Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元仿真验收性评价（含解析）高中英语人教版（2019）必修 第三册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元仿真验收性评价（含解析）高中英语人教版（2019）必修 第三册 |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 103.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-08-10 12:59:13 | ||
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UNIT 4 单元仿真验收性评价
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Celebrate the moon landing anniversary with books
Astronomy lovers are not the only ones excited about the anniversary of the moon landing.Publishers are also taking note, serving up a pile of books to mark the occasion.
One Giant Leap, D|S29.99 Charles Fishman
Getting to the moon demanded a million hours of work for each hour spent in space, this book argues.Accordingly, the story focuses on the engineers, coders, project managers and others who worked hard to get the Apollo program off the ground.
Moonbound, D|S35 Jonathan Fetter Vorm
Colorful and detailed, the comic style illustrations (连环画风格的插图) in this book bring the moon landing to life.Much of the astronauts' dialog is based on real recordings, making the book particularly reliable.
The Apollo Missions, $19.99 David Baker
A former NASA engineer uses photographs, illustrations, blueprints and other documents to guide readers through a clear history of the space race and the Apollo program, from the beginnings of rocket science to the successful return home of the Apollo 11 crew.
The Mission of a Lifetime, $22 Basil Hero
The Apollo astronauts rarely gave personal interviews.But now that they're getting older, the astronauts are starting to get introspective (内省的)．This book deals with conversations with the 12 astronauts who have general wisdom on overcoming fear and appreciating life.
1．What makes the content of Moonbound reliable
A．The authors' fame. B．The personal interviews.
C．The colorful illustrations. D．The related real recordings.
2．Which of the following should you read if you want to learn about the history of the space race
A．One Giant Leap. B．Moonbound.
C．The Apollo Missions. D．The Mission of a Lifetime.
3．Who is the text intended for
A．Big publishers. B．Astronomy lovers.
C．Leading scientists. D．Inexperienced astronauts.
B
For any spaceman hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be important.Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it's possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil.
The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions (任务), and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.“For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that's already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So, what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned.
To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil, add water, nutrients and light, and see what happened.The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code (基因序列) has already been fully mapped.For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that are similar to the Martian soil.To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.
Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself, according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very, very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow up studies.
4．What's the second paragraph mainly about
A．The plants grown in the lunar soil.
B．The significance of the findings.
C．The missions of future space exploration.
D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement.
5．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment
A．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil.
B．People have a good knowledge of its genes.
C．It has been tested with the lunar soil before.
D．It has a long evolutionary history.
6．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil
A．They absorbed few minerals.
B．They grew slowly in the dark.
C．They didn't grow well enough.
D．They needed more water to grow bigger.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Preparing for Farming on the Moon
B．Conducting a Study on the Lunar Soil
C．Growing Plants in the Lunar Soil
D．Making the Lunar Soil Friendlier to Plants
C
As much as we like to think about nature embodying balance, the universe is actually filled with imbalance, too.Let's take the supernova (超新星) for example.Two stars orbit each other.One of the stars is older, called a “white dwarf”， while the other star is a bit younger.Their mutual gravitational interaction (引力相互作用) pulls material off the younger star and dumps it onto the surface of the white dwarf.If enough material falls onto the dwarf, the stuff dumped onto the white dwarf begins to “burn”．
If the conditions are right, you always burn up the same amount of material that gets added.If the_donor_star is dumping too much material onto the dwarf, the burning runs out of control.It consumes not just the new material on the white dwarf's surface but the whole of the dwarf star itself.So much energy is released so quickly that the star finds itself wildly out of balance.In an instant, it becomes a super hot ball of unbalanced pressure, BOOM! A supernova is born.
Closer to home, a similar but different kind of process happens in volcanoes.Volcanoes are born when magma (熔岩) from deep in the Earth makes its way slowly to the surface through cracks in the planet's crust (地壳)．The heat from the magma builds up a massive pressure imbalance inside the mountain.It's that imbalance that drives the BOOM, the volcanic eruption that rips a zillion tons of rocks away and sends ash 15 miles into the sky.
But here's the thing: Supernova, volcanoes and all those other explosions in the universe are not just awesome sights.They are all essential players in cosmic (宇宙的) evolution.Supernovas create a lot of the elements in your body that are essential to life.No supernova, no you.And volcanoes are essential to evolution of the planet, including the cycling of greenhouse gases like CO2 that make Earth habitable.No volcanoes, no you.
8．What does the underlined phrase “the donor star” refer to in paragraph 2
A．The younger star. B．The older star.
C．The supernova. D．The white dwarf.
