(共75张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 录
(语法项目——现在完成时的被动语态)
课时跟踪检测
(语法项目——现在完成时的被动语态)
Over the years, Zhou Zhanbin has witnessed① the reserve's improving environment. “The Heihe River's water level has risen② from below 40 centimeters decades ago to about 2 meters now，” he said.“Willow trees and grasses have been planted③ along the river banks, and more migratory birds are coming to this area.”According to Zhou Zhanbin, director of the county's wetland park administration office, to date, more than 460 hectares of vegetation have been restored④ in the part of the nature reserve in Gaotai county.
“10 monitoring stations have also been set up⑥ in the reserve to study the distribution and migration of the birds，” Zhou added.With more birds calling the reserve their home, Zhou has become⑦ their devoted guardian.Every time he finds an injured or sick bird, he escorts (护送) it to a nearby rescue station via rowboat.“The environment has improved⑧， the air isn't so dry, and I get to see different types of birds every day. I can't bring myself to tear my eyes away from the beautiful scenery before me for even a second，” he said.
[语法入门]
①②⑦⑧加蓝部分为现在完成时的主动语态形式；
③④⑥加蓝部分为现在完成时的被动语态形式；
⑤加蓝部分为一般过去时的被动语态形式。
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，而且主语和谓语动词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。其结构包括：
一、用法规则
[先感知]
①(教材典句)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
②Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
③How long has this film been shown
④A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught.
[会发现]
①②③④句都使用了现在完成时的被动语态。①②句为现在完成时的被动语态的______式；③句为_________式；④句为_______式。
肯定
特殊疑问
否定
[明规则]
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
4．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，而一般过去时的被动语态只表示过去的动作。
[名师点津] 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already 已经
yet 已经
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
Ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
续表
[对点练]
(1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack __________________________by his boss for his devotion to work.
has always been praised
②They have found a good place to build a hospital in the village.
→A good place _______________by them to build a hospital in the village.
③We haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem ____________
__________by us yet.
has been found
hasn't been
decided
(2)完成句子
④I will go home when my homework_________________.
当我的家庭作业完成时，我就回家。
⑤This tool______________________________________.
这个工具已经被使用了1 000多年了。
has been finished
has been used for over one thousand years
二、注意事项
1．短语动词的被动语态
英语中的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，因此也可构成被动语态。短语动词被看成一个整体，是固定词组，所以构成被动语态时不可分开。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。
①He has been operated on by the best surgeon.
②These problems have been seriously thought over.
③Some artists have been looked down upon in the past few years.
④The children have been taken good care of.
[对点练] (将下列句子改成被动句)
①Grandma has taken care of my sister for 3 years.
→__________________________________________________
②Tom has sold out all the books.
→______________________________________
My sister has been taken care of by Grandma for 3 years.
All the books have been sold out by Tom.
2．带有双宾语的句子变为被动结构
带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．
[对点练] (将下面句子变为被动语态)
He has sent me an e-mail.
→__________________________________
→__________________________________
I have been sent an e-mail (by him)．
An e-mail has been sent to me (by him)．
3．带有复合宾语的句子变为被动结构
(1)如果一个动词后带的是复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)，变为被动句时，其方法是：把主动句中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。
(2)在主动语态中，用于动词(短语)feel, listen to, hear, let, make, have, notice, watch, see等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但变成被动语态后要加上to。
①They have chosen Tom captain.
→Tom has been chosen captain.
②I have found him lying on the floor.
→He has been found lying on the floor.
③People have seen him enter the building.
→He has been seen to enter the building.
[对点练] (将下面句子变为被动语态)
①I have noticed Mary crying outside the house.
→_________________________________________
②I have seen her come in.
→__________________________
Mary has been noticed crying outside the house.
She has been seen to come in.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．So far, most of our export goods ______________________
(transport) by ship.
2．Both learning sites ___________________(visit) by over 10, 000 people since last year.
have been transported
have been visited
3．It is the first time that I ___________________(scold)by my parents.
4．Quantities of water ________________(waste) so far.
