(共84张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 录
(语法项目——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语)
课时跟踪检测
(语法项目——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语)
Peter once hated cycling and his abandoned① bicycle was in the corner of his room. Later his father invited a retired② bike instructor to give him some instructions. In order to make himself understood③ by Peter, the coach repeated again and again, requiring him to practise every day. He must finish the task in the time given④.
The method adopted by his coach⑤ was very scientific and he made rapid progress. In a cycle race he took part in, the cyclists involved⑥ all longed to win medals. During the match, the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself. Finally, Peter won a gold medal.
[语法入门]
①②为过去分词作前置定语；
③为过去分词作宾语补足语；
④⑥为过去分词作后置定语；
⑤为过去分词短语作后置定语。
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，在句子中不能单独构成谓语，可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语。
一、过去分词作定语
[先感知]
①The results indicated that something produced by the mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria.
②As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
③There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
④Is there anything unsolved
⑤The risen sun is shining brightly at noon.
[会发现]
(1)句①中的加黑部分为过去分词短语，在句中作______定语；句②中的加黑部分为单个过去分词，在句中作______定语；句③中的left和concerned及句④中的unsolved则是单个过去分词作后置定语。
(2)及物动词(短语)作定语，一般表示被动和完成；不及物动词作定语，如句⑤中的加黑部分只表示_______________。
后置
前置
动作的完成
[明规则]
1．一般情况下，单个过去分词作定语，通常放在所修饰词之前。
(1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned (有关的)等。
(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。
2．过去分词短语作定语时往往后置，通常放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
3．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作已完成。
[名师点津] 过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别：
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
[对点练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
inspired
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace.
③(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message __________(intend) for everyone.
recognized
intended
④(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a _________(share) future for mankind.
⑤There are still many problems ___________(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
⑥The cars ___________(sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.
shared
to be solved
being sold
(2)同义句转换
⑦He is a teacher who is loved by his students.(改为过去分词短语作后置定语)
→He is a teacher____________________.
loved by his students
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
[先感知]
①He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.
②Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
③While they were on holiday, they had their house broken into.
④They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
⑤The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
[会发现]
以上结构中，过去分词在句中作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语_____________________________。
所发生的动作或存在的状态
[明规则]
过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语，用于“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句式，说明宾语的性质或状态，构成过去分词的动词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：
1．过去分词用在表示某种状态的keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
3．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
5．用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
[名师点津] 过去分词、现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
形式 宾语和构成宾补的动词之间的关系 意义
过去分词作宾补 逻辑上的动宾关系 表示被动、完成的动作
现在分词作宾补 逻辑上的主谓关系 表示主动、正在进行的动作
动词不定式作宾补(感官动词 hear, see, notice 等可接省略to 的不定式) 逻辑上的主谓关系 表示主动动作发生的全过程
续表
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe _________(pass) from one generation to another.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them ________(prepare) differently — more dumpling and less soup.
passed
prepared
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us ____________(astonish)．
④Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _________(wash)．
⑤With the problem ________(solve), the quality has been improved.
astonished
washed
solved
⑥They knew her very well. They had seen her ______(grow) up from childhood.
⑦The missing boy was last seen __________(play) near the river.
grow
playing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The USA is a ___________ (shorten) name for the United States of America.
2．The bridge ________(build) last year is reported to have fallen in the floods last week.
shortened
built
3．I have never visited the small village _________(locate) on the other side of this river.
4．The origin of facial make-up _______(use) in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period.
located
used
5．Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people __________(trap) in powerless high-rise buildings.
6．I just couldn't make myself ____________(understand) while talking to a foreigner.
trapped
understood
7．One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty _________(hide) from his eyes.
8．People in the south have their houses ________(make) of bamboo.
hidden
made
9．When he woke up, he found himself ______(tie) to bed and unable to move.
10．The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything ___________(arrange) in perfect order.
tied
arranged
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The rescue team ____________________________________has been sent to the disaster area.
由5位医生和7名护士组成的救援队已被派往灾区。
2．The children ______________________________were rescued successfully by firefighters.
