Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
语法项目——省略
①(You) Believe yourself
Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if ②(they were) the same person.Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn't ③(win the first place)．Peter felt sad one day.When ④(he was) asked why he was so sad, he said he had been robbed of the opportunity of going abroad.Peter determined to spend nearly half of his summer holiday ⑤(in) studying English.Their parents believe if Peter worked as hard as Tom ⑥(worked), he would do as well as his brother ⑦(did) in his study.And their parents suggest that they ⑧(should) finish their homework before playing computer games.Not surprisingly, Peter succeeded.It's worth mentioning that ⑨were it not for the support of the teachers, Peter could not overcome his difficulty.
[语法入门]
①祈使句中常省略主语；
②④as if/when引导状语从句，主从句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略；
③⑥⑦while或as ...as ...连接两个并列分句时，若主语不同，但主要动词相同，则可省略后面句子中的主要动词；
⑤介词的省略；
⑧suggest意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用“should＋do”，should可以省略；
⑨if虚拟条件句中，省略if时，句子需倒装。
在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出，常常省略句中的一个或多个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。
一、词法上的省略
(一)介词的省略
1．一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
2．表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.
除了星期天外，我们每天都去上学。
[对点练] (补全下列句子中省略的介词)
①It was quite light and (__________) any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats (________) that night.
③I have some trouble (__________) learning English.
(二)替代性省略
在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来替代省略的上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
①—Can you finish your work today
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think so.
——我认为能。
—I don't think so./I think not.
——我认为不能。
②—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they
—I guess not.
——男孩们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？
——我猜是没做好。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①—Is he feeling better today
—__________________ (我恐怕他没有好转)．
②—Tom was injured, or he would have won the race.
—______________ (我认为如此)．
(三)动词不定式的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question)．
如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．某些使役动词，如：make, let, have等和感官动词，如：see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态时，则to不能省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.
我们经常听见她在教室里唱一首英文歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
He likes to swim more than (to) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.
他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
4．介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
5．当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)．
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
[名师点津] 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留have或be。类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
He didn't come, but he ought to have.
他没来，但他应该来。
—Are you a physician
—No，but I used to be (a physician)．
——你是个内科医生吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
[对点练] (按要求填序号)
①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
⑤My mother wouldn't let me to go to see the film.
(1)以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：__________。
(2)不能省略的是：__________。
二、句法上的省略
(一)简单句中的省略
1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句或其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
(You) Want a hand？ 需要帮忙吗？
(I) Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。
(It)Doesn't matter. 没关系。
2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao
—I don't know (her)．
——你认识高女士吗？
——不认识。
3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(You come) This way, please.
请走这边。
(Have you) Got any ink
你有墨水吗？
[对点练] (用省略结构完成下列句子)
①_______________， or you will get punished.
遵守规则，否则你会受到惩罚。
②John is a lawyer, and __________________.
约翰是律师，他的妻子是教师。
③I like red wine __________________.
我喜欢红葡萄酒胜过白葡萄酒。
④__________________ about the plan
对这个计划有什么想法吗？
(二)并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1．省略共同的主语或宾语。
2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I ran like crazy through the airport building and (I) jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
我疯狂地跑过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了第一辆出租车。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid)．
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
[对点练] (写出下列句中可以省略的部分)
①Let's do the dishes.I'll wash the dishes and you'll dry the dishes.________________
②He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.________________
③My friend didn't come to school, but I wonder why he didn't come to school.________________
(三)复合句中的省略
1．状语从句的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it, 并且又含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be 动词。
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when (digital texts, audio and video are) providing resources not available in print.
数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是当(数字文本、音频和视频)无法提供可利用的印刷资源时。
Will you be free this Sunday？If (it is) so, let's go camping.
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
2．定语从句的省略
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时，可以省略关系代词。
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) ...but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages (that/which) I can leaf through with my fingers.
……但是我很守旧，更喜欢硬皮的封面和可以用手指翻阅的书页。
3．宾语从句的省略
宾语从句中一般可以省略that，但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
He said (that) the diagram was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这个图表很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
[对点练]
(1)把下列句子改为省略句
①If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→______________， I hope you will have a wonderful time.
