Section Ⅳ Writing a journal entry about living in space
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recent research has found that Martian soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice， planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville， reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference， providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet.
The study， conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville， tested simulated Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice. The researchers found that the soil contained all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow.
However， it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in the soil that has perchlorate， a chemical that has been detected on Mars’ surface and can be poisonous to plants.
The team grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant primarily made of Mojave Desert basalt （玄武岩）. However， the new-grown plants developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from the potting mix. Even replacing just 25 percent of the simulant with a potting mix made a big difference， the team found.
The team of researchers then conducted an experiment to grow rice in soil containing perchlorate. They used a wild rice variety and two genetically edited varieties， which were designed to stand up to environmental stressors such as drought， and tested them in Mars-simulated soil with and without perchlorate.
The study revealed that a concentration of three grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants. However， when the concentration was reduced to one gram per kilogram， one of the genetically edited lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root， while the wild variety was only able to grow a root.
“We want to send humans to Mars but we cannot take everything there. It’s going to be expensive，” said Ramachandran. The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars， as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet， reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions.
1.How did the researchers conduct their study？（ ）
A.By asking questions.
B.By carrying out experiments.
C.By making a case study.
D.By referring to former studies.
2.The gene-edited variety grows better in one kilogram of soil containing .（ ）
A.one gram of perchlorate B.two grams of perchlorate
C.three grams of perchlorate D.four grams of perchlorate
3.Why did the researchers want to grow rice on Mars？（ ）
A.To find a wonderful way to make money.
B.To support the growing population on Earth.
C.To help astronauts feed themselves on Mars.
D.To enable people to eat new varieties of rice.
4.What’s the best title for the text？（ ）
A.What Should We Grow on Mars？
B.How Did Martian Soil Change over Time？
C.People Are Likely to Live on Mars Years Later
D.Martian Soil May Have All the Essential Nutrients Rice Needs
B
“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds ...Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves.I’m convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking， spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017， a year before his death.
Hawking was not alone in this view.Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize （移民于） other planets.That way， if a terrible disease， nuclear war or some other disaster strikes Earth， civilization as we know it would still have a chance.Mars is one of the most attractive destinations.NASA， the United Arab Emirates， the private company SpaceX， and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there.“Either we spread Earth to other planets， or we risk going extinct，” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.
But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan.The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous.It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there， let alone set up a place for them to live.It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars.One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that ruins the planet.
Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth， like dealing with poverty or climate change.Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid （小行星） strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.
In addition， moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there.Mars seems uninhabited， but it could possibly host micro-organism like.Human visitors may destroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment.Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.
5.Why did the author mention NASA， the United Arab Emirates， SpaceX and Mars One？（ ）
A.To stress the risk of dying out on Earth.
B.To provide evidence for Hawking’s theory.
C.To show growing intention of moving to Mars.
D.To explain the advanced technology in astronomy.
6.What can we learn from the passage？（ ）
A.It is costly and risky to colonize Mars.
B.Civilization is difficult to maintain on Earth.
C.Poverty is the most urgent problem to handle.
D.All the time and money should be spent on Earth.
7.What does the underlined word “uninhabited” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Not steady to keep.
B.Not fit to live on.
C.Not easy to approach.
D.Not safe to set foot on.
8.What’s the best title for the passage？（ ）
A.Leaving Earth to Other Planets
B.Should We Colonize Mars？
C.New Home on New Planet
D.A Mars Mission Is on the Way
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Protecting from above
A deadly asteroid heading toward the Earth is a common plot in sci-fi movies. 9.（ ）. An increasing number of space agencies are now taking steps to defend against near-Earth asteroids （NEAs）.
10.（ ）
Wu Yanhua， deputy director of the China National Space Administration （CNSA）， recently told CCTV News that China will start to build Earth and space-based monitoring and warning systems to detect NEAs. 11.（ ）. In 2025 or 2026， China hopes to be able to closely observe approaching asteroids before impacting them to change their path toward our planet.
Making an impact
NASA also has its own program for developing technology to deflect （使转向） incoming asteroids. On Nov 23， 2021， the Double Asteroid Redirection Test （DART） was launched to slam into Dimorphos and change the speed at which it orbits its space neighbor， Didymos， an asteroid approximately 2，560 feet in diameter （直径）. 12.（ ）.
Global effort
13.（ ）. It also re-launched its Planetary Defense Office in 2021， according to Electronics Weekly. “Restarting the program， which seeks to communicate with space agencies around the world， is due to the global character of the dangers we all face due to asteroids，” said ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher.
A.Plan to protect
B.Taking prompt actions
C.But most people believe this is only an imagination
D.However， this is also a risk we should be worried about in real life
E.They are aimed to classify incoming NEAs depending on the risks they pose
F.The European Space Agency （ESA） signed a deal to make a spacecraft for a joint mission with NASA
G.This will help prove out one viable （可行的） way to protect our planet from a dangerous asteroid
Ⅲ.完形填空
About ten years ago， I was a coach at a certain school in Lupane District， Zimbabwe.We had an athletic competition in which we were competing against our neighbouring schools.One of my athletes was far behind his 14 in a relay race.He was given the baton （接力棒） too 15 when the front runner was several metres away.He saw no 16 of catching up with his rival runner who was running in front of him.He made up his mind to 17 for number two.
18 ， something dramatic happened.That front runner dropped his baton a few metres from the finish line！The children from my school started 19 my athlete on so that he could run and beat that front runner and become number one.My athlete did run； yes he did 20 to really run fast to catch up.The athlete that had dropped the baton ran back to 21 the baton before my athlete caught up with him.My athlete was too 22 to that competitor but he still 23 to run past him in crossing the finish line！
That was a very painful 24 for me.So close to victory but still didn’t take that first position.What if my athlete had kept going within striking distance？
Keep training， keep improving your 25 ， keep hoping and keep running hard， one way or the other.The baton sometimes 26 in the opposition’s camp.Keep within striking distance because you may never 27 when things will suddenly change in your 28 .
