中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025年秋新外研版七年级上册Starter Welcome to junior high课时4
Words and expressions
教师姓名: 班级: 使用时间: .
①* lab /l b/ n.
用法:
1. 基本含义
"lab" 是 laboratory(实验室)的缩写,在初中阶段多作可数名词,指用于科学实验、研究或教学的场所。
eg:We often do chemistry experiments in the lab.(我们经常在实验室做化学实验。)
2. 常见搭配
science lab 科学实验室
chemistry lab 化学实验室
physics lab 物理实验室
biology lab 生物实验室
computer lab 计算机实验室(也可写作 "computer laboratory",但 "lab" 更口语化、常用)
language lab 语音实验室
3. 用法注意
"lab" 本身是可数名词,复数形式为 "labs"。
eg:Our school has three labs: a chemistry lab, a physics lab and a biology lab.(我们学校有三个实验室:一个化学实验室、一个物理实验室和一个生物实验室。)
与介词搭配:"在实验室里" 常用 "in the lab"。
eg:The teacher is explaining the experiment in the lab.
(老师正在实验室里讲解实验。)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.We can use computers to practice English in the _______.
A. lab B. language lab C. science lab D. playground
2.Students must follow the rules when doing experiments in the ____.
A. Library B. lab C. classroom D. dining hall
3.Our school has a new ____ with advanced equipment for biology classes.
A. biology lab B. music room C. gym D. auditorium
4.The ______ is on the third floor. We have chemistry classes there.
A. computer lab B. chemistry lab C. language lab D. art room
二、用 "lab" 或其相关搭配填空
1.We need to wear safety glasses in the _________ when doing chemistry experiments.
2.The ___________ has 30 computers, so each student can use one.
3.Our class will have a physics experiment in the _________ this afternoon.
4.The _______ is a good place to practice listening and speaking skills.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.我们的科学实验室很大很干净。
Our _______ ____ is big and clean.
2.学生们正在生物实验室里观察植物。
The students are observing plants in the _______ ____.
3.请在进入实验室前穿上白大褂。
Please put on the white coat before entering the _______.
4.计算机实验室里的电脑都是新的。
The computers in the _______ _____ are all new.
参考答案:
一、单项选择
1.B 2. B 3. A 4. B
二、用 "lab" 或其相关搭配填空
1.lab 2. computer lab 3. physics lab 4. language lab
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.science lab 2. biology lab 3. lab 4. computer lab
②*tick /t k/ v./n.
用法:
1. 作动词。
1)表示 “发出滴答声”(尤指钟表等):
eg:The old clock ticks loudly in the quiet room.(在安静的房间里,那座旧钟滴答作响。)
2)表示 “打勾;标记(正确项)”(常用于核对清单、选择题等):
eg:Please tick the correct answer.(请在正确答案上打勾。)
3)口语中表示 “(时间)慢慢过去”:
eg:We waited as the minutes ticked by.(我们等着,一分一分地过去。)
2. 作名词。
1)表示 “滴答声”:
eg:I could hear the tick of the clock.(我能听到钟表的滴答声。)
2)表示 “(核对时画的)勾号”:
eg:Put a tick next to the items you have finished.(在你完成的项目旁打个勾。)
3)表示 “蜱虫”(一种吸血的小昆虫,初中阶段较少涉及,了解即可):
eg:Be careful of ticks when walking in the forest.
(在森林里散步时要小心蜱虫。)
3. 常见搭配
tick off 打勾标记;列举(口语)
eg:She ticked off the names on the list.(她在名单上的名字旁打了勾。)
tick away (时间)一分一秒过去
eg:The hours ticked away while we waited.
(我们等待时,几个小时过去了。)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.The clock on the wall _____ all night, so I couldn’t sleep.
A. ticks B. ticked C. ticking D. to tick
2.Please _______ the box if you agree with the statement.
A. tick B. take C. make D. put
3.We sat in silence as the minutes _______ by.
A. took B. ticked C. kept D. turned
4.I heard a loud _______ from the old watch.
A. tick B. ticking C. ticks D. to tick
二、用 "tick" 的适当形式填空
1.The little boy watched the clock ____ (tick) and waited for his mom.
2.She _______ (tick) all the correct answers in the test yesterday.
3.The ____ (tick) of the clock made the room feel even quieter.
4.Please _____ (tick) your name when you arrive.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.请在你喜欢的食物旁边打勾。
Please _______ _______ the foods you like.
2.钟表的滴答声让我很放松。
The _______ of the clock makes me relaxed.
3.时间一分一秒地过去,但他还没到。
The time _______ _______, but he still didn’t arrive.
4.老师让我们在正确的句子后面画勾。
The teacher asked us to ______________ the correct sentences.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1.B 2. A 3. B 4. A
二、用 "tick" 的适当形式填空
1.ticking 2. ticked 3. tick 4. tick
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.tick beside 2. tick 3. ticked away 4. put a tick after
③*correct /k rekt/ adj./n.
用法:
1. 作形容词
基本含义:正确的;对的(用于描述答案、做法、信息等符合事实或标准)。
eg:What’s the correct answer to this question (这个问题的正确答案是什么?)
