1.专题一 阅读理解(教师版)【备考2026年】高考英语真题分类汇编

阅读理解
01-2025全国一卷，A
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
　　The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
1. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A. 11.6%.　　B. 45.1%.　　C. 74.5%.　　D. 86.1%.
2. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A. Planes.　　B. Trucks.　　C. Trains.　　D. Ships.
3. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A. Limiting fuel consumption.　　B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency.　　D. Making electricity more affordable.
答案　
语篇解读　本文是应用文,主要介绍了飞机、火车、汽车等交通方式实现绿色化的途径,呼吁人们在可再生资源上投入更多精力。
1. C　细节理解题。从文章第一个图可知,公路(客运)排放占比为45.1%,公路(货运)排放占比为29.4%,所以公路车辆排放的总占比为这二者之和,即45.1%+29.4%=74.5%,故选C。
2. C　细节理解题。第一个图中提到火车的温室气体排放占比仅为1%,相对其他运输方式占比极低,且第二个图中提到火车实现绿色化的途径是用电驱动,一些火车已经通过铁轨或电线实现了电动化,其他火车也可以用相当简单的方式实现电动化,所以火车能相对更容易地实现绿色化,故选C。飞机的绿化途径中提到“The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation.(最难实现脱碳的领域是航空)”,所以A项错误;卡车的绿色燃料制造成本比较高,B项错误;船舶的绿色燃料难以点燃,需要重新设计发动机,D项错误。
3. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Keith Wipke的话“the amount of renewable energy the world will need is ‘a little bit mind-blowing,’”和“We need to speed up the development of green energy”可知,世界所需的可再生能源数量“有点惊人”,我们需要加快绿色能源的发展,所以我们要在可再生能源上投入更多的精力,故选B。
02-2025全国一，B
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
1. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A. Ninth graders.　　B. Students' parents.
C. Modern writers.　　D. Fictional characters.
2. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A. They were not given enough time.　　B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question.　　D. They had little interest in the topic.
3. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Mixed.　　B. Amazing.　　C. Similar.　　D. Disturbing.
4. What does the author's experience show
A. Teaching is learning.　　B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power.　　D. Practice makes perfect.
答案　
语篇解读　本文是记叙文,主要通过叙述作者在九年级写作课上的一系列教学经历,包括学生在不同写作任务中的表现、作者的教学调整以及最终的感悟,强调了教师在教学过程中对学生写作兴趣的激发以及教学相长。
1. D　细节理解题。第一段提到“a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet...”,这些都是学生在写作课上创作出来的人物,属于虚构角色(Fictional characters)。故选D。
2. D　细节理解题。根据题干关键词first essay可定位到文章第二段。根据第二段中的“Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.”并结合第三段中的“I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting.”可知,学生第一次作文写得不好是因为对“写作为什么重要”这个话题没兴趣。故选D。
3. B　词义猜测题。第三段中画线词后的“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.(学生们选择了不同的主题,提交了10到20页的故事,其中的人物开阔了我的视野,触动了我的心灵)”说明学生这次写作成果很好,和第一次写作的情况反差很大,由此可以推测出staggering在这里的意思是“令人惊叹的(amazing)”。故选B。
4. A　推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者通过分享自己在写作课上的教学经历和感悟,旨在探讨如何在教育中更好地激发学生的学习兴趣,挖掘学生的潜力,让学生认识到写作的多元价值。同时,也希望引发教育者对教学方法和教育本质的思考,强调教学相长(Teaching is learning.)在教育过程中的重要性。故选A。
03-2025全国一，C
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
1. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Cars often get stuck on the road.　　B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more.　　D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
2. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A. Keep their cities livable.　　B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.　　D. Make expressways accessible.
3. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars.　　B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support.　　D. They advocated building new parks.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Why the Rush 　　B. What's Next
C. Where to Stay 　　D. Who to Blame
答案　
语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要介绍了近年来虽然道路安全得到改善,但是行人的出行能力在下降,尤其是孩子们没有安全的出行环境。荷兰作家的新书Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives指出是时候重新考虑道路问题了。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.”可知,因路上车辆太多,人们选择少走路,多开车。故选C。
2. A　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句至第六句可知,加拿大记者和其他运动领导者发起运动是为了呼吁当地官员让城市成为适合居住的地方,而不仅仅是人们匆匆路过的地方,也就是要保持城市的特色和宜居性。 故选 A。
3. B　推理判断题。作者在第三段提到澳大利亚也发起了类似的运动。再根据第四段第一、二句“Although these campaigns were widespread...The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.”可知,尽管有这些运动,但是大多数西方城市还是围绕汽车的需求进行了彻底的重新设计,路上的汽车数量猛增。联系上文这些运动的目的(保留城市的特色和宜居性,反对城市为了满足汽车需求而进行大规模的重新设计)可知,这些运动基本上是无效的。故选B。
易错警示　有的同学容易因曲解原文意思而误选A项。第四段指出汽车数量上升,但并没有说是那些运动提高了汽车的销量。因此A项不正确。
4. A　主旨要义题,考查最佳标题。文章开篇指出城市道路设计让孩子难以安全行走,人们更多选择开车,很多人在道路上只是匆匆而过。接着提到西方城市大多围绕汽车需求重新设计,但却忽略了孩子不能安全出行等社会代价。“Why the Rush ”这个标题很好地概括了文章主旨,它引发人们对当下城市道路设计以及这种设计带来的生活方式(匆匆忙忙赶路)的思考,与作者对重新思考道路问题的呼吁相契合。
熟词生义　champion 熟义:n.冠军;优胜者　生义:v.为……而斗争;捍卫
04-2025全国一，D
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert.　　B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples.　　D. By providing statistics.
2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A. The hardness of water.　　B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering.　　D. The type of plastic in water.
3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A. The importance of plastic recycling.　　
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.　　
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about
A. Choice of new research methods.　　B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers.　　D. Potential application of the findings.
答案　
语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要介绍了微塑料污染遍及全球,中国科研人员的新研究表明:煮沸并过滤含足够碳酸钙的自来水可大幅减少微塑料,或为解决微塑料问题提供路径。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.”可知,第一段说明了微塑料存在的不同位置:深海、喜马拉雅山脉、火山岩、海鸟的胃、南极的雪甚至人体内,这些都是具体的例子(examples)。故选C。
2. A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.”可知,碳酸钙含量决定了捕捉微塑料的效果,而碳酸钙含量是衡量水硬度的关键指标。含300毫克碳酸钙的硬水去除率较高。因此,水的硬度(The hardness of water)是关键因素。故选A。
3. B　推理判断题。第四段中“Even bottled water...contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”通过瓶装水中微塑料含量远超设想这一事实,强调微塑料污染问题的严重性——即使是被认为更安全的瓶装水也深受其害,说明问题已广泛存在于各类水源中。故选B。
4. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段Gauchotte-Lindsay 的话“The way...was nice”和“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”可知,她建议将研究发现应用于升级饮用水处理厂的实际操作中。由此可推知,这是对研究成果潜在应用(Potential application)的建议。故选D。
05-2025全国二，A
English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford, Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It's also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Ludlow, Shropshire　
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England. Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold. The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September.
Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
Mevagissey, Cornwall
Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey, you've probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. The working harbor(港口) took shape in 1774. Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets. Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It's delicious.
1. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
A. In the Ludlow Castle.　　B. In the Foodie Center of England.
C. In the Hereford Cathedral. 　　D. In the Black and White House Museum.
2. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center
A. It's situated near a big island.　　B. It's almost surrounded by water.
C. It's known for its flower festival.　　D. It's easily accessible from London.
3. What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
A. Try the Cornish pie.　　B. Watch a British TV show.
C. Go fishing in the sea.　　D. Take pictures of the harbor.
答案　
语篇解读　本文是应用文,主要介绍了英国四个著名的集镇及各自的特色。
1. C　细节理解题。根据题干关键信息an original copy of the Magna Carta可定位到第一个小标题下最后一句。根据“One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知,在赫里福德大教堂可以看到《大宪章》的原稿。故选C。
2. B　细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury, Shropshire部分中的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”可知,塞汶河在什鲁斯伯里镇中心有一个大转弯,几乎使镇中心成为一个岛屿,这意味着它几乎被水环绕。故选B。
3. A　细节理解题。根据题干关键词Mevagissey可定位到最后一段。根据倒数第二句“Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.”可知,作者建议去梅瓦吉西渔村的游客品尝康沃尔馅饼。故选A。
06-2025全国二，B
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that's not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It's a place of learning. About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still, in room 386, academics don't come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you're scared about something and thinking only about that, there's no way you're going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers(同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
1. Who does Ho teach at LPCH
A. Sick children.　　B. Young nurses.
C. Medical students. 　　D. Patients' parents.
2. What is a characteristic of Ho's job
A. Prioritizing academics. 　　B. Encouraging innovation.
C. Treating various diseases.　　D. Playing multiple roles.
3. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A. Offering regular lessons.　　B. Paying extra attention.
C. Assigning no schoolwork.　　D. Showing no sympathy.
4. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good
A. It eases peer pressure. 　　B. It helps them live in hope.
C. It frees them from aches.　　D. It entertains them with stories.
答案　
语篇解读　本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Lucile Packard儿童医院(LPCH)的教师Kathy Ho为患病学生开展教学的工作日常,呈现医疗场景中教育对学生身心健康与梦想维系的特殊意义,展现社会支持系统对特殊群体成长的关怀。
1. A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH).”和第二段中的“‘Here’ is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students.”可知,Ho的教学对象是生病的孩子。故选A。
2. D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”可知,Ho 称自己是教练、顾问、安慰者,体现其工作需扮演多重角色(Playing multiple roles)。故选D。
3. C　词义猜测题。it指代上文出现过的内容。根据画线词后一句“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可知,孩子们会以为老师不关心他们的学业。再结合“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. ‘I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,’ Ho says.”可知,Ho认为老师不给学生布置作业的做法对他们有损害。 “it”指代上文“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments”这一行为。故选C。
4. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”可知,Good认为学校通过让孩子学习成长、维系梦想,帮助其生活在希望中(live in hope)。故选B。
07-2025全国二，C
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened:She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone(激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
1. How was Detrinidad's business when it started
　A. It faced tough competition.　　B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support.　　D. It went surprisingly well.
2. What is one of Knuth's findings about plants
A. They appeal more to students.　　B. They purify the environment.
C. They raise the cortisol level.　　D. They enhance productivity.
3. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers
A. The necessity of social skills.　　B. The meaning of sustainability.
C. The importance of repeated efforts.　　D. The value of professional opinions.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Time to Replace Houseplants　　B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants　　D. Plants Brighten Your Home
答案　
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章开篇以Sonja Detrinidad在网上售卖室内植物的成功为例,引出室内植物行业的火爆现象,接着指出植物对人们的影响,最后鼓励人们在享受植物带来身心健康益处的同时,以学习的态度用耐心养植物。
1. D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants.”可知,Detrinidad的生意在开始的时候非常成功,与D选项中的went...well相符。根据第一段中的“she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened”可知,她的成功是令人意外的,与D选项中的surprisingly相符。
2. D　细节理解题。在第二、三段中,Knuth提到室内植物能提升人们的生活满意度、改变人们的情绪和思维方式、通过降低人体应激激素皮质醇的水平来改善精神状态、使学生学业表现更好并使成人在工作场所的生产效率得到提升,所以植物能提高生产效率,D选项正确。
3. C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“don't beat yourself up”“an exercise in patience and learning”和“if it dies, go get another one”可知,Detrinidad认为我们一次没有养活植物无需自责,因为照顾植物是需要耐心和学习的,如同医生和律师都需要不断实践,养植物不可能一下子就成功,需要反复付出努力,体现了反复努力的重要性。故选C。
4. B　主旨要义题,考查最佳标题。文章围绕室内植物能提升人们的精神状态、带来身心健康益处展开,B项(植物提升你的情绪)最能概括文章主旨。A项中的Replace明显与原文不符,文章并非强调更换植物;C项是关于选择室内绿植的建议,在文中没有提到;D项中的Brighten Your Home过于片面,比如文中还提到workplace。
08-2025全国二，D
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way:It changed its menu to exclusively(专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village's Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue(收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients(配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
1. What can be inferred about the author's early life
A. He witnessed food shortage.　　B. He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C. He donated food to Africans.　　D. He helped to cook at home.
2. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A. To customize dishes for guests.　　B. To make the public aware of food waste.
C. To test a food processing method.　　D. To improve the UK's zero-waste systems.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Why the ingredients were used.　　B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made of.　　D. Where the ingredients were bought.
4. What can we learn about wastED
A. It has ended as planned.　　B. It is creating new jobs.
C. It has regained popularity.　　D. It is criticized by top chefs.
答案　
语篇解读　本文是说明文,通过介绍纽约市的一家餐厅wastED的短期实验,引发对食物浪费的关注。文章借助菜单内容、行业数据和公众反响,向读者展示了餐饮业减少浪费的新尝试,传达了可持续发展的理念。
1. A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase ‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact...”可知,“非洲有孩子在挨饿”是对现实的提醒而非抽象表达,说明作者确实是在食物紧张的环境中成长的,由此可推断出A项(他见证过食物短缺的情况)正确。
2. B　细节理解题。第三段最后一句“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.”说明餐厅更改菜单的目的就是引起人们对食物浪费的关注。故选B。
易错警示　“tailor-made”一词可能误导学生选A。解答本题需结合句末的 to raise awareness明确实验的真正目的。
技巧点拨　目的题常见定位标志是:to do sth. / in order to / for the purpose of...,出现动词不定式即线索。特别注意不要混淆“目的与手段”,如本题中的“定制”是手段,“宣传”是目的。
3. C　主旨要义题。第五段主要围绕这些菜品使用了什么原料展开,并列举了大多数餐厅不会考虑使用的食材,如kale ribs、cucumber butts等,因此第五段主要讲了“这些菜品由什么制成”。故选C。
4. A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.”可知,该项目原本就是短期设计,目前已经结束,餐厅恢复了正常菜单。由此可知,wastED餐厅的这次尝试是按计划结束的。故选A。
易错警示　部分学生看到enthusiastic reviews会误以为项目继续进行或走红,忽视了has since returned是其已结束的关键信号。
难句分析
Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
译文　尽管如此,它提醒我们:有许多方式可以应对可持续问题,你可以用几乎任何东西做出一顿美味的饭。
分析　and连接两个that引导的同位语从句;that引导的同位语从句对reminder进行解释说明;动词不定式作后置定语,修饰ways。
2024
01-2024新课标Ⅰ，A
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
　　Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15　10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22　10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29　9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
2. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
答案
语篇解读　本文是应用文,主要介绍了一个地区生物栖息地修复工作组的工作内容和招募志愿者的要求。
1. C　细节理解题。本题问生物栖息地修复工作组的目标(aim)是什么。根据第一段中的Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas以及play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys可知,生物栖息地修复工作组的目标是保护当地的生态系统。故选C。
2. B　细节理解题。本题问加入生物栖息地修复工作组的最低年龄。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知,10岁及以上的志愿者都可以参加,所以最低年龄是10岁。故选B。
3. B　细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“We’ll be working rain or shine.”可知,无论晴天雨天,志愿者都会工作。故选B。
02-2024新课标Ⅰ，B
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now practicing “holistic”medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
1. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
2. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
4. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
答案
语篇解读　本文是记叙文,主要介绍了兽医William Farber将西方传统疗法与针灸、按摩和草药结合,运用整体医学给动物治病的故事。