5．In recent years, much research ___________________(conduct) on the wildlife protection.
6．Wildlife ____________________(threat) greatly by human expansion in the last few years.
have been scolded
have been wasted
has been conducted
has been threatened
7．Since the project started, nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs ___________________(produce).
8．Since the launch of the Chinese Space Station, several taikonauts _______________ (send) to work in it.
have been produced
have been sent
9．So far our workout rooms __________________ (update) with modern facilities.
10．I suggest that you (should) buy a new machine because the old one __________________ (damage) beyond repair.
have been updated
has been damaged
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．These flowers__________________; you can go home.
这些花已经浇过水了，你可以回家了。
2．It __________________that water is fundamental to the development of life.
已经证实，水是生命发展的基础。
have been watered
has been proved
3．Her money __________________and her patience is also running out.
她的钱已经用完了，并且她的耐心也要耗尽了。
4．Traditional festivals ______________________to us from our ancestors.
传统节日是我们的祖先传下来的。
has been run out of
have been passed down
5．Since several years ago, great attention ________________to the health and care of children by the government.
从几年前开始，政府就非常重视儿童的健康和保健。
6．The software _____________________to help my phone battery last longer.
该软件已经下载了，可以帮助我的手机电池续航时间更长。
has been paid
has been downloaded
7．Since then, our life _________________________by the Internet.
自那以后，通过网络，我们的生活有了很大的改善。
8．Since these animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, the amount of plants ________________in the park.
由于这些动物消耗了大量的植被，该公园植物的数量减少了。
has been greatly improved
has been reduced
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
How would you go without your smartphone For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phone
Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone, American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can't kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we're waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed”．
But does it matter if we make the most of this technology Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King's College London found young people couldn't control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.
Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don't just look at our phone when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette.
One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their phone. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了手机依赖症的特点及产生的问题，并希望人们能够多点时间放下手机，投入到现实世界中来。
1．What is Martin Cooper's attitude to focusing on smartphones
A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Unacceptable.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling(刷屏) and ‘get a life’．”可推知，在接受BBC采访时，他建议人们不要再刷手机了，要“享受生活”。即Martin Cooper不支持人们天天刷手机。
√
2．What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Stopped. B．Increased.
C．Offered. D．Saved.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“有可能，因为就像药物一样，当它被 时，问题就会出现。”和下文“这种行为意味着，如果不允许人们持续用手机，他们会变得‘焦虑’或‘不安’，这可能会导致焦虑和心理健康问题”可推测手机就和药物一样，一直吃药会产生依赖，但一旦停药，身体就会出问题。由此推知，画线词withdrawn与stopped意思接近。
√
3．What is the author's key suggestion in the last paragraph
A．Concentrate on studies.
B．Get a reward for offline time.
C．Buy a new smartphone.
D．Contact with the real world.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“但主要地，也许我们只是需要多抬头，重新连接到现实世界！”可知，与现实世界的接触是作者在最后一段的关键建议。
√
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Benefits from Smartphones
B．Addiction to Smartphones
C．Development of Smartphones
D．Disadvantages of Smartphones
解析：标题归纳题。第一段提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了描述，提出了人们对手机上瘾的症状和产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B项Addiction to Smartphones适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was a college student, I did a lot of traveling abroad. That was because a professor 5 me to do so. She said, “Now is the time for you to travel around the world 6 your knowledge through actual experiences and have fun！” I 7 her.
Since I started to work for a food company, 8 ， I have done most of my traveling through the Internet. By using the Internet, I have seen the 9 of many cities on my computer screen. And I have really made business 10 ， too. With the help of the Internet, I have also got about food 11 from different countries.
Therefore, I was beginning to feel that actual trips were 12 necessary when I happened to read a famous chef's comment on the Internet. He said, “It is very difficult to have real Italian food in a foreign country, because we enjoy food and the 13 around us at the same time.” Those words 14 me of my professor's advice. With information technology advancing, you might be able to do without making some real trips. But this also means that you will miss the various 15 you can get from traveling.