14.（ ）A.competitor B.champion
C.candidate D.teammate
15.（ ）A.high B.late
C.quickly D.abruptly
16.（ ）A.symbol B.signal
C.hope D.need
17.（ ）A.apply B.struggle
C.stand D.wish
18.（ ）A.Besides B.Therefore
C.Otherwise D.However
19.（ ）A.putting B.bringing
C.cheering D.keeping
20.（ ）A.hesitate B.guarantee
C.pretend D.attempt
21.（ ）A.pick up B.set aside
C.win back D.hold onto
22.（ ）A.similar B.close
C.junior D.friendly
23.（ ）A.refused B.fought
C.failed D.began
24.（ ）A.experiment B.challenge
C.punishment D.experience
25.（ ）A.talent B.skills
C.memory D.standards
26.（ ）A.crashes B.disappears
C.falls D.changes
27.（ ）A.prove B.promise
C.guess D.know
28.（ ）A.favour B.face
C.honour D.presence
Ⅳ.语法填空
Before the mid-20th century， most people felt travelling into space was 29. impossible dream.However， some scientists determined to help humans realize their dream of exploring space.
On 4 October 1957， the Sputnik 1 satellite 30. （launch） and successfully orbited around Earth.Afterwards， 31. （astronaut） including Yuri Gagarin and Neil Armstrong were sent into space.Following this， America’s NASA launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977.
However， exploring space is filled with risks and even disasters， which make everyone sad and 32. （disappoint）.But people still believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration.An example of this ongoing work is the International Space Station.It 33. （orbit） Earth and has astronauts from different countries 34. board， providing a continuous human presence in space.
China became the third country in the world to 35. （independent） send humans into space in 2003， 36. Yang Liwei orbited Earth in the Shenzhou Ⅴ spacecraft.In 2016， China launched the Tiangong-2 space lab into space， 37. （signal） one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station.In 2018， China sent Chang’e 4 38. （explore） the surface of the far side of the Moon.
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Michael， a 58-year-old man， lives in one of the most magical places in the world， Honolulu， Hawaii， which is known as an ideal vacation spot for most Americans. He gets to call this place home. But he has difficulty finding a regular place to live in. Being a homeless man， he usually sleeps on the streets and beaches of Honolulu.
Michael has an interest in baseball， so he often takes advantage of the wonderful weather to play baseball. That’s how he earns him the nickname “Baseball Michael”. Many of his friends know where to find him — in the former Heald College parking garage.There， he practices his skills， in the hope of making it big one day.
Several days ago， when Michael was hitting some baseballs， he lost one in a narrow gap between the parking garage and a drug store next door. He kept on playing. After losing a total of six balls， he decided to go down to get them. The gap was so narrow that he wasn’t sure whether he could squeeze in （挤进去）. But realizing those baseballs were his only possessions， he finally made up his mind to have a try.
Michael made his way down the gap， but things turned tricky. He saw it was narrow at the bottom but he thought he was thin enough to enter it. Moments later， he let out an “uh oh”. Beyond his expectation， the space was too small for him to fit. However， he kept going with his eyes on his baseballs. He whispered， “Don’t give up. They are all I have.”
As Michael went down a little lower and lower， he realized that there was no way to return. He had to wait for somebody to rescue him. As he didn’t bring his mobile phone along， he had to shout as loudly as he could. However， there was no one answering him. Half an hour later， he felt extremely thirsty. He was very tired and afraid that he could no longer hold on. Just when he was about to give up， he heard the sound of footsteps was approaching.
注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
A worker named Ray passed by and discovered Michael.
The firefighters arrived at the site soon.
Section Ⅳ Writing a journal entry about living in space
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在火星土壤中种植稻米的可能性以及实验的经过。1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，研究人员是通过做实验进行研究的。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知，在含有1克高氯酸盐的1公斤土壤中基因编辑过的品种长得更好。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章末句可推知，研究者想要在火星上种植水稻是为了帮助宇航员在火星上养活自己。
4.D 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了在火星土壤中种植稻米的可能性以及实验的经过。因此，D项（火星土壤可能含有水稻所需的所有必需营养素）为本文最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人类应不应该移民到其他星球，例如火星，持不同观点的专家们给出了各自的理由。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者提到他们，是在说明越来越多的国家都有移民火星的意愿。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，移民火星费用高，风险大。
7.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的but it could possibly host micro-organism like可推测，上文意思是火星上没有人居住，和下文构成转折关系。据此猜测uninhabited意为“无人居住的，不适合人类生活的”。
8.B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要探讨了人类应不应该移民到其他星球，例如火星，持不同观点的专家们给出了各自的理由。因此B项（我们是否应该移民火星）为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了多个国家和组织采取措施来保护地球免受近地小行星的危害。
9.D 根据下句可知，小行星可能在现实中也对地球造成威胁。D项（然而，这也是我们在现实生活中应该担心的风险）引起下文。
10.A 根据本段首句中China will start to build ...systems to detect NEAs以及尾句中China hopes to be able ...toward our planet可知，本段主要陈述中国防御小行星的计划措施。A项（计划保护）符合语境。
11.E 根据上句中China will start to build ...systems to detect NEAs和下句可知，本句应进一步陈述该监测预警系统的功能和目的。E项（它们的目的是根据其构成的风险对即将到来的NEA进行分类）承上启下。
12.G 根据上句可推断，下文讲的应是双小行星重定向测试的意义。G项（这将有助于证明保护我们的星球免受危险小行星袭击的一种可行方法）符合语境。
13.F 根据本段标题Global effort以及空后一句中It also re-launched its Planetary Defense Office in 2021可推断，空处应是全球合作的一项内容。F项（欧洲航天局与美国国家航空航天局签署了一项协议，将制造一艘用于联合任务的航天器）引起下文。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从接力比赛中得到启示：要不断努力，因为也许事情会有变化。
14.A 根据语境及上文中的against our neighbouring schools可知，在接力比赛中，作者的一名队员远远落后于对手。
15.B 根据上文中的One of my athletes was far behind可知，比赛中接力棒交接得太晚了。