1. A　细节理解题。根据题干关键词Farber’s coworkers可定位到第一段第三句。根据“even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知,Farber的同事有时会嘲笑他不寻常的做法。故选A。odd与unusual是同义表达。
2. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then he tried acupuncture...and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.”可知,他尝试了针灸,经过两三次治疗后他的病情好转了。他认为这种对他有效的治疗方法也许对他的病人(宠物)也有效。所以,在学习针灸几年后,他开始给宠物针灸。故选C。
3. D　主旨要义题,考查段落大意。通读第三段内容可知,该段主要讲述了小狗Charlie经过Farber的治疗后多活了五个月和马Nappy经过按摩后活动更加自如的例子,以此来说明Farber的整体疗法是非常有效的(effectiveness)。故选D。
4. A　推理判断题,考查写作意图推断。根据题干关键词the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association可定位到最后一段。冒号后的内容是对冒号前内容的解释。根据冒号前面的“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right”可知,Farber确信,随着时间推移,整体疗法会越来越受欢迎,而过去的情况显示他可能是对的。由此可推知,作者提到the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association是为了证明Farber的观点。故选A。
03-2024新课标Ⅰ，C
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis(假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
2. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
3. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案
语篇解读　本文是论说文,主要介绍了不同阅读媒介在理解和学习效果上的差异,并呼吁教育者在选择教学媒介时应充分考虑不同媒介的影响。
1. D　词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句可知,在阅读长文本时,纸质阅读比数字阅读效果更好,大量研究证实了这一发现。再结合画线词后面的“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks...to ones that require mental abstraction...”可知,当实验者从诸如识别文章主旨的简单任务转移到诸如从文章中得出推论的需要抽象思维的复杂任务时,阅读纸质媒介的优势尤其shine through。由此可以推知,画线词意为“明显”。故选D。
2. A　细节理解题。根据题干关键词shallowing hypothesis可定位到第四段。根据最后一句“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.”可知,根据这一理论,人们以适合社交媒体的心态对待数字文本,通常并不那么认真,且与阅读纸质内容相比,脑力投入更少。因此,“浅化假说”认为读者对待数字文本的态度不够严谨,故选A。not so serious与lightly是同义表达。
3. A　细节理解题。根据题干关键词audio and video和university teachers可定位到第五段。根据“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies...”可知,音频和视频比文本更具吸引力(engaging),也就更能够吸引学生的注意力,所以大学老师越来越多地借助它们来开展教学。故选A。
4. C　推理判断题。通读第六段内容可知,该段就教学媒介的选择向教育者提出建议(故排除A项,错在Students):数字文本、音频、视频在教学中均起到重要作用,但是,为了在需要集中注意力和思考的学习上取得最好的效果,即使包含相同的内容,教育者也不应该认为所有媒介都是一样的。结合上文作者对纸质文本效果的认可可知,教育者在选择教学媒介时不能忽视纸质文本。故选C。B、D两项在文中均未提及,故排除。
04-2024新课标Ⅰ，D
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
2. What does Daru’s study focus on
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
3. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
4. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案
语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要探究了生物样本数据的可用性,指出实证研究发现的问题,并提出提高数据质量的措施。
1. B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知,现在大多数关于生物多样性的记录通常是照片、视频和其他数字记录形式的。这些都属于电子形式。故选B。
2. C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.”可知,Daru和他的团队测试的是这些数据(these data)能否很好地代表实际的全球生物多样性模式。而these data指代第二段最后一句中的they,也就是observational data。故选C。
3. C　推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species.”和最后一句“These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.”可知,这些数据倾向于特定的地区、时间段和物种。这说明取样方式有问题,不合适的取样方式会导致偏差。故选C。
