voices， even in a noisy
environment.
②The river used to flood every summer， and this year was
exception.
③He was a hard-working， if （exceptional），
student.
exceptional
no
unexceptional
【写美】 补全句子
④You must report here every Tuesday .
你每周二都必须来此做报告，不得有例外。
without exception
take off （飞机）起飞；脱掉（衣服）；突然大受欢迎；事业腾飞
【教材原句】 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28
January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing
achievements of the astronauts involved.
当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获
得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
【用法】
take away 拿走；带走
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take up 拿起；开始做；占据（时间、空间）
take down 记下；取下
take over 接管；继承
take in 留宿；吸收；欺骗；理解
【佳句】 After two years of struggling against difficulties along the way
to success，his career finally took off.在通往成功的道路上与困难斗争
了两年以后，他的事业最终飞黄腾达。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Whatever weather it is， I always see the policeman take his
duties and direct the traffic.
②It doesn’t matter who will take the company， as no one can
save it from the financial crisis.
up
over
【写美】 补全句子
③ after his CCTV show-up
and he gained fame almost overnight.
这位业余歌手的歌唱事业在他上了央视节目后开始腾飞，他几乎一夜
成名。
The singing career of the amateur took off
involve vt.包括；涉及；使参加
【教材原句】 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January
1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing
achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于
1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世
界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
【用法】
（1）involve sb in （doing） sth 使某人参与（做）某事；使某人牵
扯到某事中
involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事
（2）involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的；有关的
get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于
be/get involved with sb/sth 与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系
（3）involvement n. 参与；加入；插手
【佳句】 Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk， I
went to a friend.有一次，当我面临一个涉及高风险的决定时，我去找
了一个朋友。
【点津】 involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定
语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句
子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s believed that students should involve themselves
community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
②As a representative， he advocated much more
government （involve） in health care.
③When he was young， he did as many things as he could， such as
getting （involve） in sports teams and school clubs.
in
involvement
involved
【写美】 语段填空
④Mr Brown found a job as a senior school teacher which
spending quite a lot of time with students. Sadly， a serious
accident a group of youths happened on him.
in the car accident， he had no choice but to stay and wait for the
policeman. （involve）
involves
involving
Involved
assume v.假定，设想；认为；承担，担任；呈现
【教材原句】 The world went into shock， most people having
assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling
in an aeroplane.
全世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更
加危险。
【用法】
（1）assume that 假定，认为……
assume ...to be ... 认为/假定……是……
It is assumed that ... 人们认为……
assume responsible for 承担……的责任
（2）assuming （that） 假定……（作状语）
（3）assumption n. 假定
on the assumption that 假定……
make assumptions about 设想……
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It （assume） that global warming and climate change
could cause even more disasters in the future.
②A lot of people make the （assume） that poverty only
exists in the developing countries.
③We assumed him （be） the best writer of our time.
佳句】 It is generally assumed that art groups cannot make a profit，
which is wrong.
人们普遍认为艺术团体不能盈利，这是错误的。
is assumed
assumption
to be
【写美】 补全句子
④We are working everyone invited will turn
up.我们假定每一位应邀者都会到场并正在作出安排。
on the assumption that
cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影
【教材原句】 It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it
cast a shadow on people’s hearts.
这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
【用法】
cast down 使失望；使沮丧（多用于被动语态）
cast out 驱逐出去；赶走
cast off 摆脱掉；抛弃
cast away 使（船遇难后的幸存者）流落某处；扔掉；浪费（多用
于被动语态）
【佳句】 Don’t let today’s disappointment cast a shadow on
tomorrow’s dreams.
不要让今天的不愉快给明天的梦想蒙上阴影。
【点津】 cast的过去式和过去分词均为cast。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Apparently， she was cast by the fact that the majority
objected to her proposal.
②I can’t bear young people casting their youth.
③You must really cast all these bad habits.
down
away
off
【写美】 补全句子
④The current situation， in a certain degree， may
the future of the talk.
目前的局势在一定程度上可能会给会谈的未来蒙上阴影。
cast a shadow
on/over
suspend v.暂停，中止；推迟；使悬浮
【教材原句】 Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space
shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the
disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttle’s components were
redesigned.