那些困在起火大楼里的孩子被消防员成功救出来了。
made up of five doctors and seven nurses
trapped in the burning building
3．Tsinghua University,________________, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清华大学，创办于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
4．The theatre __________________has become a well-known tourist attraction.
这座建于300年前的剧院已成为著名的旅游景点。
founded in 1911
built 300 years ago
5．With the Spring Festival approaching, I bought a toy _________________________for my child.
随着春节的临近，我给孩子买了一个装饰着彩灯的玩具。
6．The teacher spoke louder to__________________, but he failed.
为了让自己说话能被听到，老师说得更大声了点，但是未能奏效。
decorated with colorful lights
make himself heard
7．Her husband rushed home, only to______________________.
她丈夫急匆匆赶回家，结果发现门已经被锁了。
8．________________________around water, Guilin is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China.
桂林是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，整个城市围绕着水而建。
find the door locked
With the whole city built
9．As he was pushing his bicycle across the track, he was surprised to______________________.
当他正推着他的自行车跨过这条小道时，他吃惊地听到有人叫他的名字。
10．When I came into the classroom this morning, I _________________in a novel.
今天早上当我进教室的时候，我发现他正埋头读一本小说。
hear his name called
found him buried
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the name of social distancing, this year's graduation ceremonies have become different. However, one tradition has continued to exist — the square graduation cap, commonly known as a mortarboard hat.
European scholars (学者) have been wearing caps since the first universities were started in the 11th century, but their early caps looked more like Amelia Earhart's pilot cap than the square caps we know today. Early scholars first used the pileus (伞状帽). By the 14th century, pileus caps were becoming taller, similar to a modern chef's hat but shorter. This style, the “pileus rotundus”， was used mainly by university students studying law, medicine, and science.
By the middle of the 16th century, a new cap style made waves in universities: the “pileus quadratus”， a soft, square cap that required less material to make. Soon the two styles, round and square, became symbols of different statuses. One century later at the University of Oxford, under-graduates wore the older, rounded caps, while those with higher degrees were allowed to wear the pileus quadratus.
The first American colleges were started in the mid-1600s, and their class structures and degree requirements followed famous English universities. And European scholarly traditions were kept — including ideas of proper academic dress. Today, American graduates in law, medicine, and philosophy still wear rounded caps, but undergraduates always use the square cap.
Although the square hat has a centuries-old history, new cap traditions are popping up across the US. About 100 years ago, students began moving their tassels (流苏) from the right side of their cap to the left. To this day there are no formal rules on where the tassel should be placed, but the act of moving it from one side to the other has been widely popular.
While the ways in which we observe graduation may change, the four-cornered black hat will likely remain a sort of culture for academic achievements — a symbol of celebration with roots going back to medieval Europe.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲和美国毕业帽的历史。
√
1．What can be known about the “pileus rotundus”？
A．It is widely used by chefs today.
B．It appeared earlier than the pileus.
C．It was invented by an American scholar.
D．It was worn by part of the college students.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“By the 14th century, pileus caps were becoming taller, ... by university students studying law, medicine, and science.”可知，当时“伞形圆帽”主要被学习法律、医学和科学的大学生使用，即一部分大学生戴“伞形圆帽”。
√
2．What does the underlined phrase “made waves” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Drew a lot of attention.
B．Played a leading role.
C．Lost some support.
D．Caused trouble.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Soon the two styles, round and square, became symbols of different statuses.”可知，pileus quadratus的两种风格成了不同地位的象征。由此推知，它们引起了大学生的大量关注，开始流行起来。由此猜测，画线部分made waves意为“引起大量关注”。
√
3．What does the author want to show by introducing tassels on the caps
A．Tassels are important to the caps.
B．Formal rules are necessary for the caps.
C．New cap traditions have appeared in American colleges.