Today, people 16 direct communication with others and spend much of their time on the Internet. I do not think that they are taking good advantage of information technology. We should use information technology as a tool to make our daily communication more 17 .Besides, we should never let it 18 our time for face-to-face communication. Let's make use of information technology more 19 and have great fun in experiencing the actual world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者大学期间受老师鼓励，经常出去旅行，工作后旅行大多数都是在网上进行的，然而一位著名厨师的话让作者明白了现实旅行的意义。最后作者告诉读者要明智地使用信息技术，享受现实世界。
5．A.promised B．encouraged
C．permitted D．forced
解析：根据下文中的“She said, ‘Now is the time ... experiences and have fun！’”可知，教授鼓励作者多出去旅行。故选B。
√
√
6．A.enrich B．prove
C．employ D．benefit
解析：根据空后的“your knowledge through actual experiences”可知，老师鼓励作者通过旅行经历来丰富自己的知识。故选A。
√
7．A.followed B．learned from
C．approached D．agreed with
解析：根据上文可知，作者上大学期间在老师的鼓励下经常旅行。由此可知，作者同意老师关于旅行的观点。故选D。
√
8．A.indeed B．otherwise
C．though D．therefore
解析：根据上文中的“When I was a college student, I did a lot of traveling abroad”并结合语境可知，作者在大学时期经常出去旅行，工作后大多在网上旅行，前后表示转折，应用though。故选C。
√
9．A.arts B．sights
C．rivers D．houses
解析：根据上文中的“I have done most of my traveling through the Internet.”可知，作者在网上“旅行”，通过电脑屏幕看到了许多城市的景色。故选B。
√
10．A.plans B．opportunities
C．progress D．trips
解析：根据上文中的“done most of my traveling through the Internet”和空前的“business”、空后的“too”可知，除了在网上“旅行”，作者还出差，business trip意为“出差”。故选D。
√
11．A.information B．taste
C．experiences D．feelings
解析：根据句中的“With the help of the Internet”和“about food from different countries”可知，作者通过网络了解到了不同国家的食物信息。故选A。
√
12．A.actually B．no longer
C．additionally D．even more
解析：根据句中的Therefore并结合前一段描述作者通过网络旅行的情况可知，作者开始认为真正的旅行不再有必要了。故选B。
√
13．A.people B．drink
C．atmosphere D．environment
解析：根据空后的“around us at the same time”并结合常识可知，人们在享受一个国家的美食的同时，也在感受当地的气氛。故选C。
√
14．A.reminded B．informed
C．warned D．cured
解析：根据空后的“me of my professor's advice”可知，这位厨师的话让作者想起了教授曾经给作者的建议。 remind sb. of sth.意为“提醒某人某事”。故选A。
√
15．A.news B．pleasures
C．troubles D．places
解析：根据空前的“With information technology advancing ... you will miss the various”可知，你会错过真实旅行中的各种乐趣(pleasures)。故选B。
√
16．A.enjoy B．keep
C．lose D．avoid
解析：根据句中的“spend much of their time on the Internet”可知，人们在网上花大量时间，避免和他人进行直接交流。故选D。
√
17．A.labor-saving B．long-lasting
C．fruitful D．accessible
解析：根据句中的“use information technology as a tool”可知，要把信息技术当作工具，让日常交流变得更加富有成效。 labor-saving“节省劳动力的”；long-lasting“持久的”；fruitful“富有成效的”；accessible“可到达的”。故选C。
√
18．A.make up B．get through
C．take up D．break down
解析：根据空后的“our time”可知，这里表示不能让信息技术占用面对面交流的时间。make up“组成”； get through“接通电话，用完”；take up“占用(时间)，占据(空间)”；break down“出故障”。故选C。
√
19．A.wisely B．correctly
C．instantly D．gradually
解析：根据上文中的“We should use information technology as ... for face-to-face communication.”可知，作者呼吁要明智地使用信息技术，故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Researchers have found that people who unplug their cellphones, TV, etc.over the weekend have 1 (high) satisfaction with life than people who spend their Saturdays sticking to their electronic 2 (equip)．
When social networking sites emerged, we 3 (believe) them to be only advantageous and not at all harmful, as they aimed to connect everyone around the world.But now we are 4 (addict) to them.We have become a “connected” society 5 almost every way these days.Some people are so connected that even before brushing their teeth 6 making coffee, they will roll over to check 7 (they) phones.