“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时
间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。
【用法】
（1）suspend sth/sb （from sth） （by/on sth） 悬/挂/吊……
在……上
suspend sth 暂停/中止某事；推迟
suspend sb （from sth） 使某人暂时停职/学
（2）suspension n. 暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）；暂缓，延迟
【佳句】 He was suspended for four games after arguing with the
referee.
跟裁判发生争执之后，他被停赛四场。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Julie was suspended her job shortly after the incident.
②Art experts have appealed for the （suspend） of plans
to restore one of Leonardo da Vinci’s most celebrated paintings.
from
suspension
【写美】 补全句子
③Sales of the drug until more tests are completed.
这种药品在完成进一步检验之前将暂停销售。
will be suspended
call to呼唤；大声呼叫
【教材原句】 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us
that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they
might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不
可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
【用法】
call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事
call in 召集，找来
call on/upon sb 拜访某人
call at 拜访（某地）
call off 取消，解除
call for （公开）要求；需要
【佳句】 David called to the children from the foot of the stairs.
大卫在楼梯下喊孩子们。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①All the factors considered， the planned trip will have to be
called .
②European contact with Nigeria dates back to the 15th century， when
Portuguese merchants called the ancient city of Benin.
off
at
【写美】 补全句子
③Now our government a low-carbon life.
现在我们的政府号召我们过低碳生活。
calls on us to live
remind sb that ... 使某人想起……
【教材原句】 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding
us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant
they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不
可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
【用法】
（1）remind sb of （doing） sth 提醒某人（做过）某事，使想起
（类似的人、地方或事物）
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人要做某事
（2）reminder n. 引起回忆的事物
reminder of ……的提醒
【佳句】 Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several
people to see.
韦兰太太提醒儿子，他们还有几个人要拜访。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The trip to Xizang in my vacation reminded me the importance
of wildlife protection.
②The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure and reminded
us （pay） attention to his analysis.
of
to pay
【写美】 补全句子
③I called Jane and the conference had been
canceled.
我打电话给简，提醒她会议取消了。
reminded her that
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：独立主格结构作状语
【教材原句】 Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and
white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how
arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that
could go wrong.数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动
得心都提到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危
险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。
【用法】
句中their hearts in their mouths 为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
独立主格的常见结构有：
（1）名词（代词）＋动词-ing形式
（2）名词（代词）＋过去分词
（3）名词（代词）＋动词不定式
（4）名词（代词）＋介词短语
（5）名词（代词）＋形容词或副词
（6）There being＋名词（代词）
（7）It being＋名词（代词）
【品悟】 He was waiting， his eyes on her back.
他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。
【写美】 微写作
①一切安排妥当，他们的爸爸离开厨房，答应保密。
， their father left the kitchen， promising to keep
their secret.
②他一见到妈妈，就奔向她的怀抱，内心的恐惧变成了持续的大哭。
（情绪描写）
The instant he saw his mother， he ran into her arms，
constant crying.
③有这么多的人要帮助我们，我们一定会成功。
， we are sure to succeed.
Everything settled
the fear inside
turning into
So many people to help us
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The mission for the （全体机组人员） of the spaceship is
essentially over.
2. We thought it would make a difference in helping him step out of
the （阴影） of that accident.
3. In June， the officials （中止） the company’s
export licence.
crew
shadow
suspended
4. Upon hearing the fire alarm， the people in the building were panicked
and s .
5. Some people have the wrong n that one can get infected with
AIDS by giving blood.
creamed
otion
维度二：词形转换
1. They were （tragic） wrong， of course， but a lot of
smart people believed them.
2. The photographs are fairly predictable and
（exceptional）.
3. The （assume） that calendar came into being has
proved to be correct.
4. The report calls for a ban on the import of （hazard）
waste.
tragically
unexceptional
assumption
hazardous
5. It will not be long before you get accustomed to （drive）
on the left side of the road in Britain.
6. The school allows a partial （suspend） of its rules on
the last day of term.
driving
suspension
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. When the explorers first （踏上） the continent of
North America， the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing
variety of wildlife.
2. We always （收听） to the latest news at ten o’clock to
know better about the world.
3. The judgement （蒙上阴影） his future， so he
felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court.
set foot on
tune in
cast a shadow on
4. When the delayed flight will （起飞） depends much on
the weather.
5. （天气许可的话）， we can go for a picnic
with the teacher’s permission.
6. （无论多么遥远） apart we are， my thoughts
always find their way back to you.
