Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.With the help of a （望远镜）， we could see the details of the moon’s surface.
2.Keeping your （肌肉） strong and in tone helps you to avoid back problems.
3.Exercising at home alone requires a tremendous amount of （自律）.
4.Ellen’s face wrinkles as if she is about to （打喷嚏）.
5.The mirror was a to reflect light from a window.
6.Don’t forget to return to the car and f all your personal possessions with you.
维度二：词形转换
1.The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the （visible） social barrier.
2. （conceivable），it is your thoughtful decisions that enable our company to accumulate money automatically.
3.We shouldn’t （straightforward） draw the conclusion that the boy was wrong.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The university （由……组成） 23 departments and 40 institutions.
2.He jogs to exercise （以……速度） five miles per hour every morning.
3. （寻找） his lost child， Jack managed to help many parents suffering from the same experience as him find their own children.
4.When you （回顾） your own past， you are more likely to see those things.
5.The group meets （定期）， usually weekly or biweekly.
6.He does wholesale business， while his brother （忙于） retail business.
7.I have read 99 per cent of this novel.In other words， I have （差不多） finished the book.
8. （显然） his remarks were very hurtful， which broke her heart.
9. （你练习得越多）， the better you can understand.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Taking a picture of Mars is not easy. Once light bounces off the planet， it can take between 3 to 22 minutes to travel to Earth — so there aren’t truly “live” images of Mars.
But on Friday afternoon， the European Space Agency will offer the closest thing： the first “livestream” of Mars a rare， almost real-time look into space on YouTube， which posts pictures of the planet every 50 seconds as they beam down directly from the camera mounted （安装） on the agency’s Mars Express orbiter （轨道飞行器）. We can get a first-hand look at Mars on Friday.
“During Friday’s one-hour livestream， the time between the images being taken from orbit around Mars and appearing on your screen will be about 18 minutes，” James Godfrey， the spacecraft operations manager at the ESA’s mission control center， said in a statement. “That’s 17 minutes for light to travel from Mars to Earth in their current configuration， and about one minute to pass through the wires and servers on the ground.”
“Normally， we see images from Mars and know that they were taken days before. I’m excited to see Mars as it is now — as close to a Martian （火星人） ‘now’ as we can possibly get！”
In 50-second intervals， the camera shoots across Mars， showing a side of the planet entering night， as well as some clouds billowing out on the corner. The livestream celebrates the 20th anniversary of the Mars Express mission which was launched in 2003 to better understand the planet， as well as search for traces of water.
It’s with this camera， originally meant for engineering purposes， that we’ll get “live” images on Friday evening from 18：00 CEST in the first MarsLIVE. What makes this unique is that it’s a one-hour livestream from Mars but don’t expect a detailed view of the Red Planet！
1.What can we learn from this text？（ ）
A.Watching the MarsLIVE， people will have a completely real-time view of the Mars.
B.The audience can watch the MarsLIVE thanks to the camera on the Mars.
C.About 20 years ago， the ESA launched an orbiter to search for Martians.
D.The MarsLIVE is to celebrate the launch of the Mars Express mission in 2003.
2.What does the underlined word “configuration” in Paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A.Equipment. B.Orbit.
C.Planet. D.Spacecraft.
3.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.The live images taken from orbit around Mars.
B.The 20th anniversary of the Mars Express mission.
C.The first “livestream” of Mars to be shown on YouTube.
D.A rare and almost real-time look into space on YouTube.
4.What does the last paragraph imply？（ ）
A.The camera was originally used to shoot the Mars.
B.We can get truly live Mars images in the first MarsLIVE.
C.Detailed images about the Mars can’t be ensured.
D.The unique MarsLIVE will live up to viewers’ expectation.
B
The Moon’s permanently shadowed areas， nearly 384，000 kilometres away from home， are the closest water source outside the Earth.The craters have been dark since billions of years ago.But now with student-developed technologies， more about them can be discovered.
Through the competitive Breakthrough， Innovative and Game-changing （BIG） Idea Challenge and the Space Grant project， NASA has awarded nearly $1 million to eight university teams.They will build sample lunar payloads and demonstrate innovative ways to study the Moon’s darkest areas.
“It’s an exciting time for NASA and students across the country，” said Drew J.Hope， Program Manager of Game Changing Development program.“Thanks to our partnership with the Office of STEM Engagement， this is the most money NASA has awarded in a student challenge directly connected to Artemis.”
The chosen teams will work out ways to gather data in and around the craters， generate wireless power for future infrastructure， and enable autonomous mobility even in the most extreme environments.The research results could benefit NASA’s Artemis program.Each team will receive different quantities of grants， based on the concept and budget they propose.They will develop and test the technologies in simulated environments with the awards.Then a panel of NASA and industry experts will examine the team’s research and development results at a face-to-face design review.
“One of the most exciting things about this challenge is that several of the concepts， if proven to be viable as a result of these awards， could eventually be integrated and operated together on the surface of the Moon，” according to Chad Rowe， Acting Manager of Space Grant Project.“These students are part of the Artemis generation and they are helping fulfill NASA’s mission needs today， while developing relevant hands-on experience that will prepare them for aerospace careers after graduation.”
5.What can we know from Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.The Moon can’t serve as a water source for us.
B.Some students are working in NASA.
