Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元仿真验收性评价（含解析）高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元仿真验收性评价（含解析）高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-08-10 13:00:02 | ||
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UNIT 1 单元仿真验收性评价
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)班级：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Last Friday, Britain's Prince William announced the winners of this year's Earthshot Prize.The prize is meant to encourage new ideas and rapid action to help protect the planet.Below are parts of this year's prize winning projects in each category.
Protect and Restore Nature
Kheyti won the prize for protecting and restoring nature with its “Greenhouse in a box” idea.Kheyti is already working with 1, 000 farmers across India, which is one of the most climate affected countries in the world.The company says the greenhouses allow farmers to use 90% less water and produce seven times as much food.Kheyti hopes to get its greenhouses to 50,000 farmers by 2027.
Clean Our Air
Charlot Magayi won the prize for cleaning the air.Ms Magayi developed a stove (炉子) that uses a fuel that's cheaper and pollutes far less than charcoal stoves.Currently, over 200,000 of her Clean Stoves are being used in Kenya.
Build a Waste Free World
A London based company called Notpla (for “Not Plastic”)won the prize for building a waste free world.They've created a plastic substitute (替代品) from plants found in the ocean.Unlike most plastic, their products break down naturally with no microplastics.Notpla believes their products can help end the plastic pollution that's filling landfills and polluting oceans.
Fix Our Climate
The Earthshot Prize for working toward fixing our climate went to a company called 44.01 from Oman.44.01 has come up with a way to turn polluting carbon dioxide(CO2)into a rock called peridotite.Once the CO2 has been turned into rock, it can no longer be released into the atmosphere again.The method that 44.01 uses is fast, cheap and permanent.
1．What is the aim of the Earthshot Prize
A．To offer practical advice on global warming.
B．To find solutions to the environmental problems.
C．To develop a strategic partnership with all parties.
D．To encourage literary creations of the British people.
2．Where are Kheyti's greenhouses widely used
A．In India. B．In Kenya.
C．In the UK. D．In Oman.
3．What do Charlot Magayi and 44.01 have in common
A．They want to build a waste free world.
B．Their projects are directly good for farmers.
C．Their achievements benefit the air cleaning.
D．They use plants from the ocean in their products.
B
Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived You may be wondering: but why is it important to teach kids about modern day scientists
First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he's a real guitar playing person. He makes singing videos on the Internet! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists' stories makes kids think “I can do that too！”
But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But today, he's made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it's no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again.
Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity (多样性). Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist.
It's important to know that scientists don't need to be “gifted” or “good” at school.
Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn't have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they're interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future.
Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation (基础) others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists' stories can encourage today's young scientists to keep trying. They'll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven't made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists.
4．What can Chris Hadfield's story tell students
A．Scientists are interested in different things.
B．Students should have a hobby of their own.
C．Scientists can be ordinary like people around us.
D．Students should consider scientists as their models.
5．Which of the following would the author agree with
A．African Americans are more likely to become scientists.
B．Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school.
C．Not all scientists really show interest in science.
D．Scientists are usually good at their schooling.
6．What does the last paragraph show us
A．Scientists should help each other.
B．A scientist should never give up trying.
C．Making discoveries is necessary for scientists.
D．New scientific discoveries may depend on others' findings.
7．What is the text mainly about
A．Why scientists are important to us.
B．Why scientists can encourage students.
C．Why students love stories of scientists.
D．Why students should be taught about scientists.
C
Does it ever seem like something is going on with our attention spans Gloria Mark, an attention researcher at the university of California, says there is scientific evidence that attention spans have shrunk considerably.“We started studying attention span length over 20 years ago，” Mark said.“In 2003, we found that attention spans averaged about two and a half minutes on any screen before people switched. In the past five, six years, they are averaging 47 seconds on the screen.”
Mark maintains that a shorter attention span has three downsides: The first is that people make more errors when they do attention shifting; the second downside is that it takes longer to do something, because we have to adjust to every new task every time we shift; the third downside — maybe this is the worst of all — is that stress increases.When people are working on multiple tasks and they have to shift their attention, their blood pressure rises.
You don't have to be a professor to guess at the cause of our great distract ability: It's technology, of course — phones, social media and texting.It might be hard to think of the last time you even had a tech free hour.So she offered a couple of tips for staying focused: First, when you feel the itch to change tasks, analyze why.If it's just boredom or procrastination (拖延症), make a deal with yourself to work another 20 minutes, and then treat yourself to a reward.
Second, picture yourself at the end of the day.What do you want to have accomplished What do you want to feel “A concrete visualization of yourself sitting on the couch, you know, watching your favourite show is really good motivation，” she said.
The Internet has this incredible resource available to us, so rather than be upset by it because it distracts us, how can we turn that around and instead find value from it And how can we utilize our time best when we use the resources from the Internet without getting exhausted from it These questions are what Gloria Mark will focus on in her subsequent research.
8．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Negative effects of short attention spans.
B．Benefits of long attention spans.
C．Causes of short attention spans.
D．Ways to deal with short attention spans.
9．What does the underlined word “itch” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Necessity. B．Courage.
C．Desire. D．Choice.
10．Which of the following may Gloria Mark suggest
A．Imagining what you will accomplish at the end of the day is a waste of time.
B．Multitasking is a good way to extend our attention span.
C．It is necessary to think twice before shifting your tasks.
D．We'd better say no to the Internet sometimes as it distracts us.