7. （毫无疑问） that this candidate’s advantage
lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
take off
Weather permitting
No matter how far
There is no doubt
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A group of planners， scientists and engineers in charge of China’s
Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission have received the highest team award
from the International Academy of Astronautics. At the academy’s
annual conference on Sunday in Baku， the capital of Azerbaijan， the
Chinese team was awarded the 2023 Laurels for Team Achievement
Award.
Hu Hao， chief designer of the Chang’e 5 mission and a senior
planner at the China National Space Administration， said at the ceremony
that he hopes more scientists and engineers from the international space
community could take part in China’s lunar exploration projects. He also
added that the samples retrieved （回收） by the Chang’e 5 probe will
soon be open to foreign researchers.
One of the world’s most notable space activities in 2020， the
Chang’e 5 robotic mission was launched in November 2020. It was
China’s first lunar sample-returning mission and one of its most
sophisticated and challenging space attempts. The landmark mission
returned 1，731 grams of rocks and soil back to Earth on Dec 17， 2020，
presenting the first lunar substances to humans since the Apollo era.
On the certificate awarded to the Chinese team， the academy wrote
that during the 23-day mission， the Chang’e-5 team successfully
completed the complicated mission which included a rocket launch，
lunar-Earth transfer， lunar sampling， lunar surface takeoff，
rendezvous and docking， sample transfer， skip re-entry and many other
processes， and obtained two types of lunar samples. It noted the Chinese
team has made outstanding contributions to mankind’s lunar and deep-
space exploration.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。中国嫦娥五号机器人探月任务的
规划者、科学家和工程师获得了国际宇航科学院颁发的最高团队。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。中国嫦娥五号机器人探月任务的
规划者、科学家和工程师获得了国际宇航科学院颁发的最高团队奖。
1. Where is the text most probably taken from？（ ）
A. An advertisement of a robotic lunar company.
B. A research on Chinese lunar exploration.
C. A news report about an international awarding ceremony.
D. A review of the International Academy of Astronautics.
解析： 文章出处题。根据第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了
中国嫦娥五号探月工程团队在阿塞拜疆巴库举办的国际宇航大
会期间，荣获了最高团队奖。文章属于新闻报道，记录了本次
获奖事件。
2. What can we infer from Hu Hao’s words？（ ）
A. China encourages cooperation and sharing in exploring the moon.
B. China has made a difference to international space community.
C. China National Space Administration will soon be open to the world.
D. Chang’e 5 probe will soon continue its mission.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，胡浩期待更多科学
家和工程师参与中国的探月工程，并且采集的样本也即将向外国科
学家开放。由此推断，他希望国家在探月工程方面鼓励国家间合作
共赢，共享科研成果。
3. What can we know from the Chang’e 5 robotic mission？（ ）
A. It marks the world’s first lunar sample-returning mission.
B. It contains various missions except for sample transfer.
C. It was launched in December 2020.
D. It’s a complex space exploration.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，嫦娥五号任务具
有复杂性和挑战性，即它是一次复杂的太空探索。
4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（ ）
A. Hu Hao： A Pioneer in Chinese Lunar Exploration
B. Amazing Lunar Adventures： A Fairy Tale Has Come True
C. Challenging Ways to Returning the First Lunar Sample
D. The Impact of International Academy of Astronautics
解析： 标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，文章主
要介绍了嫦娥五号探月工程所取得的辉煌成绩，从着陆月球到月表
采样再到成功携带样本返回地球，任务的实施是不容易的，而最终
的成功也践行了“嫦娥奔月”这个古老神话。
B
Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects
like asteroids （小行星） and comets， as far as Hollywood is
concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear
weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and
deliver the drama.
But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a
dangerous incoming space rock， the safest and best answer might be
something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it
with a small spacecraft.
That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft
headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos， which is around 7
million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It’s about 525 feet
across and orbits another larger asteroid.
In images streamed as the impact neared， the egg-shaped asteroid
grew in size from a little spot on screen to having its full rocky surface
come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on
target.
Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with
nothing going wrong. “As far as we can tell， our first planetary defense
test was a success，” said Elena Adams， the mission systems
engineer， who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and
joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination.
The impact was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection
Test （DART）， a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which
launched a space vehicle in November 2021 to perform humanity’s first
ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months，
scientists said， before they will be able to determine if the impact was
enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course， probably shortening its
original orbit.
NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named
NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We’ve tracked lots of space rocks， especially
the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully， none
currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos
haven’t yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city
if they came crashing down.” explains Lindley Johnson， NASA’s
Planetary Defense Officer.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）进
行了一次小行星防御测试，即使用航天器撞击小行星以改变其轨道
的实验。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）进
行了一次小行星防御测试，即使用航天器撞击小行星以改变其轨道
的实验。
5. How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully？
（ ）
A. The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared.
B. The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target.
C. They monitored the craft with satellites in space.
D. They recorded the whole process with a telescope.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，蛋形的小行星在屏
幕上由一个小光点快速变大，遍布岩石的行星表面很快进入了人们
的视野，在飞行器撞上小行星的同时，传输信号中断了。
6. What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft？（ ）
A. To save the world and deliver a drama.
B. To search for evidence of alien life.
C. To test technology for defending Earth.
D. To end the asteroid’s threat to Earth.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段和倒数第二段第一句可知，发
射飞行器的目的是测试星球防御技术。
7. What can be inferred about Dimorphos？（ ）
A. It is expected to blow up after the impact.
B. It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit.
C. It is an egg-shaped asteroid around Earth.
D. It is a dangerous incoming space rock.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，该小行星围绕
另一颗大一点的小行星运转；再根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，科
学家预测，飞行器撞上该小行星后，可能会将原来的轨道缩短。综
合推断，Dimorphos可能在撞击后绕同一颗小行星运行。
8. Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with？（ ）
A. Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth.
B. NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth.
C. Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size.
D. NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，NASA已经追踪
了很多大一点的太空岩石，但是许多像Dimorphos这样大小的小行
星还没有被发现，如果它们坠落，可能会摧毁一座城市。由此推
断，NASA计划发射太空望远镜NEO Surveyor主要是为了追踪体积
更小的小行星。
C
What do you do when nobody is around to take your picture？You
take a selfie.But what about selfies in space？NASA astronaut Buzz
Aldrin， who famously became the second man to walk on the Moon in
July 1969， said that he took the first selfie in space during the Gemini 12
mission in 1966.
“For me， it needs to be digital to be a selfie，” argues Jennifer
Levasseur， who is in charge of the Smithsonian National Air and Space
Museum.According to Levasseur，the concept of a selfie is directly linked
to Internet culture and the human desire to interact on social
platforms.“The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it，” she says.
Still， astronauts have been carrying cameras aboard space vehicles
since the 1960s.In 1966， Aldrin used a Hasselblad camera designed
specifically for space.Hasselblad also painted the first camera in space
matte black （磨砂黑） to reduce reflections in the window of the
orbiter.But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions，
like temperature swinging from－149 °F to 248 °F，so Hasselblad
painted later models silver.
Astronauts had to pull the film magazines （胶卷盒） out and leave
their cameras behind when they returned to the Earth， because early space
missions were restricted by a weight limit on the return trip.
A big change in space camera technology came after the sad loss of
the space shuttle Columbia， which broke apart on its return to the Earth in
2003.“Fearing that they would never be able to bring the film back from
space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for being digital，”
Levasseur says.
Today， astronauts can have access to the Internet and social
platforms in space and post true space selfies taken by digital cameras.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空自拍的历史。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空自拍的历史。
9. How did the Hasselblad camera adapt to space temperature changes？
（ ）
A. By changing its inner design.
B. By reducing its reflections.
C. By making it stronger.
D. By painting it silver.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的But cameras used in space
need to survive extreme conditions， like temperature swinging from
－149 °F to 248 °F， so Hasselblad painted later models silver.可
知，为了使照相机能够在极端环境下工作，Hasselblad把它漆成了
银色。
10. Why were cameras left in space on early space missions？（ ）
A. To lighten the load of the spaceship.
B. To test cameras under extreme conditions.
C. To prepare for the next space exploration.
D. To take more pictures on the next trip.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，照相机被留在太
空的原因是飞船载重有限。
11. What advanced space camera technology？（ ）
A. The invention of new films.
B. The popularity of space selfies.
C. The concern about the loss of valuable data.
D. The fear of falling behind in the space race.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的Fearing that they would
never be able to bring the film back from space and lose all that hard
work accelerated the push for being digital可知，害怕在太空中拍摄
的内容丢失加速了太空相机技术的发展。
12. What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A. The Origin of Selfies in Space
B. The History of Selfies in Space
C. The Significance of Selfies in Space
D. The Technique of Selfies in Space
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了太
空自拍的历史。因此B项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The age of space exploration started on 12 April 1961， when the
Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer
space. But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even
deadly to humans？ The answer is simple. 13.（ ） In this article，
we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
Promote the progress of medicine
14. （ ） For example， analyzing the effects of zero-gravity
（零重力） on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent
some heart illnesses. The experiments and measurements of bone strength
and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone
diseases.