C.The Moon is the only water source outside the Earth.
D.We can explore more about the Moon.
6.Why did NASA award those eight university teams？（ ）
A.Because they stood out in a challenge and a project.
B.Because they demonstrated technologies to study the Moon.
C.Because they explored the mystery of space.
D.Because they challenged NASA’s Artemis program.
7.What will the chosen teams work out according to Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.The way to create Wi-Fi on the Moon for future use.
B.The way to ensure autonomous mobility can be used in space.
C.The way to examine the research and results face-to-face.
D.The way to collect information and statistics of the Moon.
8.According to Chad Rowe， what benefit can the students get from the project？（ ）
A.They can land on the Moon.
B.They can get money while doing the job.
C.They can gain experience for their future careers.
D.They can work in NASA after graduation.
C
On Nov. 16， seven astronauts on the International Space Station （ISS） woke up to an alarm. A Russian missile test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1，500 pieces of space debris （残骸）. Some got very close to the ISS.
NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28，000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet （子弹） （about 3，500 km/h）. Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk， says Live Science.
Since the 1950s， humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there， and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006， for example， National Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS， taking a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year， a piece of debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms， which are just like the arms of a robot， and left a hole.
Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way is to use a huge net. In 2018， the UK’s Survey Space Center caught some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris， and then collected it with a net and a harpoon （鱼叉）.
Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1， the European Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish， is going to be sent into space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere， where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction （摩擦）.
9.What does the bomb of the Russian missile mainly cause according to the article？ （ ）
A.Plants. B.Soil.
C.Space debris. D.Food.
10.How many times does space debris move as fast as a bullet according to NASA？ （ ）
A.Eight times. B.Nine times.
C.Seven times. D.Six times.
11.What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”？（ ）
A.It gets cleaned.
B.It gets rebuilt.
C.It gets old.
D.It gets broken.
12.What can we infer from Paragraphs 3－4？（ ）
A.There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B.The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C.Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish for years.
D.More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space rubbish.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How is dining in space different from
eating on Earth？
Spacesuits？ Check！ Oxygen？ Check！ Water？ Check！ Are we forgetting something？ Food！ If you send astronauts into space， you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat， and how do they eat it？ 13.（ ）
First， and possibly most important， is nutrition （营养）. 14.（ ） Providing junk foods to eat， such as potato chips， sodas， and pizza， would make the astronauts unhealthy.
15.（ ） If the food that has been provided is distasteful， then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well， you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill into the cabin. Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 16.（ ） A loose knife bouncing （弹起） around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
Finally， weight is an important concern. The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again. 17.（ ） Most foods are stored in plastic bags， and often， the foods are dehydrated （脱水）. When an astronaut is ready to eat， hot water is added to rehydrate the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements， much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on the earth.
A.Variety and taste are also important.
B.Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
C.For the same reason sharp tools are never used onboard.
D.Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
E.Believe it or not， they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
F.Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
G.Maintaining the astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校将以四月十二日载人空间飞行国际日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.太空探索的重要性；
2.你的期待。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
12 April was officially named by the UN in 2011 as International Day of Human Space Flight.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.telescope 2.muscles 3.self-discipline 4.sneeze
5.angled 6.fetch
维度二
1.invisible 2.Conceivably 3.straightforwardly
维度三
1.is composed of
2.at a speed of
3.In the search for
4.look back on/at/to
5.on a regular basis
6.is engaged in
7.more or less
8.It was evident that
9.The more you practice
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲空间局即将在YouTube上直播火星的实时画面，虽然并非真正的“直播”，但每50秒更新一次的图像将提供近乎实时的火星观测体验。
1.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，火星直播是为了庆祝2003年火星快车任务的发射。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的and about one minute to pass through the wires and servers on the ground可知，火星上的图像通过不同设备发回地球。由此推测，configuration意为“设备”，和A项意思相近。
3.C 主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是第二段可知，本文主要讲述了欧洲空间局即将在YouTube上直播火星的实时画面。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，别指望能看到这颗红色星球的详细景象，也就是暗示了关于火星的详细图像无法保证。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国航天局选出了8个大学的团队，提供资金和奖励，辅助美国航天局进行对月球暗面的探索。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，人类对月球的探索还没有停止，有了科学技术，我们可以更深入地对月球进行研究。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这八支队伍是经过了一系列竞争性大的竞赛从而脱颖而出并进行后续研究的。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，这些队伍的其中一个研发方向就是寻找收集月球数据的方法。
8.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Chad Rowe 所说的These students are part of the Artemis generation ...that will prepare them for aerospace careers after graduation.可推断，这个项目可以为学生们积累以后的职业生涯所需要的经验。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空垃圾的危害以及科学家为解决这一问题尝试的解决办法。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，俄罗斯导弹的爆炸主要造成了太空碎片。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，太空碎片的飞行速度是每小时28，000多公里，子弹的速度是每小时约3，500公里，即太空碎片的速度是子弹的8倍。
11.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，太空碎片的破坏力巨大，即使是豌豆大小的碎片也可能摧毁空间站，或者杀死正在进行太空行走的宇航员。wiped out表示“摧毁”，即如果一个空间站被摧毁，它会被破坏。
12.C 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，人类已经发送了很多火箭和卫星，其中很多仍然在太空，我们现在面临着日益严重的太空垃圾问题。由此推知，多年来，成千上万的旧火箭和卫星正在变成太空垃圾。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空吃饭和在地球吃饭有何不同？科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑到了几个因素。
13.F 根据空前问句并结合下文的几个因素可知，选项总起下文。F项（科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑了几个因素）中的factors呼应下文的几个具体因素。
14.G 上句说明了营养对宇航员的重要作用。G项（维持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务）承接上文。
15.A 根据下句可知，如果提供的食物不可口，宇航员可能会不吃。A项（食物种类和口味也是很重要的）突出了段落中心。
16.C 根据上句可知，液体或食物残渣可能会进入机器或电子设备并损坏它。C项（出于同样的原因，飞船上从不使用锋利的工具）承接上文。
17.B 根据设空前后句可知，食物的包装做得尽可能轻。B项中的light呼应下句中的plastic bags和dehydrated。
Ⅲ.