11．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Are Our Attention Spans Getting Shorter
B．How Do We Live with the Internet
C．Is Multitasking Possible
D．What Can We Do to Make Our Attention Spans Longer
D
We live in an age when all scientific knowledge — from the safety of vaccines (疫苗) to the reality of climate change — faces organized and often angry opposition.Doubters have declared war on the consensus (共识) of experts.It seems that people have turned argumentative overnight.
In a sense, all this is not surprising.Our lives are affected by science and technology as never before.The world seems full of real and imaginary dangers.Though scientists agree that the Ebola virus is spread only by direct contact with blood or body fluids (液体), if you type “airborne Ebola” into an Internet search engine, you'll find that some people believe that this virus has almost supernatural power.
In this often confusing world, we need to rely on science to decide whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not.But science doesn't come naturally to most of us.Science has often led us to truths that are really mind blowing.For example, although the roundness of the Earth has been known for thousands of years, some still feel it hard to accept.
Even when people become scientifically educated, most of them still try to make sense of the world by relying on personal experience, stories or emotions rather than statistics.When they hear a number of cancer cases in a town with a dangerous waste dump (垃圾场), they believe pollution caused the cancers.Yet two things happening together doesn't mean one caused the other.Even when they turn to the Internet, they let in only the information they agree with to strengthen their belief that has already been shaped by their worldview.
How can scientists convince doubters Throwing more facts to people may not be enough.More efforts are supposed to be made.
12．How does the author prove his opinions
A．Through comparison. B．Through quotation.
C．By giving examples. D．By making definitions.
13．What does the underlined word “mind blowing” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Unbelievable. B．Desirable.
C．Dangerous. D．Obvious.
14．How do “people” in paragraph 4 understand the world
A．They apply logical thinking.
B．They stick to their own belief.
C．They form the views on assumptions.
D．They rely on the information on the Internet.
15．What's the text mainly about
A．How people view the world.
B．What challenges science faces.
C．Whether science is worth respect.
D．Why people show disbelief in science.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Around 200 years ago, a well known English poet called John Keats attacked science.He said that British scientist Isaac Newton had “unweaved (拆解) the rainbow”．Newton explained how light forms a rainbow.For Keats, this explanation meant rainbows could no longer be beautiful.
__16__ We often hear people talk of problems with science, or say that it is boring.Some people, like Keats, also say that science takes away the beauty of the world.But is this fair
First of all, science helps us get things done.__17__ When you are studying science in school, remember that one day you might be using that knowledge to build a bridge, or save a life.Next time you use your phone to send a message, remember that this is possible thanks to science.When Keats criticized Newton, the very paper he wrote on was created through science.Beyond helping society and getting things done, science also makes us think in a certain way.__18__ It teaches us never to trust our assumptions.It teaches us that sometimes, the truth is stranger than fiction.
When you study science, remember what it means.__19__ Humans once looked up at rainbows, and said that they were beautiful.Science explained them, and they were no longer mysterious to us.__20__ Through science, we can find new rainbows: mysteries that lie beyond the stars themselves.
A．But discovery never stops.
B．This is just one example of many.
C．It is a constant search for truth and knowledge.
D．It asks us to believe things only through evidence.
E．Science is not so closely associated with our lives.
F．It helps us understand the world in which we live and how it works.
G．See science as a tool to discover how living things interact and evolve on Earth.
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Stephen Glenn is a famous research scientist who has made several very important medical __21__.When asked why he was able to be so much more __22__ than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) __23__ with his mother that occurred when he was a child.
Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled (泼出) it all over the kitchen floor.Instead of __24__ at him, giving him a lecture or chastising (指责) him, his mother said, “What a great and wonderful __25__ you've made! Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes __26__ we clean it up？”
Indeed, he did.Then, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, __27__ you have to clean it up.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk.His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a __28__ experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands.Let's see if you can discover a way to carry it without __29__ it.”The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could __30__ without dropping it.What a good __31__ to him!
This famous scientist said it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make __32__.Instead, he learned that mistakes were just __33__ for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific __34__ are all about.Even if the experiment doesn't work, we usually learn something __35__ from it.
21．A.impressions B．breakthroughs
C．promises D．intentions
22．A.outgoing B．responsible
C．warm hearted D．creative
23．A.experience B．word
C．argument D．adventure
24．A.looking B．yelling
C．smiling D．glancing
25．A.discovery B．mess
C．change D．joke
26．A.when B．as
C．after D．before
27．A.gradually B．initially
C．eventually D．constantly
28．A.successful B．failed
C．completed D．useless
29．A.shaking B．dropping
C．lifting D．touching
30．A.make up B．make off
C．make it D．make sense
31．A.attitude B．apology
C．project D．lesson
32．A.efforts B．plans
C．mistakes D．decisions
33．A.requirements B．routines
C．chances D．goals
34．A.achievements B．approaches
C．seminars D．experiments
35．A.valuable B．ambiguous
C．familiar D．abstract
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison, __36__ invented the light bulb, always believed __37__ (fail) and false starts were the condition of success.In fact, __38__ surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post it notes, packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.__39__ 2600 BC, a tired Egyptian slave invented __40__ is now called bread when the dough (面团) rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a cook in the US when a customer suggested his fried potatoes be __41__ (thin) than they were.
In 1968, Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong glue when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague, Art Fry, decided to use it six years later, in 1974, to have his bookmarks __42__ (hold) in his books and the post it note was invented.
Successful business people have often made big, expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000, Thomas Watson, the chairman, __43__ (ask) if he would fire the man.“No，” he replied.“I have just spent $600,000 __44__ (train) him.I won't let another company benefit from the experience.”
