Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
语法项目——情态动词与过去将来时
Three years ago, when the College Entrance Examination would come① in three months, I was under great pressure.
Once, because I stayed up late at night, I should fall asleep② in class.My parents would comfort me③ when I didn't do well in the exam.Gradually, I could adjust myself④ .When I went into the examination room, my mother cheered me on.She said, “May you succeed⑤ , boy！”
[语法入门]
①would come表示过去将来时。
②should fall asleep中should表示惊讶。
③would comfort me中would表示习惯性动作。
④could adjust myself 中could表示“能；会”。
⑤May you succeed中may 表示祝愿。
一、情态动词的意义和用法
|自主感知|
①(教材典句)Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could live a month in London.
②(教材典句)May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are
③You must finish your homework this afternoon.
④(教材典句) Now if you'll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
⑤I promise I will do my best to provide the best service for the Asian Games.
⑥You needn't come here this afternoon.
⑦How dare you say I'm unfair
⑧She can't have been to your house; she doesn't know your address.
[我的发现]
①句中的could表示__________。
②句中的may表示__________。
③句中的must表示__________。
④句中的ought to 表示__________。
⑤句中的will表示__________。
⑥句中的need表示__________。
⑦句中的dare表示__________。
⑧句中的can't have done表示________________。
|规则点拨|
(一)情态动词的概念及特征
情态动词是一种本身有一定的意义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare, shall (should), will (would)等。
情态动词有以下特征：
1．在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, might等几个过去式，其他情态动词如 must，ought to 等的过去式皆与一般式同形。
2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如 can可以表达“能力；可能；许可”等。
3．在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语。
(二)can与could的用法
1．can与could表示能力，意为“能；会”。
2．can与could表示请求和许可(could用来表示请求时，语气更委婉，回答时一般用 can)。
3．can与could用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时会；(有时)可能会”。
4．can与could表示可能性，用于表示把握比较大的推测，常用于疑问句和否定句中，can't/couldn't表示“不可能”。
Could you offer me a job here
You can't open it until two o'clock.
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社)．
I saw her go out just now.She can't be at home now.
[对点练]
(根据句意填入适当的情态动词或其否定式)
①That __________ be Mary, for she is in hospital.
②__________ you please do me a favor
③You __________ tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
④—Can this book be yours
—No, it __________ be mine.It must be his.
(三)may与might的用法
1．may与might在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以”。
2．may与might在疑问句中用于征求许可(might表示的语气更委婉)。
3．may与might表示推测，意为“可能；或许”。
4．may 用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。构成句型：
May＋you/n.＋动词原形＋其他……
You may keep the book for two weeks.
Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!
May you be happy forever!
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
[对点练]
(1)根据句意填入适当的情态动词
①They often run at high speeds, which ______ put our lives in danger.
②He __________ have been to some of those places, but I am not sure.
③__________ I have a look at your new computer
(2)完成句子
④Sometimes to use examples to explain abstract concepts ______________________.
有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。
(四)must与have to的用法
1．must表示义务、命令等，意为“必须”。强调说话人的主观态度。
2．must其否定形式为 mustn't，意为“不许；禁止”。
3．对以 must 开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用 don't have to/needn't (不必，没必要)。
4．must表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。只用于肯定句。
5．must表示与说话人的愿望相反或不耐烦，意为“偏偏；偏要”。
6．have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，强调客观上的必要性。
You mustn't smoke here.
—Must I tell him in advance
—No, you don't have to/needn't.
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
Must you make so much noise
You have to be back before 10 o'clock because the train is to leave at 10：05.
[对点练]
(选词填空：must/mustn't/don't have to)
①You __________ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
②The new law states that people __________ drive after drinking alcohol.
③You ______________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
④John, look at the time.__________ you play the piano at such a late hour
(五)shall与should/ought to的用法
1．shall表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示，用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。
2．shall表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。
3．should/ought to表示责任与义务，意为“应该；应当”；ought to 语气更强。
4．should表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测，意为“应该会；可能”。
5．should 表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事，意为“竟然”。
—Shall I turn down the radio a bit
—Yes, please./No, please don't.
It is strange that he should not pass so easy an exam.
You shall do as I tell you.
(2024·全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place
[对点练] (选词填空：shall/should/ought to)
①In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we ______________ seek help from those we trust most.
②—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry.You __________ have it by Friday.
③It's strange that he __________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
(六)will/would的用法
1．will 表示现在的“意愿”，would 表示过去的“意愿”。
2．will/would表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称疑问句中，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
3．will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总会；老是”；would 表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn't listen.
Will/Would you pass me the book
(2024·全国甲卷)Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.
(2024·全国甲卷)As always my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
[对点练] (选词填空：will/would)
①I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
②—Daddy, can you buy me a new iPad when you go to Beijing
—You ______________ get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.
③I was worried that our 15 month old boy ____________ fall into the creek (小溪)．
(七)need, dare与had better的用法
1．need 表示必要性，意为“需要”，dare 表示“敢于”。
2．need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化，疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时要用needn't或don't have to。
3．need 和 dare用作实义动词时，有词形变化。need在肯定句中，其后接带to的不定式；在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。dare其后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to 的不定式。
4．had better表示“应该，最好”，无人称和时态的变化。其否定形式为had better not。
(2024·全国甲卷)I am grateful that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did.