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
12 April was officially named by the UN in 2011 as International Day of Human Space Flight.We observe this day to inspire more people to learn scientific knowledge and generate innovative ideas about space.
The space exploration is essential for us.It has made a difference in fighting world hunger.The satellite data on weather patterns has helped farmers grow more food.Besides， many space experiments have promoted incredible products like organ monitors and digital cameras and we will learn how to live in a different environment.
Our progress in space exploration gives me hope and inspires me to make contributions to it.I hope that people can live in the space one day and build a shared community there.
5 / 5Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination① since the start of human history.For example， the mysterious large-eyed， bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom， discovered at the Chinese archeological② site at Sanxingdui， were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.In reality③， humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye④.And， for a long while， people were unable to understand what they could see.[1] Not knowing what the stars were， people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
[1]Not knowing what the stars were为动词-ing形式的否定形式，在句中作状语；what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。
[2]Our power to investigate⑤ and thus understand space changed dramatically⑥ when the first telescope⑦ was angled⑧ at the night sky， increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own， many of them even having their own moons.Soon， it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy⑨ we call the Milky Way⑩.Some 300 years later， we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others， spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
[2]本句句子主干为Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically，主语中心词为Our power，动词不定式作后置定语；when引导时间状语从句；第二个and连接并列的结果状语。
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented， the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit， giving astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances， [3]from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born， to huge black holes， and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe， and [4]discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed .
[3]句中的两个where引导的从句均为定语从句，分别修饰gas和planets。
[4]句中that引导同位语从句。
To see even further into the universe， many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes .Currently， China operates the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope， the FAST telescope， completed in 2016.The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”，as it is known， is being used in the search for dark matter， thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away， right at the edge of the visible universe.
The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago.Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes， we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe， before the existence of light.But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that.So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
【读文清障】
①source of fascination魅力源泉
②archeological adj.考古的
③in reality 事实上，实际上
④the naked eye 肉眼
⑤investigate v.调查，研究
⑥dramatically adv.
巨大地；戏剧性地
⑦telescope n.望远镜
⑧angle v.斜置
⑨galaxy n.星系
⑩the Milky Way 银河系
cosmic adj.宇宙的
launch v.发射
breathtakingly adv.惊人地
image n.形象，意象
conceivably adv.可以相信地；可想象地
at an ever-increasing speed 以越来越快的速度
be engaged in从事
advanced telescope先进的望远镜
be composed of
由……组成
subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的
particle n.粒子
subatomic particle
亚原子粒子
invisible adj.看不见的
construct v.建造，创建
quest for 追求，探索
【参考译文】
眺望夜空的眼睛
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.How did ancient people create a world in the sky？ （ ）
A.By their naked eyes.
B.By telescope.
C.By their imagination.
D.By passing from mouth to mouth.
2.How does the author organize the passage？（ ）
A.By the order of time. B.By the order of space.
C.By giving examples. D.By listing numbers.
3.Why is the “Eyes of Heaven” referred to in Paragraph 4？ （ ）
A.To compare the technology between our country and other countries.
B.To show the effect it has on space exploration.
C.To prove its advantages over other telescopes.
D.To show the effort our country has made to see even further into space.
4.What can’t we infer from the passage？ （ ）
A.The first telescope made much difference to watching the night sky.
B.The Hubble Space Telescope came into being 400 years ago.
C.“Eyes of Heaven” has the ability to make discoveries beyond our imaginations.
D.There are still much of the universe to be explored.
第三步：析难句表达升级
Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances， from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born， to huge black holes， and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.
句式分析 句中to see so much over such great distances为动词不定式短语作 ，两个where均引导 从句，第一个定语从句修饰先行词 ，第二个定语从句修饰先行词 。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
in reality 事实上，实际上
【教材原句】 In reality， humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.
事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。
【用法】
transform ...into reality 把……变为现实 bring sb back to reality 使某人回到现实中来；使某人面对现实 escape/face/virtual reality 逃避/面对/虚拟现实 become a reality 成为现实 out of touch with reality 脱离现实
【佳句】 In reality， she had a passion for gardening from an early age.
事实上，她从小就热爱园艺。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself， which means “ （real） that is not real”.
②Her friend’s gentle reminder about the upcoming exams brought her back reality.
【写美】 补全句子
③Outwardly she seemed confident but
.