The important thing to remember is that you need to learn from your mistakes.__45__ you don't, then there is no point making them.
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
我校近期将举办一场以科学精神(scientific spirit)为主题的演讲比赛， 请你写一篇参赛发言稿。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Emily is a sixth grade student in a small town.She is a curious and adventurous girl who always dreams of exploring new places.Last summer, her dream came true when she got selected for a student exchange program to visit China.
Emily was super excited, but she knew that going to a different country with a brand new culture might not be easy.When she arrived in China, she had an open heart and lots of hope, but the cultural differences, the language barrier, and the unfamiliar surroundings made her feel a bit overwhelmed.
On her first day at a Chinese school, she felt like she was in a completely different world.The students spoke a language she couldn't understand, and the way things worked in the classroom was very different from back home.During lunchtime, poor Emily sat all by herself in a corner of the cafeteria, feeling lost and lonely.Just then, a friendly Chinese girl came up to her with a warm smile and said, “Hello, my name is Li Shanshan.I noticed you're new here.Would you like to be our friend？”
Emily was so relieved and thankful for the friendly offer.“Thank you，” she replied with a big smile.“I'm Emily, and I'm really happy to meet you.”
Shanshan introduced Emily to her group of friends, and they all welcomed her with open arms.They helped Emily with her Chinese language, taught her about Chinese customs, and shared their favorite Chinese foods.Slowly but surely, Emily started to feel more comfortable and understand the Chinese culture better.
One day, as the English teacher was planning her class schedule, she came up with an idea.She decided to assign each student in the class to do a presentation about their hometowns the next week.She believed this could be a great way for the students to learn about different cultures and improve their public speaking skills.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。
Emily was glad to do this but she didn't know how to prepare.
The day finally came and it was Emily's turn to make the presentation.
UNIT 1 单元仿真验收性评价
第一部分
第一节
语篇解读：本文为一篇应用文。英国威廉王子宣布了今年“为地球奋斗奖”的获奖者。本文主要介绍了今年各类别获奖项目的部分内容。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段“The prize is meant ...planet.”以及下文的各个小标题可知，“为地球奋斗奖”的目的是找到方法保护地球。故选B项。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据Protect and Restore Nature中的“Kheyti is already working ...the world.”可知，Kheyti的温室项目在印度各地都有进行。故选A项。
3．选C 细节理解题。根据Clean Our Air的内容和Fix Our Climate中的“The Earthshot ...peridotite.”可知，Charlot Magayi和44.01的共同之处是他们的成就都有利于空气净化，并因此而得奖。故选C项。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用科学家的故事来教育孩子所带来的积极影响。
4．选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His story can make kids think scientists are also common people.”可知，Chris Hadfield的故事告诉学生们科学家跟我们周围的人一样都是普通人。
5．选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段和倒数第二段中的“Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn't have to be true.”可推知，作者会同意：科学家不一定是在学校里很聪明的孩子。
6．选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid.”和下文内容可知，该段主要介绍新的科学发现可能是以别人的发现为基础的这一观点。
7．选D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了用科学家的故事来教育孩子所带来的积极影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有科学证据表明，注意力持续时间已经大幅缩短。文章说明了较短的注意力持续时间有三个缺点、注意力持续时间变短的原因以及我们如何应对的建议。
8．选A 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容，尤其第一句可知，本段主要介绍了注意力持续时间短的负面影响。故选A。
9．选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和后文“If it's just boredom ...reward.”可知，马克建议当你渴望改变任务的时候，要分析一下原因，来让自己保持专注。故画线词意思是“渴望”。故选C。
10．选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So she offered ...a reward.”可知，格洛丽亚·马克建议在改变你的任务之前，有必要三思而后行。故选C。
11．选D 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Does it ever seem ...considerably.”并结合文章内容可知，本文主要说明了有科学证据表明，注意力持续时间已经大幅缩短，并给出原因及应对建议。由此可知，D选项“我们能做些什么来延长注意力的持续时间？”最符合文章标题。故选D。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。现在，我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响，但是即便已经有科学证实的事实，有些人还是会依赖个人经验。科学家该如何说服怀疑者？摆出更多的事实恐怕还不够。
12．选C 写作手法题。通读第二段可知，该段通过举例说明埃博拉病毒的传播途径受到人们质疑，说明事实受到质疑；通读第四段可知，该段通过举例介绍小镇上有一些癌症病例时，人们会认为是垃圾场的污染导致了癌症，说明人们往往依赖个人经验或个人情感理解世界，而不是统计数据。由此可知，作者通过举例论证其观点。
13．选A 词义猜测题。根据第三段的尾句“For example, although ...it hard to accept.”可知，几千年来，尽管地球是圆的这一说法已经众所周知，但仍有人觉得难以接受。由此可知，科学发现的真理往往是让人难以置信的，故画线词的意思与A项最为接近。
14．选B 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句的内容可知，即使人们接受了科学教育，他们中的大多数人仍然试图依靠个人经验、故事或情感来理解世界，而不是统计数据。由此可以推知，他们坚持自己的看法。
15．选D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了有些人不相信科学的原因：虽然我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响，但某些人还会依赖个人经验等。
第二节
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学的重要性、必要性以及科学发现无止境。
16．选B 上一段中列举出了诗人攻击科学的例子。根据空后一句可知，人们觉得用科学解释美丽的事物很无聊。该空承上启下，B选项“这只是众多例子中的一个”切题，选项中“This”指代上文中英国著名诗人John Keats攻击科学的例子。