16.C 根据上文中的the front runner was several metres away可知，作者的队员没有希望赶上对手了。
17.B 根据上文中的He saw no 16 of catching up with his rival runner who was running in front of him.及语境可知，他决心努力成为第二名。
18.D 根据语境和上下文内容可知，作者的队员感到夺冠无望，然而这时对手的接力棒掉在了地上。
19.C 根据语境及上下文内容可知，此处指孩子们开始为作者的队员加油打气。cheer sb on 意为“为（某人）加油”。
20.D 此处是说他真的努力跑了。
21.A 上文提到对手把接力棒弄掉了，这里是说他快速跑回去拾起接力棒。set aside意为“把……放到一旁（或搁到一边）”；win back意为“把……争取回来”；hold onto意为“抓紧”。
22.B 根据下文So close to victory可知，作者的队员如此接近对手。
23.C 根据转折连词but以及下文中的That was a very painful ...didn’t take that first position.可知，作者的队员未能超过对手。
24.D 作者的队员在对手出现失误的情况下仍没有超过对手，这对作者来说是一次非常痛苦的经历。
25.B 此处指继续训练，继续提高技能。
26.C 此处指对手的接力棒掉了。
27.D 你也许从不会知道事情什么时候将突然变得对你有利。
28.A 文中讲述的是突然变得对自己有利的情况。in one’s favour意为“有利于某人”。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空探索的历史以及中国在太空探索方面取得的成就。
29.an 考查冠词。dream为可数名词，此处表示“一个不可能的梦想”，表泛指，又因impossible的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
30.was launched 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语the Sputnik 1 satellite和launch之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且根据On 4 October 1957可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
31.astronauts 考查名词的单复数。此处作主语，且根据空后的including Yuri Gagarin and Neil Armstrong可知，此处应用名词复数。
32.disappointed 考查词形转换。此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，空处和sad并列作宾语补足语，根据everyone 可知，应用形容词disappointed，表示“失望的，沮丧的”。
33.orbits 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。It指代上文中的the International Space Station，和orbit之间是主谓关系，又根据本句中的has可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填orbits。
34.on 考查介词。on board意为“在船（飞机或火车）上”，为固定搭配，故填介词on。
35.independently 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词send，应用副词形式。
36.when 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
37.signal（l）ing 考查非谓语动词。signal与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，此处应用动词-ing形式作状语，故填signal（l）ing。
38.to explore 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to explore。
Ⅴ.
A worker named Ray passed by and discovered Michael. “Are you OK？” Ray asked. “No， I’m trapped and I’m thirsty. Please help me out，” said Michael in a very low voice. After hearing that， Ray took out his mobile phone and called one of his colleagues to buy a bottle of water and a rope. Then Ray， together with his colleague， started their rescue work. They tried lowering one end of the rope to Michael， but it was too short for him to grab. After several unsuccessful attempts， they had to call 911 to rescue Michael.
The firefighters arrived at the site soon. First， they tried many ways to free Michael but didn’t make it. The rescue work was getting tougher. Michael became hopeless and began to cry in panic， “Will I die？” The firefighters， as well as Ray and his colleague， comforted Michael continuously. The firemen had to use tools to cut the gap wider. With joint efforts， Michael managed to get out of the gap. Then he decided not to do anything dangerous like that. However， fortunately， Ray offered his spare house to Michael. Michael promised that he would find a job and do charity in return.
6 / 6Section Ⅳ Writing a journal entry about living in space
Step 1 品教材课文
In space， even the most straightforward， everyday tasks can be quite difficult for astronauts who are spending months on board a spacecraft.In this zero gravity world， there is no up or down， and while sleeping on the ceiling might sound like fun， astronauts need to be strapped to sleeping compartments to protect themselves from injury.
Although not many people enjoy doing housework， astronauts need to find the self-discipline to keep the small interior of their spacecraft clean； even using a vacuum cleaner to stop dust from getting into the air filters.A vacuum cleaner also comes in handy for fetching items that are floating around out-of-reach！
Astronauts also need to keep themselves clean.To do this， they use special soap and shampoo which do not need to be rinsed off with water.After brushing their teeth， they spit into a towel.
With no gravity to push against， astronauts’ bones and muscles can become weak.In order to stay fit， astronauts have to exercise on a regular basis.
And while some food items， such as cakes and fruit can be eaten in more or less the same way that they are on Earth， water needs to be added to much of the food that is eaten in space.Nonetheless， a menu for a hungry astronaut can still be varied and balanced， often including soup， prawn sandwiches， as well as fruit yoghurt.And as salt and pepper would simply float away， astronauts are provided with these in liquid form.
Carrying out these everyday tasks effectively helps the astronauts stay healthy and focus on their work in space — after all， imagine what would happen if they caught a cold and started to sneeze！
Step 2 析写作手法
学语言：
1.修饰语：副词simply； effectively
2.句式：
①keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语：keep the small interior of their spacecraft clean
②with的复合结构：With no gravity to push against
3.连接词：such as， nonetheless， including
4.高级表达：
①定语从句：who are spending months on board a spacecraft， that are floating around out-of-reach， which do not need to be rinsed off with water 和that is eaten in space
②although引导的让步状语从句：Although not many people enjoy doing housework
③动词-ing短语作主语：Carrying out these everyday tasks effectively
5.时态：一般现在时
学结构：
1.What can be difficult for astronauts？
2.How to keep the interior of the spacecraft and astronauts clean？
3.How to exercise to stay fit？
4.How to eat and drink？
5.The importance of carrying out the everyday tasks effectively.
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1.I’m told people are concerned about our life here in space.
我听说大家很关心我们在太空中的生活。
2.They are curious about how we sleep and have meal in the space station.
他们很好奇我们在空间站里是如何睡觉和吃饭的。
3.I should say I feel fulfilled during our work， and I really want to go to bed now.