延伸含义:恰当的;合适的(强调符合场合、规则等)。
eg:It’s not correct to speak loudly in the library.(在图书馆大声说话是不合适的。)
2. 作动词
含义:改正;纠正(指修改错误、偏差,使符合正确标准)。
eg:The teacher helped me correct my spelling mistakes.(老师帮我纠正了拼写错误。)
常见搭配:
correct oneself 纠正自己(的说法或做法)
eg:He said “five” first, then corrected himself to “four”.(他一开始说 “五”,后来纠正自己说是 “四”。)
correct mistakes 改正错误
eg:You should correct your mistakes before handing in the homework.(交作业前你应该改正错误。)
3. 派生词(初中常见)
correctly(副词):正确地;恰当地
eg:She answered all the questions correctly.(她所有问题都回答对了。)
correction(名词):改正;纠正;修改
eg:Please make corrections to your essay.(请修改你的作文。)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.Please tell me the _______ way to solve this math problem.
A. correct B. wrong C. bad D. easy
2.The teacher asked Tom to _______ his pronunciation.
A. correct B. collect C. connect D. complete
3.If you answer the question _______, you’ll get a point.
A. correct B. correctly C. correcting D. correction
4.It’s _______ to wait for your turn in the queue.
A. correct B. incorrect C. correctly D. correction
二、用 "correct" 及其派生词填空
1.She speaks English _________ (correct), so her teacher often praises her.
2.After several __________ (correct), the report is finally perfect.
3.Please check your answers and ________ (correct) any mistakes.
4.Is this the _______ (correct) time for the meeting I don’t want to be late.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.请纠正我作业中的错误。
Please __________ the mistakes in my homework.
2.他的答案是正确的。
His answer is _______.
3.你必须学会正确地使用标点符号。
You must learn to use punctuation _________.
4.老师让我们把作文中的修改写清楚。
The teacher asked us to make the __________in our composition clear.
参考答案:
一、单项选择
1.A 2. A 3. B 4. A
二、用 "correct" 及其派生词填空
1.correctly 2. corrections 3. correct 4. correct
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.correct 2. correct 3. correctly 4. corrections
④* sentence / sent ns/ n./v.
用法:
1. 作名词(最常用)。基本含义:句子(指语法上完整的语言单位,通常包含主语和谓语,表达一个完整的意思)。
eg:A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.
(简单句有一个主语和一个谓语。)
常见搭配:
make a sentence 造句
eg:Please make a sentence with the word “happy”.
(请用 “happy” 造一个句子。)
complete sentence 完整句
eg:Your answer should be a complete sentence, not just a word.
(你的回答应该是完整句,而不只是一个词。)
sentence structure 句子结构
eg:We need to learn about basic sentence structure in English class.(英语课上我们需要学习基本的句子结构。)
2. 作动词(初中较少见,了解即可)
含义:判决;宣判(指法庭对罪犯作出处罚决定)。
eg:The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.
(法官判他三年监禁。)
3. 派生词(初中常见)
sentential(形容词):句子的;与句子有关的(较少使用)
eg:We need to analyze the sentential structure.
(我们需要分析句子结构。)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.Can you _______ a sentence with the word “difficult”
A. do B. make C. take D. get
2.A _______ usually has a subject and a verb.
A. word B. sentence C. letter D. phrase
3.Please write down the _______ on the blackboard.
A. sentence B. sentences C. sentential D. sentencing
4.The teacher asked us to analyze the _____ structure of the passage.
A. sentence B. sentences C. sentential D. sentenced
二、用 "sentence" 的适当形式填空
1.This _______ (sentence) is too long. Can you shorten it
2.The students are practicing _______ (sentence) making in class.
3.How many ___________ (sentence) are there in this paragraph
4.She can’t speak a complete _______ (sentence) in English yet.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.请用 “important” 造一个句子。
Please _______ _______ _______ with “important”.
2.这个句子有语法错误。
There is a grammar mistake in this _______.
3.我们需要学习不同的句子结构。
We need to learn different _______ ___________.
4.每个段落至少有三个句子。
Each paragraph has at least three _________.
参考答案:
一、单项选择
1.B 2. B 3. B 4. A
二、用 "sentence" 的适当形式填空
1.sentence 2. sentence 3. sentences 4. sentence
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.make a sentence 2. sentence 3. sentence structures 4. sentences
⑤* ones /w nz/
用法:
"ones" 是代词,是 one 的复数形式,主要用于 代替前面提到过的可数名词复数,以避免重复。其用法需注意以下几点:
1.指代前文出现的可数名词复数
当上文提到过某类可数名词复数时,用 "ones" 代替,避免重复。
eg:I like red apples better than green ones.
(我喜欢红苹果胜过绿苹果。)(ones 代替前文的 apples)
These books are old. I want new ones.
(这些书旧了,我想要新的。)(ones 代替前文的 books)
2.可被形容词、指示代词、物主代词等修饰
修饰 "ones" 的词需放在其前面,常见的有形容词(如 big, small)、指示代词(如 these, those)、物主代词(如 my, your)等。
eg:The cheap pens are not good. I’ll buy the expensive ones.