9．What factor leads to both the birth of supernova and volcanic eruption
A．Hot magma. B．Burning material.
C．Unbalanced pressure. D．Gravitational interaction.
10．What can we learn about the explosions in the universe in the last paragraph
A．They evolve as players. B．They create human bodies.
C．They are awesome sights. D．They are necessary to life.
11．In which section of a website can you find this text
A．Profile. B．Science.
C．Health. D．Economy.
D
The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains：the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.
One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have round edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl shaped insides, and depths that are about one sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
12．What does the text mainly discuss
A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.
C．The origin of the moon's craters.
D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.
13．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned
A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.
B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.
C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.
D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.
14．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in paragraph 3 as an example of ________.
A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
B．a characteristic of large craters
C．a discovery made through the use of Earth based telescopes
D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the Earth and the moon
15．The last paragraph probably continues with ______.
A．some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasons craters are difficult to study
D．the description of some features of large craters
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interesting Space Facts
As time goes by, technological advancements have made us learn more facts about space in the past century than in all time before that.We've already searched the universe for the most amazing space facts, including facts about the planets in our solar system, moons, the Milky Way and beyond! __16__
The highest mountain discovered is the Olympus Mons, which is located on Mars.It is 16 miles high, making it nearly 3 times higher than Mount Everest. __17__ That's the size of Arizona!
The sun weighs about 330,000 times more than Earth. __18__ In fact, the sun is so huge that it contains 99.85% of all mass in our solar system.
Footprints left on the moon won't disappear as there is no wind.But wait a minute.__19__ Well, it actually wasn't blowing.That blowing you see is because of a telescopic horizontal rod (望远镜水平杆) that the astronauts were struggling to remove from the flag's top.
__20__ This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae (椎骨) to expand a little.However, this extra height is lost when they re enter the Earth's atmosphere and are affected by the Earth's gravity again.
A．We're pretty sure they will make you interested!
B．New discoveries will no longer be made in the future.
C．It is so large that it can contain about 1,300,000 Earths!
D．Not only is it tall, but it's 114,000 square meters as well.
E．All these space facts may not be true at the time of writing.
F．Astronauts can grow about two inches in height when in space.
G．If there's no wind to blow them away, then why is the flag blowing
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A 54 year old dentist, Goodman purchased his first __21__ in 1990 and joined the Howard Astronomical League (HAL) in 2000.“There aren't too many big astronomy __22__，” said Marc Feuerberg, who is President of HAL. “If you are into astronomy at all, you kind of end up here.”
HAL which has about 120 members __23__ “star parties” several times a month.The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools, with the __24__ of creating a new generation of sky __25__.
Astronomy in general is sort of like ham radio.It was __26__ just after World War Ⅱ，__27__ now it is “kind of graying”， said Chas Rimpo, the club's events organizer.
Members offer several reasons for the __28__： kids today would rather look at stuff on computers than __29__； people think the telescopes are hard to __30__.
But they say there's nothing like being outdoors, looking at the sky and considering Earth's tiny place in the __31__.
HAL members are doing what they can to make an impression on a new generation of __32__ astronomy lovers.Plans are under way to __33__ the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimpo.
Alpha Ridge Park was chosen as the site because it is __34__ located near Interstate 70, but mostly because it has little light pollution, said Goodman.
“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place，” Goodman said, “but once it is __35__， it will be run by HAL members and be open to the public.And it will give HAL a place of its own.”
21．A.radio B．telescope
C．machine D．computer
22．A.schools B．clubs
C．companies D．centers
23．A.takes B．holds
C．builds D．opens
24．A.opinion B．suggestion
C．goal D．agreement
25．A.watchers B．astronauts
C．visitors D．astronomers
26．A.successful B．popular
C．important D．secure
27．A.and B．so
C．but D．though
28．A.shortcomings B．disadvantages
C．failure D．decline
29．A.watch out B．go away
C．go out D．give away
30．A.operate B．purchase
C．adjust D．calculate
31．A.sky B．universe
C．earth D．world
32．A.skillful B．excellent
C．potential D．patient
33．A.pick B．insert
C．fit D．place
34．A.totally B．conveniently
C．partly D．conventionally
35．A.chosen B．designed
C．completed D．found
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The International Space Station (ISS) is an __36__ (extreme) high tech spacecraft.It's packed with advanced instruments and the fact __37__ it's basically a floating science lab tells you all you need __38__ (know) about how important it is to NASA, the European Space Agency, and Russia's Roscosmos.But, like any machine, it needs some love every now and then, and a couple of __39__ (spacewalk) will provide the ISS __40__ some much needed upgrades.