17．选F 根据上文“First of all, science helps us get things done.”可知，该空承接上文，具体说明科学如何帮助我们做事，F选项“它帮助我们理解我们生活的世界和它是如何运作的”切题，且与空后一句话题一致，都是在说明科学在生活中的实际应用。
18．选D 根据空前一句可知，这里指出了科学让我们思考。根据空后一句可知，这里具体说明科学如何让我们思考。D选项“它要求我们只能通过证据来相信事情”切题，也是在具体说明科学如何让我们思考，且与下文句式相同。
19．选C 根据上文“When you study science, remember what it means.”和下文“Humans once looked up at rainbows, and said that they were beautiful.Science explained them, and they were no longer mysterious to us.”可知，该空承上启下，解释科学的真谛。故C选项“它是对真理和知识的不断追求”切题。
20．选A 根据空后一句可知，通过不断地探索，会有更多新的科学发现，即发现无止境。故A选项“但是发现从未停止”切题。
第二部分
第一节
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位著名的科学家在小时候和妈妈的一次经历，正是妈妈的鼓励和引导，他才懂得了人生应该从错误中学习，不要害怕犯错误。
21．选B 根据上文“Stephen Glenn is a famous research scientist”可知，Stephen Glenn取得了几个非常重要的医学突破(breakthroughs)。
22．选D 根据上文“who has made several very important medical ________”可知，此处指他被问到为什么他能比一般人更有创造力(creative)。
23．选A 根据下文“that occurred when he was a child”可知，Stephen Glenn回应道他的创造力来自他小时候和妈妈的一次经历(experience)。
24．选B 根据下文“giving him a lecture or chastising (指责) him”可知，Stephen Glenn的妈妈并没有对他大声吼叫(yelling)或指责他。
25．选B 根据下文“whenever you make a mess like this”可知，妈妈告诉Stephen Glenn，说他制造了一个伟大而美妙的混乱(mess)。
26．选D 妈妈问在把牛奶清理干净之前(before)，Stephen Glenn是否愿意在牛奶里玩几分钟。
27．选C 妈妈告诉Stephen Glenn无论什么时候搞得像这样一团糟，最终(eventually)都必须清理干净。
28．选B 他们做了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大奶瓶的失败的(failed)实验。
29．选B 根据下文“he could ________ without dropping it”可知，他们在尝试找到一种能拿瓶子又不掉(dropping)的方法。
30．选C 根据上文“The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”可知，Stephen Glenn发现了成功做到(make it)的方法。
31．选D 这对他是多么好的一课(lesson)啊！
32．选C 根据下文“Instead, he learned that mistakes ...”可知，那时他知道了不必害怕犯错(mistakes)。
33．选C 相反，他意识到错误只是学习新东西的机会(chances)。
34．选D 根据下文“Even if the experiment doesn't work”可知，此处指科学实验(experiments)。
35．选A 根据上文“he learned that mistakes were just ________ for learning something new”可知，即使实验不成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的(valuable)东西。
第二节
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过一系列案例告诉我们：许多成功的事情都是从失败中孕育出来的。不要害怕失败，要从失败中学习。
36．who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Thomas Edison，且在从句中作主语。故填who。
37．failures 考查名词复数。空处与“false starts”并列作主语。故填failures。
38．a 考查冠词。句意：事实上，相当多的日常事务都是从错误及误解中孕育出来的。固定搭配a number of意为“很多”，且surprising的读音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
39．In 考查介词。表示“在哪一年”应用介词in。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填In。
40．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”。故填what。
41．thinner 考查形容词比较级。than为表示比较含义的连词，应用形容词的比较级。故填thinner。
42．held 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定结构have sth.done。故填held。
43．was asked 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，Thomas Watson与ask之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又因为事情发生在过去，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was asked。
44．training 考查非谓语动词。spend time/money doing sth.意为“花费时间/金钱做某事”。故填training。
45．If 考查连词。上文提到“重要的是，你要从错误中学习”，而下文则提到“没有从错误中学到东西，犯错就没有意义”，由此判断这是一个条件状语从句。故填If。
第三部分
第一节(参考范文)
A man of the soil
It's my great honour today to deliver a speech on scientific spirit.From my point of view, devotion and determination contribute the most to the achievement of a scientist.
Yuan Longping, a man of the soil, is the best example.As he once said, “My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the people away from hunger.” To realize this dream, he devoted all his life to the soil to boost yields in the field.Although no one thought it could be done, he never lost heart to tackle this challenge.Having overcome varieties of difficulties, he finally found the answer in hybrid rice.
Thanks to his scientific spirit, today not just China but many other countries have basically solved the hunger problem.
第二节(参考范文)
Emily was glad to do this but she didn't know how to prepare.Knowing that, Shanshan stepped in to help Emily with her presentation.With Shanshan's guidance, Emily decided to start by making a list of key points about her hometown, such as its location, population, and famous landmarks.She also wrote interesting facts and traditions that she thought would attract the classmates' attention.They practiced together, and Shanshan even taught her some key phrases in Chinese to make her presentation more appealing.As the days passed, Emily's confidence grew, and she became more comfortable speaking in front of an audience.
The day finally came and it was Emily's turn to make the presentation.She was feeling a mix of excitement and nervousness as she walked to the front of the classroom.She took a deep breath, looked at her classmates, and began her presentation.She spoke passionately about the beautiful landscapes, the friendly people and the unique cultural events.The students listened attentively and asked questions, showing their interest in her culture.Not only were they impressed by her presentation but also they were touched by the strong bond of friendship she had formed with Shanshan.Emily felt a sense of accomplishment, experiencing the warmth of friendship in a foreign land.
