Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
语法项目——动词 ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
On our way home，we saw a big branch lying on the road①.Considering it might cause some trouble②， we decided to move it away.With some passers by helping us③， we managed to remove it from the road.Seeing what we had done④， many people applauded warmly for us, saying that⑤ we really did a good deed and were good teenagers.
[语法入门]
文中的黑体部分都是动词 ing形式，其中①③在句中作宾语补足语，②④⑤在句中作状语。
一、动词 ing形式作宾语补足语
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间构成主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。
[先感知]
①I felt somebody standing behind me.
②I saw the little boy crying there.
③We kept the fire burning all night long.
④I won't have you running about in the room.
⑤I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
[会发现]
(1)句①②中，feel和see是__________动词。
(2)句③④中，keep和have是__________动词。
(3)句⑤中的黑体部分是__________________。
[明规则]
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。常用于以下情况：
1．感官动词(短语)see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等后可跟动词 ing形式作宾语补足语。
2．使役动词have, let, keep, get, leave等后可跟动词 ing形式作宾语补足语。
3．with复合结构中，可用动词 ing形式作宾语补足语。
[名师点津] 在see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的 ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略了to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他穿过了马路。(强调整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正穿过马路。(强调正在进行)
[对点练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①Do you hear someone __________ (knock) at the door
②They use computers to keep the traffic __________ (run) smoothly.
③The old couple often take a walk after supper with their pet dog __________ (follow) them.
④Sometimes, I would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children _______ (weep) in the cold.
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left __________ (want) more next time.
(2)完成句子
⑥I suddenly felt _____________ by a heavy fist.
我突然感到自己被重重地打了一拳。
⑦I found __________________ at the door.
我发现一个乞丐正站在门口。
⑧We shouldn't keep __________________ in the day.我们白天不应该让灯开着。
⑨With ___________________， he felt so proud.所有的粉丝一起歌唱，他感到如此的骄傲。
二、动词 ing形式作状语
动词 ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
[先感知]
①(2024·全国甲卷)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely.
②Taking advantage of the site's great start, Fiona decided to add more contents.
③Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media.
④The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.
⑤Working hard, you'll make great progress.
[会发现]
(1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是句_____，作原因状语的是句_____，作时间状语的是句_____，作结果状语的是句_____，作条件状语的是句_____。
(2)句③中动词 ing形式短语为__________，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
[明规则]
1．动词-ing形式作状语的形式
主动形式 被动形式 时态意义 语态意义
一般式 doing being done 构成动词-ing的动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时发生 主动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系
完成式 having done having been done 构成动词-ing的动词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生
2．动词-ing形式作状语时的类型
动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、结果、方式或伴随状况，作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列成分，作原因、条件、让步、时间状语时相当于对应的状语从句。
类型 例句
时间 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.(＝When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.)听到这个消息，他们立即出发去上海了。
原因 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Feeling motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened.(＝Because I felt motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened.)因为受到了激励，我开始有规律地跑步，但后来发生了两件事。
结果 The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.这场雪持续了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。
条件 Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.(＝If you turn to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.)向右转弯，你就可以找到一条通往他的小屋的小路。
让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.(＝Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.)尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。
方式 Please answer the question using another way.(＝Please answer the question and use another way.)请用另一种方式回答这个问题。
伴随 He walked down the hill, singing softly.(＝He walked down the hill and sang softly.)他步行下山，轻声哼着歌。
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
①________________________， he can't afford the new computer.
因为现在缺钱，他买不起这台新电脑。
②There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back on the grassland, ______________.
没有什么比平躺在草地上看星星更快乐的事了。
③Newly built wooden cottages line the street, ________________________ a dreamland.
新建的木屋林立在街道两旁，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。
(2)单句语法填空
④(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, ________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age old fables.
⑤(2023·全国乙卷) __________________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
⑥(2022·全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
⑦(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ______________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
三、动词 ing形式作状语的注意事项
1．动词 ing形式的否定式：not＋doing; not having＋done
Not knowing this, he didn't come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
2．独立主格结构
动词 ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
Time permitting, we will answer your questions after the discussion.