D．College students can design different kinds of caps now.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Although the square hat has a centuries-old history, new cap traditions are popping up across the US.”可推知，下文提到帽子上流苏位置的变化是为了说明新的帽子传统正在美国的大学出现。
√
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The development of different caps in people's daily life
B．An unusual teaching method in American universities
C．The history of graduates' caps in Europe and America
D．Special graduation ceremonies for college students
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提出虽然毕业典礼变得不同了，但有一个传统是没变的——方形毕业帽；第二、三段介绍欧洲毕业帽的历史；第四、五段介绍美国毕业帽的历史；最后一段进行总结。由此可知，文章主要介绍了欧洲和美国毕业帽的历史。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Born in the United States, I, with black hair and yellow skin, am an American. Yes, I am a US citizen. Yet I 5 early in my childhood that I was very different.
It wasn't until 6 to the early years of primary school that I noticed this difference. Some kids in my class asked me 7 I could speak Chinese. It seemed strange to me that they would be interested in this part of my 8 . I answered “yes” and expected them to say nothing else about it.
To my surprise, they were 9 to hear me say something in Chinese. When I did so, they said, “Wow, that's cool！” I had always thought of it as just a strange 10 that came from China.
I 11 what had happened that day when I got home. I went into the bathroom to wash my hands as I usually did. I looked myself in the mirror — the same face was 12 from that morning, but it didn't 13 the same to me. For the first time, I felt different from the others in my 14 .
That day I discovered a part of my life that was 15 — in culture and tradition — from the one I was 16 .
Now I know that we must all remember our 17 ， but we must also continue to explore, realizing that 18 is different, with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles. Recognizing these differences should 19 respect for one another.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。身为美籍华人的作者在上小学时，某一天给班上的其他孩子讲中文，从而第一次认识到自己和班上的其他人不一样，发现了生活中不同的部分。作者认识到认可这些差异应该会促进彼此尊重。
√
5．A.deserved B．discovered
C．unpressed D．proved
解析：作者是生活在美国的美籍华人，很早便发现了自己与其他同学有很大的不同。倒数第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故选B。
√
6．A.one moment B．one evening
C．one day D．one year
解析：根据后文“in the early years of primary school”可知，是指作者上小学的某一天，应用one day。故选C。
√
7．A.why B．how
C．when D．if
解析：此处为宾语从句。从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用if。故选D。
√
8．A.life B．manuscript
C．secret D．program
解析：作者作为美籍华人能够说中文，这属于他生活中的一部分。倒数第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故选A。
√
9．A.critical B．amused
C．appreciative D．eager
解析：前文讲班上的一些孩子问作者是否会说中文，结合后文“to hear me say something in Chinese”可知，说明其他孩子渴望听到作者用中文说话。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。故选D。
√
10．A.tradition B．comment
C．language D．reply
解析：根据前文“Chinese”和后文“that came from China”可知，作者认为中文只是来自中国的陌生语言。故选C。
√
11．A.wrote down B．thought about
C．talked about D．forgot about
解析：结合后文作者意识到自己的不同可知，作者回家后一直在思考那天发生的事情。write down“写下”；think about“思考”； talk about “谈论”； forget about “忘记”。故选B。
√
12．A.out B．up
C．next D．there
解析：此处指in the mirror, 应用there。
√
13．A.remain B．seem
C．act D．show
解析：结合上下文语境可知，经过了在学校给其他孩子说中文这件事，作者觉得似乎(seem)自己有一些不一样了。故选B。
√
14．A.family B．class
C．team D．country
解析：根据第二段中“Some kids in my class”可知，作者与班上(class)的其他孩子不一样。故选B。
√
15．A.different B．interesting
C．worthy D．valuable
解析：根据上文“For the first time, I felt different from the others in my”可知，作者发现了生活中不同的一部分。故选A。
√
16．A.preserving B．expecting
C．living D．reporting
解析：结合上文“That day I discovered a part of my life”可知，作者发现了与现在过着的生活所不同的一部分。故选C。
√
17．A.duties B．spots
C．concepts D．roots
解析：结合后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者意识到每个人要记住自己的根，有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。故选D。
√
18．A.nobody B．nothing
C．everyone D．everything
解析：根据后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者认识到每个人(everyone)都是不同的。故选C。
√
19．A.lead to B．stick to
C．devote to D．refer to
解析：结合后文“respect for one another”可知，认可这些差异应该会促进彼此的尊重。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received the top-level global 1 (recognize) as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China 2 (add) to UNESCO's (联合国教科文组织) Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Humanity in November, 2022.