(便宜的笔不好,我要买贵的。)(形容词 expensive 修饰 ones,代替 pens)
These shoes are too tight. Can I try those ones (这双鞋太紧了,我能试试那双吗?)(指示代词 those 修饰 ones,代替 shoes)
3.不能直接单独使用,必须指代前文出现的名词
"ones" 本身没有具体含义,必须依赖前文提到的可数名词复数,否则句子不完整。
错误例句:I need ones.(缺少指代的名词,应改为 I need new ones. 并前文提到过具体名词,如 books 等)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.The white shirts are clean, but the black _______ are dirty.
A. one B. ones C. it D. them
2.I don’t like these small apples. Please give me the big _______.
A. one B. ones C. apple D. apples
3.— Do you prefer the old magazines or the new _______
— The new _______ are more interesting.
A. one; one B. ones; ones C. one; ones D. ones; one
4.My shoes are broken. I need to buy new _____.
A. one B. it C. ones D. them
二、用 "one" 或 "ones" 填空
1.This pen is too short. I want a long _______.
2.These books are boring. The other _______ are more interesting.
3.I like the red dress better than the blue _______.
4.The small cups are cheap, but the big _______ are expensive.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.这些椅子不舒服,我想要那些舒服的。
These chairs are uncomfortable. I want _______ _________ _____.
2.我喜欢这些故事,不喜欢那些旧的。
I like these stories, not _______ _______ _______.
3.这个书包太重了,你能给我一个轻的吗?
This schoolbag is too heavy. Can you give me a light _______
4.这些苹果很甜,但那些小的不甜。
These apples are sweet, but _______ _______ _______ are not.
参考答案:
一、单项选择
1.B 2. B 3. B 4. C
二、用 "one" 或 "ones" 填空
1.one 2. ones 3. one 4. ones
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.those comfortable ones 2.those old ones 3.one 4.those small ones
⑥*play /ple / v./n.
用法:
1. 作动词(最常用)
含义 1:玩;玩耍
搭配:play + 球类 / 棋类(不加冠词)
eg:They often play basketball after school.(他们放学后常打篮球。)
Can you play chess (你会下象棋吗?)
含义 2:演奏(乐器)
搭配:play + the + 乐器(必须加定冠词 the)
eg:She plays the piano very well.(她钢琴弹得很好。)
My brother is learning to play the guitar.(我弟弟在学弹吉他。)
含义 3:参加(比赛 / 运动)
eg:He will play in the football match tomorrow.
(他将参加明天的足球赛。)
含义 4:扮演(角色)
eg:She played the role of a princess in the play.(她在剧中扮演公主。)
2. 作名词
含义 1:游戏;玩耍
eg:Children are at play in the park.(孩子们在公园玩耍。)
含义 2:剧本;戏剧
eg:We will watch a new play this weekend.
(这周末我们要去看一部新剧。)
Exercises
一、用 play 的适当形式填空:
1.He _______ (play) football every Saturday.
2.My sister likes _______ (play) the violin.
二、选择填空:
They often _______ chess in the evening.
A. play the B. play C. plays
三、翻译句子:
她在学校乐队里吹长笛。
参考答案:
一、1.plays;2.playing
二、B
三、She plays the flute in the school band.
⑦*good /ɡ d/ adj.
词性:形容词(反义词:bad /b d/)
含义:好的;优良的;令人满意的,在初中阶段主要用于描述人、事物或行为的品质、状态等。
1. 基本用法:作定语,修饰名词
描述人或事物的品质、性质。
eg:
She is a good student.(她是个好学生。)
This is a good book.(这是一本好书。)
描述 “合适的、恰当的”。
eg:
It’s a good time to plant trees in spring.(春天是种树的好时候。)
2. 作表语,用于系动词后
常见系动词:be(is/am/are)、feel、look 等。
eg:The food tastes good.(这食物尝起来很好。)
You look good in this dress.(你穿这条裙子很好看。)
3. 常用搭配
be good at + 名词 /doing sth:擅长(做)某事
eg:He is good at playing basketball.(他擅长打篮球。)
be good for:对…… 有好处
eg:Eating fruit is good for your health.(吃水果对你的健康有好处。)
be good to:对…… 友好
eg:My teacher is always good to us.(我的老师总是对我们很友好。)
a good many + 可数名词复数:许多(后接可数名词)
eg:A good many students like English.(许多学生喜欢英语。)
Exercises
一、用 good 的适当形式填空(提示:good 比较级为 better,最高级为 best):
1.This movie is _______, but that one is _______.(好;更好)
2.She is _______ at singing than her sister.
二、选择填空:
Vegetables _______ good _______ our bodies.
A. is; for B. are; for C. are; to
三、翻译句子:
1.他擅长游泳。
2.每天锻炼对我们有好处。
参考答案:
一、1.good;better;2.better
二、B(解析:vegetables 是复数,be 动词用 are;“对…… 有好处” 用 be good for)
三、1.He is good at swimming.
2.Exercising every day is good for us.(或 It is good for us to exercise every day.)
⑧*well /wel/
1. 作副词(最常用)
含义:好;令人满意地,主要用来修饰动词,说明动作的方式或程度。
修饰实义动词(如 play, sing, do 等):
eg:
She plays the piano well.(她钢琴弹得好。)
He speaks English well.(他英语说得好。)
用于固定搭配 “do well in”(= be good at):擅长……
eg:Li Ming does well in math.(李明擅长数学。)
2. 作形容词
含义:健康的;身体好的(仅用于此义,不作定语修饰名词)。
常用搭配:be well(身体好)、feel well(感觉舒服)
eg:
Is your mother well (你妈妈身体好吗?)