如果时间允许的话，讨论之后我们会回答你的问题。
He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。
3．动词 ing形式作评论性状语
有些动词 ing形式在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的评论性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：
generally speaking“一般说来”
judging by/from ...“从……判断”
taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”
Judging from her reaction, she liked the birthday present.
从她的反应来判断，她喜欢这个生日礼物。
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
①____________________ (春天来了), the trees turned green.
②__________________ (一般说来), girls are more interested in literature than boys.
(2)用独立主格结构改写下列句子
③If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.
→__________________， we shall go there on foot.
④After Mary came back, they discussed it together.
→__________________， they discussed it together.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．__________ (feel) more relaxed, Mia began reading.
2．I could feel my voice __________ (shake) and tried not to cry.
3．With her eyes __________ (study) me, my heart beat faster.
4．She embraced me, __________ (kiss) me on both cheeks.
5．Jordan followed, fear __________ (well) up in his eyes.
6．I could hear him __________ (talk) to the cat, __________ (apologize) repeatedly.
7．__________ (hear) my apology, Missi's mother erupted into a loud scream of joy.
8．My boss was sitting in his chair with a hardened face, __________ (gaze) at me long and hard.
9．__________ (flash) a smile, I encouraged, “Anything you'd like to say！”
10．__________ (walk) along the street, he met his old friends.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．____________________， I felt embarrassed.
听到她的话，我感到很尴尬。
2．I paced back and forth in the room anxiously, ________________________.
我焦虑地在房间里来回踱步，不知道该怎么办。
3．______________， I saw a lovely young woman ______________________________.
环顾四周，我看到一位可爱的年轻女子正在弹奏一架非常漂亮的钢琴。
4．Puzzled and curious, he quickened his pace, _________________________________.
他既困惑又好奇，加快了脚步，想知道这位不速之客会是谁。
5．__________________________________________________， Will found the familiar figure sitting next to his father.
威尔好奇地走进房子，发现了那个正坐在他父亲旁边的熟悉的身影。
6．____________________________________， the students are making rapid progress.
在一位经验丰富的老师的教导下，学生们进步很快。
7．____________________________________， he knew all the best places to eat.
他在城里生活了十年，因此知道所有最好的餐馆。
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式补全短文
Last week, I was invited to a party by my friends.①__________ (arrive) at the party, I found all my friends ②__________ (dance) and ③________ (sing) happily there.④________ (stand) aside for a while, I saw two of my friends ⑤__________ (chat) at a table.So I went over to join them.When we were talking over tea, I noticed a girl ⑥__________ (enjoy) herself by playing the violin.The party lasted for about two hours, and we all had a good time.With the host ⑦__________ (announce) the end of the party, we said goodbye to each other and went home with delight.
Section Ⅳ
学案中理清
一、[会发现](1)感官 (2)使役 (3)with复合结构
[对点练] ①knocking ②running ③following ④weeping
⑤wanting ⑥myself being hit ⑦a beggar standing
⑧the lights burning ⑨all fans singing together
二、[会发现](1)①；②；③；④；⑤ (2)完成式
[对点练] ①Being short of money now
②staring at the stars ③turning the old town into
④borrowing ⑤Having visited ⑥planning ⑦Covering
三、[对点练] ①Spring coming on ②Generally speaking
③Weather permitting ④Mary coming back
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.Feeling 2.shaking 3.studying 4.kissing 5.welling
6．talking; apologizing 7.Hearing 8.gazing 9.Flashing
10．Walking
Ⅱ.1.Hearing her words 2.not knowing what to do
3．Looking around; playing a very nice piano
4．wondering who would be the unexpected visitor
5．Walking into the house with curiosity
6．Being taught by an experienced teacher
7．Having lived in the city for ten years
Ⅲ.①Arriving ②dancing ③singing ④Standing ⑤chatting
⑥enjoying ⑦announcing
6 / 7(共83张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 录
语法项目——动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
课时跟踪检测
语法项目——动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
On our way home，we saw a big branch lying on the road①. Considering it might cause some trouble②， we decided to move it away.With some passers-by helping us③， we managed to remove it from the road.Seeing what we had done④， many people applauded warmly for us, saying that⑤ we really did a good deed and were good teenagers.
[语法入门]
文中的蓝体部分都是动词-ing形式，其中①③在句中作宾语补足语，②④⑤在句中作状语。
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间构成主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。
[先感知]
①I felt somebody standing behind me.