According to __41__ schedule provided by NASA, the first took place on June 26th and the other __42__ (happen) on July 1st.During both spacewalks, astronauts were tasked with __43__ (change) old and outdated batteries to new, higher capacity batteries.
The ISS uses a great amount of power, and it has a solar power array (太阳能阵列) to provide that power.However, because the space station completes over ten trips around the Earth every single day, the spacecraft is often covered by the shadow __44__ (produce) by our planet.During those dark moments, the space station maintains its power supply by using juice __45__ is saved in its batteries.The old, outdated batteries are in need of replacement, and work on the project began three years ago.
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校将以四月十二日世界航天日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．太空探索的重要性； 2.你的期待。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
April 12 was officially named by the UN in 2011 as World Space Day.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Right Thing
My mother worked as a housekeeper and she was often given used toys as well as many other goodies by her clients.My elder sister and I always loved sharing the recycled books and board games brought home by my beloved mom, which we considered great gifts life presented us.
The long awaited Christmas finally approached.One December day, an old model toy car arrived in the load of goods.It was as long as my forearm and took both hands to lift.My sister didn't want it, so it was all mine.I immediately set down to wiping it clean and polishing it to a bright candy apple red.It turned to be a thing of beauty, and I became overjoyed at possessing it.My elder sister was amazed at the newly polished, refreshing toy car, with a hint of regret and envy in her eyes.
As was planned, our relatives from France came to visit us that Christmas.It was a time when the family bond got strengthened.I shared the prized toy car with Alex, my young French cousin.Eyes glued to it, he fell in love with the wonderful, shiny red automobile the instant he saw it.It was a rare moment to see him feeling so relieved and happy.He'd been unlucky so far in life, suffering severe life threatening illnesses as a child, leaving him mentally and physically stuck and the family starved of cash.Of course, such lovely toys like my dear model car were unreachable dreams for him.
Seeing Alex's consuming thrill brought by the red car, I was seized by immense joy as well.But contrary to Alex's excitement, a voice inside me constantly reminded, “Watch out! He'd keep it for himself.”， which got me faintly worried.I followed my cousin for fear of something.
My mother also noticed Alex's fondness for the car.Approaching me, she asked gently in a low voice, “Would you like to give it to Alex？”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。
Giving or keeping I struggled with myself.
In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex.
UNIT 4 单元仿真验收性评价
第一部分
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本用来庆祝登月纪念日的图书。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据“Moonbound, $35”中的“Much of the astronauts' dialog ...particularly reliable.”可知，是一些真实的纪录使“Moonbound”的内容更可靠，故选D。
2．选C 细节理解题。根据“The Apollo Missions, $19.99”中的“A former NASA engineer ...race and the Apollo program”可知，你要想了解太空竞赛的历史，可以读“The Apollo Missions”这本书，故选C。
3．选B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及下文四本书的介绍可知，本文是写给天文爱好者的，故选B。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的。这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能。
4．选B 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes that plants ...enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义。故选B。
5．选B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code(基因序列)has already been fully mapped.”可知，研究人员在实验中使用拟南芥是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。故选B。
6．选C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.”可知，研究人员发现生长在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。故选C。
7．选C 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Now, scientists have taken ‘one small step’ towards growing ...a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil.”可知，文章主要介绍了在月球土壤中种植植物的研究。所以“Growing Plants in the Lunar Soil(在月球土壤中种植植物)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以超新星的诞生和火山爆发为例介绍了宇宙中不平衡的现象，这些爆炸不仅是令人敬畏的景象，也是宇宙进化的重要参与者，是生命所必需的。
8．选A 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“One of the stars is older, called a ‘white dwarf’．..younger star and dumps it onto the surface of the white dwarf.”可知，稍年轻一些的恒星上的物质会因为相互引力作用而被倾倒在白矮星的表面上，再结合画线词所在句“If the donor star is dumping too much material onto the dwarf”可知，此处的the donor star“供体恒星”指的是上文提到的稍年轻一些的恒星。故选A。
9．选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“So much energy is released so quickly ...unbalanced pressure, BOOM! A supernova is born.”和第三段中“The heat from the magma builds up a massive pressure ...a zillion tons of rocks away and sends ash 15 miles into the sky.”可知，压力不平衡导致了超新星的诞生和火山的爆发。故选C。
10．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，宇宙中的爆炸是宇宙进化的重要参与者，超新星为人体创造了许多生命所必需的元素，火山爆发促进了地球上温室气体的循环。由此可知，这些爆炸是生命所必需的，故选D。