He doesn't dare (to) answer.
—Need you go now
—Yes, we must./No, we needn't.
Oh, no, you'd better not open it.
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better __________ (keep) this card at hand.
②He dares ______________ (challenge) all kinds of difficulties.
③My room is in a mess, but I needn't ______ (clean) it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
④—Need I hand in the application now
—Yes, you _________./No, you _________.
(八)情态动词＋have done
情态动词可以与实义动词的完成式合用，表示对过去发生的动作的推测。情态动词的完成式常分为以下两种情况：
(1)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done “(过去)一定做了”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句
may/might have done “(过去)可能做了”，语气不确定，用于肯定句和否定句
can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定
(2)表示与过去事实相反
could have done 过去本可以做但实际上没做
needn't have done 过去本不必做但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做但实际上没做
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做但实际上做了
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
She is late.She may have missed the bus.
Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday.
[对点练] (完成句子)
①—Sorry, Mum！I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad.You ________________ full preparations.
——对不起，妈妈！我这次工作面试又失败了。
——哦，真是太糟糕了。你本该做好充分准备的。
②My book is missing.Who _____________ it
我的书不见了。谁有可能拿走它了呢？
③Look what you've done! You ______________________ the experiment more carefully.
看你都做了什么！你本应该更仔细地做这个实验。
④You __________________ them what had happened between us.
你本不必告诉他们我们之间发生了什么事。
⑤You __________________ the exam early, but you were so careless as to make so many mistakes.
你本来能早点通过考试，但你那么粗心，以致犯这么多错误。
二、过去将来时
|自主感知|
①I thought he wouldn't attend the evening party, but to my surprise he came.
②I told her I would return the book in a few days.
[我的发现]
①②句中主句的时态均为一般过去时，且都含有宾语从句，从句的时态为______________。
②句中的时间状语为 ______________。
|规则点拨|
(一)过去将来时的概念和用法
过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
1．过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为一般过去时态的宾语从句中。
2．过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day, soon, in＋一段时间等。
Another said he would give half of all his money to the government to help poor people.
Mother promised that she would take me to Beijing the next year.
(二)过去将来时的表达方式
1．“would/should do”构成过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。should主要用于第一人称；would可用于各种人称。
2．“was/were going to do”表示说话者主观打算做某事，或客观迹象表明即将发生某事，还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。
3．“was/were to do”表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
4．“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，一般不与表示将来的具体的时间连用。
5．was/were doing表示过去将来时时，仅用于come, go, leave, arrive, start, take off等趋向性动词(短语)。
Hey, Timmy. I was going to call you.But now that you are here, I don't have to.
The press conference was to be held next week.
She said she was just about to ask you the same thing.
David told us he was leaving for Shanghai next week.
[对点练] (完成句子)
①上周他答应要来的，可到现在还没到。(would do)
Last week ____________________________， but he hasn't arrived until now.
②你打算给我你的地址的，可是你没给。(be going to)
____________________________________， but you didn't.
③格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷了。(be doing)
Mr Green ______________________ Hawaii a few hours later.
④会议将于下周举行。(be to do)
The conference _________________________________________.
⑤我正要打开电脑电源，这时停电了。(be about to do)
______________________________________ when the electricity went off.
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．It was a problem whether they ______________________.(would do)
他们是否会支持我们是一个问题。
2．You didn't make it clear ________________________ when you grew up.(be going to)
你没有说清楚长大后要干什么。
3．The coach ____________________________ the game when the captain scored a goal.(be about to)
教练正要放弃比赛，这时队长进了一个球。
4．He ____________________________ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him. (be going to)
他本来要在会上发言，但心脏病发作使他无法发言。
5．The local government promised that the building __________________ next month. (be to do)
当地政府承诺这座建筑将在下个月竣工。
6．If we ____________________________， would you stay？(be to do)
假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成短文
Friendship is of great importance.Everyone ①______________________________________ (需要维持友谊)．In all our lives we ②________________ (不能生活) without friendship.But real friendship is not easy to come by.Jealousy ③__________________ (会破坏友谊)．Time goes by, and good friends ④________________ (可能会失去)．True friendship ⑤______________________ (必须是真诚的) and be based on the understanding of each other.A good friend ⑥________________________________ (往往会是一位好老师) to us.A good friend ⑦________________________ (应该是亲切而有耐心的)．Therefore, the more true friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves.
Ⅲ.选择合适的情态动词完成下面的对话
must, had better, should, have to, would, can't, needn't
The bell for class just rang for the second time, but Tom didn't turn up.He ①________ have arrived at school earlier because there ②__________ be a math test for the whole class that day.“I ③__________ find out what has happened to him，” thought his master teacher Mrs Green.
So she called Tom，“Hi, Tom! Why don't you come to school today？”
“My mother is ill, and I need to look after her at home.”
“Your father should be at home, so you ④_________ stay at home to take care of her.”
“But my father hasn't got back from work yet.I ⑤__________ go to school until my father gets back.”
“OK.But you ⑥____________ come here as quickly as possible, or you will ⑦________ take another test if you fail this one.”