8 technology has certainly fostered (促进)more rapid and instant communication, the consequence of this has the potential 9 (be) catastrophic over the next several generations.The potential for addiction and the loss of human interaction 10 (connect) with digital communication seem evident more than ever in our current society.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着时代的发展和技术的进步，电子设备及网络使人们的沟通更加顺畅，但同时也产生了一些负面影响。
1．higher 考查形容词比较级。根据后文中的“than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，故填higher。
2．equipment 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“electronic”可知，此处应用名词，又因为equipment为不可数名词，故填equipment。
3．believed 考查时态。根据空前的时间状语从句可推知，此处应用一般过去时，故填believed。
4．addicted 考查形容词。根据语境可推知，此处表示“但是如今我们对它们上瘾了”，因此应用形容词。be addicted to ...意为“对……上瘾”，为固定搭配。
5．in 考查介词。in every way为固定搭配，意为“在各个方面”。故填in。
6．or 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，句中brushing和making并列，且为选择关系，因此应用or。
7．their 考查代词。根据空后的“phones”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
8．While/Although/Though 考查连词。根据语境可知，前后部分之间是让步关系，故填While/Although/Though。
9．to be 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，修饰前面的抽象名词potential，其后catastrophic为形容词，因此填to be表将来。
10．connected 考查非谓语动词。句中已有系动词seem，故空处应填非谓语，且其与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填connected。Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
(语法项目——现在完成时的被动语态)
Over the years, Zhou Zhanbin has witnessed① the reserve's improving environment. “The Heihe River's water level has risen② from below 40 centimeters decades ago to about 2 meters now，” he said.“Willow trees and grasses have been planted③ along the river banks, and more migratory birds are coming to this area.”According to Zhou Zhanbin, director of the county's wetland park administration office, to date, more than 460 hectares of vegetation have been restored④ in the part of the nature reserve in Gaotai county.
Zhou said that last year, more than 56,000 birds were recorded⑤ in the reserve, which is becoming an increasingly important wintering site for those are migrating, as well as a breeding site for species under state protection.
“10 monitoring stations have also been set up⑥ in the reserve to study the distribution and migration of the birds，” Zhou added.With more birds calling the reserve their home, Zhou has become⑦ their devoted guardian.Every time he finds an injured or sick bird, he escorts (护送) it to a nearby rescue station via rowboat.“The environment has improved⑧， the air isn't so dry, and I get to see different types of birds every day. I can't bring myself to tear my eyes away from the beautiful scenery before me for even a second，” he said.
[语法入门]
①②⑦⑧加黑部分为现在完成时的主动语态形式；
③④⑥加黑部分为现在完成时的被动语态形式；
⑤加黑部分为一般过去时的被动语态形式。
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，而且主语和谓语动词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。其结构包括：
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？
特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？
一、用法规则
[先感知]
①(教材典句)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
②Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
③How long has this film been shown
④A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught.
[会发现]
①②③④句都使用了现在完成时的被动语态。①②句为现在完成时的被动语态的__________式；③句为__________式；④句为__________式。
[明规则]
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
4．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，而一般过去时的被动语态只表示过去的动作。
[名师点津] 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already 已经
yet 已经
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
[对点练]
(1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack ____________________ by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a hospital in the village.
→A good place ________________ by them to build a hospital in the village.
③We haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem __________________ by us yet.
(2)完成句子
④I will go home when my homework ________________________.
当我的家庭作业完成时，我就回家。
⑤This tool _______________________________________________________________.
这个工具已经被使用了1 000多年了。
二、注意事项
1．短语动词的被动语态
英语中的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，因此也可构成被动语态。短语动词被看成一个整体，是固定词组，所以构成被动语态时不可分开。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。
①He has been operated on by the best surgeon.