11．选B 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“As much as we like to think about nature embodying balance, the universe is actually filled with imbalance, too.”可知，文章主要以超新星的诞生和火山爆发为例介绍了宇宙中不平衡的现象，这些爆炸不仅是令人敬畏的景象，也是宇宙进化的重要参与者，是生命所必需的。因此，文章属于科学范畴，可能出自网站的科学部分，故选B。
[D]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。
12．选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。
13．选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The contrast in the reflectivity ... Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A。
14．选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earth based telescopes can recognize ... winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。
15．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些太空中有趣的事。
16．选A 根据上文可知，文章要介绍一些关于太空的事情，一定会让读者感兴趣。A项(我们很肯定它们会让你感兴趣！)符合语境。
17．选D 根据上文可知，本段在对奥林匹斯山的具体情况进行介绍，D项中的“it”指代上文的“the Olympus Mons”。D项(它不仅高，而且有11.4万平方米。)符合语境。
18．选C 根据上文可知，太阳的重量大约是地球的33万倍，空处承接上文，继续描述太阳的大小，C项中的“it”指代上文中的“The sun”。C项(它是如此之大，以至于它可以容纳大约130万个地球！)符合语境。
19．选G 根据上文可知，本段主要讨论月球上是否有风，G项中的“wind”和上文对应。G项(如果没有风把它们吹走，那为什么旗帜在飘扬？)符合语境。
20．选F 根据下文可知，这是由于太空中缺乏重力导致椎骨略微扩张，空处和下文形成因果关系，说明宇航员在太空中可以长高。F项 (宇航员在太空中可以长高2英寸。)符合语境。
第二部分
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。
21．选B 根据后文“Howard Astronomical League”可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。
22．选B 根据上文“Howard Astronomical League”可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。
23．选B 根据后文“star parties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools”也是提示。故选B。
24．选C 根据后文“of creating a new generation of sky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。
25．选A 根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。
26．选B 根据后文“now it is ‘kind of graying’”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。
27．选C 根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。
28．选D 根据上文“now it is ‘kind of graying’”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。
29．选C 根据上文“kids today would rather look at stuff on computers”可知，如今的孩子更喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。
30．选A 根据上文“people think the telescopes are hard to”可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
31．选B 根据上文“considering Earth's tiny place in the”可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。
32．选C 根据上文“a new generation of”可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。
33．选C 根据后文“the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。
34．选B 根据后文“located near Interstate 70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。
35．选C 根据上文“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际空间站的作用及重要性。
36．extremely 考查副词。空处修饰形容词high tech，应用副词形式，故填extremely。
37．that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个同位语从句，对fact的内容解释说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故填that。
38．to know 考查非谓语动词。need在肯定句中常用作实义动词，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，是固定搭配，故填to know。
39．spacewalks 考查名词复数。spacewalk是可数名词，根据a couple of可知，此处应用复数形式，故填spacewalks。
40．with 考查介词。provide sb.with sth.“为某人提供某物”，是固定搭配，故填with。
41．the 考查冠词。此处特指“NASA提供的时间表”，故填the。
42．happened 考查动词的时态。此处是and连接的两个简单句，前一个分句使用的是一般过去时，再结合“on July 1st”可知，此处也用一般过去时，故填happened。
43．changing 考查非谓语动词。此处作介词with的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填changing。
44．produced 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语形式，动词produce和逻辑主语the shadow之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填produced。
45．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是juice，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用that或which引导，故填that/which。
第三部分
第一节 参考范文：
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
April 12 was officially named by the UN in 2011 as World Space Day.We observe this day to inspire more people to learn scientific knowledge and generate innovative ideas about space.
The space exploration is essential for us.It has made a difference in fighting world hunger.The satellite data on weather patterns has helped farmers grow more food.Besides, many space experiments have promoted incredible products like organ monitors and digital cameras for us and we will learn how to live in a different environment.
Our progress in space exploration gives me hope and inspires me to make contributions to it.I dream of people living in the space one day and building a shared community there.
第二节 参考范文：
Giving or keeping I struggled with myself.Giving it Hardly could I imagine life without the model car! After all, it was my most precious treasure, which I had been proud of.My heart kept aching at the prospect of giving it away.Nope! I shook my head determinedly.Glancing at my mother's expectant eyes, I couldn't help sobbing.Keeping it Definitely, it would otherwise upset Alex.Torn between the two tough choices, I was totally at a loss.Nevertheless, deep down, I could feel my affection to Alex.Yep! I resolved to do the right thing.
In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex.Though I was crushed to see it go, my heart sang when I saw his beaming face as he tightly clutched it.Seeing the thumbs up from my mother and sister, I did swell with relief, pride and joy, for I knew it was not a gift; to some extent, it was our concern and love for him.Plus, sharing the model car also strengthened our bond, which, I was fully convinced, would always uplift him.An effort made for the happiness of others lifted us above ourselves as well.