Section Ⅳ
学案中理清
一、[我的发现]①能力 ②请求 ③命令 ④必要性 ⑤意愿
⑥必要性 ⑦敢于 ⑧对过去的否定推测
(二)[对点练] ①can't ②Could/Can ③can ④can't
(三)[对点练] ①may ②may ③Might
④might/may be helpful
(四)[对点练] ①must ②mustn't ③don't have to
④Must
(五)[对点练] ①should/ought to ②shall ③should
(六)[对点练] ①would ②will ③would
(七)[对点练] ①keep ②to challenge ③clean
④must; needn't
(八)[对点练] ①should have made ②could have taken
③ought to/should have done ④needn't have told
⑤could have passed
二、[我的发现] 过去将来时 in a few days
(二)[对点练] ①he promised that he would come
②You were going to give me your address ③was leaving for
④was to be held next week
⑤I was about to turn on the power of the computer
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.would support us 2.what you were going to do
3．was about to give up 4.was going to speak
5．was to be completed 6.were to offer you more money
Ⅱ.①needs to maintain friendship ②can't live ③will spoil friendship ④may/might be lost ⑤must be sincere
⑥can always be a good teacher
⑦should/ought to be kind and patient
Ⅲ.①should ②would ③must ④needn't ⑤can't
⑥had better ⑦have to
1 / 10(共92张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 录
语法项目——情态动词与过去将来时
课时跟踪检测
语法项目——情态动词与过去将来时
Three years ago, when the College Entrance Examination would come① in three months, I was under great pressure.
Once, because I stayed up late at night, I should fall asleep② in class.My parents would comfort me③ when I didn't do well in the exam.Gradually, I could adjust myself④ .When I went into the examination room, my mother cheered me on.She said, “May you succeed⑤ , boy！”
[语法入门]
①would come表示过去将来时。
②should fall asleep中should表示惊讶。
③would comfort me中would表示习惯性动作。
④could adjust myself 中could表示“能；会”。
⑤May you succeed中may 表示祝愿。
一、情态动词的意义和用法
|自主感知|
①(教材典句)Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London.
②(教材典句)May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are
③You must finish your homework this afternoon.
④(教材典句) Now if you'll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
⑤I promise I will do my best to provide the best service for the Asian Games.
⑥You needn't come here this afternoon.
⑦How dare you say I'm unfair
⑧She can't have been to your house; she doesn't know your address.
[我的发现]
①句中的could表示 。
②句中的may表示 。
③句中的must表示 。
④句中的ought to 表示 。
能力
请求
命令
必要性
⑤句中的will表示 。
⑥句中的need表示 。
⑦句中的dare表示 。
⑧句中的can't have done表示 。
意愿
必要性
敢于
对过去的否定推测
|规则点拨|
(一)情态动词的概念及特征
情态动词是一种本身有一定的意义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare, shall (should), will (would)等。
情态动词有以下特征：
1．在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, might等几个过去式，其他情态动词如 must，ought to 等的过去式皆与一般式同形。
2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如 can可以表达“能力；可能；许可”等。
3．在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语。
(二)can与could的用法
1．can与could表示能力，意为“能；会”。
2．can与could表示请求和许可(could用来表示请求时，语气更委婉，回答时一般用 can)。
3．can与could用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时会；(有时)可能会”。
4．can与could表示可能性，用于表示把握比较大的推测，常用于疑问句和否定句中，can't/couldn't表示“不可能”。
Could you offer me a job here
You can't open it until two o'clock.
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社)．
I saw her go out just now.She can't be at home now.
[对点练]
(根据句意填入适当的情态动词或其否定式)
①That be Mary, for she is in hospital.
② you please do me a favor
③You tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
④—Can this book be yours
—No, it be mine.It must be his.
can't
Could/Can
can
can't
(三)may与might的用法
1．may与might在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以”。
2．may与might在疑问句中用于征求许可(might表示的语气更委婉)。
3．may与might表示推测，意为“可能；或许”。
4．may 用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。构成句型：
May＋you/n.＋动词原形＋其他……
You may keep the book for two weeks.
Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!
May you be happy forever!
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
[对点练]
(1)根据句意填入适当的情态动词
①They often run at high speeds, which put our lives in danger.
②He have been to some of those places, but I am not sure.
③ I have a look at your new computer
may
may
Might
(2)完成句子
④Sometimes to use examples to explain abstract concepts .
有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。
might/may be helpful
(四)must与have to的用法
1．must表示义务、命令等，意为“必须”。强调说话人的主观态度。
2．must其否定形式为 mustn't，意为“不许；禁止”。
3．对以 must 开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用 don't have to/needn't (不必，没必要)。
4．must表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。只用于肯定句。
5．must表示与说话人的愿望相反或不耐烦，意为“偏偏；偏要”。
6．have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，强调客观上的必要性。
You mustn't smoke here.
—Must I tell him in advance
—No, you don't have to/needn't.
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
Must you make so much noise
You have to be back before 10 o'clock because the train is to leave at 10：05.
[对点练]
(选词填空：must/mustn't/don't have to)
①You be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
②The new law states that people drive after drinking alcohol.