After resting, I feel well now.(休息后,我现在感觉好多了。)
3. 其他用法
作感叹词:表示惊讶、同意等,意为 “嗯;好吧;哦”。
eg:Well, let’s start our class.(好吧,我们开始上课吧。)
用于固定短语 “as well”:也;还(相当于 too,放在句末)。
eg:I like English, and I like math as well.(我喜欢英语,也喜欢数学。)
4.易混点辨析(good vs well)
词性 用法 例句对比
good 形容词,修饰名词或作表语 She is a good singer.(她是个好歌手。)
well 副词,修饰动词;形容词(表健康) She sings well.(她唱得好。)She is well.(她身体好。)
Exercises
一、用 good 或 well 填空:
1.This is a _______ story.
2.He swims very _______.
3.My grandma is _______ now.
二、选择填空:
1.Lucy _______ in dancing.
A. does good B. does well C. is well
三、翻译句子:
1.他篮球打得不好。
2.吃蔬菜对保持健康有好处。
参考答案
一、1.good;2.well;3.well
二、B(解析:“擅长……” 用 do well in,固定搭配)
三、1.He doesn’t play basketball well.
Eating vegetables is good for keeping well.(或 Eating vegetables helps keep well.)
⑨*exercise / eks sa z/ n./v.
用法:
作名词
(1)表示 “锻炼”(不可数名词,强调抽象的运动行为)
指通过运动增强体质的活动,无复数形式。
eg:Doing more exercise is good for your health.(多锻炼对你的健康有好处。)
She takes exercise every morning.(她每天早上锻炼。)
(2)表示 “练习、习题”(可数名词,强调具体的练习内容)
指课堂练习、练习题等,有复数形式 exercises。
eg:We have many math exercises to do.(我们有很多数学练习题要做。)
The teacher asked us to finish the English exercises.(老师让我们完成英语练习。)
(3)表示 “(军事或体育)训练、活动”(可数名词)
指有组织的训练或活动,常用复数形式。
eg:The soldiers are doing morning exercises.(士兵们正在做早操。)
2. 作动词
含义:锻炼;训练;练习(后接名词或动名词)。
例句:
He exercises every day to keep fit.(他每天锻炼以保持健康。)
She often exercises her English by speaking.(她经常通过说英语来练习。)
3. 常用搭配
do exercise:做锻炼(不可数,强调运动)
do exercises:做练习题;做体操(可数,强调具体内容)
take exercise:进行锻炼(固定短语,不可数)
4. 易混点提示
当表示 “锻炼” 时,exercise 是不可数名词,不能加 “s”;
当表示 “练习题、体操” 时,是可数名词,复数形式为 exercises。
Exercises
一、用 exercise 的适当形式填空:
1.We should do more _______ to stay healthy.
2.The PE teacher asks us to do morning _______.
3.There are 20 ________ in this English workbook.
二、选择填空:
My father _______ for an hour every evening.
A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising
三、翻译句子:
1.你每天做多少锻炼?
2.完成这些数学练习后,我们可以休息一下。
参考答案:
一、1.exercise(锻炼,不可数);2.exercises(早操,可数);3.exercises(练习题,可数)
二、B(解析:主语 my father 是第三人称单数,动词用 exercises)
三、1.How much exercise do you do every day
2.After finishing these math exercises, we can have a rest.
⑩*after / ɑ ft (r)/
用法:
1. 作介词(最常用)
表示 “在…… 之后”,后接名词、代词、动名词(doing)等,强调时间、顺序或位置。
1)时间上的 “在…… 之后”:
eg:
We have a meeting after lunch.(我们午饭后有个会议。)
He went to bed after finishing his homework.(他做完作业后才睡觉。)
After 10 o’clock, the park closes.(10 点后,公园关门。)
2)顺序或位置上的 “在…… 后面”:
eg:
Your name comes after mine on the list.(名单上你的名字在我后面。)
The cat is hiding after the door.(猫藏在门后面。)
dog when I’m away.(我不在时请照顾我的狗。)
2. 作连词
引导时间状语从句,意为 “在…… 之后”,从句常用一般现在时表将来(主将来,从现在)。
eg:
I’ll call you after I arrive in Beijing.(我到北京后给你打电话。)
After she finished reading, she wrote a review.(她读完后写了一篇评论。)
3. 作副词
意为 “后来;以后”,通常用于句末或句首(口语中),不接宾语。
eg:
We met again many years after.(多年后我们再次相遇。)
After, we went to the cinema.(之后,我们去看了电影。)
hen I’m away.(我不在时请照顾我的狗。)
4. 作形容词(较少见)
意为 “以后的;后来的”,仅用于名词前作定语。
例句:
In after years, he became a famous writer.(在后来的岁月里,他成了著名作家。)
5. 常用搭配
after all:毕竟;终究(用于解释或补充说明)
eg:It’s not surprising she’s tired. After all, she worked all night.(她累不奇怪,毕竟她熬了一整夜。)
look after:照顾;照料(= take care of)
eg:Please look after my dog when I’m away.(我不在时请照顾我的狗。)
6.易混点辨析(after vs in)
介词 用法 例句
after 后接时间点(如具体时刻、事件),可用于过去、现在、将来时 He left after 3 o’clock.(他 3 点后离开的。)I’ll go after dinner.(我晚饭后走。)
in 后接时间段(如小时、天、年),仅用于将来时 He will come back in an hour.(他一小时后回来。)
Exercises
一、用 after 或 in 填空:
1.We will have a test _______ three days.