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)班级：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Last Friday, Britain's Prince William announced the winners of this year's Earthshot Prize.The prize is meant to encourage new ideas and rapid action to help protect the planet.Below are parts of this year's prize winning projects in each category.
Protect and Restore Nature
Kheyti won the prize for protecting and restoring nature with its “Greenhouse in a box” idea.Kheyti is already working with 1, 000 farmers across India, which is one of the most climate affected countries in the world.The company says the greenhouses allow farmers to use 90% less water and produce seven times as much food.Kheyti hopes to get its greenhouses to 50,000 farmers by 2027.
Clean Our Air
Charlot Magayi won the prize for cleaning the air.Ms Magayi developed a stove (炉子) that uses a fuel that's cheaper and pollutes far less than charcoal stoves.Currently, over 200,000 of her Clean Stoves are being used in Kenya.
Build a Waste Free World
A London based company called Notpla (for “Not Plastic”)won the prize for building a waste free world.They've created a plastic substitute (替代品) from plants found in the ocean.Unlike most plastic, their products break down naturally with no microplastics.Notpla believes their products can help end the plastic pollution that's filling landfills and polluting oceans.
Fix Our Climate
The Earthshot Prize for working toward fixing our climate went to a company called 44.01 from Oman.44.01 has come up with a way to turn polluting carbon dioxide(CO2)into a rock called peridotite.Once the CO2 has been turned into rock, it can no longer be released into the atmosphere again.The method that 44.01 uses is fast, cheap and permanent.
1．What is the aim of the Earthshot Prize
A．To offer practical advice on global warming.
B．To find solutions to the environmental problems.
C．To develop a strategic partnership with all parties.
D．To encourage literary creations of the British people.
2．Where are Kheyti's greenhouses widely used
A．In India. B．In Kenya.
C．In the UK. D．In Oman.
3．What do Charlot Magayi and 44.01 have in common
A．They want to build a waste free world.
B．Their projects are directly good for farmers.
C．Their achievements benefit the air cleaning.
D．They use plants from the ocean in their products.
B
Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived You may be wondering: but why is it important to teach kids about modern day scientists
First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he's a real guitar playing person. He makes singing videos on the Internet! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists' stories makes kids think “I can do that too！”
But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But today, he's made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it's no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again.
Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity (多样性). Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist.
It's important to know that scientists don't need to be “gifted” or “good” at school.
Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn't have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they're interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future.
Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation (基础) others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists' stories can encourage today's young scientists to keep trying. They'll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven't made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists.
4．What can Chris Hadfield's story tell students
A．Scientists are interested in different things.
B．Students should have a hobby of their own.
C．Scientists can be ordinary like people around us.
D．Students should consider scientists as their models.
5．Which of the following would the author agree with
A．African Americans are more likely to become scientists.
B．Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school.
C．Not all scientists really show interest in science.
D．Scientists are usually good at their schooling.
6．What does the last paragraph show us
A．Scientists should help each other.
B．A scientist should never give up trying.
C．Making discoveries is necessary for scientists.
D．New scientific discoveries may depend on others' findings.
7．What is the text mainly about
A．Why scientists are important to us.
B．Why scientists can encourage students.
C．Why students love stories of scientists.
D．Why students should be taught about scientists.
C
Does it ever seem like something is going on with our attention spans Gloria Mark, an attention researcher at the university of California, says there is scientific evidence that attention spans have shrunk considerably.“We started studying attention span length over 20 years ago，” Mark said.“In 2003, we found that attention spans averaged about two and a half minutes on any screen before people switched. In the past five, six years, they are averaging 47 seconds on the screen.”
Mark maintains that a shorter attention span has three downsides: The first is that people make more errors when they do attention shifting; the second downside is that it takes longer to do something, because we have to adjust to every new task every time we shift; the third downside — maybe this is the worst of all — is that stress increases.When people are working on multiple tasks and they have to shift their attention, their blood pressure rises.
You don't have to be a professor to guess at the cause of our great distract ability: It's technology, of course — phones, social media and texting.It might be hard to think of the last time you even had a tech free hour.So she offered a couple of tips for staying focused: First, when you feel the itch to change tasks, analyze why.If it's just boredom or procrastination (拖延症), make a deal with yourself to work another 20 minutes, and then treat yourself to a reward.
Second, picture yourself at the end of the day.What do you want to have accomplished What do you want to feel “A concrete visualization of yourself sitting on the couch, you know, watching your favourite show is really good motivation，” she said.
The Internet has this incredible resource available to us, so rather than be upset by it because it distracts us, how can we turn that around and instead find value from it And how can we utilize our time best when we use the resources from the Internet without getting exhausted from it These questions are what Gloria Mark will focus on in her subsequent research.
8．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Negative effects of short attention spans.
B．Benefits of long attention spans.
C．Causes of short attention spans.
D．Ways to deal with short attention spans.
9．What does the underlined word “itch” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Necessity. B．Courage.
C．Desire. D．Choice.
10．Which of the following may Gloria Mark suggest
A．Imagining what you will accomplish at the end of the day is a waste of time.
B．Multitasking is a good way to extend our attention span.
C．It is necessary to think twice before shifting your tasks.
D．We'd better say no to the Internet sometimes as it distracts us.
11．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Are Our Attention Spans Getting Shorter
B．How Do We Live with the Internet
C．Is Multitasking Possible
D．What Can We Do to Make Our Attention Spans Longer
D
We live in an age when all scientific knowledge — from the safety of vaccines (疫苗) to the reality of climate change — faces organized and often angry opposition.Doubters have declared war on the consensus (共识) of experts.It seems that people have turned argumentative overnight.