The status was given by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, 3 (host) in Rabat, Morocco. It consists 4 knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea.
According to UNESCO, in China, traditional tea processing techniques are closely associated with geography location and natural environment, 5 (result) in a distribution range between 18°N－37°N and 94°E－122°E.
The techniques are found in many parts in China. Over 2,000 tea varieties, 6 (main) in six categories — green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark — are grown in China.
As 7 document from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to UNESCO explains, tea is common in Chinese people's daily life. Usually practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships with them through tea-related activities are shared among multiple ethnic groups. They provide a sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and 8 (individual) concerned, the document points out.
In China, 44 9 (register) national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities in China 10 have set up majors in tea science or tea culture.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国传统茶叶加工技术及其社会实践被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。
1．recognition 考查名词。此处作received的宾语，应用名词recognition“认可”。故填recognition。
2．were added 考查时态、语态与主谓一致。根据in November, 2022可知，应用一般过去时； 主语Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices 与add是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态； 主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were added。
3．hosted 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词was given，故空处应用非谓语动词； host与其主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填hosted。
4．of 考查介词。固定搭配consist of“包括”。故填of。
5．resulting 考查非谓语动词。此处表示一种自然产生的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填resulting。
6．mainly 考查副词。此处修饰介词短语，应用副词。故填mainly。
7．a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个文件”， document是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
8．individuals 考查名词复数。此处与communities和groups作for的并列宾语，应用复数形式。故填individuals。
9．registered 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作非谓语动词，表示“被注册”，故应用过去分词作定语。
10．that/which 考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that或which。Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
(语法项目——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语)
Peter once hated cycling and his abandoned① bicycle was in the corner of his room. Later his father invited a retired② bike instructor to give him some instructions. In order to make himself understood③ by Peter, the coach repeated again and again, requiring him to practise every day. He must finish the task in the time given④. The method adopted by his coach⑤ was very scientific and he made rapid progress. In a cycle race he
took part in, the cyclists involved⑥ all longed to win medals. During the match, the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself. Finally, Peter won a gold medal.
[语法入门]
①②为过去分词作前置定语；
③为过去分词作宾语补足语；
④⑥为过去分词作后置定语；
⑤为过去分词短语作后置定语。
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加 ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，在句子中不能单独构成谓语，可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语。
一、过去分词作定语
[先感知]
①The results indicated that something produced by the mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria.
②As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
③There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
④Is there anything unsolved
⑤The risen sun is shining brightly at noon.
[会发现]
(1)句①中的加黑部分为过去分词短语，在句中作__________定语；句②中的加黑部分为单个过去分词，在句中作__________定语；句③中的left和concerned及句④中的unsolved则是单个过去分词作后置定语。
(2)及物动词(短语)作定语，一般表示被动和完成；不及物动词作定语，如句⑤中的加黑部分只表示______________。
[明规则]
1．一般情况下，单个过去分词作定语，通常放在所修饰词之前。
(1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned (有关的)等。
(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。
2．过去分词短语作定语时往往后置，通常放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
3．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作已完成。
[名师点津] 过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别：
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
[对点练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six meter tall pavilion, __________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace.
③(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message __________ (intend) for everyone.
④(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a __________ (share) future for mankind.
⑤There are still many problems ____________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
⑥The cars ______________ (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.
(2)同义句转换
⑦He is a teacher who is loved by his students.(改为过去分词短语作后置定语)
→He is a teacher _________________________________________________________.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
[先感知]
①He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.
②Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
③While they were on holiday, they had their house broken into.