2.She felt better _______ taking the medicine.
3.He usually goes for a walk _______ supper.
二、选择填空:
I will tell him the news _______ he comes back.
A. after B. in C. at
三、翻译句子:
1.看完电影后,他们去吃了晚饭。
2.毕竟,他还是个孩子。
参考答案:
一、1.in(时间段,将来时);2.after(动名词,表 “在…… 之后”);3.after(名词,表 “在…… 之后”)
二、A(解析:引导时间状语从句,用 after 表示 “在…… 之后”)
三、1.After watching the movie, they went to have dinner.
2.After all, he is still a child.
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025年秋新外研版七年级上册Starter Welcome to junior high课时4
Words and expressions
学生姓名: 班级: 使用时间: .
①* lab /l b/ n.
用法:
1. 基本含义
"lab" 是 laboratory(实验室)的缩写,在初中阶段多作可数名词,指用于科学实验、研究或教学的场所。
eg:We often do chemistry experiments in the lab.(我们经常在实验室做化学实验。)
2. 常见搭配
science lab 科学实验室
chemistry lab 化学实验室
physics lab 物理实验室
biology lab 生物实验室
computer lab 计算机实验室(也可写作 "computer laboratory",但 "lab" 更口语化、常用)
language lab 语音实验室
3. 用法注意
"lab" 本身是可数名词,复数形式为 "labs"。
eg:Our school has three labs: a chemistry lab, a physics lab and a biology lab.(我们学校有三个实验室:一个化学实验室、一个物理实验室和一个生物实验室。)
与介词搭配:"在实验室里" 常用 "in the lab"。
eg:The teacher is explaining the experiment in the lab.
(老师正在实验室里讲解实验。)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.We can use computers to practice English in the _______.
A. lab B. language lab C. science lab D. playground
2.Students must follow the rules when doing experiments in the ____.
A. Library B. lab C. classroom D. dining hall
3.Our school has a new ____ with advanced equipment for biology classes.
A. biology lab B. music room C. gym D. auditorium
4.The ______ is on the third floor. We have chemistry classes there.
A. computer lab B. chemistry lab C. language lab D. art room
二、用 "lab" 或其相关搭配填空
1.We need to wear safety glasses in the _________ when doing chemistry experiments.
2.The ___________ has 30 computers, so each student can use one.
3.Our class will have a physics experiment in the _________ this afternoon.
4.The _______ is a good place to practice listening and speaking skills.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.我们的科学实验室很大很干净。
Our _______ ____ is big and clean.
2.学生们正在生物实验室里观察植物。
The students are observing plants in the _______ ____.
3.请在进入实验室前穿上白大褂。
Please put on the white coat before entering the _______.
4.计算机实验室里的电脑都是新的。
The computers in the _______ _____ are all new.
②*tick /t k/ v./n.
用法:
1. 作动词。
1)表示 “发出滴答声”(尤指钟表等):
eg:The old clock ticks loudly in the quiet room.(在安静的房间里,那座旧钟滴答作响。)
2)表示 “打勾;标记(正确项)”(常用于核对清单、选择题等):
eg:Please tick the correct answer.(请在正确答案上打勾。)
3)口语中表示 “(时间)慢慢过去”:
eg:We waited as the minutes ticked by.(我们等着,一分一分地过去。)
2. 作名词。
1)表示 “滴答声”:
eg:I could hear the tick of the clock.(我能听到钟表的滴答声。)
2)表示 “(核对时画的)勾号”:
eg:Put a tick next to the items you have finished.(在你完成的项目旁打个勾。)
3)表示 “蜱虫”(一种吸血的小昆虫,初中阶段较少涉及,了解即可):
eg:Be careful of ticks when walking in the forest.
(在森林里散步时要小心蜱虫。)
3. 常见搭配
tick off 打勾标记;列举(口语)
eg:She ticked off the names on the list.(她在名单上的名字旁打了勾。)
tick away (时间)一分一秒过去
eg:The hours ticked away while we waited.
(我们等待时,几个小时过去了。)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.The clock on the wall _____ all night, so I couldn’t sleep.
A. ticks B. ticked C. ticking D. to tick
2.Please _______ the box if you agree with the statement.
A. tick B. take C. make D. put
3.We sat in silence as the minutes _______ by.
A. took B. ticked C. kept D. turned
4.I heard a loud _______ from the old watch.
A. tick B. ticking C. ticks D. to tick
二、用 "tick" 的适当形式填空
1.The little boy watched the clock ____ (tick) and waited for his mom.
2.She _______ (tick) all the correct answers in the test yesterday.
3.The ____ (tick) of the clock made the room feel even quieter.