②These problems have been seriously thought over.
③Some artists have been looked down upon in the past few years.
④The children have been taken good care of.
[对点练] (将下列句子改成被动句)
①Grandma has taken care of my sister for 3 years.
→ _________________________________________________________________
②Tom has sold out all the books.
→ __________________________________________________________________
2．带有双宾语的句子变为被动结构
带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．
[对点练] (将下面句子变为被动语态)
He has sent me an e mail.
→_______________________________________________________________________
→ _____________________________________________________________________
3．带有复合宾语的句子变为被动结构
(1)如果一个动词后带的是复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)，变为被动句时，其方法是：把主动句中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。
(2)在主动语态中，用于动词(短语)feel, listen to, hear, let, make, have, notice, watch, see等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但变成被动语态后要加上to。
①They have chosen Tom captain.
→Tom has been chosen captain.
②I have found him lying on the floor.
→He has been found lying on the floor.
③People have seen him enter the building.
→He has been seen to enter the building.
[对点练] (将下面句子变为被动语态)
①I have noticed Mary crying outside the house.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
②I have seen her come in.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．So far, most of our export goods ________________________ (transport) by ship.
2．Both learning sites ______________ (visit) by over 10, 000 people since last year.
3．It is the first time that I ________________ (scold) by my parents.
4．Quantities of water ____________ (waste) so far.
5．In recent years, much research __________ (conduct) on the wildlife protection.
6．Wildlife ________________ (threat) greatly by human expansion in the last few years.
7．Since the project started, nearly 500,000 high quality digital photographs ____________________ (produce).
8．Since the launch of the Chinese Space Station, several taikonauts ________________ (send) to work in it.
9．So far our workout rooms ________________ (update) with modern facilities.
10．I suggest that you (should) buy a new machine because the old one ______________ (damage) beyond repair.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．These flowers ________________； you can go home.这些花已经浇过水了，你可以回家了。
2．It______________ that water is fundamental to the development of life.
已经证实，水是生命发展的基础。
3．Her money __________________ and her patience is also running out.
她的钱已经用完了，并且她的耐心也要耗尽了。
4．Traditional festivals ____________________ to us from our ancestors.
传统节日是我们的祖先传下来的。
5．Since several years ago, great attention ______________ to the health and care of children by the government.
从几年前开始，政府就非常重视儿童的健康和保健。
6．The software __________________ to help my phone battery last longer.
该软件已经下载了，可以帮助我的手机电池续航时间更长。
7．Since then, our life ____________________ by the Internet.
自那以后，通过网络，我们的生活有了很大的改善。
8．Since these animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, the amount of plants ______________________ in the park.
由于这些动物消耗了大量的植被，该公园植物的数量减少了。
Section Ⅳ
学案中理清
一、[会发现] 肯定 特殊疑问 否定
[对点练] ①has always been praised ②has been found
③hasn't been decided ④has been finished
⑤has been used for over one thousand years
二、[对点练] 1.①My sister has been taken care of by Grandma for 3 years. ②All the books have been sold out by Tom.
2．I have been sent an e mail (by him)．
An e mail has been sent to me (by him)．
3．①Mary has been noticed crying outside the house.
②She has been seen to come in.
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.have been transported 2.have been visited
3．have been scolded 4.have been wasted
5．has been conducted 6.has been threatened
7．have been produced 8.have been sent
9．have been updated 10.has been damaged
Ⅱ.1.have been watered 2.has been proved
3．has been run out of 4.have been passed down
5．has been paid 6.has been downloaded
7．has been greatly improved 8.has been reduced
1UNIT 3 课时检测(四) Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
How would you go without your smartphone For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phone
Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone, American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can't kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we're waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed”．
But does it matter if we make the most of this technology Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King's College London found young people couldn't control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.
Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don't just look at our phone when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette.
One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their phone. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!
1．What is Martin Cooper's attitude to focusing on smartphones
A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Unacceptable.