②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild __________________.
(2)写出下列句子中可以省略的部分
①Among many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.__________
②Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.__________
③Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.__________
④She didn't go to school yesterday.I don't know why she didn't go to school yesterday.________________
Ⅰ.同义句转换(改为省略句)
1．He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need if it is possible.
→He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need ______________.
2．The employees just did the work as they were told.
→The employees just did the work ____________________.
3．This meeting is successful than it was expected.
→This meeting is successful ____________.
4．While I was reading a book, I heard a knock on the door.
→____________________， I heard a knock on the door.
5．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn that she got from the iron was red and __________________.
6．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but __________________.
7．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.
→John will go abroad to travel but ____________________.
8．If it is so, I hope you will get well soon.
→________________， I hope you will get well soon.
Ⅱ.根据括号内的汉语提示用省略结构补全短文
Mom was in the kitchen.She talked ①________________________________ (当准备他们的晚饭时)．She said to Tom, “②____________________ (当心车辆) when crossing the street.” ③____________________ (如果有必要的话), she let Tom wait for a while.However, Tom didn't respond.She hurriedly left the room ④______________ (好像生气了)．Seeing this, Tom felt sorry and ⑤______________ (害怕), so he ran to Mom apologizing to her.
Section Ⅳ
学案中理清
一、(一)[对点练] ①at ②on ③in
(二)[对点练] ①I'm afraid not ②I think so
(三)[对点练] (1)②⑤ (2)①③④
二、(一)[对点练] ①Obey the rules ②his wife a teacher
③better than white ④Got any idea
(二)[对点练] ①wash和dry后的the dishes ②he
③he didn't come to school
(三)[对点练] (1)①If so ②as in Guangzhou (2)①which
②that ③that ④she didn't go to school yesterday
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.if possible 2.as told 3.than expected
4．While reading a book 5.very painful 6.most haven't
7．his brother will not 8.If so
Ⅱ.①while preparing their supper ②Look out for cars
③If necessary ④as if angry ⑤frightened
1 / 7(共82张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 录
语法项目——省略
课时跟踪检测
语法项目——省略
①(You) Believe yourself
Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if ②(they were) the same person.Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn't ③(win the first place)．Peter felt sad one day.
When ④(he was) asked why he was so sad, he said he had been robbed of the opportunity of going abroad.Peter determined to spend nearly half of his summer holiday ⑤(in) studying English.Their parents believe if Peter worked as hard as Tom ⑥(worked), he would do as well as his brother ⑦(did) in his study.And their parents suggest that they ⑧(should) finish their homework before playing computer games.Not surprisingly, Peter succeeded.It's worth mentioning that ⑨were it not for the support of the teachers, Peter could not overcome his difficulty.
[语法入门]
①祈使句中常省略主语；
②④as if/when引导状语从句，主从句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略；
③⑥⑦while或as ...as ...连接两个并列分句时，若主语不同，但主要动词相同，则可省略后面句子中的主要动词；
⑤介词的省略；
⑧suggest意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用“should＋do”，should可以省略；
⑨if虚拟条件句中，省略if时，句子需倒装。
在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出，常常省略句中的一个或多个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。
一、词法上的省略
(一)介词的省略
1．一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
spend some time (in) doing sth.
stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.
2．表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.
除了星期天外，我们每天都去上学。
[对点练] (补全下列句子中省略的介词)
①It was quite light and ( ) any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats ( ) that night.
③I have some trouble ( ) learning English.
at
on
in
(二)替代性省略
在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来替代省略的上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
①—Can you finish your work today
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think so.
——我认为能。
—I don't think so./I think not.
——我认为不能。
②—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they
—I guess not.
——男孩们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？
——我猜是没做好。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①—Is he feeling better today
— (我恐怕他没有好转)．
②—Tom was injured, or he would have won the race.
— (我认为如此)．
I'm afraid not
I think so
(三)动词不定式的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question)．
如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．某些使役动词，如：make, let, have等和感官动词，如：see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态时，则to不能省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.
我们经常听见她在教室里唱一首英文歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
He likes to swim more than (to) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.
他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
4．介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
5．当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)．
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
[名师点津] 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留have或be。类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
He didn't come, but he ought to have.