4.Please _____ (tick) your name when you arrive.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.请在你喜欢的食物旁边打勾。
Please _______ _______ the foods you like.
2.钟表的滴答声让我很放松。
The _______ of the clock makes me relaxed.
3.时间一分一秒地过去,但他还没到。
The time _______ _______, but he still didn’t arrive.
4.老师让我们在正确的句子后面画勾。
The teacher asked us to ______________ the correct sentences.
③*correct /k rekt/ adj./n.
用法:
1. 作形容词
基本含义:正确的;对的(用于描述答案、做法、信息等符合事实或标准)。
eg:What’s the correct answer to this question (这个问题的正确答案是什么?)
延伸含义:恰当的;合适的(强调符合场合、规则等)。
eg:It’s not correct to speak loudly in the library.(在图书馆大声说话是不合适的。)
2. 作动词
含义:改正;纠正(指修改错误、偏差,使符合正确标准)。
eg:The teacher helped me correct my spelling mistakes.(老师帮我纠正了拼写错误。)
常见搭配:
correct oneself 纠正自己(的说法或做法)
eg:He said “five” first, then corrected himself to “four”.(他一开始说 “五”,后来纠正自己说是 “四”。)
correct mistakes 改正错误
eg:You should correct your mistakes before handing in the homework.(交作业前你应该改正错误。)
3. 派生词(初中常见)
correctly(副词):正确地;恰当地
eg:She answered all the questions correctly.(她所有问题都回答对了。)
correction(名词):改正;纠正;修改
eg:Please make corrections to your essay.(请修改你的作文。)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.Please tell me the _______ way to solve this math problem.
A. correct B. wrong C. bad D. easy
2.The teacher asked Tom to _______ his pronunciation.
A. correct B. collect C. connect D. complete
3.If you answer the question _______, you’ll get a point.
A. correct B. correctly C. correcting D. correction
4.It’s _______ to wait for your turn in the queue.
A. correct B. incorrect C. correctly D. correction
二、用 "correct" 及其派生词填空
1.She speaks English _________ (correct), so her teacher often praises her.
2.After several __________ (correct), the report is finally perfect.
3.Please check your answers and ________ (correct) any mistakes.
4.Is this the _______ (correct) time for the meeting I don’t want to be late.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.请纠正我作业中的错误。
Please __________ the mistakes in my homework.
2.他的答案是正确的。
His answer is _______.
3.你必须学会正确地使用标点符号。
You must learn to use punctuation _________.
4.老师让我们把作文中的修改写清楚。
The teacher asked us to make the __________in our composition clear.
④* sentence / sent ns/ n./v.
用法:
1. 作名词(最常用)。基本含义:句子(指语法上完整的语言单位,通常包含主语和谓语,表达一个完整的意思)。
eg:A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.
(简单句有一个主语和一个谓语。)
常见搭配:
make a sentence 造句
eg:Please make a sentence with the word “happy”.
(请用 “happy” 造一个句子。)
complete sentence 完整句
eg:Your answer should be a complete sentence, not just a word.
(你的回答应该是完整句,而不只是一个词。)
sentence structure 句子结构
eg:We need to learn about basic sentence structure in English class.(英语课上我们需要学习基本的句子结构。)
2. 作动词(初中较少见,了解即可)
含义:判决;宣判(指法庭对罪犯作出处罚决定)。
eg:The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.
(法官判他三年监禁。)
3. 派生词(初中常见)
sentential(形容词):句子的;与句子有关的(较少使用)
eg:We need to analyze the sentential structure.
(我们需要分析句子结构。)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.Can you _______ a sentence with the word “difficult”
A. do B. make C. take D. get
2.A _______ usually has a subject and a verb.
A. word B. sentence C. letter D. phrase
3.Please write down the _______ on the blackboard.
A. sentence B. sentences C. sentential D. sentencing
4.The teacher asked us to analyze the _____ structure of the passage.
A. sentence B. sentences C. sentential D. sentenced
二、用 "sentence" 的适当形式填空
1.This _______ (sentence) is too long. Can you shorten it
2.The students are practicing _______ (sentence) making in class.
3.How many ___________ (sentence) are there in this paragraph
4.She can’t speak a complete _______ (sentence) in English yet.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.请用 “important” 造一个句子。
Please _______ _______ _______ with “important”.
2.这个句子有语法错误。
There is a grammar mistake in this _______.
3.我们需要学习不同的句子结构。
We need to learn different _______ ___________.
4.每个段落至少有三个句子。
Each paragraph has at least three _________.
⑤* ones /w nz/
用法:
"ones" 是代词,是 one 的复数形式,主要用于 代替前面提到过的可数名词复数,以避免重复。其用法需注意以下几点:
1.指代前文出现的可数名词复数
当上文提到过某类可数名词复数时,用 "ones" 代替,避免重复。
eg:I like red apples better than green ones.
(我喜欢红苹果胜过绿苹果。)(ones 代替前文的 apples)
These books are old. I want new ones.
(这些书旧了,我想要新的。)(ones 代替前文的 books)
2.可被形容词、指示代词、物主代词等修饰
修饰 "ones" 的词需放在其前面,常见的有形容词(如 big, small)、指示代词(如 these, those)、物主代词(如 my, your)等。
eg:The cheap pens are not good. I’ll buy the expensive ones.