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(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Celebrate the moon landing anniversary with books
Astronomy lovers are not the only ones excited about the anniversary of the moon landing.Publishers are also taking note, serving up a pile of books to mark the occasion.
One Giant Leap, D|S29.99 Charles Fishman
Getting to the moon demanded a million hours of work for each hour spent in space, this book argues.Accordingly, the story focuses on the engineers, coders, project managers and others who worked hard to get the Apollo program off the ground.
Moonbound, D|S35 Jonathan Fetter Vorm
Colorful and detailed, the comic style illustrations (连环画风格的插图) in this book bring the moon landing to life.Much of the astronauts' dialog is based on real recordings, making the book particularly reliable.
The Apollo Missions, $19.99 David Baker
A former NASA engineer uses photographs, illustrations, blueprints and other documents to guide readers through a clear history of the space race and the Apollo program, from the beginnings of rocket science to the successful return home of the Apollo 11 crew.
The Mission of a Lifetime, $22 Basil Hero
The Apollo astronauts rarely gave personal interviews.But now that they're getting older, the astronauts are starting to get introspective (内省的)．This book deals with conversations with the 12 astronauts who have general wisdom on overcoming fear and appreciating life.
1．What makes the content of Moonbound reliable
A．The authors' fame. B．The personal interviews.
C．The colorful illustrations. D．The related real recordings.
2．Which of the following should you read if you want to learn about the history of the space race
A．One Giant Leap. B．Moonbound.
C．The Apollo Missions. D．The Mission of a Lifetime.
3．Who is the text intended for
A．Big publishers. B．Astronomy lovers.
C．Leading scientists. D．Inexperienced astronauts.
B
For any spaceman hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be important.Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it's possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil.
The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions (任务), and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.“For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that's already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So, what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned.
To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil, add water, nutrients and light, and see what happened.The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code (基因序列) has already been fully mapped.For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that are similar to the Martian soil.To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.
Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself, according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very, very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow up studies.
4．What's the second paragraph mainly about
A．The plants grown in the lunar soil.
B．The significance of the findings.
C．The missions of future space exploration.
D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement.
5．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment
A．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil.
B．People have a good knowledge of its genes.
C．It has been tested with the lunar soil before.
D．It has a long evolutionary history.
6．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil
A．They absorbed few minerals.
B．They grew slowly in the dark.
C．They didn't grow well enough.
D．They needed more water to grow bigger.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Preparing for Farming on the Moon
B．Conducting a Study on the Lunar Soil
C．Growing Plants in the Lunar Soil
D．Making the Lunar Soil Friendlier to Plants
C
As much as we like to think about nature embodying balance, the universe is actually filled with imbalance, too.Let's take the supernova (超新星) for example.Two stars orbit each other.One of the stars is older, called a “white dwarf”， while the other star is a bit younger.Their mutual gravitational interaction (引力相互作用) pulls material off the younger star and dumps it onto the surface of the white dwarf.If enough material falls onto the dwarf, the stuff dumped onto the white dwarf begins to “burn”．
If the conditions are right, you always burn up the same amount of material that gets added.If the_donor_star is dumping too much material onto the dwarf, the burning runs out of control.It consumes not just the new material on the white dwarf's surface but the whole of the dwarf star itself.So much energy is released so quickly that the star finds itself wildly out of balance.In an instant, it becomes a super hot ball of unbalanced pressure, BOOM! A supernova is born.
Closer to home, a similar but different kind of process happens in volcanoes.Volcanoes are born when magma (熔岩) from deep in the Earth makes its way slowly to the surface through cracks in the planet's crust (地壳)．The heat from the magma builds up a massive pressure imbalance inside the mountain.It's that imbalance that drives the BOOM, the volcanic eruption that rips a zillion tons of rocks away and sends ash 15 miles into the sky.
But here's the thing: Supernova, volcanoes and all those other explosions in the universe are not just awesome sights.They are all essential players in cosmic (宇宙的) evolution.Supernovas create a lot of the elements in your body that are essential to life.No supernova, no you.And volcanoes are essential to evolution of the planet, including the cycling of greenhouse gases like CO2 that make Earth habitable.No volcanoes, no you.
8．What does the underlined phrase “the donor star” refer to in paragraph 2
A．The younger star. B．The older star.
C．The supernova. D．The white dwarf.
9．What factor leads to both the birth of supernova and volcanic eruption
A．Hot magma. B．Burning material.
C．Unbalanced pressure. D．Gravitational interaction.