②I saw the little boy crying there.
③We kept the fire burning all night long.
④I won't have you running about in the room.
⑤I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
[会发现]
(1)句①②中，feel和see是_____动词。
(2)句③④中，keep和have是_____动词。
(3)句⑤中的蓝体部分是____________。
感官
使役
with复合结构
[明规则]
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。常用于以下情况：
1．感官动词(短语)see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等后可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
2．使役动词have, let, keep, get, leave等后可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
3．with复合结构中，可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
[名师点津] 在see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略了to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他穿过了马路。(强调整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正穿过马路。(强调正在进行)
[对点练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①Do you hear someone (knock) at the door
②They use computers to keep the traffic (run) smoothly.
③The old couple often take a walk after supper with their pet dog _________(follow) them.
knocking
running
following
④Sometimes, I would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children (weep) in the cold.
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left (want) more next time.
weeping
wanting
(2)完成句子
⑥I suddenly felt by a heavy fist.
我突然感到自己被重重地打了一拳。
⑦I found at the door.
我发现一个乞丐正站在门口。
myself being hit
a beggar standing
⑧We shouldn't keep in the day.
我们白天不应该让灯开着。
⑨With , he felt so proud.
所有的粉丝一起歌唱，他感到如此的骄傲。
the lights burning
all fans singing together
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
[先感知]
①(2024·全国甲卷)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely.
②Taking advantage of the site's great start, Fiona decided to add more contents.
③Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media.
④The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.
⑤Working hard, you'll make great progress.
[会发现]
(1)蓝体部分在句中作伴随状语的是句____，作原因状语的是句____，作时间状语的是句____，作结果状语的是句____，作条件状语的是句___。
(2)句③中动词-ing形式短语为________，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
①
②
③
④
⑤
完成式
[明规则]
1．动词-ing形式作状语的形式
主动形式 被动形式 时态意义 语态意义
一般式 doing being done 构成动词-ing的动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时发生 主动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系
完成式 having done having been done 构成动词-ing的动词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生 2．动词-ing形式作状语时的类型
动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、结果、方式或伴随状况，作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列成分，作原因、条件、让步、时间状语时相当于对应的状语从句。
类型 例句
时间 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.(＝When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.)
听到这个消息，他们立即出发去上海了。
续表
原因 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Feeling motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened.(＝Because I felt motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened.)
因为受到了激励，我开始有规律地跑步，但后来发生了两件事。
结果 The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
这场雪持续了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。
续表
条件 Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.(＝If you turn to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.)
向右转弯，你就可以找到一条通往他的小屋的小路。
让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.(＝Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.)
尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。
续表
方式 Please answer the question using another way.(＝Please answer the question and use another way.)
请用另一种方式回答这个问题。
伴随 He walked down the hill, singing softly.(＝He walked down the hill and sang softly.)
他步行下山，轻声哼着歌。
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
① , he can't afford the new computer.
因为现在缺钱，他买不起这台新电脑。
②There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back on the grassland, .
没有什么比平躺在草地上看星星更快乐的事了。
Being short of money now
staring at the stars
③Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,_______________ __________a dreamland.
新建的木屋林立在街道两旁，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。
turning the old
town into
(2)单句语法填空
④(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
borrowing
⑤(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
⑥(2022·全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
Having visited
planning
⑦(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
Covering
三、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
1．动词-ing形式的否定式：not＋doing; not having＋done
Not knowing this, he didn't come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
2．独立主格结构
动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
Time permitting, we will answer your questions after the discussion.如果时间允许的话，讨论之后我们会回答你的问题。
He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。
3．动词-ing形式作评论性状语
有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的评论性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般说来”， judging by/from ...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。
Judging from her reaction, she liked the birthday present.
从她的反应来判断，她喜欢这个生日礼物。
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
① (春天来了), the trees turned green.
② (一般说来), girls are more interested in literature than boys.
Spring coming on
Generally speaking
(2)用独立主格结构改写下列句子
③If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.
→ ,we shall go there on foot.
④After Mary came back, they discussed it together.
→ , they discussed it together.
Weather permitting
Mary coming back
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1． (feel) more relaxed, Mia began reading.