(便宜的笔不好,我要买贵的。)(形容词 expensive 修饰 ones,代替 pens)
These shoes are too tight. Can I try those ones (这双鞋太紧了,我能试试那双吗?)(指示代词 those 修饰 ones,代替 shoes)
3.不能直接单独使用,必须指代前文出现的名词
"ones" 本身没有具体含义,必须依赖前文提到的可数名词复数,否则句子不完整。
错误例句:I need ones.(缺少指代的名词,应改为 I need new ones. 并前文提到过具体名词,如 books 等)
Exercises
一、单项选择
1.The white shirts are clean, but the black _______ are dirty.
A. one B. ones C. it D. them
2.I don’t like these small apples. Please give me the big _______.
A. one B. ones C. apple D. apples
3.— Do you prefer the old magazines or the new _______
— The new _______ are more interesting.
A. one; one B. ones; ones C. one; ones D. ones; one
4.My shoes are broken. I need to buy new _____.
A. one B. it C. ones D. them
二、用 "one" 或 "ones" 填空
1.This pen is too short. I want a long _______.
2.These books are boring. The other _______ are more interesting.
3.I like the red dress better than the blue _______.
4.The small cups are cheap, but the big _______ are expensive.
三、根据中文提示完成句子
1.这些椅子不舒服,我想要那些舒服的。
These chairs are uncomfortable. I want _______ _________ _____.
2.我喜欢这些故事,不喜欢那些旧的。
I like these stories, not _______ _______ _______.
3.这个书包太重了,你能给我一个轻的吗?
This schoolbag is too heavy. Can you give me a light _______
4.这些苹果很甜,但那些小的不甜。
These apples are sweet, but _______ _______ _______ are not.
⑥*play /ple / v./n.
用法:
1. 作动词(最常用)
含义 1:玩;玩耍
搭配:play + 球类 / 棋类(不加冠词)
eg:They often play basketball after school.(他们放学后常打篮球。)
Can you play chess (你会下象棋吗?)
含义 2:演奏(乐器)
搭配:play + the + 乐器(必须加定冠词 the)
eg:She plays the piano very well.(她钢琴弹得很好。)
My brother is learning to play the guitar.(我弟弟在学弹吉他。)
含义 3:参加(比赛 / 运动)
eg:He will play in the football match tomorrow.
(他将参加明天的足球赛。)
含义 4:扮演(角色)
eg:She played the role of a princess in the play.(她在剧中扮演公主。)
2. 作名词
含义 1:游戏;玩耍
eg:Children are at play in the park.(孩子们在公园玩耍。)
含义 2:剧本;戏剧
eg:We will watch a new play this weekend.
(这周末我们要去看一部新剧。)
Exercises
一、用 play 的适当形式填空:
1.He _______ (play) football every Saturday.
2.My sister likes _______ (play) the violin.
二、选择填空:
They often _______ chess in the evening.
A. play the B. play C. plays
三、翻译句子:
她在学校乐队里吹长笛。
⑦*good /ɡ d/ adj.
词性:形容词(反义词:bad /b d/)
含义:好的;优良的;令人满意的,在初中阶段主要用于描述人、事物或行为的品质、状态等。
1. 基本用法:作定语,修饰名词
描述人或事物的品质、性质。
eg:
She is a good student.(她是个好学生。)
This is a good book.(这是一本好书。)
描述 “合适的、恰当的”。
eg:
It’s a good time to plant trees in spring.(春天是种树的好时候。)
2. 作表语,用于系动词后
常见系动词:be(is/am/are)、feel、look 等。
eg:The food tastes good.(这食物尝起来很好。)
You look good in this dress.(你穿这条裙子很好看。)
3. 常用搭配
be good at + 名词 /doing sth:擅长(做)某事
eg:He is good at playing basketball.(他擅长打篮球。)
be good for:对…… 有好处
eg:Eating fruit is good for your health.(吃水果对你的健康有好处。)
be good to:对…… 友好
eg:My teacher is always good to us.(我的老师总是对我们很友好。)
a good many + 可数名词复数:许多(后接可数名词)
eg:A good many students like English.(许多学生喜欢英语。)
Exercises
一、用 good 的适当形式填空(提示:good 比较级为 better,最高级为 best):
1.This movie is _______, but that one is _______.(好;更好)
2.She is _______ at singing than her sister.
二、选择填空:
Vegetables _______ good _______ our bodies.
A. is; for B. are; for C. are; to
三、翻译句子:
1.他擅长游泳。
2.每天锻炼对我们有好处。
⑧*well /wel/
1. 作副词(最常用)
含义:好;令人满意地,主要用来修饰动词,说明动作的方式或程度。
修饰实义动词(如 play, sing, do 等):
eg:
She plays the piano well.(她钢琴弹得好。)
He speaks English well.(他英语说得好。)
用于固定搭配 “do well in”(= be good at):擅长……
eg:Li Ming does well in math.(李明擅长数学。)
2. 作形容词
含义:健康的;身体好的(仅用于此义,不作定语修饰名词)。
常用搭配:be well(身体好)、feel well(感觉舒服)
eg:
Is your mother well (你妈妈身体好吗?)