④They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
⑤The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
[会发现]
以上结构中，过去分词在句中作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语________________________。
[明规则]
过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语，用于“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句式，说明宾语的性质或状态，构成过去分词的动词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：
1．过去分词用在表示某种状态的keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
3．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
5．用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 [名师点津] 过去分词、现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
形式 宾语和构成宾补的动词之间的关系 意义
过去分词作宾补 逻辑上的动宾关系 表示被动、完成的动作
现在分词作宾补 逻辑上的主谓关系 表示主动、正在进行的动作
动词不定式作宾补(感官动词 hear, see, notice 等可接省略to 的不定式) 逻辑上的主谓关系 表示主动动作发生的全过程
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe __________ (pass) from one generation to another.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them __________ (prepare) differently — more dumpling and less soup.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us ________________ (astonish)．
④Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________ (wash)．
⑤With the problem __________ (solve), the quality has been improved.
⑥They knew her very well. They had seen her __________ (grow) up from childhood.
⑦The missing boy was last seen __________ (play) near the river.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The USA is a __________ (shorten) name for the United States of America.
2．The bridge __________ (build) last year is reported to have fallen in the floods last week.
3．I have never visited the small village ______(locate) on the other side of this river.
4．The origin of facial make up ________ (use) in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period.
5．Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people __________ (trap) in powerless high rise buildings.
6．I just couldn't make myself __________(understand) while talking to a foreigner.
7．One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty __________ (hide) from his eyes.
8．People in the south have their houses ______________ (make) of bamboo.
9．When he woke up, he found himself ______________ (tie) to bed and unable to move.
10．The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything ________(arrange) in perfect order.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The rescue team ______________________ has been sent to the disaster area.
由5位医生和7名护士组成的救援队已被派往灾区。
2．The children ________________________ were rescued successfully by firefighters.
那些困在起火大楼里的孩子被消防员成功救出来了。
3．Tsinghua University, __________________， is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清华大学，创办于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
4．The theatre ________________ has become a well known tourist attraction.
这座建于300年前的剧院已成为著名的旅游景点。
5．With the Spring Festival approaching, I bought a toy ______________________for my child.
随着春节的临近，我给孩子买了一个装饰着彩灯的玩具。
6．The teacher spoke louder to ________________________， but he failed.
为了让自己说话能被听到，老师说得更大声了点，但是未能奏效。
7．Her husband rushed home, only to ________________________.
她丈夫急匆匆赶回家，结果发现门已经被锁了。
8．________________________ around water, Guilin is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China.
桂林是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，整个城市围绕着水而建。
9．As he was pushing his bicycle across the track, he was surprised to ________________________________________________________________________.
当他正推着他的自行车跨过这条小道时，他吃惊地听到有人叫他的名字。
10．When I came into the classroom this morning, I __________________________ in a novel.
今天早上当我进教室的时候，我发现他正埋头读一本小说。
Section Ⅳ
学案中理清
一、[会发现] (1)后置 前置 (2)动作的完成
[对点练] ①inspired ②recognized ③intended ④shared ⑤to be solved ⑥being sold ⑦loved by his students
二、[会发现] 所发生的动作或存在的状态
[对点练] ①passed ②prepared ③astonished ④washed ⑤solved ⑥grow ⑦playing
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.shortened 2.built 3.located 4.used 5.trapped
6．understood 7.hidden 8.made 9.tied 10.arranged
Ⅱ.1.made up of five doctors and seven nurses
2．trapped in the burning building 3.founded in 1911
4．built 300 years ago 5.decorated with colorful lights
6．make himself heard 7.find the door locked
8．With the whole city built 9.hear his name called
10．found him buried
1UNIT 4 课时检测(四) Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the name of social distancing, this year's graduation ceremonies have become different. However, one tradition has continued to exist — the square graduation cap, commonly known as a mortarboard hat.
European scholars (学者) have been wearing caps since the first universities were started in the 11th century, but their early caps looked more like Amelia Earhart's pilot cap than the square caps we know today. Early scholars first used the pileus (伞状帽). By the 14th century, pileus caps were becoming taller, similar to a modern chef's hat but shorter. This style, the “pileus rotundus”， was used mainly by university students studying law, medicine, and science.
By the middle of the 16th century, a new cap style made_waves in universities: the “pileus quadratus”， a soft, square cap that required less material to make. Soon the two styles, round and square, became symbols of different statuses. One century later at the University of Oxford, under graduates wore the older, rounded caps, while those with higher degrees were allowed to wear the pileus quadratus.