2．I could feel my voice (shake) and tried not to cry.
3．With her eyes (study) me, my heart beat faster.
4．She embraced me, (kiss) me on both cheeks.
Feeling
shaking
studying
kissing
5．Jordan followed, fear (well) up in his eyes.
6．I could hear him (talk) to the cat, _____________ (apologize) repeatedly.
7． (hear) my apology, Missi's mother erupted into a loud scream of joy.
8．My boss was sitting in his chair with a hardened face, ________ (gaze) at me long and hard.
welling
talking
apologizing
Hearing
gazing
9． (flash) a smile, I encouraged, “Anything you'd like to say！”
10． (walk) along the street, he met his old friends.
Flashing
Walking
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． , I felt embarrassed.
听到她的话，我感到很尴尬。
2．I paced back and forth in the room anxiously, .
我焦虑地在房间里来回踱步，不知道该怎么办。
Hearing her words
not knowing what to do
3． , I saw a lovely young woman ____________ _______________.
环顾四周，我看到一位可爱的年轻女子正在弹奏一架非常漂亮的钢琴。
4．Puzzled and curious, he quickened his pace, ______________ ____________________________.
他既困惑又好奇，加快了脚步，想知道这位不速之客会是谁。
Looking around
playing a
wondering who
very nice piano
would be the unexpected visitor
5． , Will found the familiar figure sitting next to his father.
威尔好奇地走进房子，发现了那个正坐在他父亲旁边的熟悉的身影。
6． , the students are making rapid progress.
在一位经验丰富的老师的教导下，学生们进步很快。
Walking into the house with curiosity
Being taught by an experienced teacher
7． , he knew all the best places to eat.
他在城里生活了十年，因此知道所有最好的餐馆。
Having lived in the city for ten years,
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式补全短文
Last week, I was invited to a party by my friends.① (arrive) at the party, I found all my friends ② (dance) and ③ (sing) happily there.④ (stand) aside for a while, I saw two of my friends ⑤ (chat) at a table.So I went over to join them.When we were talking over tea, I noticed a girl ⑥ (enjoy) herself by playing the violin.The party lasted for about two hours, and we all had a good time.With the host ⑦ (announce) the end of the party, we said goodbye to each other and went home with delight.
Arriving
dancing
singing
Standing
chatting
enjoying
announcing
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The meaning of the word “volunteer” may be a little different in different countries, but it usually means “one who offers his or her services”．There are many different ways in which people can volunteer, such as taking care of sick people，
课时跟踪检测
working in homes for homeless children, and picking up garbage from beaches and parks.Volunteers may work within their own countries or in other countries.They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves.Volunteers don't expect any kind of pay.
At the root of volunteering is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people.Tracy, a good friend of mine, however, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means.She worked for two and a half weeks in one of Mother Teresa's homes in Calcutta.The following is her story.
“I first heard about Mother Teresa in my high school, and we watched a video about her work in India and all over the world.I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I too wanted to try her kind of work.So with two friends I flew to Calcutta for a few weeks.”
“I was asked to work in a home for sick people.I helped wash clothes and sheets, and pass out lunch.I also fed the people who were too weak to feed themselves and tried to cheer them up.I felt it was better to share with them than to think that I have helped them.To be honest, I don't think I was helping very much.It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章叙述了Tracy通过做志愿者的经历，领悟到了成为志愿者的新看法：通过帮助别人来提高自己。
1．According to the text, a volunteer refers to a person who .
A．has made a big fortune in life
B．can afford to travel to different places
C．has a strong wish to be successful
D．is willing to help those in need without pay
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves.Volunteers don't expect any kind of pay.”可知，志愿者愿意无偿帮助那些需要帮助的人，而且不期待任何回报。
2．Tracy started her work as a volunteer .
A．after she met Mother Teresa
B．after she finished high school
C．when she was touring Calcutta
D．when she was working in a hospital
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I too wanted to try her kind of work.”可知，Tracy高中毕业后开始了她的志愿者工作。
3．Why did Tracy choose to be a volunteer
A．She liked to work with Mother Teresa.
B．She was asked by Mother Teresa to do so.
C．She wanted to follow Mother Teresa's example.