他没来，但他应该来。
—Are you a physician
—No，but I used to be (a physician)．
——你是个内科医生吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
[对点练] (按要求填序号)
①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
⑤My mother wouldn't let me to go to see the film.
(1)以上句子中，加蓝部分应省略的是：______。
(2)不能省略的是：_________。
②⑤
①③④
二、句法上的省略
(一)简单句中的省略
1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句或其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
(You) Want a hand
需要帮忙吗？
(I) Beg your pardon.
请再说一遍。
(It)Doesn't matter.
没关系。
2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao
—I don't know (her)．
——你认识高女士吗？
——不认识。
3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(You come) This way, please.
请走这边。
(Have you) Got any ink
你有墨水吗？
[对点练] (用省略结构完成下列句子)
① , or you will get punished.
遵守规则，否则你会受到惩罚。
②John is a lawyer, and .
约翰是律师，他的妻子是教师。
Obey the rules
his wife a teacher
③I like red wine .
我喜欢红葡萄酒胜过白葡萄酒。
④ about the plan
对这个计划有什么想法吗？
better than white
Got any idea
(二)并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1．省略共同的主语或宾语。
2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I ran like crazy through the airport building and (I) jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
我疯狂地跑过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了第一辆出租车。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid)．
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
[对点练] (写出下列句中可以省略的部分)
①Let's do the dishes.I'll wash the dishes and you'll dry the dishes.________________________
②He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.____
③My friend didn't come to school, but I wonder why he didn't come to school._____________________
wash和dry后的the dishes
he
he didn't come to school
(三)复合句中的省略
1．状语从句的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it, 并且又含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be 动词。
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when (digital texts, audio and video are) providing resources not available in print.
数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是当(数字文本、音频和视频)无法提供可利用的印刷资源时。
Will you be free this Sunday？If (it is) so, let's go camping.
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
2．定语从句的省略
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时，可以省略关系代词。
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) ...but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages (that/which) I can leaf through with my fingers.
……但是我很守旧，更喜欢硬皮的封面和可以用手指翻阅的书页。
3．宾语从句的省略
宾语从句中一般可以省略that，但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
He said (that) the diagram was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这个图表很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
[对点练]
(1)把下列句子改为省略句
①If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→ , I hope you will have a wonderful time.
②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild .
If so
as in Guangzhou
(2)写出下列句子中可以省略的部分
①Among many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog._______
②Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.______
③Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.______
④She didn't go to school yesterday.I don't know why she didn't go to school yesterday._____________________________
which
that
that
she didn't go to school yesterday
Ⅰ.同义句转换(改为省略句)
1．He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need if it is possible.
→He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need .
2．The employees just did the work as they were told.
→The employees just did the work .
if possible
as told
3．This meeting is successful than it was expected.
→This meeting is successful .
4．While I was reading a book, I heard a knock on the door.
→ , I heard a knock on the door.
5．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn that she got from the iron was red and .
than expected
While reading a book
very painful
6．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but .
most haven't
7．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.
→John will go abroad to travel but .
8．If it is so, I hope you will get well soon.
→ , I hope you will get well soon.
his brother will not
If so
Ⅱ.根据括号内的汉语提示用省略结构补全短文
Mom was in the kitchen.She talked ① (当准备他们的晚饭时)．She said to Tom, “② (当心车辆) when crossing the street.” ③ (如果有必要的话), she let Tom wait for a while.However, Tom didn't respond.She hurriedly left the room ④ (好像生气了)．Seeing this, Tom felt sorry and ⑤__________ (害怕), so he ran to Mom apologizing to her.
while preparing their supper
Look out for cars
If necessary
as if angry
frightened
Ⅰ.阅读理解
“A library card was the first thing that I had ever owned here，” says Razmyar, who arrived in Finland as a refugee (难民). Unable to speak the language, and trying to make sense of the new city, she was surprised to be given a library card that would let her read books for free. “I still have that library card in my wallet today in honor of the privilege(特殊待遇) presented to a refugee by a foreign land，” she says.