4. D　推理判断题。根据题干关键词biodiversity apps可定位到最后一段。根据“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places...that are not well-sampled...biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm...”可知,生物多样性应用程序可以利用Daru团队的研究结果告知用户(users)过度采样的区域,并引导他们去没有被充分采样的地方。生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家鉴定他们所上传的图片。由此可推知,生物多样性应用程序可以利用Daru团队的研究结果给予用户(users,即citizen scientists)指导。故选D。
05-2024新课标Ⅱ，A
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. Which walk takes the shortest time
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What do the four walks have in common
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
答案
语篇解读　本文是应用文,主要介绍了为徒步初学者和有经验的徒步者准备的四项徒步活动。
1. D　细节理解题。根据题干关键词takes the shortest time可定位到四项徒步活动的Walk Duration部分。根据6 hours、5 hours、3 hours和1.5 hours可知,第四项徒步活动(Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest)用时最少。故选D。
2. A　细节理解题。根据Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars部分中的“A torch along with suitable clothing is essential”及“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.”可知,穿合适的衣服是必要的,衣着不当的人不允许参加这项徒步活动。故选A。
3. D　细节理解题。结合全文可知,A项并未提及,故排除。根据文章标题中的for Beginner and Experienced Walkers可知,这四项徒步活动是为徒步初学者和有经验的徒步者准备的,故排除B项。根据四项徒步活动中Start Point部分的内容可知,四项徒步活动的起点不同,故排除C项。根据四项徒步活动中Date and Time部分的内容可知,四项徒步活动都安排在周末。故选D。
重点词汇　duration n.持续时间,期间　suitable adj.合适的,适宜的　inappropriately adv.不适当地,不恰当地
06-2024新课标Ⅱ，B
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk(小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates(检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit(交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. Why did BART start the kiosk program
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers' needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
2. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language.
3. What has Trost been doing recently
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
4. What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
答案
语篇解读　本文是记叙文,主要介绍了旧金山湾区快速交通系统(BART)的阅读小亭项目,乘客们可以根据自身需求得到不同阅读时长的短篇故事来打发时间。
1. C　细节理解题。本题问BART开设小亭项目的原因。第二段第一句“Well, there's a kiosk for that.”提示了答案。句中的that指代上文内容。根据第一段内容可知,BART开设小亭项目是为了满足没有带读物进火车站,但又想阅读纸质读物的乘客的需求。故选C。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story”以及“You choose which length you want”可知,阅读小亭里的故事是根据长度(length)分类的。故选B。
3. A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”以及“And as of right now, we ve received about 120 submissions.”可知,Trost正在号召旧金山湾区的艺术家们提交作品参加比赛,目前已收到约120份作品。所以,Trost最近在组织一场故事创作比赛。故选A。
4. D　推理判断题,考查Trost对BART的未来的看法。根据倒数第二段中的“I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知,Trost认为他们会因短篇故事而得到更多乘客。由此可推知,Trost认为BART的客流量(ridership)会增加。故选D。
重点词汇　original adj.独创的;起初的　submit v.提交
07-2024新课标Ⅱ，C
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer's markets.