③You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
④John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour
must
mustn't
don't have to
Must
(五)shall与should/ought to的用法
1．shall表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示，用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。
2．shall表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。
3．should/ought to表示责任与义务，意为“应该；应当”；ought to 语气更强。
4．should表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测，意为“应该会；可能”。
5．should 表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事，意为“竟然”。
—Shall I turn down the radio a bit
—Yes, please./No, please don't.
It is strange that he should not pass so easy an exam.
You shall do as I tell you.
(2024·全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place
[对点练] (选词填空：shall/should/ought to)
①In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we seek help from those we trust most.
②—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry.You have it by Friday.
③It's strange that he have taken the books without the owner's permission.
should/ought to
shall
should
(六)will/would的用法
1．will 表示现在的“意愿”，would 表示过去的“意愿”。
2．will/would表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称疑问句中，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
3．will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总会；老是”；would 表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn't listen.
Will/Would you pass me the book
(2024·全国甲卷)Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.
(2024·全国甲卷)As always my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
[对点练] (选词填空：will/would)
①I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
②—Daddy, can you buy me a new iPad when you go to Beijing
—You get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.
③I was worried that our 15-month-old boy fall into the creek (小溪)．
would
will
would
(七)need, dare与had better的用法
1．need 表示必要性，意为“需要”，dare 表示“敢于”。
2．need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化，疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时要用needn't或don't have to。
3．need 和 dare用作实义动词时，有词形变化。need在肯定句中，其后接带to的不定式；在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。dare其后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to 的不定式。
4．had better表示“应该，最好”，无人称和时态的变化。其否定形式为had better not。
(2024·全国甲卷)I am grateful that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did.
He doesn't dare (to) answer.
—Need you go now
—Yes, we must./No, we needn't.
Oh, no, you'd better not open it.
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better ______ (keep) this card at hand.
②He dares (challenge) all kinds of difficulties.
③My room is in a mess, but I needn't (clean) it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
④—Need I hand in the application now
—Yes, you ./No, you .
keep
to challenge
clean
must
needn't
(八)情态动词＋have done
情态动词可以与实义动词的完成式合用，表示对过去发生的动作的推测。情态动词的完成式常分为以下两种情况：
(1)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done “(过去)一定做了”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句
may/might have done “(过去)可能做了”，语气不确定，用于肯定句和否定句
can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定
(2)表示与过去事实相反
could have done 过去本可以做但实际上没做
needn't have done 过去本不必做但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做但实际上没做
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做但实际上做了
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
She is late.She may have missed the bus.
Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday.
[对点练] (完成句子)
①—Sorry, Mum！I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad.You full preparations.
——对不起，妈妈！我这次工作面试又失败了。
——哦，真是太糟糕了。你本该做好充分准备的。
②My book is missing.Who it
我的书不见了。谁有可能拿走它了呢？
should have made
could have taken
③Look what you've done! You the experiment more carefully.
看你都做了什么！你本应该更仔细地做这个实验。
④You them what had happened between us.
你本不必告诉他们我们之间发生了什么事。
⑤You the exam early, but you were so careless as to make so many mistakes.
你本来能早点通过考试，但你那么粗心，以致犯这么多错误。
ought to/should have done
needn't have told
could have passed
二、过去将来时
|自主感知|
①I thought he wouldn't attend the evening party, but to my surprise he came.
②I told her I would return the book in a few days.
[我的发现]
①②句中主句的时态均为一般过去时，且都含有宾语从句，从句的时态为___________。
②句中的时间状语为 ____________。
过去将来时
in a few days
|规则点拨|
(一)过去将来时的概念和用法
过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
1．过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为一般过去时态的宾语从句中。
2．过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day, soon, in＋一段时间等。
Another said he would give half of all his money to the government to help poor people.
Mother promised that she would take me to Beijing the next year.
(二)过去将来时的表达方式
1．“would/should do”构成过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。should主要用于第一人称；would可用于各种人称。
2．“was/were going to do”表示说话者主观打算做某事，或客观迹象表明即将发生某事，还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。
3．“was/were to do”表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
4．“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，一般不与表示将来的具体的时间连用。
5．was/were doing表示过去将来时时，仅用于come, go, leave, arrive, start, take off等趋向性动词(短语)。
Hey, Timmy. I was going to call you.But now that you are here, I don't have to.
The press conference was to be held next week.
She said she was just about to ask you the same thing.
David told us he was leaving for Shanghai next week.
[对点练] (完成句子)
①上周他答应要来的，可到现在还没到。(would do)
Last week , but he hasn't arrived until now.
②你打算给我你的地址的，可是你没给。(be going to)
, but you didn't.
he promised that he would come
You were going to give me your address
③格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷了。(be doing)
Mr Green Hawaii a few hours later.
④会议将于下周举行。(be to do)
The conference .