我应该说我在工作中感到很充实，而且我现在真的很想睡觉。
4.As we were so busy in the morning， docking Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2 and then entering Tiangong-2 of the complex， we had no time for breakfast.
由于我们早上太忙了，对接“神舟十一号”和“天宫二号”，然后进入复合体的“天宫二号”，我们没有时间吃早餐。
5.We eat only one meal for breakfast and lunch， which are largely ready-to-eat foods， or what we often say snacks.
早餐和午餐我们是合并吃的，大部分都是即食食品，也就是我们常说的零食。
6.In fact， so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.
事实上，我们对宇宙了解很少，甚至不明白它是如何形成的。
7.We are all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.
我们都期盼着科学家们能发现更多的宇宙秘密的那一天。
8.By the end of the 21st century， we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
到21世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适于人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
假定你是李华，有幸参加了一个太空旅行项目，已经在太空生活了几天。请你用英语写一篇日志，向地球上的朋友们简单介绍一下你在太空中一天的生活场景，要包括吃饭、锻炼以及睡觉等几个方面。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：开门见山，直入主题；
第二段：按时间先后描述这一天发生的事情；
第三段：发表自己的感受以及对太空生活的看法。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.由于没有地心引力，地球上最简单的日常工作在太空中可能会非常困难。（as 引导原因状语从句）
2.起床后，我开始吃早餐。它包括一些面包和一袋果汁。
3.我必须取一个吸管来喝果汁，否则它会在飞船中到处飘。
4.工作了两个小时后，我需要锻炼一段时间来保持肌肉强壮。
5.我把腿系到一个特殊的机器上以便我不会飘走。
6.到了睡觉的时间，我就去一个小橱柜，钻进固定在墙上的睡袋里。
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1.用独立主格结构改写要点1。
2.用非限制性定语从句改写要点2。
3.用现在分词短语作状语改写要点4。
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
动作 描写 become accustomed to 习惯于（做）某事 cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影 scream v.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等）尖声大叫 suspend v.暂停；中止；悬；挂 submit v.提交；呈递；屈服 sneeze v.打喷嚏 fetch v.（去）拿来
人物 描写 straightforward adj.简单的；直接的 crew n.（飞机上的）全体机组人员；全体船员
其他 描写 词汇 hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的 unexceptional adj.平常的 tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地 instantaneously adv.瞬间地 lifelike adj.（图画、模型等）生动的，逼真的 awesome adj.很好的，了不起的
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
汤姆习惯于在外面的吵闹声中做作业。然而，有一天，他听到一些人在惊恐地尖叫，他意
识到发生了一些危险的事情。然后，空气中就弥漫着浓烈的燃烧气味。汤姆打开公寓门去查看。瞬间，一股浓烟使他打喷嚏又咳嗽。与此同时，他能感觉到天花板上悬挂的灯在晃动。原来是一家商店着火了，人们一边跑一边尖叫。汤姆冲出门，沿着走廊穿过烟雾去拿水。不幸的是，他公寓里的家具和书籍都被彻底烧毁了。半小时后，消防队员赶到了，所有人都松了一口气。老实说，这场火灾给他的生活蒙上了一层阴影。
Section Ⅳ Writing a journal entry about
living in space
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.As there is no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space.
2.After getting up，I began to have breakfast.It consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice.
3.I had to fetch a straw to drink the juice，otherwise it would float around in the spacecraft.
4.After I worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong.
5.I tied my legs to a special machine so that I wouldn’t float away.
6.When it was time to go to bed，I went into a small cupboard， and got into a sleeping bag tied to the wall.
三、1.There being no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space.
2.After getting up， I began to have breakfast，which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice.
3.Having worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong.
四、
Sunday 12 April
There being no gravity，the most straightward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space.
After getting up，I began to have breakfast，which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice.I had to fetch a straw to drink the juice，otherwise it would float around in the spacecraft.Having worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong.I tied my legs to a special machine so that I wouldn’t float away.When it was time to go to bed，I went into a small cupboard， and got into a sleeping bag tied to the wall.I think I must look like a big sausage.It is so funny，isn’t it？
Living in space is rather difficult but fun.I enjoy it very much.
【教材词汇·练续写】
Tom was accustomed to doing his homework with the noise going on outside.However，one day he heard some people screaming with terror and realized something hazardous happened.Then a thick burning smell filled the air.Tom opened the door of his flat to investigate.Instantaneously，a thick cloud of smoke made him sneeze and cough.Meanwhile，he could felt the lamp suspended from the ceiling was shaking.It turned out that a shop had caught fire and people ran screaming.Tom rushed out the door and along the corridor through the smoke to fetch water.Tragically，the furniture and the books in his flat were totally destroyed.Half an hour later， the firefighters arrived.All the people breathed a sigh of relief.To be honest，the fire cast a shadow on his life.
4 / 4(共81张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing a journal entry about living in space
1
细品课文·学手法
目 录
2
演练佳作·写美文
3
教材词汇·练续写
4
课时检测·提能力
细品课文·学手法
培养思维品质
1
Step 1 品教材课文
In space， even the most straightforward， everyday tasks can be
quite difficult for astronauts who are spending months on board a
spacecraft.In this zero gravity world， there is no up or down， and while
sleeping on the ceiling might sound like fun， astronauts need to be
strapped to sleeping compartments to protect themselves from injury.
Although not many people enjoy doing housework， astronauts need
to find the self-discipline to keep the small interior of their spacecraft
clean； even using a vacuum cleaner to stop dust from getting into the air
filters.A vacuum cleaner also comes in handy for fetching items that are
floating around out-of-reach！
Astronauts also need to keep themselves clean.To do this， they use
special soap and shampoo which do not need to be rinsed off with
water.After brushing their teeth， they spit into a towel.
With no gravity to push against， astronauts’ bones and muscles can
become weak.In order to stay fit， astronauts have to exercise on a regular
basis.