In a sense, all this is not surprising.Our lives are affected by science and technology as never before.The world seems full of real and imaginary dangers.Though scientists agree that the Ebola virus is spread only by direct contact with blood or body fluids (液体), if you type “airborne Ebola” into an Internet search engine, you'll find that some people believe that this virus has almost supernatural power.
In this often confusing world, we need to rely on science to decide whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not.But science doesn't come naturally to most of us.Science has often led us to truths that are really mind blowing.For example, although the roundness of the Earth has been known for thousands of years, some still feel it hard to accept.
Even when people become scientifically educated, most of them still try to make sense of the world by relying on personal experience, stories or emotions rather than statistics.When they hear a number of cancer cases in a town with a dangerous waste dump (垃圾场), they believe pollution caused the cancers.Yet two things happening together doesn't mean one caused the other.Even when they turn to the Internet, they let in only the information they agree with to strengthen their belief that has already been shaped by their worldview.
How can scientists convince doubters Throwing more facts to people may not be enough.More efforts are supposed to be made.
12．How does the author prove his opinions
A．Through comparison. B．Through quotation.
C．By giving examples. D．By making definitions.
13．What does the underlined word “mind blowing” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Unbelievable. B．Desirable.
C．Dangerous. D．Obvious.
14．How do “people” in paragraph 4 understand the world
A．They apply logical thinking.
B．They stick to their own belief.
C．They form the views on assumptions.
D．They rely on the information on the Internet.
15．What's the text mainly about
A．How people view the world.
B．What challenges science faces.
C．Whether science is worth respect.
D．Why people show disbelief in science.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Around 200 years ago, a well known English poet called John Keats attacked science.He said that British scientist Isaac Newton had “unweaved (拆解) the rainbow”．Newton explained how light forms a rainbow.For Keats, this explanation meant rainbows could no longer be beautiful.
__16__ We often hear people talk of problems with science, or say that it is boring.Some people, like Keats, also say that science takes away the beauty of the world.But is this fair
First of all, science helps us get things done.__17__ When you are studying science in school, remember that one day you might be using that knowledge to build a bridge, or save a life.Next time you use your phone to send a message, remember that this is possible thanks to science.When Keats criticized Newton, the very paper he wrote on was created through science.Beyond helping society and getting things done, science also makes us think in a certain way.__18__ It teaches us never to trust our assumptions.It teaches us that sometimes, the truth is stranger than fiction.
When you study science, remember what it means.__19__ Humans once looked up at rainbows, and said that they were beautiful.Science explained them, and they were no longer mysterious to us.__20__ Through science, we can find new rainbows: mysteries that lie beyond the stars themselves.
A．But discovery never stops.
B．This is just one example of many.
C．It is a constant search for truth and knowledge.
D．It asks us to believe things only through evidence.
E．Science is not so closely associated with our lives.
F．It helps us understand the world in which we live and how it works.
G．See science as a tool to discover how living things interact and evolve on Earth.
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Stephen Glenn is a famous research scientist who has made several very important medical __21__.When asked why he was able to be so much more __22__ than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) __23__ with his mother that occurred when he was a child.
Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled (泼出) it all over the kitchen floor.Instead of __24__ at him, giving him a lecture or chastising (指责) him, his mother said, “What a great and wonderful __25__ you've made! Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes __26__ we clean it up？”
Indeed, he did.Then, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, __27__ you have to clean it up.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk.His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a __28__ experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands.Let's see if you can discover a way to carry it without __29__ it.”The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could __30__ without dropping it.What a good __31__ to him!
This famous scientist said it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make __32__.Instead, he learned that mistakes were just __33__ for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific __34__ are all about.Even if the experiment doesn't work, we usually learn something __35__ from it.
21．A.impressions B．breakthroughs
C．promises D．intentions
22．A.outgoing B．responsible
C．warm hearted D．creative
23．A.experience B．word
C．argument D．adventure
24．A.looking B．yelling
C．smiling D．glancing
25．A.discovery B．mess
C．change D．joke
26．A.when B．as
C．after D．before
27．A.gradually B．initially
C．eventually D．constantly
28．A.successful B．failed
C．completed D．useless
29．A.shaking B．dropping
C．lifting D．touching
30．A.make up B．make off
C．make it D．make sense
31．A.attitude B．apology
C．project D．lesson
32．A.efforts B．plans
C．mistakes D．decisions
33．A.requirements B．routines
C．chances D．goals
34．A.achievements B．approaches
C．seminars D．experiments
35．A.valuable B．ambiguous
C．familiar D．abstract
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison, __36__ invented the light bulb, always believed __37__ (fail) and false starts were the condition of success.In fact, __38__ surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post it notes, packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.__39__ 2600 BC, a tired Egyptian slave invented __40__ is now called bread when the dough (面团) rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a cook in the US when a customer suggested his fried potatoes be __41__ (thin) than they were.
In 1968, Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong glue when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague, Art Fry, decided to use it six years later, in 1974, to have his bookmarks __42__ (hold) in his books and the post it note was invented.
Successful business people have often made big, expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000, Thomas Watson, the chairman, __43__ (ask) if he would fire the man.“No，” he replied.“I have just spent $600,000 __44__ (train) him.I won't let another company benefit from the experience.”
The important thing to remember is that you need to learn from your mistakes.__45__ you don't, then there is no point making them.