⑤我正要打开电脑电源，这时停电了。(be about to do)
when the electricity went off.
was leaving for
was to be held next week
I was about to turn on the power of the computer
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．It was a problem whether they .(would do)
他们是否会支持我们是一个问题。
2．You didn't make it clear when you grew up.(be going to)
你没有说清楚长大后要干什么。
would support us
what you were going to do
3．The coach the game when the captain scored a goal.(be about to)
教练正要放弃比赛，这时队长进了一个球。
4．He at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him. (be going to)
他本来要在会上发言，但心脏病发作使他无法发言。
was about to give up
was going to speak
5．The local government promised that the building ___________ __________next month. (be to do)
当地政府承诺这座建筑将在下个月竣工。
6．If we , would you stay？(be to do)
假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
was to be
were to offer you more money
completed
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成短文
Friendship is of great importance.Everyone ①___________________ __________ (需要维持友谊)．In all our lives we ② (不能生活) without friendship.But real friendship is not easy to come by.Jealousy ③ (会破坏友谊)．Time goes by, and good friends ④ (可能会失去)．True friendship ⑤_______________ (必须是真诚的) and be based on the understanding of each other.
needs to maintain
can't live
friendship
will spoil friendship
may/might be lost
must be sincere
A good friend ⑥ (往往会是一位好老师) to us.A good friend ⑦ (应该是亲切而有耐心的)．Therefore, the more true friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves.
can always be a good teacher
should/ought to be kind and patient
Ⅲ.选择合适的情态动词完成下面的对话
The bell for class just rang for the second time, but Tom didn't turn up.He ① have arrived at school earlier because there ② be a math test for the whole class that day.“I ③ find out what has happened to him，” thought his master teacher Mrs Green.
must， had better， should， have to， would， can't， needn't
should
would
must
So she called Tom，“Hi, Tom! Why don't you come to school today？”
“My mother is ill, and I need to look after her at home.”
“Your father should be at home, so you ④ stay at home to take care of her.”
“But my father hasn't got back from work yet.I ⑤ go to school until my father gets back.”
needn't
can't
“OK.But you ⑥ come here as quickly as possible, or you will ⑦ take another test if you fail this one.”
had better
have to
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Children may not be putting coins in piggy banks for much longer.With the move towards a cashless society, pocket money is going digital.
课时跟踪检测
To reflect “the change”， many mobile budgeting (预算) apps for children have appeared worldwide, such as GoHenry, Osper and Gimi.These apps offer a simple money management service to children, often for a monthly fee paid by the parents.Parents can add money to children's accounts, set limits and monitor transactions (交易)．Children can choose to save their money or spend it using a prepaid card.
These apps aim to teach young children financial concepts (概念), such as budgeting, interest rates and income.For example, the Swedish app Gimi — 1.2 million users globally — has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money.Parents can pay children interest as they save.There is also a prepaid card that is currently available in Sweden only, but is expected to be launched elsewhere in Europe.
Philip Haglund, CEO of Gimi, believes the app can teach children responsible spending habits.“You don't become better at money management just because you have a degree in economics.It's more about the attitude and the relationship you have with parents' money when you're 6 to 12 years old，” he says.
But Catherine Winter, Managing Director of Financial Capability at The London Institute of Banking & Finance, warns people that while digital tools can help, there needs to be a more organized approach to financial education.“The area should have regular, designed classroom time and ideally should be taught as an independent subject，” she says.“Children would then have the right understanding to get the most out of both the apps and their money.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字存钱罐的兴起。
1．What do we know about Gimi
A．It provides a prepaid card for free.
B．It can teach children concepts of money.
C．It pays children interest as they save.
D．It can be used only in Sweden now.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These apps aim to teach young children financial concepts (概念), such as budgeting, interest rates and income.”可知，Gimi可以教孩子们金钱的概念。
2．What does the underlined word “launched” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Recommended. B．Contributed.
C．Conquered. D．Introduced.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词所在句可知，预付卡目前只在瑞典使用，but表示转折关系，说明预付卡在欧洲其他地方并未使用，也就是有待推广，由此推断出launch在这里意为“推出；发行”，与introduce意思相近。
√
3．What do Catherine Winter's words mean
A．Digital tools can help a lot with finance.
B．Money management requires financial ability.
C．A regular classroom-based financial education is needed.
D．Children can get the most out of their money with the apps.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But Catherine Winter, Managing Director of Financial ...she says.”可知，如果要让孩子们真正了解金融理财，数字工具是不够的，还需要接受定期的在课堂时间开展的金融教育。
4．What's the text mainly about
A．The rise of the digital piggy bank.
B．The future of a cashless society.
C．The importance of financial education.
D．The popularity of money management.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段及整篇文章可知，本文介绍了数字存钱罐的兴起。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
Last Friday, I had a(n) 5 experience that taught me a valuable lesson about honesty and 6 .It was a typical busy day at school until I 7 my wallet was missing during lunch 8 .My heart sank as it contained not only money but also important cards and personal items.
I retraced my steps frantically, 9 everywhere I had been that morning.Just when I was about to 10 hope, a fellow student, Jack, appeared with a familiar-looking object in his hand.He had found my wallet 11 on a bench in the courtyard and had made it his 12 to return it to me.
I was overwhelmed with 13 and relief.Thanking Jack respectfully, I offered him a reward, but he politely 14 ， saying that doing the right thing was its own reward.His simple act of honesty and kindness left a deep 15 on me.