D．She had already had some experience.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I first heard about Mother Teresa ...try her kind of work.”可知，Tracy选择做一个志愿者是因为她想以Mother Teresa为榜样。
√
4．What is Tracy's “new idea” (paragraph 2) of being a volunteer
A．Going abroad to help the sick.
B．Doing simple things to help the poor.
C．Working in Mother Teresa's home.
D．Improving oneself through helping others.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.”可推知，“new idea”指的是通过帮助别人来提高自己。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Tony loved attention.He would make up stories about others and people would listen to gossip news from him out of 5 .
This time, he had a new 6 — Rabbi.“Rabbi mixes dairy (奶制品) and meat！” said Tony.The townspeople 7 their heads for they all knew that dairy and meat must not be mixed.“And he steals food！” added Tony.“No！” cried the townspeople.His 8 about Rabbi spread quickly.
Later, alone at home, Tony felt very 9 about what he'd done and decided to apologize to Rabbi.
The next morning, he went to Rabbi's, saying “Rabbi, I'm coming for your 10 .” Then Tony 11 to him what he'd done, asking “What can I do to make things right？”
Rabbi thought for a moment, saying “Take a feather pillow, cut it open, and 12 the feathers to the wind.”
“If it would 13 the guilt, why not do it？” Then 14 Tony did as told, feeding the feathers into the air.Afterwards, Tony hurriedly returned to report his deed to Rabbi, 15 .
“Now go and 16 those feathers，” ordered Rabbi coldly.
“But they are far and wide across the land！” Tony cried.“But, but, how possibly can I get them all？”
17 Tony's feeling, Rabbi continued, “You can no more make up for all the 18 your words have caused than you can collect the feathers you've thrown.”
Tony realized Rabbi was right.And to this day, he 19 what he says about others.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。托尼喜欢造别人的谣以博取关注，一次他编造了一些关于拉比的谣言，但他为此感到愧疚，于是去请求拉比的原谅，拉比用羽毛枕头教育托尼覆水难收的道理。
5．A.fear B．concern
C．kindness D．curiosity
解析：根据空前的“gossip news from him”并结合常识可知，人们由于好奇(curiosity)会听别人讲八卦。故选D。
√
6．A.friend B．enemy
C．target D．identity
解析：根据上文“He would make up stories about others”可知，托尼喜欢造别人的谣，所以这次他选择拉比作为一个新目标(target)。故选C。
√
7．A.shook B．nodded
C．raised D．lowered
解析：根据句中的“for they all knew that dairy and meat must not be mixed”可知，人们都知道奶制品和肉不能混在一起，所以他们听到拉比这么做时都难以置信地摇头。故选A。
√
8．A.credits B．stories
C．impressions D．judgments
解析：根据上文中的“make up stories about others”可知，这里是stories的原词复现，指他编造的关于拉比的故事。故选B。
√
9．A.guilty B．pitiful
C．depressed D．annoyed
解析：根据句中的“decided to apologize to Rabbi”可知，托尼决定向拉比道歉是因为他对自己的做法感到内疚。故选A。
√
10．A.support B．business
C．guidance D．forgiveness
解析：根据上文“decided to apologize to Rabbi”可知，托尼向拉比道歉，想要获得拉比的原谅(forgiveness)，故选D。
√
11．A.complained B．suggested
C．announced D．explained
解析：根据空后的“to him what he'd done”可知，托尼向拉比解释(explained)了自己的所作所为，故选D。
√
12．A.feed B．tear
C．stick D．deliver
解析：根据下文中的“feeding the feathers into the air”可知，这里是feed的原词复现，表示把羽毛撒向风中。故选A。
√
13．A.wake up B．take away
C．set aside D．leave behind
解析：根据空后的“the guilt”可知，这里是说消除内疚感。wake up“唤醒”；take away“消除(感情、痛苦等)”；set aside“把……放到一旁(或搁到一边)”；leave behind“把……抛在后面”。故选B。
√
14．A.exactly B．suddenly
C．gradually D．particularly
解析：根据空后的“Tony did as told”可知，托尼完全(exactly)按照拉比的指示去做。故选A。
√
15．A.amazed B．satisfied
C．frightened D．embarrassed
解析：根据“Tony hurriedly returned to report his deed to Rabbi”可知，托尼急匆匆地回来向拉比报告他的行为，这说明托尼对自己的行为感到满意(satisfied)。故选B。
√
16．A.sweep B．select
C．gather D．hold
解析：根据下文中的“get them all”和“collect the feathers”可知，拉比让托尼去把散落的羽毛全部收集(gather)起来，故选C。
√
17．A.Considering B．Containing
C．Ignoring D．Respecting
解析：根据上文中的“ordered Rabbi coldly”可知，拉比是在给托尼一个深刻的教训，所以说话时用冷漠的命令语气，没有顾及(Ignoring)托尼的感受，故选C。
√
18．A.shame B．hurt
C．stress D．injury
解析：根据句中的“your words have caused”可知，这里指话语造成的伤害(hurt)，故选B。
√
19．A.tends B．checks
C．watches D．observes
解析：根据空后的“what he says about others”可知，从这天起，托尼在说有关别人的事情时非常小心(watches)。故选 C。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
One year 1 (pass) since the story happened. At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend 2 family business was running hotels. He asked me 3 I would be interested in doing a part-time job in one of 4 (they) leading hotels.I said yes.