课时跟踪检测
Today, Razmyar is a key official of Finland, and plans to build a new central library called Oodi. She is not alone in her love for libraries. The country's 5.5 million people borrow about 68 million books a year.
While libraries worldwide are facing budget(预算) cuts, a decline in users and closing down, Finland is bucking the trend. The UK spends just ￡14.40 per head on libraries. But Finland spends ￡50.50 per head to satisfy citizens' needs. While more than 478 libraries have closed in the UK since 2010, Helsinki, a city in Finland, is spending 98 million creating a huge new one.
Why are Finland's city libraries growing 84% of the country's population is urban, and libraries are vital places for socializing. Besides, while many libraries worldwide provide Internet access and other services, libraries here have expanded to lending e-publications, sports equipment, and other things of occasional use.
And Oodi will offer more since people need places to meet, work, and develop their digital skills. It has been designed to give citizens a free space to actively do what they want to do. Its design is certainly exciting. However, the most impressive thing is that the project is such a costly one that it will cost the citizens a huge sum of money, but it has not been controversial (有争议的). “They're excited about it across the board，” says architect director Harris. “It will be important to daily life here in Helsinki.”
Oodi is more than a monument to citizens' pride. As part of Finland's celebration of a century of independence, the library is not merely a place to store books. “I think Finland could not have given a better gift to the people. It symbolizes the significance of learning and education, which have been fundamental reasons for Finland's development and success，” says Razmyar.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了芬兰把图书馆建设作为教育和学习的重要手段，这一手段为芬兰的发展奠定了坚实的基础。
1．Why has Razmyar kept the library card with her for so long
A．To show her loyalty to her motherland.
B．To remind her of the importance of libraries.
C．To remind her to help more refugees from abroad.
D．To show her appreciation for Finland's kindness.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据首段中的“‘I still have that library card in my wallet ...by a foreign land’”可知，拉孜穆亚保留图书卡是为了纪念自己在芬兰所享有的特殊待遇，表达自己对这一待遇的感激之情。
2．What does the underlined word “bucking” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Explaining. B．Considering.
C．Going against. D．Setting aside.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的首句可知，世界上其他国家的图书馆建设的预算在缩减，while表示转折关系，所以画线单词表示与这种趋势相反。
√
3．About the library Oodi, what amazes the author most
A．Its success in earning Finnish citizens' support.
B．Its unusual architecture designed by Harris.
C．Its important role in people's future life.
D．Its huge construction costs.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, the most impressive thing ...but it has not been controversial (有争议的)．”可知，在图书馆建设费用超高的情况下，芬兰人竟然毫无争议地同意了。
4．Which of the following statements might Razmyar agree with
A．Finland should pick up better gifts for people.
B．Finland tries hard to promote its public education.
C．Libraries play an important role in Finland's development.
D．Libraries make Finland a much more independent country.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think Finland could not have given a better gift to the people ...reasons for Finland's development and success” 可知，图书馆在芬兰的发展中扮演着重要的角色。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Around 2,000 years ago, ancient Chinese divided the sun's annual circular motion into 24 equal segments, each segment was called a “Solar Term”．Each solar term 5 a unique period of a year.But have you ever heard the term — “Hui Nantian”， a unique meteorological (气象) 6 that occurs 7 in southern China This term, which translates to “the return of the south wind”， encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift that not only 8 the weather patterns, but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.
“Hui Nantian” occurs during the 9 from winter to spring, when the cold, dry air of winter 10 the warm, damp air of the south.This change is not merely a meteorological shift; it's a cultural event.People in the southern China anticipate “Hui Nantian” with a 11 of excitement and caution.
On the one hand, it signals the end of winter and the 12 of spring, a time of renewal and rebirth.On the other hand, the 13 humidity and dampness can present challenges, especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings and 14 personal items.In Chinese culture, “Hui Nantian” is often associated with traditional practices and beliefs.It also reflects the importance of respect for 15 and traditional values in Chinese culture.In addition, it is also connected with the concept of “harmony with nature”. This belief encourages people to live in harmony with the natural world and respect the 16 of nature, such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy.