This experience 16 me of the essential values of integrity (正直) and compassion.It also brought me and Jack 17 ， as we began to talk more and discovered shared interests.What started as a(n) 18 incident turned into a meaningful connection and a vivid reminder that there are still 19 good people in the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的钱包丢失，里面有重要的物品。一个叫Jack的同学发现了作者的钱包并归还给他。作者想要给予Jack报酬，但Jack拒绝了，认为做正确的事本身就是回报。
5．A.interesting B．unforgettable
C．holistic D．boring
解析：根据下文“that taught me a valuable lesson about honesty and ”可知，这个经历教会了作者宝贵的一课，因此应该是难忘的(unforgettable)。故选B。
√
6．A.kindness B．believing
C．regret D．politeness
解析：根据下文“His simple act of honesty and kindness left a deep on me.”可知，这个经历教会了作者关于诚实和善良(kindness)的宝贵一课。故选A。
√
7．A.saw B．realized
C．released D．said
解析：根据下文“my wallet was missing during lunch”可知，作者意识到(realized)自己的钱包不见了。故选B。
√
8．A.desk B．restaurant
C．spot D．break
解析：根据上文“until”以及“during”可知，作者是在某个时候发现钱包丢失的，再结合下文“I retraced my steps frantically，______ everywhere I had been that morning”，可知 lunch break“午餐休息”符合语境。故选 D。
√
9．A.listening B．frustrating
C．searching D．asking
解析：根据上文“My heart sank as it contained not only money but also important cards and personal items.”可知，作者的钱包里不仅有钱，还有重要的卡和私人物品，因此作者会折回原路，搜索那天早上去过的每一个地方。故选 C。
√
10．A.look for B．take into
C．give up D．give in
解析：根据句中“Just when I was about to hope”以及空后“a fellow student, Jack, appeared with a familiar-looking object in his hand.He had found my wallet”可知，作者因为一直找却找不到丢失的钱包，正要放弃希望，这时Jack拿着作者的钱包出现了，故选C。
√
11．A.lying B．leaving
C．sleeping D．defending
解析：根据上文“He had found my wallet”和下文“on a bench in the courtyard”可推知，他在院子的长凳上发现了作者的钱包，即他发现作者的钱包放在长凳上。故选A。
√
12．A.core B．trend
C．homework D．mission
解析：根据上文“a fellow student, Jack, appeared with a familiar-looking object in his hand”可知，Jack手里拿着钱包来找作者，由此推知，他是把钱包还给作者作为自己的使命(mission)。故选D。
√
13．A.shame B．gratitude
C．scare D．anger
解析：根据下文“Thanking Jack respectfully, I offered him a reward”可知，作者对于Jack捡到钱包并归还给自己满心感激(gratitude)。故选B。
√
14．A.refused B．accepted
C．received D．Passed
解析：根据空前“I offered him a reward, but he politely”中的转折词“but”以及下文“saying that doing the right thing was its own reward”可知，Jack拒绝(refused)了作者的酬谢。故选A。
√
15．A.possession B．tournament
C．shock D．impression
解析：根据“His simple act of honesty and kindness left a deep”可知，Jack诚实善良的简单行为应该是给作者留下了深刻的印象。固定短语leave an impression on sb.意为“给某人留下印象”。故选D。
√
16．A.regarded B．extended
C．reminded D．trapped
解析：根据下文“me of the essential values of integrity (正直) and compassion”可推知，这次经历是让作者想起了正直和同情心的基本价值。固定短语remind sb.of sth.意为“使某人想起某事”。故选C。
√
17．A.closer B．faster
C．slower D．tougher
解析：根据下文“as we began to talk more and discovered shared interests”可知，作者和Jack开始聊得更多，发现了共同的兴趣，因此是走得更近了，关系变得更亲密(closer)。故选A。
√
18．A.expanding B．troubling
C．saving D．ongoing
解析：根据上文“My heart sank as it contained not only money but also important cards and personal items.”可知，作者在丢了钱包的时候心情很不好，因此一开始这是令人烦恼的事件。故选B。
√
19．A.consist of B．knock out of
C．plenty of D．capable of
解析：根据上文“there are still”和下文“good people in the world”可推知，此处指世界上仍有很多好人。consist of“由……组成”；knock out of“把……淘汰出(比赛)”；plenty of“大量的”；capable of“能够”。故选C。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Walking into the Palace Museum, visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture. But 1 can't be seen is the science and technology behind it. The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology, thus 2 (enhance) its capacity for cultural exhibition, communication, tourism services and heritage protection.
The Palace Museum, 3 (equip) with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China's most complete variety, has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices 4 independent intellectual property rights (IPR). The 5 (history) risk data is used to study and compile (编译) safety risk assessment index system, risk judgment and early warning systems, and preventive measures. With the introduction of AI, big data and cloud computing, the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and 6 emergency platform for immovable cultural relics.