表面上看她显得有信心，而实际上她紧张得要命。
angle v.斜置，斜移；从（某角度）报道，以（某观点）提供信息n.斜角，角度；观点，立场
【教材原句】 Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky ...
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化……
【用法】
at an angle 成角度的；斜的 from a new angle 从新的角度 right angle 直角 slope angle 斜角
【佳句】 Seeing herself from this angle， she realized how she looked like her mother.
从这个角度看自己，她意识到她多么像自己的母亲。
【练透】 写出下列句中angle的词性和词义
①The rising Sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle.
②We need a new angle for our next advertising campaign.
③He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
④The programme is angled towards younger viewers.
work out 算出；理解；制定出；解决；锻炼
【教材原句】 Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe，and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
【用法】
work on/at 从事于；致力于 at work 在工作；在运转 off work 在休假 out of work 失业
【佳句】 The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.
如果你知道长度和宽度，面积很容易算出来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Scientists are still working inventing methods of reaching outer space.
②Now that Lucy is of work， she has been considering going back to school.
【写美】 补全句子
③I used to in a hospital.我过去在一家医院做保洁员。
be engaged in 忙于；从事于
【教材原句】 To see even further into the universe， many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。
【用法】
（1）engage vt.& vi. 吸引住；雇用；衔接 engage （oneself） in （doing） sth （使）从事，参加 be engaged in/on （doing） sth 忙于；从事于 be engaged to sb 和……订婚 （2）engagement n. 订婚；约定
【佳句】 A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
一项研究表明，参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①My brother is engaged Anne， and they will be married next year.
②Much to my regret， I was unable to keep my （engage） to meet you at the park gate yesterday.
【写美】 同义句转换
③He wants to engage himself in foreign trade after graduation.
→He wants to foreign trade after graduation.
look back to/on/at 回顾
【教材原句】 Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes，we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe，before the existence of light.终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。
【用法】
look into 向里看；调查 look up 查阅；抬头看向 look out＝watch out 小心，当心 look out for 注意察看，留心 look through 快速查看，浏览
【佳句】 When I look back to those days I realize I was desperately unhappy then.当我回想起那些日子，我明白自己当时痛苦极了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The police are making house-to-house inquiries to look the case.
②Video games can be fun and exciting， but we need to look when this pastime becomes an addiction.
③Looking the newspaper， I’m shocked by photos showing the destruction of the hurricane.
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句式结构：it作形式主语
【教材原句】 Soon， it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。
【用法】
it was understood that意为“人们知道；人们认识到”，在此句型中it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于这种结构的动词还有think，believe，report，say，know，suggest，announce等。 it作形式主语而that从句是真正主语的常见句式： It is a shame/a pity/no wonder/...that ... 令人感到羞耻的是/遗憾的是/难怪/…… It is likely/surprising/interesting/ ...that ... 很可能/令人吃惊的是/令人感兴趣的是……
【品悟】 It’s said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout the country will be on show in the coming Art Festival.据说大量来自全国专家的剪纸作品会在即将到来的艺术节上展出。
【写美】 微写作
①大家认为把动物幼崽和它的主人或妈妈分开比把它独自扔在街上更残忍。（投稿）
separating a baby animal from its owner or mother is even crueler than you leave it alone on the street.
②爸爸一直工作了三个小时，难怪他看上去很累。（日常活动）
Dad has been working for three hours. he looks so tired.
③我在纽约！我没有在火车站找到你，真是太遗憾了。（便条）
I’m in New York！ I didn’t find you at the railway station.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.source of fascination 2.investigate 3.was angled
4.previously 5.launched 6.beyond 7.to explore
8.visible 9.further and further 10.unexplored
第二步
1－4 CCDB
第三步
宾语补足语 定语 clouds of gas new planets 它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①reality ②to ③in reality she felt extremely nervous
2.①n.角度 ②n.观点，立场 ③v.斜置，斜移
④v.从（某角度）报道
3.①on/at ②out ③work as a cleaner
4.①to ②engagement ③be engaged in/on
5.①into ②out ③through
重点句型解构
①It is believed that ②It is no wonder that ③It’s really a pity that
7 / 7(共97张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination① since the
start of human history.For example， the mysterious large-eyed， bronze
statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom， discovered at the Chinese
archeological② site at Sanxingdui， were believed to have been able to
look across great distances into the stars.In reality③， humans can see
very little of the night sky with the naked eye④.And， for a long while，
people were unable to understand what they could see.[1] Not knowing
what the stars were， people in ancient times used their imaginations to
create a world in the sky.
[1]Not knowing what the stars were为动词-ing形式的否定形式，
在句中作状语；what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。
【读文清障】
①source of fascination魅力源泉
②archeological adj.考古的
③in reality 事实上，实际上
④the naked eye 肉眼
[2]Our power to investigate⑤ and thus understand space changed
dramatically⑥ when the first telescope⑦ was angled⑧ at the night sky，
increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to
understand that the universe is far larger than was previously
imaginable.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own， many
of them even having their own moons.Soon， it was understood that the
Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy⑨ we call the Milky Way
⑩.Some 300 years later， we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one
galaxy among billions of others， spread across the blackness of space like
great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
[2]本句句子主干为Our power to investigate and thus
understand space changed dramatically，主语中心词为Our
power，动词不定式作后置定语；when引导时间状语从句；第二
个and连接并列的结果状语。
⑤investigate v.调查，研究
⑥dramatically adv.巨大地；戏剧性地
⑦telescope n.望远镜
⑧angle v.斜置
⑨galaxy n.星系
⑩the Milky Way 银河系
cosmic adj.宇宙的
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented，
the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit， giving
astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful
images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.Nothing in history has
allowed us to see so much over such great distances， [3]from enormous
clouds of gas where stars are being born， to huge black holes， and even
to new planets where we might conceivably find life.Not only that — it
has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe， and
[4]discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-
increasing speed .
