Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1.The second window， shown in Figure 4， is the （模拟的） browser.
2.In Ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost （逼真的）.
3.Unless you （提交） an application within seven days， the investment will be withdrawn.
4.The wide plain， with thousands of animals on the move， was an a spectacle.
5.The flight s is even more smooth and fun to fly than ever.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. in the following year！
祝你在新的一年里好运连连！
2. on such a crowded road on a rainy day？
下雨天，你敢在这么拥挤的道路上开车吗？
3.We too much roast food as it may do harm to our health.
我们最好不要吃太多的烧烤食品，因为它可能对我们的健康有害。
4.I’d appreciate it if at your earliest convenience.
如果在你方便的时候能尽早回复我的信，我将非常感激。
5.I am sorry； I at my daughter.
我感到后悔，我本不该对我女儿大喊大叫。
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用适当的情态动词填空。
I 1. have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced as well as her.No one 2. be compared with Ellen in dancing.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking.I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao” just as I 3. do in China.Teachers recommend parents 4. not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Students 5. obey school rules.One of our rules is that every student 6. wear the school uniform while at school.
It is required by the rules that students 7. get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my understanding that many adults 8. be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On Dec 9， 2021， astronauts Zhai Zhigang， Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu held their first open class aboard the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station for pupils.
In the 50-minute online class， the three astronauts explained daily life in space， how to walk in a microgravity environment and showed the children how to recycle water， oxygen and carbon dioxide in their environment. Applause broke out among the 1，420-strong audience at the CSTM when one of the three astronauts poured out water， which formed into a perfect ball. Applause broke out again when they put an effervescent tablet （泡腾片） into the water， which sparked into bubbles （气泡）. But the bubbles did not burst and instead stayed complete.
The open science lesson was broadcast live to the nation. On domestic video-sharing website Bilibili alone， the open course was watched at least 6 million times， with more views on other platforms and TV channels.
For Shi Hao， a space specialist at China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation， the growing desire of school pupils to pursue knowledge about space reflects the growing potential of China in exploring the universe in the future.
“I still remember how impressed I was by the launch of Shenzhou Ⅵin September 2005. From then on， I have carved out the dream of pursuing my career in astronautics from the bottom of my heart.” Shi said. “For many people like me， this is not only a job， but a lifelong addiction and commitment. It is of vital importance to let Chinese youths touch astronautics during their childhood so as to sustain the building of talents.”
He was echoed （回应） by Zhou， who places high hopes on the future of China’s space industry. “We have a population of 1.4 billion， of which more than 200 million are pupils at school. By inspiring their enthusiasm， China will get an abundant supply of talents for the national space research team.”he said.“Chinese people will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children.”
1.What happened to the bubbles in the experiment？（ ）
A.They kept in an original state.
B.They broke all of a sudden.
C.They disappeared completely.
D.They floated in the space craft.
2.What can we learn about Shi Hao？（ ）
A.He was born with a talent in astronautics.
B.He is devoted to his career in astronautics.
C.He is an inspiration to many school pupils.
D.He was involved in the launch of Shenzhou Ⅵ.
3.Which statement will Zhou probably agree with？（ ）
A.It is tough to inspire pupils’ enthusiasm at school.
B.It is essential to expose children to space exploration.
C.It is unlikely to get abundant space research talents.
D.It is challenging to launch space courses among pupils.
4.Why did the author write this passage？（ ）
A.To introduce a unique lesson about an experiment in space.
B.To compliment the great achievements of space made in China.
C.To strengthen the importance of space knowledge among pupils.
D.To encourage astronautics staffs to devote themselves to their career.
B
Mars is no stranger to life. Seven US spacecraft have successfully landed there， and all of them took microbes to the planet’s surface （though the bugs probably did not survive for long）. Yet the world’s space agencies continue to maintain strict spacecraft sterilization （消毒） procedures in the hope of minimizing the spread of Earth life beyond our planet. For decades this idea — known as planetary protection — is widespread. Now， some scientists say， these procedures are preventing the search for life beyond Earth by raising costs and preventing innovative missions — without meaningful benefits.
Of all missions to Mars to date， only the Vikings， the first trip to the Red Planet， were intended to test for life. Spacecraft that went later did not have that ability. But a future mission will， and the protectionist thinking goes， a spacecraft might not be able to distinguish between a life form native to Mars and one with origins on Earth. In July 2013 astrobiologists Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Alberto Fairén argued against this in Nature Geoscience.
“If Earth life can thrive on Mars， they almost certainly already do，” the authors write. “If they cannot， the transfer of Earth life to Mars should be of no concern， as it would simply not survive.”
With clear evidence of a watery history and some signs of water present， Mars could be where we find life in our solar system. And with the development of Curiosity’s precise landing system， we can finally reach the mysterious parts of the planet. But it’s these areas that require a craft sterilization process.
In the 1970s Vikings 1 and 2 revealed what seemed like a dead planet， so planetary-protection requirements were relaxed. Now， with more knowledge of Mars’ environment， missions set to visit areas with evidence of flowing water below the surface have to meet the strict-and more costly-Vikings standards.
Finally， there’s the philosophical problem of what responsibility， if any， we have to other planets and any life we leave there. The truth is we’re never going to be able to fully protect Mars if we intend to explore it. And spreading is simply what life does.
“If we want to survive for a long time， we have to expand beyond Earth，” Schulze-Makuch says. “There’s no other way.”