And while some food items， such as cakes and fruit can be eaten in
more or less the same way that they are on Earth， water needs to be added
to much of the food that is eaten in space.Nonetheless， a menu for a
hungry astronaut can still be varied and balanced， often including soup，
prawn sandwiches， as well as fruit yoghurt.And as salt and pepper would
simply float away， astronauts are provided with these in liquid form.
Carrying out these everyday tasks effectively helps the astronauts stay
healthy and focus on their work in space — after all， imagine what would
happen if they caught a cold and started to sneeze！
Step 2 析写作手法
学语言：
1. 修饰语：副词simply； effectively
2. 句式：
①keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语：keep the small interior of their
spacecraft clean
②with的复合结构：With no gravity to push against
3. 连接词：such as， nonetheless， including
4. 高级表达：
①定语从句：who are spending months on board a spacecraft， that
are floating around out-of-reach， which do not need to be rinsed off
with water 和that is eaten in space
②although引导的让步状语从句：Although not many people enjoy
doing housework
③动词-ing短语作主语：Carrying out these everyday tasks effectively
5. 时态：一般现在时
学结构：
1. What can be difficult for astronauts？
2. How to keep the interior of the spacecraft and astronauts clean？
3. How to exercise to stay fit？
4. How to eat and drink？
5. The importance of carrying out the everyday tasks effectively.
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1. I’m told people are concerned about our life here in space.
我听说大家很关心我们在太空中的生活。
2. They are curious about how we sleep and have meal in the space
station.
他们很好奇我们在空间站里是如何睡觉和吃饭的。
3. I should say I feel fulfilled during our work， and I really want to go to
bed now.
我应该说我在工作中感到很充实，而且我现在真的很想睡觉。
4. As we were so busy in the morning， docking Shenzhou-11 and
Tiangong-2 and then entering Tiangong-2 of the complex， we had no
time for breakfast.
由于我们早上太忙了，对接“神舟十一号”和“天宫二号”，然后
进入复合体的“天宫二号”，我们没有时间吃早餐。
5. We eat only one meal for breakfast and lunch， which are largely ready-
to-eat foods， or what we often say snacks.
早餐和午餐我们是合并吃的，大部分都是即食食品，也就是我们常
说的零食。
6. In fact， so little do we know about the universe that we are not even
aware how it came into being.
事实上，我们对宇宙了解很少，甚至不明白它是如何形成的。
7. We are all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more
secrets of the universe.
我们都期盼着科学家们能发现更多的宇宙秘密的那一天。
8. By the end of the 21st century， we will have discovered other places in
our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to
go further into space.到21世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适
于人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
演练佳作·写美文
奠定写作功底
2
假定你是李华，有幸参加了一个太空旅行项目，已经在太空生活
了几天。请你用英语写一篇日志，向地球上的朋友们简单介绍一下你
在太空中一天的生活场景，要包括吃饭、锻炼以及睡觉等几个方面。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：开门见山，直入主题；
第二段：按时间先后描述这一天发生的事情；
第三段：发表自己的感受以及对太空生活的看法。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1. 由于没有地心引力，地球上最简单的日常工作在太空中可能会非常
困难。（as 引导原因状语从句）
2. 起床后，我开始吃早餐。它包括一些面包和一袋果汁。
As there is no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth
can be very difficult in space.
After getting up，I began to have breakfast.It consisted of some bread
and a bag of fruit juice.
3. 我必须取一个吸管来喝果汁，否则它会在飞船中到处飘。
4. 工作了两个小时后，我需要锻炼一段时间来保持肌肉强壮。
5. 我把腿系到一个特殊的机器上以便我不会飘走。
I had to fetch a straw to drink the juice，otherwise it would float around
in the spacecraft.
After I worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to
keep my muscles strong.
I tied my legs to a special machine so that I wouldn’t float away.
6. 到了睡觉的时间，我就去一个小橱柜，钻进固定在墙上的睡袋里。
When it was time to go to bed，I went into a small cupboard， and got
into a sleeping bag tied to the wall.
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1. 用独立主格结构改写要点1。
2. 用非限制性定语从句改写要点2。
3. 用现在分词短语作状语改写要点4。
There being no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the
Earth can be very difficult in space.
After getting up， I began to have breakfast，which consisted of some
bread and a bag of fruit juice.
Having worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to
keep my muscles strong.
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
Sunday 12 April
There being no gravity，the most straightward daily tasks on the
Earth can be very difficult in space.
After getting up，I began to have breakfast，which consisted of
some bread and a bag of fruit juice.I had to fetch a straw to drink the
juice，otherwise it would float around in the spacecraft.Having worked
for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles
strong.I tied my legs to a special machine so that I wouldn’t float
away.When it was time to go to bed，I went into a small cupboard， and
got into a sleeping bag tied to the wall.I think I must look like a big
sausage.It is so funny，isn’t it？
Living in space is rather difficult but fun.I enjoy it very much.
教材词汇·练续写
体现学以致用
3
动
作 描
写 become accustomed to 习惯于（做）某事
cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影
scream v.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等）尖声大叫
suspend v.暂停；中止；悬；挂
submit v.提交；呈递；屈服
sneeze v.打喷嚏
fetch v.（去）拿来
人物 描写 straightforward adj.简单的；直接的
crew n.（飞机上的）全体机组人员；全体船员
其
他 描
写 词
汇 hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
unexceptional adj.平常的
tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地
instantaneously adv.瞬间地
lifelike adj.（图画、模型等）生动的，逼真的
awesome adj.很好的，了不起的
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下
面语段。
汤姆习惯于在外面的吵闹声中做作业。然而，有一天，他听到一
些人在惊恐地尖叫，他意识到发生了一些危险的事情。然后，空气中
就弥漫着浓烈的燃烧气味。汤姆打开公寓门去查看。瞬间，一股浓烟
使他打喷嚏又咳嗽。与此同时，他能感觉到天花板上悬挂的灯在晃
动。原来是一家商店着火了，人们一边跑一边尖叫。汤姆冲出门，沿
着走廊穿过烟雾去拿水。不幸的是，他公寓里的家具和书籍都被彻底
烧毁了。半小时后，消防队员赶到了，所有人都松了一口气。老实
说，这场火灾给他的生活蒙上了一层阴影。
Tom was accustomed to doing his homework with the noise going
on outside.However，one day he heard some people screaming with
terror and realized something hazardous happened.Then a thick burning
smell filled the air.Tom opened the door of his flat to
investigate.Instantaneously，a thick cloud of smoke made him sneeze
and cough.Meanwhile，he could felt the lamp suspended from the ceiling
was shaking.It turned out that a shop had caught fire and people ran
screaming.Tom rushed out the door and along the corridor through the
smoke to fetch water.Tragically，the furniture and the books in his flat
were totally destroyed.Half an hour later， the firefighters arrived.All the
people breathed a sigh of relief.To be honest，the fire cast a shadow on
his life.