10．What can we learn about the explosions in the universe in the last paragraph
A．They evolve as players. B．They create human bodies.
C．They are awesome sights. D．They are necessary to life.
11．In which section of a website can you find this text
A．Profile. B．Science.
C．Health. D．Economy.
D
The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains：the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.
One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have round edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl shaped insides, and depths that are about one sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
12．What does the text mainly discuss
A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.
C．The origin of the moon's craters.
D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.
13．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned
A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.
B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.
C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.
D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.
14．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in paragraph 3 as an example of ________.
A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
B．a characteristic of large craters
C．a discovery made through the use of Earth based telescopes
D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the Earth and the moon
15．The last paragraph probably continues with ______.
A．some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasons craters are difficult to study
D．the description of some features of large craters
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interesting Space Facts
As time goes by, technological advancements have made us learn more facts about space in the past century than in all time before that.We've already searched the universe for the most amazing space facts, including facts about the planets in our solar system, moons, the Milky Way and beyond! __16__
The highest mountain discovered is the Olympus Mons, which is located on Mars.It is 16 miles high, making it nearly 3 times higher than Mount Everest. __17__ That's the size of Arizona!
The sun weighs about 330,000 times more than Earth. __18__ In fact, the sun is so huge that it contains 99.85% of all mass in our solar system.
Footprints left on the moon won't disappear as there is no wind.But wait a minute.__19__ Well, it actually wasn't blowing.That blowing you see is because of a telescopic horizontal rod (望远镜水平杆) that the astronauts were struggling to remove from the flag's top.
__20__ This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae (椎骨) to expand a little.However, this extra height is lost when they re enter the Earth's atmosphere and are affected by the Earth's gravity again.
A．We're pretty sure they will make you interested!
B．New discoveries will no longer be made in the future.
C．It is so large that it can contain about 1,300,000 Earths!
D．Not only is it tall, but it's 114,000 square meters as well.
E．All these space facts may not be true at the time of writing.
F．Astronauts can grow about two inches in height when in space.
G．If there's no wind to blow them away, then why is the flag blowing
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A 54 year old dentist, Goodman purchased his first __21__ in 1990 and joined the Howard Astronomical League (HAL) in 2000.“There aren't too many big astronomy __22__，” said Marc Feuerberg, who is President of HAL. “If you are into astronomy at all, you kind of end up here.”
HAL which has about 120 members __23__ “star parties” several times a month.The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools, with the __24__ of creating a new generation of sky __25__.
Astronomy in general is sort of like ham radio.It was __26__ just after World War Ⅱ，__27__ now it is “kind of graying”， said Chas Rimpo, the club's events organizer.
Members offer several reasons for the __28__： kids today would rather look at stuff on computers than __29__； people think the telescopes are hard to __30__.
But they say there's nothing like being outdoors, looking at the sky and considering Earth's tiny place in the __31__.
HAL members are doing what they can to make an impression on a new generation of __32__ astronomy lovers.Plans are under way to __33__ the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimpo.
Alpha Ridge Park was chosen as the site because it is __34__ located near Interstate 70, but mostly because it has little light pollution, said Goodman.
“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place，” Goodman said, “but once it is __35__， it will be run by HAL members and be open to the public.And it will give HAL a place of its own.”
21．A.radio B．telescope
C．machine D．computer
22．A.schools B．clubs
C．companies D．centers
23．A.takes B．holds
C．builds D．opens
24．A.opinion B．suggestion
C．goal D．agreement
25．A.watchers B．astronauts
C．visitors D．astronomers
26．A.successful B．popular
C．important D．secure
27．A.and B．so
C．but D．though
28．A.shortcomings B．disadvantages
C．failure D．decline
29．A.watch out B．go away
C．go out D．give away
30．A.operate B．purchase
C．adjust D．calculate
31．A.sky B．universe
C．earth D．world
32．A.skillful B．excellent
C．potential D．patient
33．A.pick B．insert
C．fit D．place
34．A.totally B．conveniently
C．partly D．conventionally
35．A.chosen B．designed
C．completed D．found
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The International Space Station (ISS) is an __36__ (extreme) high tech spacecraft.It's packed with advanced instruments and the fact __37__ it's basically a floating science lab tells you all you need __38__ (know) about how important it is to NASA, the European Space Agency, and Russia's Roscosmos.But, like any machine, it needs some love every now and then, and a couple of __39__ (spacewalk) will provide the ISS __40__ some much needed upgrades.
According to __41__ schedule provided by NASA, the first took place on June 26th and the other __42__ (happen) on July 1st.During both spacewalks, astronauts were tasked with __43__ (change) old and outdated batteries to new, higher capacity batteries.