5.Strict spacecraft sterilization procedures are meant to .（ ）
A.decrease the costs of space exploration
B.help the search for life forms beyond Earth
C.contribute to innovative missions in the universe
D.prevent Earth life being transferred to other planets
6.Planetary-protection requirements were relaxed in the 1970s because .（ ）
A.there was no precise landing system
B.Mars was considered to be a lifeless planet
C.the mysterious parts of Mars remained unknown
D.flowing water was found below the surface of Mars
7.Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Alberto Fairén are most likely to agree that .（ ）
A.Mars is now on the edge of being destroyed
B.human beings are too ambitious to expand beyond Earth
C.there is no need to worry about bringing Earth life to Mars
D.we need to be responsible for keeping Mars what it is like now
8.Schulze-Makuch takes a（n） attitude towards planetary protection. （ ）
A.optimistic B.relaxed
C.debatable D.negative
Ⅱ.完形填空
Camels have beautifully adapted to the severe life in our planet’s hot and dry deserts.They have not just lived in these areas but also helped 9 human life there.
The 7ft mammals take in every bit of 10 from their plant-based diets.Their humps store fat， which the camels use as a（n） 11 of water and energy on the move.These animals don’t even 12 in the 49 ℃ desert heat.
There are two 13 of camels — Bactrian and Arabian.The Bactrian camels have two humps and live in the rocky deserts of Central Asia.The Arabian camels have just one hump.They are 14 in North Africa and the Middle East.
A group of geneticists 15 over 1，080 Arabian camels.They 16 the DNA of these camels from around the world， with DNA samples taken from ancient camel fossils.
They found a surprising 17 at the DNA level — that is， even camels that were geographically separated shared very similar genes.The 18 for this was clear.Many Arabian camels were a necessary part of trading caravans that traveled long distances across continents.Often， 19 were forced to leave behind some 20 animals and take fresh animals on their return journey.This 21 centuries of cross-breeding， and very similar genes across camel populations in different areas.
This genetic mixing means camels are also likely to adapt 22 to changing environments.With issues of climate change and desert areas growing around the world， camels could possibly adapt much better to such 23 than other species of animals.
9.（ ）A.support B.decide
C.record D.influence
10.（ ）A.meat B.water
C.blood D.nutrition
11.（ ）A.method B.example
C.choice D.source
12.（ ）A.sweat B.sleep
C.rest D.eat
13.（ ）A.sizes B.types
C.colours D.functions
14.（ ）A.examined B.protected
C.found D.raised
15.（ ）A.saved B.freed
C.studied D.bought
16.（ ）A.reported B.compared
C.related D.painted
17.（ ）A.similarity B.quality
C.picture D.idea
18.（ ）A.concern B.value
C.reason D.excuse
19.（ ）A.businessmen B.farmers
C.hunters D.travelers
20.（ ）A.small B.lazy
C.hungry D.worn-out
21.（ ）A.referred to B.pointed to
C.led to D.belonged to
22.（ ）A.quickly B.directly
C.safely D.suddenly
23.（ ）A.failures B.results
C.events D.changes
Ⅲ.语法填空
On Earth， everyone has a home.While in space， there is also a home.It is nearly as big as a soccer field and 24. （large） than a six-bedroom house.It is the International Space Station （ISS）.
The ISS is home to astronauts.25. （usual）， there are three to six astronauts on board.Astronauts in the space station are very busy 26. （do） many science experiments in biology and physics.They study the effects 27. the human body after long exposure to microgravity.Sometimes they go on spacewalks to work outside the station.
As a groundbreaking scientific research facility， the ISS 28. （benefit） people on the Earth.Robots on the ISS have inspired medical technology.Now it is possible for patients 29. （receive） certain surgery by a robotic arm， 30. performs better than humans.The ISS also helps to watch the Earth’s ecosystems 31. warns us of volcano eruptions and earthquakes.