2．What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Stopped. B．Increased.
C．Offered. D．Saved.
3．What is the author's key suggestion in the last paragraph
A．Concentrate on studies.
B．Get a reward for offline time.
C．Buy a new smartphone.
D．Contact with the real world.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Benefits from Smartphones
B．Addiction to Smartphones
C．Development of Smartphones
D．Disadvantages of Smartphones
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was a college student, I did a lot of traveling abroad. That was because a professor __5__ me to do so. She said, “Now is the time for you to travel around the world__6__ your knowledge through actual experiences and have fun！” I __7__ her.
Since I started to work for a food company, __8__， I have done most of my traveling through the Internet. By using the Internet, I have seen the __9__ of many cities on my computer screen. And I have really made business __10__， too. With the help of the Internet, I have also got about food __11__ from different countries.
Therefore, I was beginning to feel that actual trips were __12__ necessary when I happened to read a famous chef's comment on the Internet. He said, “It is very difficult to have real Italian food in a foreign country, because we enjoy food and the __13__ around us at the same time.” Those words __14__ me of my professor's advice. With information technology advancing, you might be able to do without making some real trips. But this also means that you will miss the various __15__ you can get from traveling.
Today, people __16__ direct communication with others and spend much of their time on the Internet. I do not think that they are taking good advantage of information technology. We should use information technology as a tool to make our daily communication more__17__.Besides, we should never let it __18__ our time for face to face communication. Let's make use of information technology more__19__ and have great fun in experiencing the actual world.
5.A.promised B．encouraged
C．permitted D．forced
6．A.enrich B．prove
C．employ D．benefit
7．A.followed B．learned from
C．approached D．agreed with
8．A.indeed B．otherwise
C．though D．therefore
9.A.arts B．sights
C．rivers D．houses
10．A.plans B．opportunities
C．progress D．trips
11．A.information B．taste
C．experiences D．feelings
12．A.actually B．no longer
C．additionally D．even more
13．A.people B．drink
C．atmosphere D．environment
14．A.reminded B．informed
C．warned D．cured
15．A.news B．pleasures
C．troubles D．places
16．A.enjoy B．keep
C．lose D．avoid
17．A.labor saving B．long lasting
C．fruitful D．accessible
18．A.make up B．get through
C．take up D．break down
19．A.wisely B．correctly
C．instantly D．gradually
Ⅲ.语法填空
Researchers have found that people who unplug their cellphones, TV, etc.over the weekend have __1__ (high) satisfaction with life than people who spend their Saturdays sticking to their electronic __2__ (equip)．
When social networking sites emerged, we __3__ (believe) them to be only advantageous and not at all harmful, as they aimed to connect everyone around the world.But now we are __4__ (addict) to them.We have become a “connected” society __5__ almost every way these days.Some people are so connected that even before brushing their teeth __6__ making coffee, they will roll over to check __7__ (they) phones.
__8__ technology has certainly fostered (促进)more rapid and instant communication, the consequence of this has the potential __9__ (be) catastrophic over the next several generations.The potential for addiction and the loss of human interaction __10__ (connect) with digital communication seem evident more than ever in our current society.