The first American colleges were started in the mid 1600s, and their class structures and degree requirements followed famous English universities. And European scholarly traditions were kept — including ideas of proper academic dress. Today, American graduates in law, medicine, and philosophy still wear rounded caps, but undergraduates always use the square cap.
Although the square hat has a centuries old history, new cap traditions are popping up across the US. About 100 years ago, students began moving their tassels (流苏) from the right side of their cap to the left. To this day there are no formal rules on where the tassel should be placed, but the act of moving it from one side to the other has been widely popular.
While the ways in which we observe graduation may change, the four cornered black hat will likely remain a sort of culture for academic achievements — a symbol of celebration with roots going back to medieval Europe.
1．What can be known about the “pileus rotundus”？
A．It is widely used by chefs today.
B．It appeared earlier than the pileus.
C．It was invented by an American scholar.
D．It was worn by part of the college students.
2．What does the underlined phrase “made waves” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Drew a lot of attention.
B．Played a leading role.
C．Lost some support.
D．Caused trouble.
3．What does the author want to show by introducing tassels on the caps
A．Tassels are important to the caps.
B．Formal rules are necessary for the caps.
C．New cap traditions have appeared in American colleges.
D．College students can design different kinds of caps now.
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The development of different caps in people's daily life
B．An unusual teaching method in American universities
C．The history of graduates' caps in Europe andAmerica
D．Special graduation ceremonies for college students
Ⅱ.完形填空
Born in the United States, I, with black hair and yellow skin, am an American. Yes, I am a US citizen. Yet I __5__ early in my childhood that I was very different.
It wasn't until __6__ to the early years of primary school that I noticed this difference. Some kids in my class asked me__7__ I could speak Chinese. It seemed strange to me that they would be interested in this part of my __8__. I answered “yes” and expected them to say nothing else about it.
To my surprise, they were __9__ to hear me say something in Chinese. When I did so, they said, “Wow, that's cool！” I had always thought of it as just a strange __10__ that came from China.
I __11__ what had happened that day when I got home. I went into the bathroom to wash my hands as I usually did. I looked myself in the mirror — the same face was __12__ from that morning, but it didn't __13__ the same to me. For the first time, I felt different from the others in my __14__.
That day I discovered a part of my life that was __15__ — in culture and tradition — from the one I was __16__.
Now I know that we must all remember our __17__， but we must also continue to explore, realizing that __18__ is different, with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles. Recognizing these differences should __19__ respect for one another.
5.A.deserved B．discovered
C．unpressed D．proved
6．A.one moment B．one evening
C．one day D．one year
7．A.why B．how
C．when D．if
8．A.life B．manuscript
C．secret D．program
9.A.critical B．amused
C．appreciative D．eager
10．A.tradition B．comment
C．language D．reply
11．A.wrote down B．thought about
C．talked about D．forgot about
12．A.out B．up
C．next D．there
13．A.remain B．seem
C．act D．show
14．A.family B．class
C．team D．country
15．A.different B．interesting
C．worthy D．valuable
16．A.preserving B．expecting
C．living D．reporting
17．A.duties B．spots
C．concepts D．roots
18．A.nobody B．nothing
C．everyone D．everything
19．A.lead to B．stick to
C．devote to D．refer to
Ⅲ.语法填空
The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received the top level global __1__ (recognize) as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China __2__ (add) to UNESCO's (联合国教科文组织) Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Humanity in November, 2022.
The status was given by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, __3__ (host) in Rabat, Morocco. It consists __4__ knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea.
According to UNESCO, in China, traditional tea processing techniques are closely associated with geography location and natural environment, __5__ (result) in a distribution range between 18°N－37°N and 94°E－122°E.
The techniques are found in many parts in China. Over 2,000 tea varieties, __6__ (main) in six categories — green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark — are grown in China.
As __7__ document from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to UNESCO explains, tea is common in Chinese people's daily life. Usually practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships with them through tea related activities are shared among multiple ethnic groups. They provide a sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and __8__ (individual) concerned, the document points out.