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
我校近期将举办一场以科学精神(scientific spirit)为主题的演讲比赛， 请你写一篇参赛发言稿。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Emily is a sixth grade student in a small town.She is a curious and adventurous girl who always dreams of exploring new places.Last summer, her dream came true when she got selected for a student exchange program to visit China.
Emily was super excited, but she knew that going to a different country with a brand new culture might not be easy.When she arrived in China, she had an open heart and lots of hope, but the cultural differences, the language barrier, and the unfamiliar surroundings made her feel a bit overwhelmed.
On her first day at a Chinese school, she felt like she was in a completely different world.The students spoke a language she couldn't understand, and the way things worked in the classroom was very different from back home.During lunchtime, poor Emily sat all by herself in a corner of the cafeteria, feeling lost and lonely.Just then, a friendly Chinese girl came up to her with a warm smile and said, “Hello, my name is Li Shanshan.I noticed you're new here.Would you like to be our friend？”
Emily was so relieved and thankful for the friendly offer.“Thank you，” she replied with a big smile.“I'm Emily, and I'm really happy to meet you.”
Shanshan introduced Emily to her group of friends, and they all welcomed her with open arms.They helped Emily with her Chinese language, taught her about Chinese customs, and shared their favorite Chinese foods.Slowly but surely, Emily started to feel more comfortable and understand the Chinese culture better.
One day, as the English teacher was planning her class schedule, she came up with an idea.She decided to assign each student in the class to do a presentation about their hometowns the next week.She believed this could be a great way for the students to learn about different cultures and improve their public speaking skills.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。
Emily was glad to do this but she didn't know how to prepare.
The day finally came and it was Emily's turn to make the presentation.
UNIT 1 单元仿真验收性评价
第一部分
第一节
语篇解读：本文为一篇应用文。英国威廉王子宣布了今年“为地球奋斗奖”的获奖者。本文主要介绍了今年各类别获奖项目的部分内容。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段“The prize is meant ...planet.”以及下文的各个小标题可知，“为地球奋斗奖”的目的是找到方法保护地球。故选B项。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据Protect and Restore Nature中的“Kheyti is already working ...the world.”可知，Kheyti的温室项目在印度各地都有进行。故选A项。
3．选C 细节理解题。根据Clean Our Air的内容和Fix Our Climate中的“The Earthshot ...peridotite.”可知，Charlot Magayi和44.01的共同之处是他们的成就都有利于空气净化，并因此而得奖。故选C项。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用科学家的故事来教育孩子所带来的积极影响。
4．选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His story can make kids think scientists are also common people.”可知，Chris Hadfield的故事告诉学生们科学家跟我们周围的人一样都是普通人。
5．选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段和倒数第二段中的“Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn't have to be true.”可推知，作者会同意：科学家不一定是在学校里很聪明的孩子。
6．选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid.”和下文内容可知，该段主要介绍新的科学发现可能是以别人的发现为基础的这一观点。
7．选D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了用科学家的故事来教育孩子所带来的积极影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有科学证据表明，注意力持续时间已经大幅缩短。文章说明了较短的注意力持续时间有三个缺点、注意力持续时间变短的原因以及我们如何应对的建议。
8．选A 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容，尤其第一句可知，本段主要介绍了注意力持续时间短的负面影响。故选A。
9．选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和后文“If it's just boredom ...reward.”可知，马克建议当你渴望改变任务的时候，要分析一下原因，来让自己保持专注。故画线词意思是“渴望”。故选C。
10．选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So she offered ...a reward.”可知，格洛丽亚·马克建议在改变你的任务之前，有必要三思而后行。故选C。
11．选D 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Does it ever seem ...considerably.”并结合文章内容可知，本文主要说明了有科学证据表明，注意力持续时间已经大幅缩短，并给出原因及应对建议。由此可知，D选项“我们能做些什么来延长注意力的持续时间？”最符合文章标题。故选D。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。现在，我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响，但是即便已经有科学证实的事实，有些人还是会依赖个人经验。科学家该如何说服怀疑者？摆出更多的事实恐怕还不够。
12．选C 写作手法题。通读第二段可知，该段通过举例说明埃博拉病毒的传播途径受到人们质疑，说明事实受到质疑；通读第四段可知，该段通过举例介绍小镇上有一些癌症病例时，人们会认为是垃圾场的污染导致了癌症，说明人们往往依赖个人经验或个人情感理解世界，而不是统计数据。由此可知，作者通过举例论证其观点。
13．选A 词义猜测题。根据第三段的尾句“For example, although ...it hard to accept.”可知，几千年来，尽管地球是圆的这一说法已经众所周知，但仍有人觉得难以接受。由此可知，科学发现的真理往往是让人难以置信的，故画线词的意思与A项最为接近。
14．选B 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句的内容可知，即使人们接受了科学教育，他们中的大多数人仍然试图依靠个人经验、故事或情感来理解世界，而不是统计数据。由此可以推知，他们坚持自己的看法。
15．选D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了有些人不相信科学的原因：虽然我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响，但某些人还会依赖个人经验等。
第二节
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学的重要性、必要性以及科学发现无止境。
16．选B 上一段中列举出了诗人攻击科学的例子。根据空后一句可知，人们觉得用科学解释美丽的事物很无聊。该空承上启下，B选项“这只是众多例子中的一个”切题，选项中“This”指代上文中英国著名诗人John Keats攻击科学的例子。
17．选F 根据上文“First of all, science helps us get things done.”可知，该空承接上文，具体说明科学如何帮助我们做事，F选项“它帮助我们理解我们生活的世界和它是如何运作的”切题，且与空后一句话题一致，都是在说明科学在生活中的实际应用。