One day around 2 am in the night I saw a car rushing into the parking zone with fire erupting from the front of the car and it looked pretty 5 (danger). It appeared that it might explode and there were nearly 50 cars parked there. Then 6 (instant) I picked up a fire extinguisher (灭火器) from the hotel and rushed to put out the fire. 7 the meantime， 8 (hold) another extinguisher, Ralph, the owner of the car also joined me in putting out the fire.
Within five minutes, we had the situation 9 (control) and the fire was put out. Imagine how terrible it would have been if other 10 (vehicle) in the parking lot had caught fire. Ralph thanked me and in the morning everyone who saw and came to know about the incident said to me that I had done a great job. I got a hero's applause.
语篇解读：本文讲述了作者在做兼职工作时，在凌晨2点发现一辆轿车起火了。在危急关头，作者挺身而出，主动去灭火。最终，火被扑灭了，作者也赢得了掌声。
1．has passed 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间标志词since可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语One year为单数，故填has passed。
2．whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“a friend”是先行词，设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。
3．whether/if 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，故填whether/if。
4．their 考查代词。修饰名词hotels应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
5．dangerous 考查形容词。设空处前面的looked是系动词，后面应用形容词作表语。dangerous是形容词，意为“危险的”。
6．instantly 考查副词。句意：那时“我”立即从宾馆拿了一个灭火器，冲出去灭火。设空处作状语，应用副词，instantly意为“立即；马上”。
7．In 考查介词。in the meantime是固定短语，意为“在此期间；与此同时”。故填介词In。
8．holding 考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，车主Ralph拿着另一个灭火器，也和“我”一起灭火。分析句子结构可知，设空处与其逻辑主语Ralph之间为主谓关系，故应用现在分词作状语。
9．controlled 考查非谓语动词。句意：五分钟之内，我们就控制了局势，火被扑灭了。此处为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，situation和control之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
10．vehicles 考查名词复数。句意：想象一下，如果停车场里的其他车辆也着火了，情况会多么糟糕。vehicle是可数名词，再根据设空处前的other可知本空应用复数形式。故填vehicles。UNIT 2 课时检测(四) Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The meaning of the word “volunteer” may be a little different in different countries, but it usually means “one who offers his or her services”．There are many different ways in which people can volunteer, such as taking care of sick people，working in homes for homeless children, and picking up garbage from beaches and parks.Volunteers may work within their own countries or in other countries.They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves.Volunteers don't expect any kind of pay.
At the root of volunteering is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people.Tracy, a good friend of mine, however, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means.She worked for two and a half weeks in one of Mother Teresa's homes in Calcutta.The following is her story.
“I first heard about Mother Teresa in my high school, and we watched a video about her work in India and all over the world.I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I too wanted to try her kind of work.So with two friends I flew to Calcutta for a few weeks.”
“I was asked to work in a home for sick people.I helped wash clothes and sheets, and pass out lunch.I also fed the people who were too weak to feed themselves and tried to cheer them up.I felt it was better to share with them than to think that I have helped them.To be honest, I don't think I was helping very much.It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.”
1．According to the text, a volunteer refers to a person who ________.