By 17 these natural rhythms, it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony, which is essential for leading a healthy and 18 life.Overall, “Hui Nantian” shows a blend of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that are unique to Chinese culture.These practices not only serve to preserve the cultural heritage of China but also 19 harmony and balance in people's lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南方特有的气象现象“回南天”，它标志着冬春季节转换，影响天气、生活及文化习俗，体现了人与自然和谐共处的传统理念。
5．A.reviewed B．represented
C．regained D．researched
解析：根据空后“a unique period of a year”可知，每个节气象征或代表着一年中的特定时期。故选B。
√
6．A.phenomenon B．view
C．landscape D．opinion
解析：根据下文“This term, which translates to ‘the return of the south wind’， encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift”可知，“回南天”是一种气象现象(phenomenon)，故选A。
√
7．A.hardly B．seldom
C．primarily D．never
解析：根据空后“in southern China”以及常识可知，“回南天”主要(primarily)出现在中国南方。故选C。
√
8．A.maintains B．remains
C．changes D．keeps
解析：根据上文“This term, which translates to ‘the return of the south wind’， encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift”可知，“回南天”引起的是天气模式的变化 (changes)。故选C。
√
9．A.transportation B．show
C．transplant D．shift
解析：根据上文“a seasonal shift”以及空后“from winter to spring”可知，“回南天”发生在季节的变换中。故选D。
√
10．A.gives out B．gives up
C．gives off D．gives way to
解析：根据空前“when the cold, dry air of winter”以及空后的“the warm, damp air of the south”可知，这里描述冬季到春季的气候变化，寒冷干燥的空气被温暖潮湿的空气取代。give out“分发”；give up“放弃”； give off“发出”；give way to“让位给”。故选D。
√
11．A.result B．force
C．mix D．power
解析：根据上文“This change is not merely a meteorological shift; it's a cultural event.”以及空后的“of excitement and caution”可知，此处指人们对“回南天”是一种情绪的混合(mix)，既兴奋又警惕，故选C。
√
12．A.end B．approach
C．warmth D．beauty
解析：根据上文“On the one hand, it signals the end of winter”可知，“回南天”指冬天的结束，也就意味着春天的到来(approach)。故选B。
√
13．A.decreased B．lost
C．increased D．regained
解析：根据空后“humidity and dampness”可知，回南天的特点是湿度增加。故选C。
√
14．A.arriving B．preserving
C．serving D．approving
解析：根据上文“especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings”可知，增加的湿度给物品的保存带来挑战，所以这里指保存(preserving)个人物品，防止受潮。故选B。
√
15．A.ancestors B．wealth
C．harvest D．descendants
解析：根据空前“It also reflects the importance of respect”以及文化背景可知，“回南天”是对祖先和传统文化价值的尊重。 ancestor“祖先”；wealth“财富”；harvest“收获”；descendant“后代”。故选A。
√
16．A.circles B．return
C．power D．cycles
解析：根据下文“such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy”可知，这里指的是顺应自然，尊重自然界的周期循环(cycles)，如季节更替和能量流动。故选D。
√
17．A.following B．keeping
C．noticing D．staying
解析：根据空后“it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony”可知，此处指要遵循(following)自然规律，就可以达到内心的平静与和谐。故选A。
√
18．A.brilliant B．unforgettable
C．necessary D．satisfying
解析：根据空前“which is essential for leading a healthy”可知，内心平静与和谐对于健康和令人满意的(satisfying)生活是重要的。故选D。
√
19．A.protect B．promote
C．preview D．predict
解析：根据上文“‘Hui Nantian’ shows a blend of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that are unique to Chinese culture.”可知，这里指传统习俗和文化在人们生活中起到的积极作用，促进(promote)人们生活的和谐与平衡，故选B。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Hot pot, as a traditional Chinese folk dish， 1 (become) a favorite dish throughout China since at least the Han Dynasty, 2 is particularly true during winter months.There are different 3 (style) of hot pot with differently flavored thick soup in China, from spicy hot pot in Sichuan, seafood-based hot pot in Guangdong to mutton hot pot in Hong Kong.No matter what your 4 (prefer) is, Chinese hot pot has something to interest you.