[3]句中的两个where引导的从句均为定语从句，分别修饰gas和
planets。
[4]句中that引导同位语从句。
launch v.发射
breathtakingly adv.惊人地
image n.形象，意象
conceivably adv.可以相信地；可想象地
at an ever-increasing speed 以越来越快的速度
To see even further into the universe， many countries are now
engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes .Currently， China
operates the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope， the
FAST telescope， completed in 2016.The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of
Heaven”，as it is known， is being used in the search for dark matter，
thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary
telescopes.This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space
billions of light years away， right at the edge of the visible universe.
The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow
us to see further and further into space.We will view stars and galaxies
billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of
years ago.Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes， we will one day
be able to look back to a time in the very early universe， before the
existence of light.But the human quest for knowledge reaches even
beyond that.So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still
close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
be engaged in从事
advanced telescope先进的望远镜
be composed of 由……组成
subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的
particle n.粒子
subatomic particle
亚原子粒子
invisible adj.看不见的
construct v.建造，创建
quest for 追求，探索
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如
在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认
为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小
的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事
物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创
造了一个空中世界。
【参考译文】
眺望夜空的眼睛
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发
生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明
白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类
似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太
阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们
又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂
浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射
入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地
球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如
此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚
至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测
算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙
正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望
远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST
望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口
径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远
镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那
里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加
遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿
年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜当作人
类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望
不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现
之旅的起点。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. How did ancient people create a world in the sky？ （ ）
A. By their naked eyes.
B. By telescope.
C. By their imagination.
D. By passing from mouth to mouth.
2. How does the author organize the passage？（ ）
A. By the order of time. B. By the order of space.
C. By giving examples. D. By listing numbers.
3. Why is the “Eyes of Heaven” referred to in Paragraph 4？ （ ）
A. To compare the technology between our country and other countries.
B. To show the effect it has on space exploration.
C. To prove its advantages over other telescopes.
D. To show the effort our country has made to see even further into space.
4. What can’t we infer from the passage？ （ ）
A. The first telescope made much difference to watching the night sky.
B. The Hubble Space Telescope came into being 400 years ago.
C. “Eyes of Heaven” has the ability to make discoveries beyond our
imaginations.
D. There are still much of the universe to be explored.
第三步：析难句表达升级
Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great
distances， from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born， to
huge black holes， and even to new planets where we might conceivably
find life.
句式分析 句中to see so much over such great distances为动词不定式短
语作 ，两个where均引导 从句，第一个定语
从句修饰先行词 ，第二个定语从句修饰先行词
。
自主翻译
宾语补足语
定语
clouds of gas
new
planets
它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星
体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹
象的新行星。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
in reality 事实上，实际上
【教材原句】 In reality， humans can see very little of the night sky
with the naked eye.
事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。
【用法】
transform ...into reality 把……变为现实
bring sb back to reality 使某人回到现实中来；使某人面对现实
escape/face/virtual reality 逃避/面对/虚拟现实
become a reality 成为现实
out of touch with reality 脱离现实
【佳句】 In reality， she had a passion for gardening from an early
age.事实上，她从小就热爱园艺。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself， which means
“ （real） that is not real”.
②Her friend’s gentle reminder about the upcoming exams brought her
back reality.
reality
to
【写美】 补全句子
③Outwardly she seemed confident but
.
表面上看她显得有信心，而实际上她紧张得要命。
in reality she felt extremely
nervous
angle v.斜置，斜移；从（某角度）报道，以（某观点）提供信息
n.斜角，角度；观点，立场
【教材原句】 Our power to investigate and thus understand space
changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night
sky ...
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了
巨大变化……
【用法】
at an angle 成角度的；斜的
from a new angle 从新的角度
right angle 直角
slope angle 斜角
【佳句】 Seeing herself from this angle， she realized how she looked
like her mother.
从这个角度看自己，她意识到她多么像自己的母亲。
【练透】 写出下列句中angle的词性和词义
①The rising Sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle.
②We need a new angle for our next advertising campaign.
③He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
④The programme is angled towards younger viewers.
n.
角度
n.观点，立场
v.斜置，斜移
v.从（某角度）报道
work out 算出；理解；制定出；解决；锻炼
【教材原句】 Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age
and nature of the universe，and discover the incredible fact that the
universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现
了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
【用法】
work on/at 从事于；致力于
at work 在工作；在运转
off work 在休假
out of work 失业
【佳句】 The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and
the width.
如果你知道长度和宽度，面积很容易算出来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Scientists are still working inventing methods of reaching
outer space.
②Now that Lucy is of work， she has been considering going
back to school.
on/at
out
【写美】 补全句子
③I used to in a hospital.