Develop new technologies
The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the
shortest period of time. 15.（ ） For example， the running shoes
were originally developed for astronauts. We use them in our day-to-day
lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally
developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon.
Start space tourism
The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer
space. However， it is still too expensive to go to space. As reusable
rockets improve， the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.
16.（ ）
Inspire the next generation
Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children. 17.（ ）
Not only is this good for them as STEM （Science， Technology，
Engineering and Mathematics） jobs can secure them a comfortable
future， but it also helps humans.
A. Technologies have advanced considerably.
B. It gets students interested in science and technology.
C. Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D. These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E. The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F. Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G. Throughout the years， companies have found consumer uses for many
of these developments.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的四大好
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的四大好处。
13. E 上文中的问句是在提出问题，而空后一句是在回答这个问题。
E项（太空探索的好处远远大于它的危险）解释了为什么我们要去探
索太空，承上启下。
14. F 根据小标题可知，本段是在讲太空探索对医学的影响。F项
（研究太空旅行的影响可以带来一些医疗益处）符合语境。
15. G 下文的举例说明了原本为宇航员开发的技术也应用到了普通
人的生活中。G项（多年来，公司已经为这些发展成果的许多方面找
到了消费用途）符合语境。
16. C 根据上句可知，太空旅行的成本大大降低了，空处应该说明
这会带来什么好处。C项（希望有一天我们所有人都能接触到它们）
承接上文。
17. B 上句是在讲太空探索对孩子们的影响。B项（它让学生对科学
技术感兴趣）说明了太空探索所激发的好奇心使学生对科学技术感兴
趣，也是太空探索对孩子的影响。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Scientists have found a new risk of space travel.They have discovered
that our DNA can change while 18. （go） into
space.DNA mutations （改变） could increase the risk of space travelers
getting cancer.The scientists did research 19. 14 NASA
astronauts who took part in the Space Shuttle program between 1998 and
2001.20. astronauts provided blood samples ten days
before they went into space and three days after returning to the Earth.The
blood 21.
（freeze） for the past 20 years.Professor David Goukassian said，
“Astronauts work in an extreme environment 22. many factors can result in mutations.”He added，“Space radiation means there is a risk that mutations could develop.” Professor Goukassian said 23. （he） study could be important for the future of space travel.In particular， several nations are 24. （active） working on sending astronauts to Mars.Other countries are preparing to build bases on the Moon.There is also a race by 25.
（commerce） companies to start the business of space
tourism.Goukassian said there were possible health risks to space travel
and to exploring deep space.He said more research was needed
26. （study） the harmful effects of space travel on the
human body.This could be important for NASA’s Artemis project.This
aims to send people back to the Moon for the first time in 50 years.The last
time 27. （human） went to the Moon was during the
Apollo 17 mission in December 1972.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现我们的DNA在进入太空
时会发生变化。DNA突变可能会增加太空旅行者患癌症的风险。
18. going 考查省略句。此处为“while＋动词-ing形式”省略结构作
状语，while后省略了we are，故填going。
19. on 考查介词。do research on 意为“对……进行研究”，故填
on。
20. The 考查冠词。此处特指那些参与研究的宇航员，故填The。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现我们的DNA在进入太空
时会发生变化。DNA突变可能会增加太空旅行者患癌症的风险。
21. has been frozen 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状
语for the past 20 years可知，应用现在完成时，同时表示被动，故填
has been frozen。
22. where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词
environment，同时在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
23. his 考查代词。study是名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词作定
语，故填his。
24. actively 考查词形转换。修饰动词working，应用副词作状语，故
填actively。
mercial 考查词形转换。修饰名词companies，应用形容词作
定语，故填commercial。
26. to study 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处应用动词不定式
作目的状语，故填to study。
27. humans 考查名词的单复数。human是可数名词，前无限定词，
故填复数humans。
谢谢观看！