In China, 44 __9__ (register) national level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities in China __10__ have set up majors in tea science or tea culture.
UNIT 4 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲和美国毕业帽的历史。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“By the 14th century, pileus caps were becoming taller, ... by university students studying law, medicine, and science.”可知，当时“伞形圆帽”主要被学习法律、医学和科学的大学生使用，即一部分大学生戴“伞形圆帽”。
2．选A 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Soon the two styles, round and square, became symbols of different statuses.”可知，pileus quadratus的两种风格成了不同地位的象征。由此推知，它们引起了大学生的大量关注，开始流行起来。由此猜测，画线部分made waves意为“引起大量关注”。
3．选C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Although the square hat has a centuriesold history, new cap traditions are popping up across the US.”可推知，下文提到帽子上流苏位置的变化是为了说明新的帽子传统正在美国的大学出现。
4．选C 标题归纳题。文章第一段提出虽然毕业典礼变得不同了，但有一个传统是没变的——方形毕业帽；第二、三段介绍欧洲毕业帽的历史；第四、五段介绍美国毕业帽的历史；最后一段进行总结。由此可知，文章主要介绍了欧洲和美国毕业帽的历史。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。身为美籍华人的作者在上小学时，某一天给班上的其他孩子讲中文，从而第一次认识到自己和班上的其他人不一样，发现了生活中不同的部分。作者认识到认可这些差异应该会促进彼此尊重。
5．选B 作者是生活在美国的美籍华人，很早便发现了自己与其他同学有很大的不同。倒数第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故选B。
6．选C 根据后文“in the early years of primary school”可知，是指作者上小学的某一天，应用one day。故选C。
7．选D 此处为宾语从句。从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用if。故选D。
8．选A 作者作为美籍华人能够说中文，这属于他生活中的一部分。倒数第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故选A。
9．选D 前文讲班上的一些孩子问作者是否会说中文，结合后文“to hear me say something in Chinese”可知，说明其他孩子渴望听到作者用中文说话。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。故选D。
10．选C 根据前文“Chinese”和后文“that came from China”可知，作者认为中文只是来自中国的陌生语言。故选C。
11．选B 结合后文作者意识到自己的不同可知，作者回家后一直在思考那天发生的事情。write down“写下”；think about“思考”； talk about “谈论”； forget about “忘记”。故选B。
12．选D 此处指in the mirror, 应用there。
13．选B 结合上下文语境可知，经过了在学校给其他孩子说中文这件事，作者觉得似乎(seem)自己有一些不一样了。故选B。
14．选B 根据第二段中“Some kids in my class”可知，作者与班上(class)的其他孩子不一样。故选B。
15．选A 根据上文“For the first time, I felt different from the others in my”可知，作者发现了生活中不同的一部分。故选A。
16．选C 结合上文“That day I discovered a part of my life”可知，作者发现了与现在过着的生活所不同的一部分。故选C。
17．选D 结合后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者意识到每个人要记住自己的根，有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。故选D。
18．选C 根据后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者认识到每个人(everyone)都是不同的。故选C。
19．选A 结合后文“respect for one another”可知，认可这些差异应该会促进彼此的尊重。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国传统茶叶加工技术及其社会实践被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。
1．recognition 考查名词。此处作received的宾语，应用名词recognition“认可”。故填recognition。
2．were added 考查时态、语态与主谓一致。根据in November, 2022可知，应用一般过去时； 主语Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices 与add是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态； 主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were added。
3．hosted 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词was given，故空处应用非谓语动词； host与其主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填hosted。
4．of 考查介词。固定搭配consist of“包括”。故填of。
5．resulting 考查非谓语动词。此处表示一种自然产生的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填resulting。
6．mainly 考查副词。此处修饰介词短语，应用副词。故填mainly。
7．a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个文件”， document是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
8．individuals 考查名词复数。此处与communities和groups作for的并列宾语，应用复数形式。故填individuals。
9．registered 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作非谓语动词，表示“被注册”，故应用过去分词作定语。
10．that/which 考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that或which。
4