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recent research has found that Martian soil contains all the essential
nutrients necessary for growing rice， planetary scientist Abhilash
Ramachandran of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville， reported at
the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference， providing new possibilities
for agriculture on the Red Planet.
The study， conducted by a team of researchers from the University
of Arkansas in Fayetteville， tested simulated Martian soil to determine its
suitability for growing rice. The researchers found that the soil contained
all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow.
However， it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in
the soil that has perchlorate， a chemical that has been detected on Mars’
surface and can be poisonous to plants.
The team grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant primarily made
of Mojave Desert basalt （玄武岩）. However， the new-grown plants
developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from
the potting mix. Even replacing just 25 percent of the simulant with a
potting mix made a big difference， the team found.
The team of researchers then conducted an experiment to grow rice in
soil containing perchlorate. They used a wild rice variety and two
genetically edited varieties， which were designed to stand up to
environmental stressors such as drought， and tested them in Mars-
simulated soil with and without perchlorate.
The study revealed that a concentration of three grams of perchlorate
per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants. However， when
the concentration was reduced to one gram per kilogram， one of the
genetically edited lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root， while
the wild variety was only able to grow a root.
“We want to send humans to Mars but we cannot take everything
there. It’s going to be expensive，” said Ramachandran. The discovery
could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars， as it could enable
astronauts to grow their own food on the planet， reducing the need for
costly and complex resupply missions.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在火星土壤中种植
稻米的可能性以及实验的经过。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在火星土壤中种植
稻米的可能性以及实验的经过。
1. How did the researchers conduct their study？（ ）
A. By asking questions.
B. By carrying out experiments.
C. By making a case study.
D. By referring to former studies.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，研究人员是通过
做实验进行研究的。
2. The gene-edited variety grows better in one kilogram of soil
containing .（ ）
A. one gram of perchlorate
B. two grams of perchlorate
C. three grams of perchlorate
D. four grams of perchlorate
解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知，在含有1克高氯酸
盐的1公斤土壤中基因编辑过的品种长得更好。
3. Why did the researchers want to grow rice on Mars？（ ）
A. To find a wonderful way to make money.
B. To support the growing population on Earth.
C. To help astronauts feed themselves on Mars.
D. To enable people to eat new varieties of rice.
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章末句可推知，研究者想要在火星
上种植水稻是为了帮助宇航员在火星上养活自己。
4. What’s the best title for the text？（ ）
A. What Should We Grow on Mars？
B. How Did Martian Soil Change over Time？
C. People Are Likely to Live on Mars Years Later
D. Martian Soil May Have All the Essential Nutrients Rice Needs
解析： 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了在火星土壤中种植稻米的
可能性以及实验的经过。因此，D项（火星土壤可能含有水稻所需
的所有必需营养素）为本文最佳标题。
B
“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other
worlds ...Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from
ourselves.I’m convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are
the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking， spoken at a science
festival in Norway in 2017， a year before his death.
Hawking was not alone in this view.Many experts feel that the only
way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize （移民于） other
planets.That way， if a terrible disease， nuclear war or some other
disaster strikes Earth， civilization as we know it would still have a
chance.Mars is one of the most attractive destinations.NASA， the United
Arab Emirates， the private company SpaceX， and the organization Mars
One all have plans to send humans there.“Either we spread Earth to other
planets， or we risk going extinct，” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at
a conference in 2013.
But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is
such a great plan.The most common argument against going is that it’s
just too expensive or dangerous.It will take huge amounts of money and
other resources just to get people there， let alone set up a place for them
to live.It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars.One of the
biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that ruins the planet.
Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission
would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth， like dealing
with poverty or climate change.Some experts argue that handling a
problem like an asteroid （小行星） strike or disease outbreak while
staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than
surviving on a new planet.
In addition， moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything
that already lives there.Mars seems uninhabited， but it could possibly
host micro-organism like.Human visitors may destroy this life or
permanently change or damage the Martian environment.Some feel
that’s too much of a risk to take.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人类应不应该移民
到其他星球，例如火星，持不同观点的专家们给出了各自的理由。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人类应不应该移民
到其他星球，例如火星，持不同观点的专家们给出了各自的理由。
5. Why did the author mention NASA， the United Arab Emirates，
SpaceX and Mars One？（ ）
A. To stress the risk of dying out on Earth.
B. To provide evidence for Hawking’s theory.
C. To show growing intention of moving to Mars.
D. To explain the advanced technology in astronomy.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者提到他们，是
在说明越来越多的国家都有移民火星的意愿。
6. What can we learn from the passage？（ ）
A. It is costly and risky to colonize Mars.
B. Civilization is difficult to maintain on Earth.
C. Poverty is the most urgent problem to handle.
D. All the time and money should be spent on Earth.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，移民火星费用
高，风险大。
7. What does the underlined word “uninhabited” in the last paragraph
mean？（ ）
A. Not steady to keep.
B. Not fit to live on.
C. Not easy to approach.
D. Not safe to set foot on.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的but it could possibly
host micro-organism like可推测，上文意思是火星上没有人居住，和
下文构成转折关系。据此猜测uninhabited意为“无人居住的，不适
合人类生活的”。
8. What’s the best title for the passage？（ ）
A. Leaving Earth to Other Planets
B. Should We Colonize Mars？
C. New Home on New Planet
D. A Mars Mission Is on the Way
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要探讨了人类应不
应该移民到其他星球，例如火星，持不同观点的专家们给出了各自
的理由。因此B项（我们是否应该移民火星）为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Protecting from above
A deadly asteroid heading toward the Earth is a common plot in sci-fi
movies. 9.（ ）. An increasing number of space agencies are now
taking steps to defend against near-Earth asteroids （NEAs）.