After resting, I feel well now.(休息后,我现在感觉好多了。)
3. 其他用法
作感叹词:表示惊讶、同意等,意为 “嗯;好吧;哦”。
eg:Well, let’s start our class.(好吧,我们开始上课吧。)
用于固定短语 “as well”:也;还(相当于 too,放在句末)。
eg:I like English, and I like math as well.(我喜欢英语,也喜欢数学。)
4.易混点辨析(good vs well)
词性 用法 例句对比
good 形容词,修饰名词或作表语 She is a good singer.(她是个好歌手。)
well 副词,修饰动词;形容词(表健康) She sings well.(她唱得好。)She is well.(她身体好。)
Exercises
一、用 good 或 well 填空:
1.This is a _______ story.
2.He swims very _______.
3.My grandma is _______ now.
二、选择填空:
1.Lucy _______ in dancing.
A. does good B. does well C. is well
三、翻译句子:
1.他篮球打得不好。
2.吃蔬菜对保持健康有好处。
⑨*exercise / eks sa z/ n./v.
用法:
作名词
(1)表示 “锻炼”(不可数名词,强调抽象的运动行为)
指通过运动增强体质的活动,无复数形式。
eg:Doing more exercise is good for your health.(多锻炼对你的健康有好处。)
She takes exercise every morning.(她每天早上锻炼。)
(2)表示 “练习、习题”(可数名词,强调具体的练习内容)
指课堂练习、练习题等,有复数形式 exercises。
eg:We have many math exercises to do.(我们有很多数学练习题要做。)
The teacher asked us to finish the English exercises.(老师让我们完成英语练习。)
(3)表示 “(军事或体育)训练、活动”(可数名词)
指有组织的训练或活动,常用复数形式。
eg:The soldiers are doing morning exercises.(士兵们正在做早操。)
2. 作动词
含义:锻炼;训练;练习(后接名词或动名词)。
例句:
He exercises every day to keep fit.(他每天锻炼以保持健康。)
She often exercises her English by speaking.(她经常通过说英语来练习。)
3. 常用搭配
do exercise:做锻炼(不可数,强调运动)
do exercises:做练习题;做体操(可数,强调具体内容)
take exercise:进行锻炼(固定短语,不可数)
4. 易混点提示
当表示 “锻炼” 时,exercise 是不可数名词,不能加 “s”;
当表示 “练习题、体操” 时,是可数名词,复数形式为 exercises。
Exercises
一、用 exercise 的适当形式填空:
1.We should do more _______ to stay healthy.
2.The PE teacher asks us to do morning _______.
3.There are 20 ________ in this English workbook.
二、选择填空:
My father _______ for an hour every evening.
A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising
三、翻译句子:
1.你每天做多少锻炼?
2.完成这些数学练习后,我们可以休息一下。
⑩*after / ɑ ft (r)/
用法:
1. 作介词(最常用)
表示 “在…… 之后”,后接名词、代词、动名词(doing)等,强调时间、顺序或位置。
1)时间上的 “在…… 之后”:
eg:
We have a meeting after lunch.(我们午饭后有个会议。)
He went to bed after finishing his homework.(他做完作业后才睡觉。)
After 10 o’clock, the park closes.(10 点后,公园关门。)
2)顺序或位置上的 “在…… 后面”:
eg:
Your name comes after mine on the list.(名单上你的名字在我后面。)
The cat is hiding after the door.(猫藏在门后面。)
dog when I’m away.(我不在时请照顾我的狗。)
2. 作连词
引导时间状语从句,意为 “在…… 之后”,从句常用一般现在时表将来(主将来,从现在)。
eg:
I’ll call you after I arrive in Beijing.(我到北京后给你打电话。)
After she finished reading, she wrote a review.(她读完后写了一篇评论。)
3. 作副词
意为 “后来;以后”,通常用于句末或句首(口语中),不接宾语。
eg:
We met again many years after.(多年后我们再次相遇。)
After, we went to the cinema.(之后,我们去看了电影。)
hen I’m away.(我不在时请照顾我的狗。)
4. 作形容词(较少见)
意为 “以后的;后来的”,仅用于名词前作定语。
例句:
In after years, he became a famous writer.(在后来的岁月里,他成了著名作家。)
5. 常用搭配
after all:毕竟;终究(用于解释或补充说明)
eg:It’s not surprising she’s tired. After all, she worked all night.(她累不奇怪,毕竟她熬了一整夜。)
look after:照顾;照料(= take care of)
eg:Please look after my dog when I’m away.(我不在时请照顾我的狗。)
6.易混点辨析(after vs in)
介词 用法 例句
after 后接时间点(如具体时刻、事件),可用于过去、现在、将来时 He left after 3 o’clock.(他 3 点后离开的。)I’ll go after dinner.(我晚饭后走。)
in 后接时间段(如小时、天、年),仅用于将来时 He will come back in an hour.(他一小时后回来。)
Exercises
一、用 after 或 in 填空:
1.We will have a test _______ three days.
2.She felt better _______ taking the medicine.
3.He usually goes for a walk _______ supper.
二、选择填空:
I will tell him the news _______ he comes back.
A. after B. in C. at
三、翻译句子:
1.看完电影后,他们去吃了晚饭。
2.毕竟,他还是个孩子。
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