Additionally, digital technologies 7 (apply) by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics. It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information, 850,000 pieces/sets of images, 1,500 three-dimensional models and high-precision panoramic images (全景图) of all open areas, bringing cultural resources to life and offering 8 (good) digital services for Internet users. The Palace Museum is 9 (true) an amazing example of applying the 10 (combine) of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。
1．what 考查名词性从句。空处引导主语从句，作主语，指代事物，应用连接代词what。故填what。
2．enhancing 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填enhancing。
3．equipped 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，The Palace Museum与equip为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填equipped。
4．with 考查介词。句意：故宫博物院配备了中国品种最齐全的文化遗产保护和研究团队，开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的特殊监测设备。根据句意可知，表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。
5．historical 考查形容词。根据句意和空后的名词短语可知，表示“历史的”用形容词historical，修饰名词。故填historical。
6．an 考查冠词。platform为可数名词，此处泛指“一个应急平台”，且emergency的发音为元音音素开头。故填an。
7．have been applied 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。表示过去对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；主语与谓语为被动关系，且主语为复数。故填have been applied。
8．better 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，表示更好的，用形容词比较级better。故填better。
9．truly 考查副词。修饰谓语应用副词。故填truly。
10．combination 考查名词。apply后接名词作宾语，combination“结合”为抽象概念，不可数。故填combination。UNIT 5 课时检测(四) Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Children may not be putting coins in piggy banks for much longer.With the move towards a cashless society, pocket money is going digital.
To reflect “the change”， many mobile budgeting (预算) apps for children have appeared worldwide, such as GoHenry, Osper and Gimi.These apps offer a simple money management service to children, often for a monthly fee paid by the parents.Parents can add money to children's accounts, set limits and monitor transactions (交易)．Children can choose to save their money or spend it using a prepaid card.
These apps aim to teach young children financial concepts (概念), such as budgeting, interest rates and income.For example, the Swedish app Gimi — 1.2 million users globally — has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money.Parents can pay children interest as they save.There is also a prepaid card that is currently available in Sweden only, but is expected to be launched elsewhere in Europe.
Philip Haglund, CEO of Gimi, believes the app can teach children responsible spending habits.“You don't become better at money management just because you have a degree in economics.It's more about the attitude and the relationship you have with parents' money when you're 6 to 12 years old，” he says.
But Catherine Winter, Managing Director of Financial Capability at The London Institute of Banking & Finance, warns people that while digital tools can help, there needs to be a more organized approach to financial education.“The area should have regular, designed classroom time and ideally should be taught as an independent subject，” she says.“Children would then have the right understanding to get the most out of both the apps and their money.”
1．What do we know about Gimi
A．It provides a prepaid card for free.
B．It can teach children concepts of money.
C．It pays children interest as they save.
D．It can be used only in Sweden now.
2．What does the underlined word “launched” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Recommended. B．Contributed.
C．Conquered. D．Introduced.
3．What do Catherine Winter's words mean
A．Digital tools can help a lot with finance.
B．Money management requires financial ability.
C．A regular classroom based financial education is needed.
D．Children can get the most out of their money with the apps.
4．What's the text mainly about
A．The rise of the digital piggy bank.
B．The future of a cashless society.
C．The importance of financial education.
D．The popularity of money management.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Last Friday, I had a(n) __5__ experience that taught me a valuable lesson about honesty and __6__.It was a typical busy day at school until I __7__ my wallet was missing during lunch __8__.My heart sank as it contained not only money but also important cards and personal items.
I retraced my steps frantically, __9__ everywhere I had been that morning.Just when I was about to __10__ hope, a fellow student, Jack, appeared with a familiar looking object in his hand.He had found my wallet __11__ on a bench in the courtyard and had made it his __12__ to return it to me.
I was overwhelmed with __13__ and relief.Thanking Jack respectfully, I offered him a reward, but he politely __14__， saying that doing the right thing was its own reward.His simple act of honesty and kindness left a deep __15__ on me.
This experience __16__ me of the essential values of integrity (正直) and compassion.It also brought me and Jack __17__， as we began to talk more and discovered shared interests.What started as a(n) __18__ incident turned into a meaningful connection and a vivid reminder that there are still __19__ good people in the world.
5.A.interesting B．unforgettable
C．holistic D．boring
6．A.kindness B．believing
C．regret D．politeness
7．A.saw B．realized
C．released D．said
8．A.desk B．restaurant
C．spot D．break
9．A.listening B．frustrating
C．searching D．asking
10．A.look for B．take into
C．give up D．give in
11．A.lying B．leaving
C．sleeping D．defending
12．A.core B．trend
C．homework D．mission
13．A.shame B．gratitude
C．scare D．anger
14．A.refused B．accepted
C．received D．Passed
15．A.possession B．tournament
C．shock D．impression
16．A.regarded B．extended
C．reminded D．trapped
17．A.closer B．faster
C．slower D．tougher
18．A.expanding B．troubling
C．saving D．ongoing
19．A.consist of B．knock out of
C．plenty of D．capable of
Ⅲ.语法填空
Walking into the Palace Museum, visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture. But __1__ can't be seen is the science and technology behind it. The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology, thus __2__ (enhance) its capacity for cultural exhibition, communication, tourism services and heritage protection.
The Palace Museum, __3__ (equip) with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China's most complete variety, has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices __4__ independent intellectual property rights (IPR). The __5__ (history) risk data is used to study and compile (编译) safety risk assessment index system, risk judgment and early warning systems, and preventive measures. With the introduction of AI, big data and cloud computing, the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and __6__emergency platform for immovable cultural relics.