A．has made a big fortune in life
B．can afford to travel to different places
C．has a strong wish to be successful
D．is willing to help those in need without pay
2．Tracy started her work as a volunteer ________.
A．after she met Mother Teresa
B．after she finished high school
C．when she was touring Calcutta
D．when she was working in a hospital
3．Why did Tracy choose to be a volunteer
A．She liked to work with Mother Teresa.
B．She was asked by Mother Teresa to do so.
C．She wanted to follow Mother Teresa's example.
D．She had already had some experience.
4．What is Tracy's “new idea” (paragraph 2) of being a volunteer
A．Going abroad to help the sick.
B．Doing simple things to help the poor.
C．Working in Mother Teresa's home.
D．Improving oneself through helping others.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Tony loved attention.He would make up stories about others and people would listen to gossip news from him out of __5__.
This time, he had a new __6__ — Rabbi.“Rabbi mixes dairy (奶制品) and meat！” said Tony.The townspeople __7__ their heads for they all knew that dairy and meat must not be mixed.“And he steals food！” added Tony.“No！” cried the townspeople.His __8__ about Rabbi spread quickly.
Later, alone at home, Tony felt very __9__ about what he'd done and decided to apologize to Rabbi.
The next morning, he went to Rabbi's, saying “Rabbi, I'm coming for your __10__.” Then Tony __11__ to him what he'd done, asking “What can I do to make things right？”
Rabbi thought for a moment, saying “Take a feather pillow, cut it open, and __12__ the feathers to the wind.”
“If it would __13__ the guilt, why not do it？” Then __14__ Tony did as told, feeding the feathers into the air.Afterwards, Tony hurriedly returned to report his deed to Rabbi, __15__.
“Now go and __16__ those feathers，” ordered Rabbi coldly.
“But they are far and wide across the land！” Tony cried.“But, but, how possibly can I get them all？”
__17__ Tony's feeling, Rabbi continued, “You can no more make up for all the __18__ your words have caused than you can collect the feathers you've thrown.”
Tony realized Rabbi was right.And to this day, he __19__ what he says about others.
5.A.fear B．concern
C．kindness D．curiosity
6．A.friend B．enemy
C．target D．identity
7．A.shook B．nodded
C．raised D．lowered
8．A.credits B．stories
C．impressions D．judgments
9．A.guilty B．pitiful
C．depressed D．annoyed
10．A.support B．business
C．guidance D．forgiveness
11．A.complained B．suggested
C．announced D．explained
12．A.feed B．tear
C．stick D．deliver
13．A.wake up B．take away
C．set aside D．leave behind
14．A.exactly B．suddenly
C．gradually D．particularly
15．A.amazed B．satisfied
C．frightened D．embarrassed
16．A.sweep B．select
C．gather D．hold
17．A.Considering B．Containing
C．Ignoring D．Respecting
18．A.shame B．hurt
C．stress D．injury
19．A.tends B．checks
C．watches D．observes
Ⅲ.语法填空
One year__1__ (pass) since the story happened. At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend __2__ family business was running hotels. He asked me __3__ I would be interested in doing a part time job in one of __4__ (they) leading hotels.I said yes.
One day around 2 am in the night I saw a car rushing into the parking zone with fire erupting from the front of the car and it looked pretty __5__ (danger). It appeared that it might explode and there were nearly 50 cars parked there. Then__6__ (instant) I picked up a fire extinguisher (灭火器) from the hotel and rushed to put out the fire.__7__ the meantime，__8__ (hold) another extinguisher, Ralph, the owner of the car also joined me in putting out the fire. Within five minutes, we had the situation __9__ (control) and the fire was put out. Imagine how terrible it would have been if other __10__ (vehicle) in the parking lot had caught fire. Ralph thanked me and in the morning everyone who saw and came to know about the incident said to me that I had done a great job. I got a hero's applause.