In the future， space will be home to more 32. （station） like the ISS.China has built 33. （it） own space station， and it will be open to the whole world to explore the unknown together.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.simulated 2.lifelike 3.submit 4.awesome 5.simulator
维度二
1.May you be lucky
2.Do you dare to drive a car
3.had better not eat
4.you could reply to my letter
5.shouldn’t have shouted
维度三
1.needn’t 2.can 3.might 4.should 5.must 6.shall
7.shall 8.should
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2021年12月9日，中国航天员在中国空间站进行了“天宫课堂”第一节课的授课，这次太空授课取得了圆满成功。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，实验中的气泡并没有破裂，而是保持了最初的完整状态。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中Shi Hao所说的For many people like me， this is not only a job， but a lifelong addiction and commitment.可知，Shi Hao终身致力于航天事业。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Zhou所说的Chinese people will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children可知，Zhou认为中国太空探索的希望在于我们的孩子。由此推断，他会赞同“必须让孩子们接触太空探索”这一说法。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段、第五段最后一句和第六段中Zhou所说的Chinese people will step ...lies in our children.可推知，空间站上的首次公开课和相关专业人员以及科学家的话语表达了加强学生航空航天知识学习的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了对“行星保护”这种看法的不同观点。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，航天器消毒程序是希望尽量减少地球生命在我们星球之外的传播。
6.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句可知，行星保护要求在20世纪70年代被放宽了是因为火星被认为是一个没有生命的星球。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句及第三段内容可知，他们认为没有必要担心把地球上的生命带到火星。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，舒尔茨-马库奇支持扩张，对行星保护采取了一种反对的态度。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。遗传学家发现，不同品种的骆驼有着相似的基因。
9.A 根据常识可知，骆驼对生活在沙漠里的人很有帮助。
10.D 根据本句中的diets可知，从食物中吸收的应该是营养。
11.D 根据本句中的fat可知，储存在驼峰里的脂肪是骆驼活动时所需水和能量的来源。
12.A 根据空后的in the 49 ℃ desert heat可推测，这里指骆驼甚至在49 ℃的高温中都不出汗。
13.B 根据本段内容可知，Bactria （双峰驼）和Arabian （阿拉伯单峰驼）是两个不同的骆驼品种。
14.C 对照上文中的live in the rocky deserts of Central Asia可知，在北非和中东能找到阿拉伯单峰驼。
15.C 根据下段中的They found ...shared very similar genes.可知，这些遗传学家应该是研究了1，080头阿拉伯单峰驼，并对这些骆驼的DNA进行比较后才发现这些骆驼的基因很相似。
16.B 参见上题解析。
17.A 本句中的shared very similar genes提示了本题答案。
18.C 本句后介绍的就是不同地方的骆驼基因相似的原因。
19.A 根据上句中的trading caravans可知，这里指商人。
20.D 根据本空后的fresh animals可知，这里指留下精疲力竭的骆驼，重新换一批精力充沛的骆驼。
21.C 根据上文中的across continents可知，商队把骆驼带到了不同的大洲，这导致了杂交繁育，使得不同地方的骆驼有着相似的基因。
22.A 根据本句中的genetic mixing可知，骆驼到了其他大洲不仅生存下来，还繁衍了后代，这说明骆驼能很快适应新环境。
23.D 根据本句中的climate change and desert areas growing around the world可知，这里指的是骆驼比其他动物能更好地应对气候变化、全球沙漠化等变化。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了国际空间站的相关信息。
24.larger 考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的than判断，应填large的比较级larger。
25.Usually 考查词形转换。空处作句子的状语，意为“通常”，用副词Usually，注意首字母大写。
26.doing 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth意为“忙于做某事”，是固定搭配。
27.on 考查介词。the effect on意为“对……的影响”，是固定用法。
28.benefits 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，主语是ISS，且联系上下文可知，用一般现在时，故填benefits。
29.to receive 考查非谓语动词。it是形式主语，故填动词不定式作真正的主语。
30.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是 a robotic arm，故用 which。
31.and 考查连词。所填词连接并列的谓语helps和warns，故填and。
32.stations 考查名词的单复数。由more可知，应用复数形式。
33.its 考查代词。one’s own意为“某人自己的”，是固定用法。
5 / 5Section Ⅱ Using language
复习：情态动词
①When she was young， she could dance very well.
②Can/Could you help me？
③An experienced teacher can make mistakes.
④It could be weeks before we get a reply.
⑤This coat may be Peter’s.
⑥Since you are here already， you may as well stay here and enjoy yourself.
⑦May/Might I have a few words with your manager？
⑧They must be hungry after a long walk.
⑨If you must smoke， please go out.
⑩Shall we begin our lesson？
Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.
It’s strange that he should be late.
Will/Would you go with me？
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
He will/would take you home.
【我的发现】
1.以上例句中，①②③④为can/could的用法，它们可以表示“ ”。
2.例句⑤⑥⑦为may/might的用法，它们可以表示“ ”等，may/might as well意为“ ”。
3.例句⑧中must表示“ ”；例句⑨中must意为“ ”。
4.例句⑩中shall表示“ ”；例句 中shall表示“ ”。
5.例句 中should意为“ ”。
6.例句 中will/would表示“ ”；例句 中would表示“ ”；例句 中will/would表示“ ”。
一、情态动词的概念
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
二、情态动词知多少
常用的情态动词有：shall， should， will （would）， can （could）， may （might）， must， ought to， dare， need。现代英语语法还将have to， used to， had better， would rather， be going to， be about to 等列为情态动词。
三、情态动词的位置
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词则在主语之前。
四、情态动词的特点
1.情态动词无人称和数的变化。
2.情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形。
3.否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。
4.个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。
五、常用情态动词的用法
1.can与could的用法
（1）表示能力（could是过去式）。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet， but she couldn’t last year.
我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。
（2）表示猜测，意为“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句（could是过去式）。
Can this news be true？
这则消息可能是真的吗？
（3）表示请求和许可（could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can）。
— Can/Could I go now？
— Yes，you can.
——我现在可以走了吗？
——是的，可以。
（4）用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。
As we all know， anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。
（5）习惯用法cannot ...too ...表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”。有时cannot可用can never替代。
We cannot thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
对于你们为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感激你们都不过分。
2.may与might的用法
（1）表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。
— May/Might I play computer games after supper？
— Yes，you may./No，you mustn’t/can’t.
——晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？
——是的，可以。/不，不行。
（2）表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，用于肯定句。might语气更加不肯定，指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do （be）才表示过去的可能性。
I think he may come tomorrow.
我认为明天他可能会来。
（3）may用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
3.must的用法
（1）表示义务，意为“必须”，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式为mustn’t （不准，禁止）。
You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word.
你不能那么做，因为你得遵守诺言。
名师点津
以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答中要用must，否定回答中要用needn’t/don’t have to。
— Must I finish the paper today？
— Yes，you must./No，you needn’t/don’t have to.