Additionally, digital technologies __7__ (apply) by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics. It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information, 850,000 pieces/sets of images, 1,500 three dimensional models and high precision panoramic images (全景图) of all open areas, bringing cultural resources to life and offering __8__ (good) digital services for Internet users. The Palace Museum is __9__ (true) an amazing example of applying the __10__ (combine) of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics.
UNIT 5 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字存钱罐的兴起。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These apps aim to teach young children financial concepts (概念), such as budgeting, interest rates and income.”可知，Gimi可以教孩子们金钱的概念。
2．选D 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词所在句可知，预付卡目前只在瑞典使用，but表示转折关系，说明预付卡在欧洲其他地方并未使用，也就是有待推广，由此推断出launch在这里意为“推出；发行”，与introduce意思相近。
3．选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But Catherine Winter, Managing Director of Financial ...she says.”可知，如果要让孩子们真正了解金融理财，数字工具是不够的，还需要接受定期的在课堂时间开展的金融教育。
4．选A 主旨大意题。根据第一段及整篇文章可知，本文介绍了数字存钱罐的兴起。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的钱包丢失，里面有重要的物品。一个叫Jack的同学发现了作者的钱包并归还给他。作者想要给予Jack报酬，但Jack拒绝了，认为做正确的事本身就是回报。
5．选B 根据下文“that taught me a valuable lesson about honesty and ________”可知，这个经历教会了作者宝贵的一课，因此应该是难忘的(unforgettable)。故选B。
6．选A 根据下文“His simple act of honesty and kindness left a deep ________ on me.”可知，这个经历教会了作者关于诚实和善良(kindness)的宝贵一课。故选A。
7．选B 根据下文“my wallet was missing during lunch”可知，作者意识到(realized)自己的钱包不见了。故选B。
8．选D 根据上文“until”以及“during”可知，作者是在某个时候发现钱包丢失的，再结合下文“I retraced my steps frantically，________ everywhere I had been that morning”，可知 lunch break“午餐休息”符合语境。故选 D。
9．选C 根据上文“My heart sank as it contained not only money but also important cards and personal items.”可知，作者的钱包里不仅有钱，还有重要的卡和私人物品，因此作者会折回原路，搜索那天早上去过的每一个地方。故选 C。
10．选C 根据句中“Just when I was about to ________ hope”以及空后“a fellow student, Jack, appeared with a familiar looking object in his hand.He had found my wallet”可知，作者因为一直找却找不到丢失的钱包，正要放弃希望，这时Jack拿着作者的钱包出现了，故选C。
11．选A 根据上文“He had found my wallet”和下文“on a bench in the courtyard”可推知，他在院子的长凳上发现了作者的钱包，即他发现作者的钱包放在长凳上。故选A。
12．选D 根据上文“a fellow student, Jack, appeared with a familiar looking object in his hand”可知，Jack手里拿着钱包来找作者，由此推知，他是把钱包还给作者作为自己的使命(mission)。故选D。
13．选B 根据下文“Thanking Jack respectfully, I offered him a reward”可知，作者对于Jack捡到钱包并归还给自己满心感激(gratitude)。故选B。
14．选A 根据空前“I offered him a reward, but he politely”中的转折词“but”以及下文“saying that doing the right thing was its own reward”可知，Jack拒绝(refused)了作者的酬谢。故选A。
15．选D 根据“His simple act of honesty and kindness left a deep”可知，Jack诚实善良的简单行为应该是给作者留下了深刻的印象。固定短语leave an impression on sb.意为“给某人留下印象”。故选D。
16．选C 根据下文“me of the essential values of integrity (正直) and compassion”可推知，这次经历是让作者想起了正直和同情心的基本价值。固定短语remind sb.of sth.意为“使某人想起某事”。故选C。
17．选A 根据下文“as we began to talk more and discovered shared interests”可知，作者和Jack开始聊得更多，发现了共同的兴趣，因此是走得更近了，关系变得更亲密(closer)。故选A。
18．选B 根据上文“My heart sank as it contained not only money but also important cards and personal items.”可知，作者在丢了钱包的时候心情很不好，因此一开始这是令人烦恼的事件。故选B。
19．选C 根据上文“there are still”和下文“good people in the world”可推知，此处指世界上仍有很多好人。consist of“由……组成”；knock out of“把……淘汰出(比赛)”；plenty of“大量的”；capable of“能够”。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。
1．what 考查名词性从句。空处引导主语从句，作主语，指代事物，应用连接代词what。故填what。
2．enhancing 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填enhancing。
3．equipped 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，The Palace Museum与equip为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填equipped。
4．with 考查介词。句意：故宫博物院配备了中国品种最齐全的文化遗产保护和研究团队，开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的特殊监测设备。根据句意可知，表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。
5．historical 考查形容词。根据句意和空后的名词短语可知，表示“历史的”用形容词historical，修饰名词。故填historical。
6．an 考查冠词。platform为可数名词，此处泛指“一个应急平台”，且emergency的发音为元音音素开头。故填an。
7．have been applied 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。表示过去对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；主语与谓语为被动关系，且主语为复数。故填have been applied。
8．better 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，表示更好的，用形容词比较级better。故填better。
9．truly 考查副词。修饰谓语应用副词。故填truly。
10．combination 考查名词。apply后接名词作宾语，combination“结合”为抽象概念，不可数。故填combination。
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