UNIT 2 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章叙述了Tracy通过做志愿者的经历，领悟到了成为志愿者的新看法：通过帮助别人来提高自己。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves.Volunteers don't expect any kind of pay.”可知，志愿者愿意无偿帮助那些需要帮助的人，而且不期待任何回报。
2．选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I too wanted to try her kind of work.”可知，Tracy高中毕业后开始了她的志愿者工作。
3．选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I first heard about Mother Teresa ...try her kind of work.”可知，Tracy选择做一个志愿者是因为她想以Mother Teresa为榜样。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.”可推知，“new idea”指的是通过帮助别人来提高自己。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。托尼喜欢造别人的谣以博取关注，一次他编造了一些关于拉比的谣言，但他为此感到愧疚，于是去请求拉比的原谅，拉比用羽毛枕头教育托尼覆水难收的道理。
5．选D 根据空前的“gossip news from him”并结合常识可知，人们由于好奇(curiosity)会听别人讲八卦。故选D。
6．选C 根据上文“He would make up stories about others”可知，托尼喜欢造别人的谣，所以这次他选择拉比作为一个新目标(target)。故选C。
7．选A 根据句中的“for they all knew that dairy and meat must not be mixed”可知，人们都知道奶制品和肉不能混在一起，所以他们听到拉比这么做时都难以置信地摇头。故选A。
8．选B 根据上文中的“make up stories about others”可知，这里是stories的原词复现，指他编造的关于拉比的故事。故选B。
9．选A 根据句中的“decided to apologize to Rabbi”可知，托尼决定向拉比道歉是因为他对自己的做法感到内疚。故选A。
10．选D 根据上文“decided to apologize to Rabbi”可知，托尼向拉比道歉，想要获得拉比的原谅(forgiveness)，故选D。
11．选D 根据空后的“to him what he'd done”可知，托尼向拉比解释(explained)了自己的所作所为，故选D。
12．选A 根据下文中的“feeding the feathers into the air”可知，这里是feed的原词复现，表示把羽毛撒向风中。故选A。
13．选B 根据空后的“the guilt”可知，这里是说消除内疚感。wake up“唤醒”；take away“消除(感情、痛苦等)”；set aside“把……放到一旁(或搁到一边)”；leave behind“把……抛在后面”。故选B。
14．选A 根据空后的“Tony did as told”可知，托尼完全(exactly)按照拉比的指示去做。故选A。
15．选B 根据“Tony hurriedly returned to report his deed to Rabbi”可知，托尼急匆匆地回来向拉比报告他的行为，这说明托尼对自己的行为感到满意(satisfied)。故选B。
16．选C 根据下文中的“get them all”和“collect the feathers”可知，拉比让托尼去把散落的羽毛全部收集(gather)起来，故选C。
17．选C 根据上文中的“ordered Rabbi coldly”可知，拉比是在给托尼一个深刻的教训，所以说话时用冷漠的命令语气，没有顾及(Ignoring)托尼的感受，故选C。
18．选B 根据句中的“your words have caused”可知，这里指话语造成的伤害(hurt)，故选B。
19．选C 根据空后的“what he says about others”可知，从这天起，托尼在说有关别人的事情时非常小心(watches)。故选 C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文讲述了作者在做兼职工作时，在凌晨2点发现一辆轿车起火了。在危急关头，作者挺身而出，主动去灭火。最终，火被扑灭了，作者也赢得了掌声。
1．has passed 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间标志词since可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语One year为单数，故填has passed。
2．whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“a friend”是先行词，设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。
3．whether/if 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，故填whether/if。
4．their 考查代词。修饰名词hotels应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
5．dangerous 考查形容词。设空处前面的looked是系动词，后面应用形容词作表语。dangerous是形容词，意为“危险的”。
6．instantly 考查副词。句意：那时“我”立即从宾馆拿了一个灭火器，冲出去灭火。设空处作状语，应用副词，instantly意为“立即；马上”。
7．In 考查介词。in the meantime是固定短语，意为“在此期间；与此同时”。故填介词In。
8．holding 考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，车主Ralph拿着另一个灭火器，也和“我”一起灭火。分析句子结构可知，设空处与其逻辑主语Ralph之间为主谓关系，故应用现在分词作状语。
9．controlled 考查非谓语动词。句意：五分钟之内，我们就控制了局势，火被扑灭了。此处为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，situation和control之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
10．vehicles 考查名词复数。句意：想象一下，如果停车场里的其他车辆也着火了，情况会多么糟糕。vehicle是可数名词，再根据设空处前的other可知本空应用复数形式。故填vehicles。
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