10. （ ）
Wu Yanhua， deputy director of the China National Space
Administration （CNSA）， recently told CCTV News that China will
start to build Earth and space-based monitoring and warning systems to
detect NEAs. 11.（ ）. In 2025 or 2026， China hopes to be able to
closely observe approaching asteroids before impacting them to change
their path toward our planet.
Making an impact
NASA also has its own program for developing technology to deflect
（使转向） incoming asteroids. On Nov 23， 2021， the Double
Asteroid Redirection Test （DART） was launched to slam into
Dimorphos and change the speed at which it orbits its space neighbor，
Didymos， an asteroid approximately 2，560 feet in diameter （直径）.
12.（ ）.
Global effort
13. （ ）. It also re-launched its Planetary Defense Office in
2021， according to Electronics Weekly. “Restarting the program，
which seeks to communicate with space agencies around the world， is
due to the global character of the dangers we all face due to asteroids，”
said ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher.
A. Plan to protect
B. Taking prompt actions
C. But most people believe this is only an imagination
D. However， this is also a risk we should be worried about in real life
E. They are aimed to classify incoming NEAs depending on the risks they
pose
F. The European Space Agency （ESA） signed a deal to make a
spacecraft for a joint mission with NASA
G. This will help prove out one viable （可行的） way to protect our
planet from a dangerous asteroid
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了多个国家和组织采取
措施来保护地球免受近地小行星的危害。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了多个国家和组织采取
措施来保护地球免受近地小行星的危害。
9. D 根据下句可知，小行星可能在现实中也对地球造成威胁。D项
（然而，这也是我们在现实生活中应该担心的风险）引起下文。
10. A 根据本段首句中China will start to build ...systems to detect
NEAs以及尾句中China hopes to be able ...toward our planet可知，本段
主要陈述中国防御小行星的计划措施。A项（计划保护）符合语境。
11. E 根据上句中China will start to build ...systems to detect NEAs和
下句可知，本句应进一步陈述该监测预警系统的功能和目的。E项
（它们的目的是根据其构成的风险对即将到来的NEA进行分类）承上
启下。
12. G 根据上句可推断，下文讲的应是双小行星重定向测试的意
义。G项（这将有助于证明保护我们的星球免受危险小行星袭击的一
种可行方法）符合语境。
13. F 根据本段标题Global effort以及空后一句中It also re-launched its
Planetary Defense Office in 2021可推断，空处应是全球合作的一项内
容。F项（欧洲航天局与美国国家航空航天局签署了一项协议，将制
造一艘用于联合任务的航天器）引起下文。
Ⅲ.完形填空
About ten years ago， I was a coach at a certain school in Lupane
District， Zimbabwe.We had an athletic competition in which we were
competing against our neighbouring schools.One of my athletes was far
behind his 14 in a relay race.He was given the baton （接力棒）
too 15 when the front runner was several metres away.He saw
no 16 of catching up with his rival runner who was running in front of
him.He made up his mind to 17 for number two.
18 ， something dramatic happened.That front runner dropped
his baton a few metres from the finish line！The children from my school
started 19 my athlete on so that he could run and beat that front runner
and become number one.My athlete did run； yes he did 20 to really
run fast to catch up.The athlete that had dropped the baton ran back
to 21 the baton before my athlete caught up with him.My athlete was
too 22 to that competitor but he still 23 to run past him in
crossing the finish line！
That was a very painful 24 for me.So close to victory but still
didn’t take that first position.What if my athlete had kept going within
striking distance？
Keep training， keep improving your 25 ， keep hoping and keep
running hard， one way or the other.The baton sometimes 26 in the
opposition’s camp.Keep within striking distance because you may
never 27 when things will suddenly change in your 28 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从接力比赛中得到启示：
要不断努力，因为也许事情会有变化。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从接力比赛中得到启示：
要不断努力，因为也许事情会有变化。
14. A. competitor B. champion
C. candidate D. teammate
解析： 根据语境及上文中的against our neighbouring schools可
知，在接力比赛中，作者的一名队员远远落后于对手。
15. A. high B. late
C. quickly D. abruptly
解析： 根据上文中的One of my athletes was far behind可知，比
赛中接力棒交接得太晚了。
16. A. symbol B. signal C. hope D. need
解析： 根据上文中的the front runner was several metres away可
知，作者的队员没有希望赶上对手了。
17. A. apply B. struggle
C. stand D. wish
解析： 根据上文中的He saw no 16 of catching up with his
rival runner who was running in front of him.及语境可知，他决心努
力成为第二名。
18. A. Besides B. Therefore
C. Otherwise D. However
解析： 根据语境和上下文内容可知，作者的队员感到夺冠无
望，然而这时对手的接力棒掉在了地上。
19. A. putting B. bringing
C. cheering D. keeping
解析： 根据语境及上下文内容可知，此处指孩子们开始为作
者的队员加油打气。cheer sb on 意为“为（某人）加油”。
20. A. hesitate B. guarantee
C. pretend D. attempt
解析： 此处是说他真的努力跑了。
21. A. pick up B. set aside
C. win back D. hold onto
解析： 上文提到对手把接力棒弄掉了，这里是说他快速跑回
去拾起接力棒。set aside意为“把……放到一旁（或搁到一边）”；win back意为“把……争取回来”；hold onto意为“抓紧”。
22. A. similar B. close
C. junior D. friendly
解析： 根据下文So close to victory可知，作者的队员如此接近
对手。
23. A. refused B. fought
C. failed D. began
解析： 根据转折连词but以及下文中的That was a very
painful ...didn’t take that first position.可知，作者的队员未能超
过对手。
24. A. experiment B. challenge
C. punishment D. experience
解析： 作者的队员在对手出现失误的情况下仍没有超过对
手，这对作者来说是一次非常痛苦的经历。
25. A. talent B. skills
C. memory D. standards
解析： 此处指继续训练，继续提高技能。
26. A. crashes B. disappears
C. falls D. changes
解析： 此处指对手的接力棒掉了。
27. A. prove B. promise
C. guess D. know
解析： 你也许从不会知道事情什么时候将突然变得对你有利。
28. A. favour B. face
C. honour D. presence
解析： 文中讲述的是突然变得对自己有利的情况。in one’s
favour意为“有利于某人”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Before the mid-20th century， most people felt travelling into space
was 29. impossible dream.However， some scientists
determined to help humans realize their dream of exploring space.