——今天我必须完成论文吗？
——是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
（2）表示有把握的肯定推测，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”；在否定句、疑问句中要用can’t代替，表示“不可能会”。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。（对现在情况的肯定推测）
That can’t be the only way.There must be other ways of solving the problem.
那不可能是唯一的办法，肯定有别的办法。（对现在情况的否定推测）
（3）表示感彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.
我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。
4.will与would的用法
（1）表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那样做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.
他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。
（2）表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would表示更委婉的语气。
Will/Would you please take a message for me？
你能帮我捎个口信吗？
（3）表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。
Fish will die without water.
没有水鱼儿就会死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper， listening to his stories.
过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。
名师点津
would与used to
两者均表示“过去常常”，但would仅表示过去的习惯性动作（不表示状态），现在有可能还如此，也可能不再那样；used to既表示过去的动作也表示过去的状态，不过现在不再做或不再有那种状态了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。（现在可能还在那里散步）
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。（而现在已不在那里散步了）
（4）用于否定句，表示“不肯；不乐意”。
No matter what I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.
无论我说什么，他就是不肯听我的。
5.shall与should的用法
（1）shall用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
What shall I/we do next？
我/我们下一步该做什么？
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital？我哥哥什么时候可以出院？
（2）shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall go with me.
（命令）你跟我走。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.
（允诺）你在生日时会得到一件新裙子。
He shall be punished.
（威胁）他会受到惩罚的。
（3）should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to；还可表示可能性或表示惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。
You should go to class right away.
你应该立刻去上课。
Don’t ask me.How should I know？
别问我，我怎么会知道？
6.need和dare的用法
（1）need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
You needn’t go there now.你现在不必去那儿。
Need I go there now？我现在需要去那儿吗？
名师点津
由need开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn’t。
— Need I hand in my paper now？
— Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t.
——我现在需要上交论文吗？
——是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。
（2）need作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称和数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。
You need to be careful.你得小心些。
You don’t need to be so worried.
你不必如此担心。
（3）dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间我不敢在小树林里走。
（4）dare作实义动词时，在否定句中不定式符号to也可以省略。
The children don’t dare （to） make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢发出一点声音。
【即时演练1】 选词填空
①We （had to； should） postpone the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
②The manager is so hot-tempered that I dare not （to tell； tell） him the bad news.
③Tony has known the good news， so you needn’t （to tell； tell） it to him.
④In today’s information age， the loss of data （must； can） cause serious problems.
⑤I talked with her for a long time， and eventually I （could； was able to） make her believe me.
⑥Students （shall， can） remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
⑦You （shouldn’t； won’t） eat between meals， for it will make you fat.
⑧ （should； will） you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium？
六、“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”句型
1.must have done表示对过去发生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/can’t have done代替。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
2.can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生事情的推测。could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。
Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。
3.should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而（实际上）没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示“某种行为不该发生却发生了”。
You should have done more exercise before.
以前你应该多进行锻炼的。
4.need have done表示“本需要做某事而实际未做”；needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。
As it turned out to be a small family party， we needn’t have dressed up so formally.
原来是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来没必要穿得那么正式。
5.may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might时表示语气更加不肯定。
You might have read about the news in the papers.
你可能已经在报纸上看过这个消息了。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①I the report without your timely help.
没有你的及时帮助，我是不可能完成报告的。
②Paul did a great job in the contest. He many times.
保罗在比赛中表现不错。他肯定练了很多遍。
③Our team the game， but our main player got injured in the first half of the match.
我们队本应赢得这场比赛，但我们的主力队员在上半场比赛中受伤了。
④I ， for the weather is fine.
天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。
sign up for 报名参加
【教材原句】 Sign up for our space programme now and give your knowledge of aviation and space a boost！
现在就报名参加我们的太空计划吧，让你的航空航天知识得到提升！
【用法】
sign away 签字转让；签字放弃 sign in （到旅馆或俱乐部）签到，登记 sign out 签名离开 sign off 结束写信；签字认可
【佳句】 I’m thinking of signing up for a yoga course.我在考虑报名参加一门瑜伽课。
【练透】 用sign的相关短语填空
①All the participants were required to as they entered the hall to attend the meeting.
②They are willing to their entire worldly possessions.
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.能力，请求，允许，推测，客观或理论上的可能性 2.请求，许可，推测 还是……好；倒不如…… 3.推测 偏偏，非要
4.征求对方意见 允诺 5.竟然 6.请求，建议 习惯 意愿和意志
即时演练1
①had to ②tell ③tell ④can ⑤was able to ⑥shall
⑦shouldn’t ⑧Will
即时演练2
①couldn’t have finished ②must have practiced ③should have won ④needn’t have taken the umbrella
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①sign in ②sign away
7 / 7(共87张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：情态动词
①When she was young， she could dance very well.
②Can/Could you help me？
③An experienced teacher can make mistakes.
④It could be weeks before we get a reply.
⑤This coat may be Peter’s.
⑥Since you are here already， you may as well stay here and enjoy
yourself.
⑦May/Might I have a few words with your manager？
⑧They must be hungry after a long walk.
⑨If you must smoke， please go out.
⑩Shall we begin our lesson？
Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.
It’s strange that he should be late.
Will/Would you go with me？
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
He will/would take you home.