The spicy hot pot featured in Sichuan is probably the most famous among the native Chinese.When 5 (visit) Chongqing, you will have 6 opportunity to taste authentic (真正的) Chinese hot pot. Chongqing hot pot is known as má là (“numb and spicy”) due 7 the inclusion of Sichuan peppers and is unique in the types of meat and the types of sauce 8 (use) for its base.
Though the flavor of Chinese hot pot varies from region to region, the dining customs are similar.Hot pot is 9 (typical) served in a metal bowl at the center of the dining table.As the soup in the pot is cooked at almost boiling point, the ingredients (原料) 10 (add) into the boiling thick soup.The ingredients can vary from thinly-sliced meat, vegetables, mushrooms, potatoes, and cabbage, to seafood, fish balls and tofu.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火锅这一中国的传统民间美食。
1．has become 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since at least the Han Dynasty”可知，主句应用现在完成时；且主语Hot pot为单数，故填has become。
2．which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。
3．styles 考查名词复数。根据空前的形容词“different”及谓语动词“are”可知，此处应用可数名词style的复数形式。故填styles。
4．preference 考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，空处应用名词形式。故填preference。
5．visiting 考查非谓语动词。空处应填非谓语动词与when构成时间状语，visit和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填visiting。
6．an 考查冠词。opportunity“机会”是可数名词，此处泛指“一次机会”，且opportunity的读音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。
7．to 考查介词。此处是固定搭配due to，意为“由于”。故填to。
8．used 考查非谓语动词。空处应用非谓语动词；动词use与其逻辑主语“sauce”之间构成被动关系，应用其过去分词作后置定语，指“用作其底料的酱料类型”。故填used。
9．typically 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰动词“served”。故填typically。
10．are added 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为主句谓语动词，主语“the ingredients”与动词add之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态；且上文时态为一般现在时，所以此处也应用一般现在时；主语the ingredient是复数。故填are added。UNIT 3 课时检测(四) Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
“A library card was the first thing that I had ever owned here，” says Razmyar, who arrived in Finland as a refugee (难民). Unable to speak the language, and trying to make sense of the new city, she was surprised to be given a library card that would let her read books for free. “I still have that library card in my wallet today in honor of the privilege(特殊待遇) presented to a refugee by a foreign land，” she says.
Today, Razmyar is a key official of Finland, and plans to build a new central library called Oodi. She is not alone in her love for libraries. The country's 5.5 million people borrow about 68 million books a year.
While libraries worldwide are facing budget(预算) cuts, a decline in users and closing down, Finland is bucking the trend. The UK spends just ￡14.40 per head on libraries. But Finland spends ￡50.50 per head to satisfy citizens' needs. While more than 478 libraries have closed in the UK since 2010, Helsinki, a city in Finland, is spending 98 million creating a huge new one.
Why are Finland's city libraries growing 84% of the country's population is urban, and libraries are vital places for socializing. Besides, while many libraries worldwide provide Internet access and other services, libraries here have expanded to lending e publications, sports equipment, and other things of occasional use.
And Oodi will offer more since people need places to meet, work, and develop their digital skills. It has been designed to give citizens a free space to actively do what they want to do. Its design is certainly exciting. However, the most impressive thing is that the project is such a costly one that it will cost the citizens a huge sum of money, but it has not been controversial (有争议的). “They're excited about it across the board，” says architect director Harris. “It will be important to daily life here in Helsinki.”
Oodi is more than a monument to citizens' pride. As part of Finland's celebration of a century of independence, the library is not merely a place to store books. “I think Finland could not have given a better gift to the people. It symbolizes the significance of learning and education, which have been fundamental reasons for Finland's development and success，” says Razmyar.
1．Why has Razmyar kept the library card with her for so long
A．To show her loyalty to her motherland.
B．To remind her of the importance of libraries.
C．To remind her to help more refugees from abroad.
D．To show her appreciation for Finland's kindness.
2．What does the underlined word “bucking” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Explaining. B．Considering.
C．Going against. D．Setting aside.
3．About the library Oodi, what amazes the author most
A．Its success in earning Finnish citizens' support.
B．Its unusual architecture designed by Harris.
C．Its important role in people's future life.
D．Its huge construction costs.
4．Which of the following statements might Razmyar agree with
A．Finland should pick up better gifts for people.