我过去在一家医院做保洁员。
work as a cleaner
be engaged in 忙于；从事于
【教材原句】 To see even further into the universe， many countries
are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望
远镜。
【用法】
（1）engage vt.& vi. 吸引住；雇用；衔接
engage （oneself） in （doing） sth （使）从事，参加
be engaged in/on （doing） sth 忙于；从事于
be engaged to sb 和……订婚
（2）engagement n. 订婚；约定
【佳句】 A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school
activities are happier than those who are not.一项研究表明，参加课后活
动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①My brother is engaged Anne， and they will be married next
year.
②Much to my regret， I was unable to keep my
（engage） to meet you at the park gate yesterday.
to
engagement
【写美】 同义句转换
③He wants to engage himself in foreign trade after graduation.
→He wants to foreign trade after graduation.
be engaged in/on
look back to/on/at 回顾
【教材原句】 Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes，we will
one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe，before
the existence of light.
终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜当作人类之眼，回看在
光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。
【用法】
look into 向里看；调查
look up 查阅；抬头看向
look out＝watch out 小心，当心
look out for 注意察看，留心
look through 快速查看，浏览
【佳句】 When I look back to those days I realize I was desperately
unhappy then.
当我回想起那些日子，我明白自己当时痛苦极了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The police are making house-to-house inquiries to look the
case.
②Video games can be fun and exciting， but we need to look
when this pastime becomes an addiction.
③Looking the newspaper， I’m shocked by photos
showing the destruction of the hurricane.
into
out
through
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句式结构：it作形式主语
【教材原句】 Soon， it was understood that the Sun was just one star
among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，我们明白太阳
只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。
【用法】
it was understood that意为“人们知道；人们认识到”，在此句型中it
为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于这种结构的动词
还有think，believe，report，say，know，suggest，announce等。
it作形式主语而that从句是真正主语的常见句式：
It is a shame/a pity/no wonder/...that ...
令人感到羞耻的是/遗憾的是/难怪/……
It is likely/surprising/interesting/ ...that ...
很可能/令人吃惊的是/令人感兴趣的是……
【品悟】 It’s said that a large number of paper-cutting works by
experts throughout the country will be on show in the coming Art Festival.
据说大量来自全国专家的剪纸作品会在即将到来的艺术节上展出。
【写美】 微写作
①大家认为把动物幼崽和它的主人或妈妈分开比把它独自扔在街上更
残忍。（投稿）
separating a baby animal from its owner or mother is
even crueler than you leave it alone on the street.
②爸爸一直工作了三个小时，难怪他看上去很累。（日常活动）
Dad has been working for three hours. he looks so
tired.
It is believed that
It is no wonder that
③我在纽约！我没有在火车站找到你，真是太遗憾了。（便条）
I’m in New York！ I didn’t find you at the
railway station.
It’s really a pity that
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. With the help of a （望远镜）， we could see the
details of the moon’s surface.
2. Keeping your （肌肉） strong and in tone helps you to
avoid back problems.
3. Exercising at home alone requires a tremendous amount of
（自律）.
telescope
muscles
self-
discipline
4. Ellen’s face wrinkles as if she is about to （打喷嚏）.
5. The mirror was a to reflect light from a window.
6. Don’t forget to return to the car and f all your personal
possessions with you.
sneeze
ngled
etch
维度二：词形转换
1. The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the
（visible） social barrier.
2. （conceivable），it is your thoughtful decisions that
enable our company to accumulate money automatically.
3. We shouldn’t （straightforward） draw the
conclusion that the boy was wrong.
invisible
Conceivably
straightforwardly
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. The university （由……组成） 23 departments
and 40 institutions.
2. He jogs to exercise （以……速度） five miles per
hour every morning.
3. （寻找） his lost child， Jack managed to help
many parents suffering from the same experience as him find their own
children.
is composed of
at a speed of
In the search for
4. When you （回顾） your own past， you are
more likely to see those things.
5. The group meets （定期）， usually weekly or
biweekly.
6. He does wholesale business， while his brother （忙
于） retail business.
7. I have read 99 per cent of this novel.In other words， I have
（差不多） finished the book.
look back on/at/to
on a regular basis
is engaged in
more or
less
8. （显然） his remarks were very hurtful，
which broke her heart.
9. （你练习得越多）， the better you can
understand.
It was evident that
The more you practice
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Taking a picture of Mars is not easy. Once light bounces off the
planet， it can take between 3 to 22 minutes to travel to Earth — so there
aren’t truly “live” images of Mars.
But on Friday afternoon， the European Space Agency will offer the
closest thing： the first “livestream” of Mars a rare， almost real-time
look into space on YouTube， which posts pictures of the planet every 50
seconds as they beam down directly from the camera mounted （安装）
on the agency’s Mars Express orbiter （轨道飞行器）. We can get a
first-hand look at Mars on Friday.
“During Friday’s one-hour livestream， the time between the
images being taken from orbit around Mars and appearing on your screen
will be about 18 minutes，” James Godfrey， the spacecraft operations
manager at the ESA’s mission control center， said in a statement.
“That’s 17 minutes for light to travel from Mars to Earth in their current
configuration， and about one minute to pass through the wires and servers
on the ground.”