【我的发现】
1. 以上例句中，①②③④为can/could的用法，它们可以表示“
”。
2. 例句⑤⑥⑦为may/might的用法，它们可以表示“
”等，may/might as well意为“
”。
3. 例句⑧中must表示“ ”；例句⑨中must意为“
”。
4. 例句⑩中shall表示“ ”；例句 中shall表示
“ ”。
能
力，请求，允许，推测，客观或理论上的可能性
请求，许可，
推测
还是……好；倒不
如……
推测
偏偏，非
要
征求对方意见
允诺
5. 例句 中should意为“ ”。
6. 例句 中will/would表示“ ”；例句 中would表
示“ ”；例句 中will/would表示“ ”。
竟然
请求，建议
习惯
意愿和意志
一、情态动词的概念
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气
的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
二、情态动词知多少
常用的情态动词有：shall， should， will （would）， can
（could）， may （might）， must， ought to， dare， need。现代英
语语法还将have to， used to， had better， would rather， be going to，
be about to 等列为情态动词。
三、情态动词的位置
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在
助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词则在主语之前。
四、情态动词的特点
1. 情态动词无人称和数的变化。
2. 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形。
3. 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。
4. 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客
气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。
五、常用情态动词的用法
1. can与could的用法
（1）表示能力（could是过去式）。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet， but she
couldn’t last year.
我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。
（2）表示猜测，意为“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句（could
是过去式）。
Can this news be true？
这则消息可能是真的吗？
（3）表示请求和许可（could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用
can）。
— Can/Could I go now？
— Yes，you can.
——我现在可以走了吗？
——是的，可以。
（4）用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。
As we all know， anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。
（5）习惯用法cannot ...too ...表示“无论怎样……都不过分，
越……越好”。有时cannot可用can never替代。
We cannot thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
对于你们为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感激你们都不过分。
2. may与might的用法
（1）表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。以may/might
开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。
— May/Might I play computer games after supper？
— Yes，you may./No，you mustn’t/can’t.
——晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？
——是的，可以。/不，不行。
（2）表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，用于肯定句。might语
气更加不肯定，指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do
（be）才表示过去的可能性。
I think he may come tomorrow.
我认为明天他可能会来。
（3）may用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
3. must的用法
（1）表示义务，意为“必须”，语气比should，ought to强烈。其
否定形式为mustn’t （不准，禁止）。
You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word.
你不能那么做，因为你得遵守诺言。
名师点津
以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答中要用must，否定回答中要用
needn’t/don’t have to。
— Must I finish the paper today？
— Yes，you must./No，you needn’t/don’t have to.
——今天我必须完成论文吗？
——是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
（2）表示有把握的肯定推测，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准
是”；在否定句、疑问句中要用can’t代替，表示“不可能
会”。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。（对现在情况的肯定推测）
That can’t be the only way.There must be other ways of solving
the problem.
那不可能是唯一的办法，肯定有别的办法。（对现在情况的否
定推测）
（3）表示感彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.
我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。
4. will与would的用法
（1）表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would
指过去。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那样做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.
他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。
（2）表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would表示更委婉
的语气。
Will/Would you please take a message for me？
你能帮我捎个口信吗？
（3）表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，
would指过去。
Fish will die without water.
没有水鱼儿就会死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper， listening to his
stories.
过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。
名师点津
would与used to
两者均表示“过去常常”，但would仅表示过去的习惯性动作（不表
示状态），现在有可能还如此，也可能不再那样；used to既表示过去
的动作也表示过去的状态，不过现在不再做或不再有那种状态了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。（现在可能还在那里散步）
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。（而现在已不在那里散步了）
（4）用于否定句，表示“不肯；不乐意”。
No matter what I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.
无论我说什么，他就是不肯听我的。
5. shall与should的用法
（1）shall用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方
的意见或向对方请示。
What shall I/we do next？
我/我们下一步该做什么？
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital？
我哥哥什么时候可以出院？
（2）shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警
告、允诺或威胁。
You shall go with me.
（命令）你跟我走。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.
（允诺）你在生日时会得到一件新裙子。
He shall be punished.
（威胁）他会受到惩罚的。
（3）should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought
to；还可表示可能性或表示惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。
You should go to class right away.
你应该立刻去上课。
Don’t ask me.How should I know？
别问我，我怎么会知道？
6. need和dare的用法
（1）need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词
时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的
变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
You needn’t go there now.
你现在不必去那儿。
Need I go there now？
我现在需要去那儿吗？
名师点津
由need开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常
用needn’t。
— Need I hand in my paper now？
— Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t.
——我现在需要上交论文吗？
——是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。
（2）need作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有
时态、人称和数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动
词do。
You need to be careful.
你得小心些。
You don’t need to be so worried.
你不必如此担心。
（3）dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用
于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句
中，表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间我不敢在小树林里走。
（4）dare作实义动词时，在否定句中不定式符号to也可以省略。
The children don’t dare （to） make a sound while their parents
are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢发出一点声音。
【即时演练1】 选词填空
①We （had to； should） postpone the sports meeting
because of the bad weather.
②The manager is so hot-tempered that I dare not （to tell； tell）
him the bad news.
③Tony has known the good news， so you needn’t （to tell；
tell） it to him.
④In today’s information age， the loss of data （must； can）
cause serious problems.
had to
tell
tell
can
⑤I talked with her for a long time， and eventually I
（could； was able to） make her believe me.