18．选D 根据空前一句可知，这里指出了科学让我们思考。根据空后一句可知，这里具体说明科学如何让我们思考。D选项“它要求我们只能通过证据来相信事情”切题，也是在具体说明科学如何让我们思考，且与下文句式相同。
19．选C 根据上文“When you study science, remember what it means.”和下文“Humans once looked up at rainbows, and said that they were beautiful.Science explained them, and they were no longer mysterious to us.”可知，该空承上启下，解释科学的真谛。故C选项“它是对真理和知识的不断追求”切题。
20．选A 根据空后一句可知，通过不断地探索，会有更多新的科学发现，即发现无止境。故A选项“但是发现从未停止”切题。
第二部分
第一节
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位著名的科学家在小时候和妈妈的一次经历，正是妈妈的鼓励和引导，他才懂得了人生应该从错误中学习，不要害怕犯错误。
21．选B 根据上文“Stephen Glenn is a famous research scientist”可知，Stephen Glenn取得了几个非常重要的医学突破(breakthroughs)。
22．选D 根据上文“who has made several very important medical ________”可知，此处指他被问到为什么他能比一般人更有创造力(creative)。
23．选A 根据下文“that occurred when he was a child”可知，Stephen Glenn回应道他的创造力来自他小时候和妈妈的一次经历(experience)。
24．选B 根据下文“giving him a lecture or chastising (指责) him”可知，Stephen Glenn的妈妈并没有对他大声吼叫(yelling)或指责他。
25．选B 根据下文“whenever you make a mess like this”可知，妈妈告诉Stephen Glenn，说他制造了一个伟大而美妙的混乱(mess)。
26．选D 妈妈问在把牛奶清理干净之前(before)，Stephen Glenn是否愿意在牛奶里玩几分钟。
27．选C 妈妈告诉Stephen Glenn无论什么时候搞得像这样一团糟，最终(eventually)都必须清理干净。
28．选B 他们做了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大奶瓶的失败的(failed)实验。
29．选B 根据下文“he could ________ without dropping it”可知，他们在尝试找到一种能拿瓶子又不掉(dropping)的方法。
30．选C 根据上文“The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”可知，Stephen Glenn发现了成功做到(make it)的方法。
31．选D 这对他是多么好的一课(lesson)啊！
32．选C 根据下文“Instead, he learned that mistakes ...”可知，那时他知道了不必害怕犯错(mistakes)。
33．选C 相反，他意识到错误只是学习新东西的机会(chances)。
34．选D 根据下文“Even if the experiment doesn't work”可知，此处指科学实验(experiments)。
35．选A 根据上文“he learned that mistakes were just ________ for learning something new”可知，即使实验不成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的(valuable)东西。
第二节
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过一系列案例告诉我们：许多成功的事情都是从失败中孕育出来的。不要害怕失败，要从失败中学习。
36．who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Thomas Edison，且在从句中作主语。故填who。
37．failures 考查名词复数。空处与“false starts”并列作主语。故填failures。
38．a 考查冠词。句意：事实上，相当多的日常事务都是从错误及误解中孕育出来的。固定搭配a number of意为“很多”，且surprising的读音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
39．In 考查介词。表示“在哪一年”应用介词in。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填In。
40．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”。故填what。
41．thinner 考查形容词比较级。than为表示比较含义的连词，应用形容词的比较级。故填thinner。
42．held 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定结构have sth.done。故填held。
43．was asked 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，Thomas Watson与ask之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又因为事情发生在过去，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was asked。
44．training 考查非谓语动词。spend time/money doing sth.意为“花费时间/金钱做某事”。故填training。
45．If 考查连词。上文提到“重要的是，你要从错误中学习”，而下文则提到“没有从错误中学到东西，犯错就没有意义”，由此判断这是一个条件状语从句。故填If。
第三部分
第一节(参考范文)
A man of the soil
It's my great honour today to deliver a speech on scientific spirit.From my point of view, devotion and determination contribute the most to the achievement of a scientist.
Yuan Longping, a man of the soil, is the best example.As he once said, “My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the people away from hunger.” To realize this dream, he devoted all his life to the soil to boost yields in the field.Although no one thought it could be done, he never lost heart to tackle this challenge.Having overcome varieties of difficulties, he finally found the answer in hybrid rice.
Thanks to his scientific spirit, today not just China but many other countries have basically solved the hunger problem.
第二节(参考范文)
Emily was glad to do this but she didn't know how to prepare.Knowing that, Shanshan stepped in to help Emily with her presentation.With Shanshan's guidance, Emily decided to start by making a list of key points about her hometown, such as its location, population, and famous landmarks.She also wrote interesting facts and traditions that she thought would attract the classmates' attention.They practiced together, and Shanshan even taught her some key phrases in Chinese to make her presentation more appealing.As the days passed, Emily's confidence grew, and she became more comfortable speaking in front of an audience.
The day finally came and it was Emily's turn to make the presentation.She was feeling a mix of excitement and nervousness as she walked to the front of the classroom.She took a deep breath, looked at her classmates, and began her presentation.She spoke passionately about the beautiful landscapes, the friendly people and the unique cultural events.The students listened attentively and asked questions, showing their interest in her culture.Not only were they impressed by her presentation but also they were touched by the strong bond of friendship she had formed with Shanshan.Emily felt a sense of accomplishment, experiencing the warmth of friendship in a foreign land.