On 4 October 1957， the Sputnik 1 satellite 30.
（launch） and successfully orbited around Earth.Afterwards，
31. （astronaut） including Yuri Gagarin and Neil
Armstrong were sent into space.Following this， America’s NASA
launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977.
However， exploring space is filled with risks and even disasters，
which make everyone sad and 32. （disappoint）.But
people still believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration.An
example of this ongoing work is the International Space Station.It
33. （orbit） Earth and has astronauts from different
countries 34. board， providing a continuous human presence in
space.
China became the third country in the world to 35.
（independent） send humans into space in 2003， 36.
Yang Liwei orbited Earth in the Shenzhou Ⅴ spacecraft.In 2016， China
launched the Tiangong-2 space lab into space， 37.
（signal） one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station.In
2018， China sent Chang’e 4 38. （explore） the surface
of the far side of the Moon.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空探索的历史以
及中国在太空探索方面取得的成就。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空探索的历史以
及中国在太空探索方面取得的成就。
29. an 考查冠词。dream为可数名词，此处表示“一个不可能的梦
想”，表泛指，又因impossible的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词
an。
30. was launched 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语the
Sputnik 1 satellite和launch之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且根
据On 4 October 1957可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用
一般过去时。
31. astronauts 考查名词的单复数。此处作主语，且根据空后的
including Yuri Gagarin and Neil Armstrong可知，此处应用名词复数。
32. disappointed 考查词形转换。此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足
语”结构，空处和sad并列作宾语补足语，根据everyone 可知，应用形
容词disappointed，表示“失望的，沮丧的”。
33. orbits 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。It指代上文中的the
International Space Station，和orbit之间是主谓关系，又根据本句中的
has可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填orbits。
34. on 考查介词。on board意为“在船（飞机或火车）上”，为固定
搭配，故填介词on。
35. independently 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词send，应用副词
形式。
36. when 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中
作时间状语，故填when。
37. signal（l）ing 考查非谓语动词。signal与其逻辑主语之间是主谓
关系，此处应用动词-ing形式作状语，故填signal（l）ing。
38. to explore 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，
故填to explore。
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Michael， a 58-year-old man， lives in one of the most magical
places in the world， Honolulu， Hawaii， which is known as an ideal
vacation spot for most Americans. He gets to call this place home. But he
has difficulty finding a regular place to live in. Being a homeless man， he
usually sleeps on the streets and beaches of Honolulu.
Michael has an interest in baseball， so he often takes advantage of
the wonderful weather to play baseball. That’s how he earns him the
nickname “Baseball Michael”. Many of his friends know where to find
him — in the former Heald College parking garage.There， he practices
his skills， in the hope of making it big one day.
Several days ago， when Michael was hitting some baseballs， he
lost one in a narrow gap between the parking garage and a drug store next
door. He kept on playing. After losing a total of six balls， he decided to
go down to get them. The gap was so narrow that he wasn’t sure whether
he could squeeze in （挤进去）. But realizing those baseballs were his
only possessions， he finally made up his mind to have a try.
Michael made his way down the gap， but things turned tricky. He
saw it was narrow at the bottom but he thought he was thin enough to enter
it. Moments later， he let out an “uh oh”. Beyond his expectation，
the space was too small for him to fit. However， he kept going with his
eyes on his baseballs. He whispered， “Don’t give up. They are all I
have.”
As Michael went down a little lower and lower， he realized that
there was no way to return. He had to wait for somebody to rescue him.
As he didn’t bring his mobile phone along， he had to shout as loudly as
he could. However， there was no one answering him. Half an hour
later， he felt extremely thirsty. He was very tired and afraid that he could
no longer hold on. Just when he was about to give up， he heard the sound
of footsteps was approaching.
注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
A worker named Ray passed by and discovered Michael.
The firefighters arrived at the site soon.
参考范文：
A worker named Ray passed by and discovered Michael. “Are you
OK？” Ray asked. “No， I’m trapped and I’m thirsty. Please help
me out，” said Michael in a very low voice. After hearing that， Ray
took out his mobile phone and called one of his colleagues to buy a bottle
of water and a rope. Then Ray， together with his colleague， started
their rescue work. They tried lowering one end of the rope to Michael，
but it was too short for him to grab. After several unsuccessful attempts，
they had to call 911 to rescue Michael.
The firefighters arrived at the site soon. First， they tried many ways
to free Michael but didn’t make it. The rescue work was getting tougher.
Michael became hopeless and began to cry in panic， “Will I die？”
The firefighters， as well as Ray and his colleague， comforted Michael
continuously. The firemen had to use tools to cut the gap wider. With joint
efforts， Michael managed to get out of the gap. Then he decided not to
do anything dangerous like that. However， fortunately， Ray offered his
spare house to Michael. Michael promised that he would find a job and do
charity in return.
谢谢观看！