⑥Students （shall， can） remain in their seats until all the
papers have been collected.
⑦You （shouldn’t； won’t） eat between meals， for
it will make you fat.
⑧ （should； will） you please tell me how to get to the Capital
Gymnasium？
was able to
shall
shouldn’t
Will
六、“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”句型
1. must have done表示对过去发生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的
推测，意为“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句
或疑问句中通常被can/can’t have done代替。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
2. can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生
事情的推测。could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过
某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。
Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library
just now.
史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。
3. should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而（实际上）没
有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示“某种行为不该
发生却发生了”。
You should have done more exercise before.
以前你应该多进行锻炼的。
4. need have done表示“本需要做某事而实际未做”；needn’t have
done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。
As it turned out to be a small family party， we needn’t have dressed
up so formally.
原来是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来没必要穿得那么正式。
5. may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许
已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might
时表示语气更加不肯定。
You might have read about the news in the papers.
你可能已经在报纸上看过这个消息了。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①I the report without your timely help.
没有你的及时帮助，我是不可能完成报告的。
②Paul did a great job in the contest. He many
times.
保罗在比赛中表现不错。他肯定练了很多遍。
③Our team the game， but our main player got
injured in the first half of the match.
我们队本应赢得这场比赛，但我们的主力队员在上半场比赛中受
伤了。
④I ， for the weather is fine.
天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。
couldn’t have finished
must have practiced
should have won
needn’t have taken the umbrella
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
sign up for 报名参加
【教材原句】 Sign up for our space programme now and give your
knowledge of aviation and space a boost！
现在就报名参加我们的太空计划吧，让你的航空航天知识得到提升！
【用法】
sign away 签字转让；签字放弃
sign in （到旅馆或俱乐部）签到，登记
sign out 签名离开
sign off 结束写信；签字认可
【佳句】 I’m thinking of signing up for a yoga course.我在考虑报名
参加一门瑜伽课。
【练透】 用sign的相关短语填空
①All the participants were required to as they entered the hall
to attend the meeting.
②They are willing to their entire worldly possessions.
sign in
sign away
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1. The second window， shown in Figure 4， is the （模
拟的） browser.
2. In Ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were
almost （逼真的）.
simulated
lifelike
3. Unless you （提交） an application within seven days，
the investment will be withdrawn.
4. The wide plain， with thousands of animals on the move， was an
a spectacle.
5. The flight s is even more smooth and fun to fly than ever.
submit
wesome
imulator
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. in the following year！
祝你在新的一年里好运连连！
2. on such a crowded road on a rainy
day？
下雨天，你敢在这么拥挤的道路上开车吗？
3. We too much roast food as it may do harm to our
health.
我们最好不要吃太多的烧烤食品，因为它可能对我们的健康有害。
May you be lucky
Do you dare to drive a car
had better not eat
4. I’d appreciate it if at your earliest
convenience.
如果在你方便的时候能尽早回复我的信，我将非常感激。
5. I am sorry； I at my daughter.
我感到后悔，我本不该对我女儿大喊大叫。
you could reply to my letter
shouldn’t have shouted
维度三：语法与语篇
根据语境，用适当的情态动词填空。
I 1. have worried before I came to the new school，for
my classmates here are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I
wish I danced as well as her.No one 2. be compared with Ellen in
dancing.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he did something instead
of just talking.I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I
said “Ni Hao” just as I 3. do in China.Teachers recommend
parents 4. not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to
school for safety.Students 5. obey school rules.One of our rules
is that every student 6. wear the school uniform while at school.
needn’t
can
might
should
must
shall
It is required by the rules that students 7. get grades not
lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my
understanding that many adults 8. be so crazy about Harry
Potter series like me.
shall
should
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On Dec 9， 2021， astronauts Zhai Zhigang， Wang Yaping and Ye
Guangfu held their first open class aboard the Tianhe core module of the
Chinese space station for pupils.
In the 50-minute online class， the three astronauts explained daily
life in space， how to walk in a microgravity environment and showed the
children how to recycle water， oxygen and carbon dioxide in their
environment. Applause broke out among the 1，420-strong audience at the
CSTM when one of the three astronauts poured out water， which formed
into a perfect ball. Applause broke out again when they put an effervescent
tablet （泡腾片） into the water， which sparked into bubbles （气泡）.
But the bubbles did not burst and instead stayed complete.
The open science lesson was broadcast live to the nation. On
domestic video-sharing website Bilibili alone， the open course was
watched at least 6 million times， with more views on other platforms and
TV channels.
For Shi Hao， a space specialist at China Aerospace Science and
Technology Corporation， the growing desire of school pupils to pursue
knowledge about space reflects the growing potential of China in exploring
the universe in the future.
“I still remember how impressed I was by the launch of Shenzhou
Ⅵin September 2005. From then on， I have carved out the dream of
pursuing my career in astronautics from the bottom of my heart.” Shi
said. “For many people like me， this is not only a job， but a lifelong
addiction and commitment. It is of vital importance to let Chinese youths
touch astronautics during their childhood so as to sustain the building of
talents.”