“Normally， we see images from Mars and know that they were
taken days before. I’m excited to see Mars as it is now — as close to a
Martian （火星人） ‘now’ as we can possibly get！”
In 50-second intervals， the camera shoots across Mars， showing a
side of the planet entering night， as well as some clouds billowing out on
the corner. The livestream celebrates the 20th anniversary of the Mars
Express mission which was launched in 2003 to better understand the
planet， as well as search for traces of water.
It’s with this camera， originally meant for engineering purposes，
that we’ll get “live” images on Friday evening from 18：00 CEST in
the first MarsLIVE. What makes this unique is that it’s a one-hour
livestream from Mars but don’t expect a detailed view of the Red
Planet！
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲空间局即将在YouTube上直播
火星的实时画面，虽然并非真正的“直播”，但每50秒更新一次的
图像将提供近乎实时的火星观测体验。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲空间局即将在YouTube上直播
火星的实时画面，虽然并非真正的“直播”，但每50秒更新一次的
图像将提供近乎实时的火星观测体验。
1. What can we learn from this text？（ ）
A. Watching the MarsLIVE， people will have a completely real-time
view of the Mars.
B. The audience can watch the MarsLIVE thanks to the camera on the
Mars.
C. About 20 years ago， the ESA launched an orbiter to search for
Martians.
D. The MarsLIVE is to celebrate the launch of the Mars Express mission
in 2003.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，火星直播是
为了庆祝2003年火星快车任务的发射。
2. What does the underlined word “configuration” in Paragraph 3
mean？（ ）
A. Equipment. B. Orbit.
C. Planet. D. Spacecraft.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的and about one minute to
pass through the wires and servers on the ground可知，火星上的图像
通过不同设备发回地球。由此推测，configuration意为“设备”，
和A项意思相近。
3. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. The live images taken from orbit around Mars.
B. The 20th anniversary of the Mars Express mission.
C. The first “livestream” of Mars to be shown on YouTube.
D. A rare and almost real-time look into space on YouTube.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是第二段可知，本文主
要讲述了欧洲空间局即将在YouTube上直播火星的实时画面。
4. What does the last paragraph imply？（ ）
A. The camera was originally used to shoot the Mars.
B. We can get truly live Mars images in the first MarsLIVE.
C. Detailed images about the Mars can’t be ensured.
D. The unique MarsLIVE will live up to viewers’ expectation.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，别指望能看到这颗红
色星球的详细景象，也就是暗示了关于火星的详细图像无法保证。
B
The Moon’s permanently shadowed areas， nearly 384，000
kilometres away from home， are the closest water source outside the
Earth.The craters have been dark since billions of years ago.But now with
student-developed technologies， more about them can be discovered.
Through the competitive Breakthrough， Innovative and Game-
changing （BIG） Idea Challenge and the Space Grant project， NASA
has awarded nearly $1 million to eight university teams.They will build
sample lunar payloads and demonstrate innovative ways to study the
Moon’s darkest areas.
“It’s an exciting time for NASA and students across the
country，” said Drew J. Hope， Program Manager of Game Changing
Development program.“Thanks to our partnership with the Office of
STEM Engagement， this is the most money NASA has awarded in a
student challenge directly connected to Artemis.”
The chosen teams will work out ways to gather data in and around the
craters， generate wireless power for future infrastructure， and enable
autonomous mobility even in the most extreme environments.The research
results could benefit NASA’s Artemis program.Each team will receive
different quantities of grants， based on the concept and budget they
propose.They will develop and test the technologies in simulated
environments with the awards.Then a panel of NASA and industry experts
will examine the team’s research and development results at a face-to-
face design review.
“One of the most exciting things about this challenge is that several
of the concepts， if proven to be viable as a result of these awards， could
eventually be integrated and operated together on the surface of the
Moon，” according to Chad Rowe， Acting Manager of Space Grant
Project.“These students are part of the Artemis generation and they are
helping fulfill NASA’s mission needs today， while developing relevant
hands-on experience that will prepare them for aerospace careers after
graduation.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国航天局选出了8个大学的团队，
提供资金和奖励，辅助美国航天局进行对月球暗面的探索。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国航天局选出了8个大学的团队，
提供资金和奖励，辅助美国航天局进行对月球暗面的探索。
5. What can we know from Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. The Moon can’t serve as a water source for us.
B. Some students are working in NASA.
C. The Moon is the only water source outside the Earth.
D. We can explore more about the Moon.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，人类对月球
的探索还没有停止，有了科学技术，我们可以更深入地对月球
进行研究。
6. Why did NASA award those eight university teams？（ ）
A. Because they stood out in a challenge and a project.
B. Because they demonstrated technologies to study the Moon.
C. Because they explored the mystery of space.
D. Because they challenged NASA’s Artemis program.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这八支队伍是经
过了一系列竞争性大的竞赛从而脱颖而出并进行后续研究的。
7. What will the chosen teams work out according to Paragraph 4？
（ ）
A. The way to create Wi-Fi on the Moon for future use.
B. The way to ensure autonomous mobility can be used in space.
C. The way to examine the research and results face-to-face.
D. The way to collect information and statistics of the Moon.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，这些队伍的其中
一个研发方向就是寻找收集月球数据的方法。
8. According to Chad Rowe， what benefit can the students get from the
project？（ ）
A. They can land on the Moon.
B. They can get money while doing the job.
C. They can gain experience for their future careers.
D. They can work in NASA after graduation.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Chad Rowe 所说的These
students are part of the Artemis generation ...that will prepare them for
aerospace careers after graduation.可推断，这个项目可以为学生们
积累以后的职业生涯所需要的经验。
C
On Nov. 16， seven astronauts on the International Space Station
（ISS） woke up to an alarm. A Russian missile test had just bombed a
satellite into more than 1，500 pieces of space debris （残骸）. Some got
very close to the ISS.
NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28，000
km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet （子弹） （about 3，500
km/h）. Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space
station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk， says Live
Science.
Since the 1950s， humans have sent thousands of rockets and
satellites into space. Many are still there， and we now face an ever-
increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006， for example， National
Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS， taking
a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year， a piece of
debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms， which are just like the
arms of a robot， and left a hole.
Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way
is to use a huge net. In 2018， the UK’s Survey Space Center caught
some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris，
and then collected it with a net and a harpoon （鱼叉）.
Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1， the European
Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish， is going to be sent into
space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw
the debris into Earth’s atmosphere， where it will burn up as it falls
because of strong friction （摩擦）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空垃圾的危害以及科
学家为解决这一问题尝试的解决办法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空垃圾的危害以及科
学家为解决这一问题尝试的解决办法。
9. What does the bomb of the Russian missile mainly cause according to
the article？ （ ）
A. Plants. B. Soil.
C. Space debris. D. Food.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，俄罗斯导弹的爆
炸主要造成了太空碎片。
10. How many times does space debris move as fast as a bullet according
to NASA？ （ ）
A. Eight times. B. Nine times.
C. Seven times. D. Six times.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，太空碎片的飞
行速度是每小时28，000多公里，子弹的速度是每小时约3，500公
里，即太空碎片的速度是子弹的8倍。
11. What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”？（ ）
A. It gets cleaned. B. It gets rebuilt.
C. It gets old. D. It gets broken.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，太空碎片的
破坏力巨大，即使是豌豆大小的碎片也可能摧毁空间站，或者杀
死正在进行太空行走的宇航员。wiped out表示“摧毁”，即如果
一个空间站被摧毁，它会被破坏。
12. What can we infer from Paragraphs 3－4？（ ）
A. There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B. The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C. Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish
for years.
D. More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space
rubbish.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，人类已经发送
了很多火箭和卫星，其中很多仍然在太空，我们现在面临着日益
严重的太空垃圾问题。由此推知，多年来，成千上万的旧火箭和
卫星正在变成太空垃圾。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How is dining in space different from eating on Earth？
Spacesuits？ Check！ Oxygen？ Check！ Water？ Check！ Are we
forgetting something？ Food！ If you send astronauts into space， you
have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat， and how do
they eat it？ 13.（ ）
First， and possibly most important， is nutrition （营养）. 14.
（ ） Providing junk foods to eat， such as potato chips， sodas，
and pizza， would make the astronauts unhealthy.
15. （ ） If the food that has been provided is distasteful， then
the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on
something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well， you’ll
know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts
to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or
cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they
won’t spill into the cabin. Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a
machine or electronic device and damage it. 16.（ ） A loose knife
bouncing （弹起） around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
Finally， weight is an important concern. The weight of every object
included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is
enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again.
17.（ ） Most foods are stored in plastic bags， and often， the foods
are dehydrated （脱水）. When an astronaut is ready to eat， hot water is
added to rehydrate the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements， much of the food eaten in space is
actually similar to what you might eat on the earth.
A. Variety and taste are also important.
B. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
C. For the same reason sharp tools are never used onboard.
D. Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
E. Believe it or not， they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
F. Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for
space.
G. Maintaining the astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space
mission.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空吃饭和在地球吃饭有何不
同？科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑到了几个因素。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空吃饭和在地球吃饭有何不
同？科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑到了几个因素。
13. F 根据空前问句并结合下文的几个因素可知，选项总起下文。F
项（科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑了几个因素）中的factors呼应下文
的几个具体因素。
14. G 上句说明了营养对宇航员的重要作用。G项（维持宇航员的身
体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务）承接上文。
15. A 根据下句可知，如果提供的食物不可口，宇航员可能会不
吃。A项（食物种类和口味也是很重要的）突出了段落中心。
16. C 根据上句可知，液体或食物残渣可能会进入机器或电子设备
并损坏它。C项（出于同样的原因，飞船上从不使用锋利的工具）承
接上文。
17. B 根据设空前后句可知，食物的包装做得尽可能轻。B项中的
light呼应下句中的plastic bags和dehydrated。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校将以四月十二日载人空间飞行国际日为主题，举办英语征文
比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 太空探索的重要性；
2. 你的期待。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
12 April was officially named by the UN in 2011 as International
Day of Human Space Flight.
参考范文：
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
12 April was officially named by the UN in 2011 as International Day
of Human Space Flight.We observe this day to inspire more people to learn
scientific knowledge and generate innovative ideas about space.
The space exploration is essential for us.It has made a difference in
fighting world hunger.The satellite data on weather patterns has helped
farmers grow more food.Besides， many space experiments have
promoted incredible products like organ monitors and digital cameras and
we will learn how to live in a different environment.
Our progress in space exploration gives me hope and inspires me to
make contributions to it.I hope that people can live in the space one day
and build a shared community there.
谢谢观看！