The ISS uses a great amount of power, and it has a solar power array (太阳能阵列) to provide that power.However, because the space station completes over ten trips around the Earth every single day, the spacecraft is often covered by the shadow __44__ (produce) by our planet.During those dark moments, the space station maintains its power supply by using juice __45__ is saved in its batteries.The old, outdated batteries are in need of replacement, and work on the project began three years ago.
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校将以四月十二日世界航天日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．太空探索的重要性； 2.你的期待。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
April 12 was officially named by the UN in 2011 as World Space Day.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Right Thing
My mother worked as a housekeeper and she was often given used toys as well as many other goodies by her clients.My elder sister and I always loved sharing the recycled books and board games brought home by my beloved mom, which we considered great gifts life presented us.
The long awaited Christmas finally approached.One December day, an old model toy car arrived in the load of goods.It was as long as my forearm and took both hands to lift.My sister didn't want it, so it was all mine.I immediately set down to wiping it clean and polishing it to a bright candy apple red.It turned to be a thing of beauty, and I became overjoyed at possessing it.My elder sister was amazed at the newly polished, refreshing toy car, with a hint of regret and envy in her eyes.
As was planned, our relatives from France came to visit us that Christmas.It was a time when the family bond got strengthened.I shared the prized toy car with Alex, my young French cousin.Eyes glued to it, he fell in love with the wonderful, shiny red automobile the instant he saw it.It was a rare moment to see him feeling so relieved and happy.He'd been unlucky so far in life, suffering severe life threatening illnesses as a child, leaving him mentally and physically stuck and the family starved of cash.Of course, such lovely toys like my dear model car were unreachable dreams for him.
Seeing Alex's consuming thrill brought by the red car, I was seized by immense joy as well.But contrary to Alex's excitement, a voice inside me constantly reminded, “Watch out! He'd keep it for himself.”， which got me faintly worried.I followed my cousin for fear of something.
My mother also noticed Alex's fondness for the car.Approaching me, she asked gently in a low voice, “Would you like to give it to Alex？”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。
Giving or keeping I struggled with myself.
In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex.
UNIT 4 单元仿真验收性评价
第一部分
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本用来庆祝登月纪念日的图书。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据“Moonbound, $35”中的“Much of the astronauts' dialog ...particularly reliable.”可知，是一些真实的纪录使“Moonbound”的内容更可靠，故选D。
2．选C 细节理解题。根据“The Apollo Missions, $19.99”中的“A former NASA engineer ...race and the Apollo program”可知，你要想了解太空竞赛的历史，可以读“The Apollo Missions”这本书，故选C。
3．选B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及下文四本书的介绍可知，本文是写给天文爱好者的，故选B。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的。这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能。
4．选B 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes that plants ...enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义。故选B。
5．选B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code(基因序列)has already been fully mapped.”可知，研究人员在实验中使用拟南芥是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。故选B。
6．选C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.”可知，研究人员发现生长在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。故选C。
7．选C 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Now, scientists have taken ‘one small step’ towards growing ...a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil.”可知，文章主要介绍了在月球土壤中种植植物的研究。所以“Growing Plants in the Lunar Soil(在月球土壤中种植植物)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以超新星的诞生和火山爆发为例介绍了宇宙中不平衡的现象，这些爆炸不仅是令人敬畏的景象，也是宇宙进化的重要参与者，是生命所必需的。
8．选A 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“One of the stars is older, called a ‘white dwarf’．..younger star and dumps it onto the surface of the white dwarf.”可知，稍年轻一些的恒星上的物质会因为相互引力作用而被倾倒在白矮星的表面上，再结合画线词所在句“If the donor star is dumping too much material onto the dwarf”可知，此处的the donor star“供体恒星”指的是上文提到的稍年轻一些的恒星。故选A。
9．选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“So much energy is released so quickly ...unbalanced pressure, BOOM! A supernova is born.”和第三段中“The heat from the magma builds up a massive pressure ...a zillion tons of rocks away and sends ash 15 miles into the sky.”可知，压力不平衡导致了超新星的诞生和火山的爆发。故选C。
10．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，宇宙中的爆炸是宇宙进化的重要参与者，超新星为人体创造了许多生命所必需的元素，火山爆发促进了地球上温室气体的循环。由此可知，这些爆炸是生命所必需的，故选D。
11．选B 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“As much as we like to think about nature embodying balance, the universe is actually filled with imbalance, too.”可知，文章主要以超新星的诞生和火山爆发为例介绍了宇宙中不平衡的现象，这些爆炸不仅是令人敬畏的景象，也是宇宙进化的重要参与者，是生命所必需的。因此，文章属于科学范畴，可能出自网站的科学部分，故选B。