2. What information does the convenient app offer
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
3. What can be concluded about BMF employees
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
4. What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF's major strengths. B. BMF's general management.
C. BMF's global influence. D. BMF's technical standards.
答案
语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要介绍了BMF这个室内菜园系统的优点及其员工的环保意识。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.”可知,句中的it指the journey,而the journey指的是上句提到的农产品到达餐桌的时间和距离,由此可知BMF缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
2. B　细节理解题。根据题干关键词the convenient app可定位到第三段。根据第三句“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.”可知,这个便捷的应用程序提供实时的生长数据,即提供植物当前的状况。故选B。
3. D　推理判断题。根据题干关键词BMF employees可定位到最后一段。根据“About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.”可知,大约一半的BMF员工走路或骑车上班,他们鼓励回收和减少垃圾。由此可以推断出,他们有很强的环保意识。故选D。
4. A　主旨要义题,考查文章主旨。文章首段提出说明对象:BMF;第二段介绍BMF作为室内菜园系统,供应对象广泛且供应量稳定;第三段介绍该系统依靠新技术,操作很便捷;第四段介绍该系统环保无害;第五段介绍其员工具有很强的环保意识。综上所述,本文介绍的是BMF的主要优势。故选A。
重点词汇　 innovative adj.革新的,创新的　specifically adv.具体来说,确切地说　automate v.使自动化　sustainability n.可持续性　passionate adj.热诚的,狂热的
08-2024新课标Ⅱ，D
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
2. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
3. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
答案
语篇解读　 本文为说明文,文章围绕对AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence这本书的介绍和评价展开,探讨分析了当前AI的发展趋势和即将到来的AI革命,呼吁人们共同面对。
1. C　词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的but表示转折关系。根据后面的“more than two decades' professional experience(二十多年的专业经验)”“writes from the practical angle(从实用的角度来撰写)”和“making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative(成就了一本非常易懂且提供有用信息的指南)”可知,Campbell的专业经验和写作角度使这本书通俗易懂。据此推断,but前的内容应该是这本书如果由不合适的人来写,可能会像复杂代码一样难以理解,强调的是撰写者的能力,而不是阅读者、评论者或翻译者的能力。故选C。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic(以从业者而不是学者的实用角度来撰写)”和“highly accessible and informative(非常易懂且提供有用信息)”可以推断,这本书很接地气(down-to-earth)。故选B。
3. C　细节理解题。倒数第三段中的“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence(她说我们有必要控制人工智能)”提出了Campbell对人工智能的态度。再根据倒数第二段中的“wake up those responsible for AI(唤醒那些为AI负责的人)” “act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity (现在就行动起来,防止发生人类灭绝级别的事件)”和“global regulation (全球监管)”可知,Campbell敦促人们团结一致,控制AI的发展。故选C。
4. A　主旨要义题,考查文章写作目的。文章主要是围绕对AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence这本书的介绍和评价展开的,包括书的作者及其写作能力、书的风格和内容等。由最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.(AI将影响所有人,如果你只读一本有关AI的书,那这本就没错了)”可知,作者写作本文的目的是推荐这本书。故选A。
2023
01-2023新课标Ⅰ，A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ￠7.50 ￠5.00
3 hours ￠11.00 ￠7.50
1 day(24 hours) ￠14.75 ￠9.75
Each additional day ￠8.00 ￠6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5?hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount.
B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours.
D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. 15.75. B. 19.50.
C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer Windmill.
B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.
D. Dam Square.
答案
[语篇解读]本文是应用文，主题语境为人与社会，主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹租用自行车出去旅行的相关事宜。
1. B 细节理解题。根据题干关键词an advantage of MacBike可定位到第二段。根据“With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.”可知，在重要地段有五家可以出租自行车的店铺，有超过2，500辆自行车（而非店铺，可排除D项）。由第二段最后一句中的in a wide variety可知，MacBike提供了很多种自行车供游客选择。故选B。A、C两项文中未提及。
2. C细节理解题。本题问价格，可定位到表格部分。根据题干关键词a bike with hand brake and three gears可定位到表格第二列。一辆有手刹和三排挡的自行车租一天需要14.75欧元，每增加一天需额外支付8欧元，由此可知，一辆有手刹和三排挡的自行车租两天的价格是14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
3. D细节理解题。根据题干关键词the guided city tour可定位到最后一段。根据“The tour departs from Dam Square...”可知，旅游团从Dam Square出发。故选D。
长难句
With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.
译文 我们在重要位置的5家租赁商店里存放了超过2，500辆自行车，确保总会有一辆自行车可供您使用。
分析 句中with的复合结构作状语，主语为we，谓语make sure后为省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句使用了there be句型。
重点词汇
economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节约的
explore v.探索，勘探
countless adj.数不清的
at strategic locations 在重要位置
available adj.可用的，可获得的，有空的
depart v.出发，离开
02-2023新课标Ⅰ，B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how na