B．Finland tries hard to promote its public education.
C．Libraries play an important role in Finland's development.
D．Libraries make Finland a much more independent country.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Around 2,000 years ago, ancient Chinese divided the sun's annual circular motion into 24 equal segments, each segment was called a “Solar Term”．Each solar term __5__ a unique period of a year.But have you ever heard the term — “Hui Nantian”， a unique meteorological (气象) __6__ that occurs __7__ in southern China This term, which translates to “the return of the south wind”， encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift that not only __8__ the weather patterns, but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.
“Hui Nantian” occurs during the __9__ from winter to spring, when the cold, dry air of winter __10__ the warm, damp air of the south.This change is not merely a meteorological shift; it's a cultural event.People in the southern China anticipate “Hui Nantian” with a __11__ of excitement and caution.
On the one hand, it signals the end of winter and the __12__ of spring, a time of renewal and rebirth.On the other hand, the __13__ humidity and dampness can present challenges, especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings and __14__ personal items.In Chinese culture, “Hui Nantian” is often associated with traditional practices and beliefs.It also reflects the importance of respect for __15__ and traditional values in Chinese culture.In addition, it is also connected with the concept of “harmony with nature”. This belief encourages people to live in harmony with the natural world and respect the __16__ of nature, such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy.
By __17__ these natural rhythms, it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony, which is essential for leading a healthy and __18__ life.Overall, “Hui Nantian” shows a blend of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that are unique to Chinese culture.These practices not only serve to preserve the cultural heritage of China but also __19__ harmony and balance in people's lives.,5.A.reviewed B．represented
C．regained D．researched
6．A.phenomenon B．view
C．landscape D．opinion
7．A.hardly B．seldom
C．primarily D．never
8．A.maintains B．remains
C．changes D．keeps
9．A.transportation B．show
C．transplant D．shift
10．A.gives out B．gives up
C．gives off D．gives way to
11．A.result B．force
C．mix D．power
12．A.end B．approach
C．warmth D．beauty
13．A.decreased B．lost
C．increased D．regained
14．A.arriving B．preserving
C．serving D．approving
15．A.ancestors B．wealth
C．harvest D．descendants
16．A.circles B．return
C．power D．cycles
17．A.following B．keeping
C．noticing D．staying
18．A.brilliant B．unforgettable
C．necessary D．satisfying
19．A.protect B．promote
C．preview D．predict
Ⅲ.语法填空
Hot pot, as a traditional Chinese folk dish，__1__ (become) a favorite dish throughout China since at least the Han Dynasty, __2__ is particularly true during winter months.There are different __3__ (style) of hot pot with differently flavored thick soup in China, from spicy hot pot in Sichuan, seafood based hot pot in Guangdong to mutton hot pot in Hong Kong.No matter what your __4__ (prefer) is, Chinese hot pot has something to interest you.
The spicy hot pot featured in Sichuan is probably the most famous among the native Chinese.When__5__ (visit) Chongqing, you will have __6__ opportunity to taste authentic (真正的) Chinese hot pot.Chongqing hot pot is known as má là (“numb and spicy”) due __7__ the inclusion of Sichuan peppers and is unique in the types of meat and the types of sauce __8__ (use) for its base.
Though the flavor of Chinese hot pot varies from region to region, the dining customs are similar.Hot pot is__9__ (typical) served in a metal bowl at the center of the dining table.As the soup in the pot is cooked at almost boiling point, the ingredients (原料) __10__ (add) into the boiling thick soup.The ingredients can vary from thinly sliced meat, vegetables, mushrooms, potatoes, and cabbage, to seafood, fish balls and tofu.