He was echoed （回应） by Zhou， who places high hopes on the
future of China’s space industry. “We have a population of 1.4
billion， of which more than 200 million are pupils at school. By inspiring
their enthusiasm， China will get an abundant supply of talents for the
national space research team.”he said.“Chinese people will step further
in the universe and the hope lies in our children.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2021年12月9日，中国航天员在中
国空间站进行了“天宫课堂”第一节课的授课，这次太空授课取得
了圆满成功。
1. What happened to the bubbles in the experiment？（ ）
A. They kept in an original state.
B. They broke all of a sudden.
C. They disappeared completely.
D. They floated in the space craft.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，实验中的气泡
并没有破裂，而是保持了最初的完整状态。
2. What can we learn about Shi Hao？（ ）
A. He was born with a talent in astronautics.
B. He is devoted to his career in astronautics.
C. He is an inspiration to many school pupils.
D. He was involved in the launch of Shenzhou Ⅵ.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中Shi Hao所说的For many
people like me， this is not only a job， but a lifelong addiction and
commitment.可知，Shi Hao终身致力于航天事业。
3. Which statement will Zhou probably agree with？（ ）
A. It is tough to inspire pupils’ enthusiasm at school.
B. It is essential to expose children to space exploration.
C. It is unlikely to get abundant space research talents.
D. It is challenging to launch space courses among pupils.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Zhou所说的Chinese people
will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children可知，
Zhou认为中国太空探索的希望在于我们的孩子。由此推断，他会赞
同“必须让孩子们接触太空探索”这一说法。
4. Why did the author write this passage？（ ）
A. To introduce a unique lesson about an experiment in space.
B. To compliment the great achievements of space made in China.
C. To strengthen the importance of space knowledge among pupils.
D. To encourage astronautics staffs to devote themselves to their career.
解析： 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段、第五段最后一句
和第六段中Zhou所说的Chinese people will step ...lies in our
children.可推知，空间站上的首次公开课和相关专业人员以及科学
家的话语表达了加强学生航空航天知识学习的重要性。
B
Mars is no stranger to life. Seven US spacecraft have successfully
landed there， and all of them took microbes to the planet’s surface
（though the bugs probably did not survive for long）. Yet the world’s
space agencies continue to maintain strict spacecraft sterilization （消毒）
procedures in the hope of minimizing the spread of Earth life beyond our
planet. For decades this idea — known as planetary protection — is
widespread. Now， some scientists say， these procedures are preventing
the search for life beyond Earth by raising costs and preventing innovative
missions — without meaningful benefits.
Of all missions to Mars to date， only the Vikings， the first trip to
the Red Planet， were intended to test for life. Spacecraft that went later
did not have that ability. But a future mission will， and the protectionist
thinking goes， a spacecraft might not be able to distinguish between a life
form native to Mars and one with origins on Earth. In July 2013
astrobiologists Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Alberto Fairén argued against
this in Nature Geoscience.
“If Earth life can thrive on Mars， they almost certainly already
do，” the authors write. “If they cannot， the transfer of Earth life to
Mars should be of no concern， as it would simply not survive.”
With clear evidence of a watery history and some signs of water
present， Mars could be where we find life in our solar system. And with
the development of Curiosity’s precise landing system， we can finally
reach the mysterious parts of the planet. But it’s these areas that require a
craft sterilization process.
In the 1970s Vikings 1 and 2 revealed what seemed like a dead
planet， so planetary-protection requirements were relaxed. Now， with
more knowledge of Mars’ environment， missions set to visit areas with
evidence of flowing water below the surface have to meet the strict-and
more costly-Vikings standards.
Finally， there’s the philosophical problem of what responsibility，
if any， we have to other planets and any life we leave there. The truth is
we’re never going to be able to fully protect Mars if we intend to explore
it. And spreading is simply what life does.
“If we want to survive for a long time， we have to expand beyond
Earth，” Schulze-Makuch says. “There’s no other way.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了对“行星保护”这
种看法的不同观点。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了对“行星保护”这
种看法的不同观点。
5. Strict spacecraft sterilization procedures are meant to .
（ ）
A. decrease the costs of space exploration
B. help the search for life forms beyond Earth
C. contribute to innovative missions in the universe
D. prevent Earth life being transferred to other planets
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，航天器消毒程序
是希望尽量减少地球生命在我们星球之外的传播。
6. Planetary-protection requirements were relaxed in the 1970s
because .（ ）
A. there was no precise landing system
B. Mars was considered to be a lifeless planet
C. the mysterious parts of Mars remained unknown
D. flowing water was found below the surface of Mars
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句可知，行星保护
要求在20世纪70年代被放宽了是因为火星被认为是一个没有生
命的星球。
7. Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Alberto Fairén are most likely to agree
that .（ ）
A. Mars is now on the edge of being destroyed
B. human beings are too ambitious to expand beyond Earth
C. there is no need to worry about bringing Earth life to Mars
D. we need to be responsible for keeping Mars what it is like now
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句及第三段内容可知，
他们认为没有必要担心把地球上的生命带到火星。
8. Schulze-Makuch takes a（n） attitude towards planetary
protection. （ ）
A. optimistic B. relaxed
C. debatable D. negative
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，舒尔茨-马库奇支持扩
张，对行星保护采取了一种反对的态度。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Camels have beautifully adapted to the severe life in our planet’s hot
and dry deserts.They have not just lived in these areas but also
helped 9 human life there.
The 7ft mammals take in every bit of 10 from their plant-based
diets.Their humps store fat， which the camels use as a（n） 11 of
water and energy on the move.These animals don’t even 12 in the
49 ℃ desert heat.