UNIT 3 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了手机依赖症的特点及产生的问题，并希望人们能够多点时间放下手机，投入到现实世界中来。
1．选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling(刷屏) and ‘get a life’．”可推知，在接受BBC采访时，他建议人们不要再刷手机了，要“享受生活”。即Martin Cooper不支持人们天天刷手机。
2．选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“有可能，因为就像药物一样，当它被__________时，问题就会出现。”和下文“这种行为意味着，如果不允许人们持续用手机，他们会变得‘焦虑’或‘不安’，这可能会导致焦虑和心理健康问题”可推测手机就和药物一样，一直吃药会产生依赖，但一旦停药，身体就会出问题。由此推知，画线词withdrawn与stopped意思接近。
3．选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“但主要地，也许我们只是需要多抬头，重新连接到现实世界！”可知，与现实世界的接触是作者在最后一段的关键建议。
4．选B 标题归纳题。第一段提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了描述，提出了人们对手机上瘾的症状和产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B项Addiction to Smartphones适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者大学期间受老师鼓励，经常出去旅行，工作后旅行大多数都是在网上进行的，然而一位著名厨师的话让作者明白了现实旅行的意义。最后作者告诉读者要明智地使用信息技术，享受现实世界。
5．选B 根据下文中的“She said, ‘Now is the time ... experiences and have fun！’”可知，教授鼓励作者多出去旅行。故选B。
6．选A 根据空后的“your knowledge through actual experiences”可知，老师鼓励作者通过旅行经历来丰富自己的知识。故选A。
7．选D 根据上文可知，作者上大学期间在老师的鼓励下经常旅行。由此可知，作者同意老师关于旅行的观点。故选D。
8．选C 根据上文中的“When I was a college student, I did a lot of traveling abroad”并结合语境可知，作者在大学时期经常出去旅行，工作后大多在网上旅行，前后表示转折，应用though。故选C。
9．选B 根据上文中的“I have done most of my traveling through the Internet.”可知，作者在网上“旅行”，通过电脑屏幕看到了许多城市的景色。故选B。
10．选D 根据上文中的“done most of my traveling through the Internet”和空前的“business”、空后的“too”可知，除了在网上“旅行”，作者还出差，business trip意为“出差”。故选D。
11．选A 根据句中的“With the help of the Internet”和“about food________ from different countries”可知，作者通过网络了解到了不同国家的食物信息。故选A。
12．选B 根据句中的Therefore并结合前一段描述作者通过网络旅行的情况可知，作者开始认为真正的旅行不再有必要了。故选B。
13．选C 根据空后的“around us at the same time”并结合常识可知，人们在享受一个国家的美食的同时，也在感受当地的气氛。故选C。
14．选A 根据空后的“me of my professor's advice”可知，这位厨师的话让作者想起了教授曾经给作者的建议。 remind sb. of sth.意为“提醒某人某事”。故选A。
15．选B 根据空前的“With information technology advancing ... you will miss the various”可知，你会错过真实旅行中的各种乐趣(pleasures)。故选B。
16．选D 根据句中的“spend much of their time on the Internet”可知，人们在网上花大量时间，避免和他人进行直接交流。故选D。
17．选C 根据句中的“use information technology as a tool”可知，要把信息技术当作工具，让日常交流变得更加富有成效。 labor saving“节省劳动力的”；long lasting“持久的”；fruitful“富有成效的”；accessible“可到达的”。故选C。
18．选C 根据空后的“our time”可知，这里表示不能让信息技术占用面对面交流的时间。make up“组成”； get through“接通电话，用完”；take up“占用(时间)，占据(空间)”；break down“出故障”。故选C。
19．选A 根据上文中的“We should use information technology as ... for face to face communication.”可知，作者呼吁要明智地使用信息技术，故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着时代的发展和技术的进步，电子设备及网络使人们的沟通更加顺畅，但同时也产生了一些负面影响。
1．higher 考查形容词比较级。根据后文中的“than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，故填higher。
2．equipment 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“electronic”可知，此处应用名词，又因为equipment为不可数名词，故填equipment。
3．believed 考查时态。根据空前的时间状语从句可推知，此处应用一般过去时，故填believed。
4．addicted 考查形容词。根据语境可推知，此处表示“但是如今我们对它们上瘾了”，因此应用形容词。be addicted to ...意为“对……上瘾”，为固定搭配。
5．in 考查介词。in every way为固定搭配，意为“在各个方面”。故填in。
6．or 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，句中brushing和making并列，且为选择关系，因此应用or。
7．their 考查代词。根据空后的“phones”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
8．While/Although/Though 考查连词。根据语境可知，前后部分之间是让步关系，故填While/Although/Though。
9．to be 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，修饰前面的抽象名词potential，其后catastrophic为形容词，因此填to be表将来。
10．connected 考查非谓语动词。句中已有系动词seem，故空处应填非谓语，且其与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填connected。
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