UNIT 3 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了芬兰把图书馆建设作为教育和学习的重要手段，这一手段为芬兰的发展奠定了坚实的基础。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据首段中的“‘I still have that library card in my wallet ...by a foreign land’”可知，拉孜穆亚保留图书卡是为了纪念自己在芬兰所享有的特殊待遇，表达自己对这一待遇的感激之情。
2．选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的首句可知，世界上其他国家的图书馆建设的预算在缩减，while表示转折关系，所以画线单词表示与这种趋势相反。
3．选A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, the most impressive thing ...but it has not been controversial (有争议的)．”可知，在图书馆建设费用超高的情况下，芬兰人竟然毫无争议地同意了。
4．选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think Finland could not have given a better gift to the people ...reasons for Finland's development and success” 可知，图书馆在芬兰的发展中扮演着重要的角色。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南方特有的气象现象“回南天”，它标志着冬春季节转换，影响天气、生活及文化习俗，体现了人与自然和谐共处的传统理念。
5．选B 根据空后“a unique period of a year”可知，每个节气象征或代表着一年中的特定时期。故选B。
6．选A 根据下文“This term, which translates to ‘the return of the south wind’， encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift”可知，“回南天”是一种气象现象(phenomenon)，故选A。
7．选C 根据空后“in southern China”以及常识可知，“回南天”主要(primarily)出现在中国南方。故选C。
8．选C 根据上文“This term, which translates to ‘the return of the south wind’， encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift”可知，“回南天”引起的是天气模式的变化 (changes)。故选C。
9．选D 根据上文“a seasonal shift”以及空后“from winter to spring”可知，“回南天”发生在季节的变换中。故选D。
10．选D 根据空前“when the cold, dry air of winter”以及空后的“the warm, damp air of the south”可知，这里描述冬季到春季的气候变化，寒冷干燥的空气被温暖潮湿的空气取代。give out“分发”；give up“放弃”； give off“发出”；give way to“让位给”。故选D。
11．选C 根据上文“This change is not merely a meteorological shift; it's a cultural event.”以及空后的“of excitement and caution”可知，此处指人们对“回南天”是一种情绪的混合(mix)，既兴奋又警惕，故选C。
12．选B 根据上文“On the one hand, it signals the end of winter”可知，“回南天”指冬天的结束，也就意味着春天的到来(approach)。故选B。
13．选C 根据空后“humidity and dampness”可知，回南天的特点是湿度增加。故选C。
14．选B 根据上文“especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings”可知，增加的湿度给物品的保存带来挑战，所以这里指保存(preserving)个人物品，防止受潮。故选B。
15．选A 根据空前“It also reflects the importance of respect”以及文化背景可知，“回南天”是对祖先和传统文化价值的尊重。 ancestor“祖先”；wealth“财富”；harvest“收获”；descendant“后代”。故选A。
16．选D 根据下文“such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy”可知，这里指的是顺应自然，尊重自然界的周期循环(cycles)，如季节更替和能量流动。故选D。
17．选A 根据空后“it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony”可知，此处指要遵循(following)自然规律，就可以达到内心的平静与和谐。故选A。
18．选D 根据空前“which is essential for leading a healthy”可知，内心平静与和谐对于健康和令人满意的(satisfying)生活是重要的。故选D。
19．选B 根据上文“‘Hui Nantian’ shows a blend of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that are unique to Chinese culture.”可知，这里指传统习俗和文化在人们生活中起到的积极作用，促进(promote)人们生活的和谐与平衡，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火锅这一中国的传统民间美食。
1．has become 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since at least the Han Dynasty”可知，主句应用现在完成时；且主语Hot pot为单数，故填has become。
2．which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。
3．styles 考查名词复数。根据空前的形容词“different”及谓语动词“are”可知，此处应用可数名词style的复数形式。故填styles。
4．preference 考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，空处应用名词形式。故填preference。
5．visiting 考查非谓语动词。空处应填非谓语动词与when构成时间状语，visit和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填visiting。
6．an 考查冠词。opportunity“机会”是可数名词，此处泛指“一次机会”，且opportunity的读音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。
7．to 考查介词。此处是固定搭配due to，意为“由于”。故填to。
8．used 考查非谓语动词。空处应用非谓语动词；动词use与其逻辑主语“sauce”之间构成被动关系，应用其过去分词作后置定语，指“用作其底料的酱料类型”。故填used。
9．typically 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰动词“served”。故填typically。
10．are added 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为主句谓语动词，主语“the ingredients”与动词add之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态；且上文时态为一般现在时，所以此处也应用一般现在时；主语the ingredient是复数。故填are added。
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