[D]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。
12．选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。
13．选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The contrast in the reflectivity ... Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A。
14．选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earth based telescopes can recognize ... winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。
15．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些太空中有趣的事。
16．选A 根据上文可知，文章要介绍一些关于太空的事情，一定会让读者感兴趣。A项(我们很肯定它们会让你感兴趣！)符合语境。
17．选D 根据上文可知，本段在对奥林匹斯山的具体情况进行介绍，D项中的“it”指代上文的“the Olympus Mons”。D项(它不仅高，而且有11.4万平方米。)符合语境。
18．选C 根据上文可知，太阳的重量大约是地球的33万倍，空处承接上文，继续描述太阳的大小，C项中的“it”指代上文中的“The sun”。C项(它是如此之大，以至于它可以容纳大约130万个地球！)符合语境。
19．选G 根据上文可知，本段主要讨论月球上是否有风，G项中的“wind”和上文对应。G项(如果没有风把它们吹走，那为什么旗帜在飘扬？)符合语境。
20．选F 根据下文可知，这是由于太空中缺乏重力导致椎骨略微扩张，空处和下文形成因果关系，说明宇航员在太空中可以长高。F项 (宇航员在太空中可以长高2英寸。)符合语境。
第二部分
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。
21．选B 根据后文“Howard Astronomical League”可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。
22．选B 根据上文“Howard Astronomical League”可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。
23．选B 根据后文“star parties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools”也是提示。故选B。
24．选C 根据后文“of creating a new generation of sky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。
25．选A 根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。
26．选B 根据后文“now it is ‘kind of graying’”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。
27．选C 根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。
28．选D 根据上文“now it is ‘kind of graying’”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。
29．选C 根据上文“kids today would rather look at stuff on computers”可知，如今的孩子更喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。
30．选A 根据上文“people think the telescopes are hard to”可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
31．选B 根据上文“considering Earth's tiny place in the”可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。
32．选C 根据上文“a new generation of”可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。
33．选C 根据后文“the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。
34．选B 根据后文“located near Interstate 70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。
35．选C 根据上文“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际空间站的作用及重要性。
36．extremely 考查副词。空处修饰形容词high tech，应用副词形式，故填extremely。
37．that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个同位语从句，对fact的内容解释说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故填that。
38．to know 考查非谓语动词。need在肯定句中常用作实义动词，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，是固定搭配，故填to know。
39．spacewalks 考查名词复数。spacewalk是可数名词，根据a couple of可知，此处应用复数形式，故填spacewalks。
40．with 考查介词。provide sb.with sth.“为某人提供某物”，是固定搭配，故填with。
41．the 考查冠词。此处特指“NASA提供的时间表”，故填the。
42．happened 考查动词的时态。此处是and连接的两个简单句，前一个分句使用的是一般过去时，再结合“on July 1st”可知，此处也用一般过去时，故填happened。
43．changing 考查非谓语动词。此处作介词with的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填changing。
44．produced 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语形式，动词produce和逻辑主语the shadow之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填produced。
45．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是juice，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用that或which引导，故填that/which。
第三部分
第一节 参考范文：
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
April 12 was officially named by the UN in 2011 as World Space Day.We observe this day to inspire more people to learn scientific knowledge and generate innovative ideas about space.
The space exploration is essential for us.It has made a difference in fighting world hunger.The satellite data on weather patterns has helped farmers grow more food.Besides, many space experiments have promoted incredible products like organ monitors and digital cameras for us and we will learn how to live in a different environment.
Our progress in space exploration gives me hope and inspires me to make contributions to it.I dream of people living in the space one day and building a shared community there.
第二节 参考范文：
Giving or keeping I struggled with myself.Giving it Hardly could I imagine life without the model car! After all, it was my most precious treasure, which I had been proud of.My heart kept aching at the prospect of giving it away.Nope! I shook my head determinedly.Glancing at my mother's expectant eyes, I couldn't help sobbing.Keeping it Definitely, it would otherwise upset Alex.Torn between the two tough choices, I was totally at a loss.Nevertheless, deep down, I could feel my affection to Alex.Yep! I resolved to do the right thing.
In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex.Though I was crushed to see it go, my heart sang when I saw his beaming face as he tightly clutched it.Seeing the thumbs up from my mother and sister, I did swell with relief, pride and joy, for I knew it was not a gift; to some extent, it was our concern and love for him.Plus, sharing the model car also strengthened our bond, which, I was fully convinced, would always uplift him.An effort made for the happiness of others lifted us above ourselves as well.
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