There are two 13 of camels — Bactrian and Arabian.The
Bactrian camels have two humps and live in the rocky deserts of Central
Asia.The Arabian camels have just one hump.They are 14 in North
Africa and the Middle East.
A group of geneticists 15 over 1，080 Arabian
camels.They 16 the DNA of these camels from around the world，
with DNA samples taken from ancient camel fossils.
They found a surprising 17 at the DNA level — that is， even
camels that were geographically separated shared very similar
genes.The 18 for this was clear.Many Arabian camels were a
necessary part of trading caravans that traveled long distances across
continents.Often， 19 were forced to leave behind some 20
animals and take fresh animals on their return journey.This 21
centuries of cross-breeding， and very similar genes across camel
populations in different areas.
This genetic mixing means camels are also likely to adapt 22 to
changing environments.With issues of climate change and desert areas
growing around the world， camels could possibly adapt much better to
such 23 than other species of animals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。遗传学家发现，不同品种的骆驼有
着相似的基因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。遗传学家发现，不同品种的骆驼有
着相似的基因。
9. A. support B. decide
C. record D. influence
解析： 根据常识可知，骆驼对生活在沙漠里的人很有帮助。
10. A. meat B. water
C. blood D. nutrition
解析： 根据本句中的diets可知，从食物中吸收的应该是营养。
11. A. method B. example
C. choice D. source
解析： 根据本句中的fat可知，储存在驼峰里的脂肪是骆驼活
动时所需水和能量的来源。
12. A. sweat B. sleep C. rest D. eat
解析： 根据空后的in the 49 ℃ desert heat可推测，这里指骆驼
甚至在49 ℃的高温中都不出汗。
13. A. sizes B. types
C. colours D. functions
解析： 根据本段内容可知，Bactria （双峰驼）和Arabian （阿
拉伯单峰驼）是两个不同的骆驼品种。
14. A. examined B. protected
C. found D. raised
解析： 对照上文中的live in the rocky deserts of Central Asia可
知，在北非和中东能找到阿拉伯单峰驼。
15. A. saved B. freed
C. studied D. bought
解析： 根据下段中的They found ...shared very similar genes.
可知，这些遗传学家应该是研究了1，080头阿拉伯单峰驼，并对
这些骆驼的DNA进行比较后才发现这些骆驼的基因很相似。
16. A. reported B. compared
C. related D. painted
解析： 参见上题解析。
17. A. similarity B. quality
C. picture D. idea
解析： 本句中的shared very similar genes提示了本题答案。
18. A. concern B. value
C. reason D. excuse
解析： 本句后介绍的就是不同地方的骆驼基因相似的原因。
19. A. businessmen B. farmers
C. hunters D. travelers
解析： 根据上句中的trading caravans可知，这里指商人。
20. A. small B. lazy
C. hungry D. worn-out
解析： 根据本空后的fresh animals可知，这里指留下精疲力竭
的骆驼，重新换一批精力充沛的骆驼。
21. A. referred to B. pointed to
C. led to D. belonged to
解析： 根据上文中的across continents可知，商队把骆驼带到了
不同的大洲，这导致了杂交繁育，使得不同地方的骆驼有着相似
的基因。
22. A. quickly B. directly
C. safely D. suddenly
解析： 根据本句中的genetic mixing可知，骆驼到了其他大洲
不仅生存下来，还繁衍了后代，这说明骆驼能很快适应新环境。
23. A. failures B. results
C. events D. changes
解析： 根据本句中的climate change and desert areas growing
around the world可知，这里指的是骆驼比其他动物能更好地应对
气候变化、全球沙漠化等变化。
Ⅲ.语法填空
On Earth， everyone has a home.While in space， there is also a
home.It is nearly as big as a soccer field and 24. （large）
than a six-bedroom house.It is the International Space Station （ISS）.
The ISS is home to astronauts.25. （usual）， there
are three to six astronauts on board.Astronauts in the space station are very
busy 26. （do） many science experiments in biology and
physics.They study the effects 27. the human body after
long exposure to microgravity.Sometimes they go on spacewalks to work
outside the station.
As a groundbreaking scientific research facility， the ISS
28. （benefit） people on the Earth.Robots on the ISS
have inspired medical technology.Now it is possible for patients
29. （receive） certain surgery by a robotic arm，
30. performs better than humans.The ISS also helps to
watch the Earth’s ecosystems 31. warns us of volcano
eruptions and earthquakes.
In the future， space will be home to more 32.
（station） like the ISS. China has built 33. （it） own
space station， and it will be open to the whole world to explore the
unknown together.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了国际空间站的相关
信息。
24. larger 考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的than判断，应填large的
比较级larger。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了国际空间站的相关
信息。
25. Usually 考查词形转换。空处作句子的状语，意为“通常”，用
副词Usually，注意首字母大写。
26. doing 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth意为“忙于做某事”，
是固定搭配。
27. on 考查介词。the effect on意为“对……的影响”，是固定
用法。
28. benefits 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，主语
是ISS，且联系上下文可知，用一般现在时，故填benefits。
29. to receive 考查非谓语动词。it是形式主语，故填动词不定式作真
正的主语。
30. which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中
作主语，先行词是 a robotic arm，故用 which。
31. and 考查连词。所填词连接并列的谓语helps和warns，故填and。
32. stations 考查名词的单复数。由more可知，应用复数形式。
33. its 考查代词。one’s own意为“某人自己的”，是固定用法。
谢谢观看！
