第1单元 生活与学习 限时训练1【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）

主题语境一　人与自我
第1单元　生活与学习
限时训练1　名词和代词
限时55分钟
考点　巩固练
考点1　名词的数
1.They also need to be ready to give　　　　　(interview) in English with international journalists.(2023新课标Ⅱ)
2.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 　　　　　(human)are. (2021新高考Ⅰ)
3.Born in the year 2004, this young enthusiast of roller skating and traditional Chinese culture has already secured numerous 　　　　　(victory) in competitions.
4.　　　　　(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. (2021全国乙)
5.One study showed that 　　　　　(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.
6.The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate　　　　　(population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. (2022新高考Ⅰ)
7.The term “stooper”was coined in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused 　　　　　(belong) in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need.
8.Children usually play this kind of word game better than 　　　　　(grown-up).
9.Most of the time 　　　　　(looker-on) see more than players, or different with players.
考点2　词性转换
10.Filled with 　　　　　(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.(2020全国Ⅲ)
11.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 　　　　　(protect). (2022全国甲)
12.Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best 　　　　　(perform) to this day.
13.The engineer thinks he has come closer than anyone to making flying cars a 　　　　　(real).
14.The writer's 　　　　　(imagine) seems to have dried up since he hasn't written anything for years.
15.Chinese New Year is a 　　　　　(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. (2020全国Ⅱ)
16.Since June 2017, right before the 　　　　　(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. (2023新课标Ⅱ)
17.A company 　　　　　 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. (2021新高考Ⅱ)
18.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 　　　　　(weigh) problems.
19.The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters, in which Sun stresses the importance of positioning in military strategy and　　　　　(flexible) in responding to ever-changing situations on the battlefield.
20.As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 　　　　　(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.(2022全国乙)
考点3　名词的所有格
21.“He saved my　　　　　(son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.(2022新高考Ⅱ)
22.The tourist center is far away from here indeed. It's two 　　　　　(hour) walk.
23.Because of the humid climate in Liuzhou, people tend to lose their appetite, but the spicy and sour taste stimulates 　　　　　 (people) appetite.
24.It is calculated by dividing a 　　　　　(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.(2021浙江1月)
考点4　代词
25.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 　　　　　(they) alive.
26.We can't seem to make up　　　　　(we) minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.(2022全国甲)
27.Both teams were in hard training; 　　　　　was willing to lose the game.
28.As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 　　　　　(I). (2021新高考Ⅰ)
29.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 　　　　　every day.
30.She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 　　　　　(she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.(2021浙江)
31.We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let's have　　　　　one this month.
32.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap　　　　　can be to eat out.
33.As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 　　　　　(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.(2020新高考Ⅰ)
34.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making 　　　　　hard to produce labiodentals(唇齿音).(2022新高考Ⅰ)
35.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 　　　　　(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. (2022全国乙)
36.The exchange student from Kenya often shares with us the news of his country and 　　　　　of his neighbouring countries.
37.As for Memories of Jiangnan,the mascots of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou,the name 　　　　　speaks volumes about Hangzhou's heritage, scenic splendor and drive for innovation.
综合　强化练
单句语法填空
1.Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to 　　　　　(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.(2019北京)
2.　　　　　(cook) use spring bamboo shoots and fresh pork as fillings of it.
3.Xu said she would convert words in any language into Chinese characters based on their pronunciation and then memorize 　　　　　(they).
4.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 　　　　　(achieve).
5.　　　　　 is known to us all that the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
6.Hearing birdsong is a 　　　　　 (remind) that we're not alone in the great outdoors—or in life.
7.Before that, repairs with a total　　　　　(long) of 2,232 meters including eleven towers had already been completed.
8.It indicated that, rather than adding extra classroom time,“schools may find　　　　　 more productive to consider carefully the range and quality of activities provided”.
9.The far side of the moon is of particular 　　　　　 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side. (2020全国Ⅰ)
10.Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of　　　　　(we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.(2020新高考Ⅱ)
11.This year's Nobel Prize in economics has been awarded to Claudia Goldin, an American economic historian, for her work on　　　　　(woman) employment and pay.
12.Also, technological know-how has become a 　　　　　(require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 　　　　　(profession). (2020新高考Ⅱ)
13.The buildings in the Forbidden City are all covered with yellow glazed tile (琉璃瓦) 　　　　　 (roof) with red columns and high walls beneath, symbolizing the noble status of the royal family.
14.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 　　　　　 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.(2023全国乙)
15.The Clean Clothes Campaign has drawn　　　　　(attentive) to the working conditions of workers all around the world.
16.In　　　　　(it) long history, there have been times when the earth's average global temperature rose, causing ice to melt and sea level to rise.
17.This international tourism and cultural expo aims to build a professional and international exhibition platform to showcase the 　　　　　(beautiful) of Xizang's ecology, culture, history and the new achievements of socialism modernization of the region.
18.Kun Opera is a 　　　　　 (mix) of various art forms including songs, narration, dance and martial arts, with astonishing makeup, embroidered (刺绣) costumes and stage arrangements adding to its elegance.
19.Some foods, such as goat meat, are seen as “hot”, while　　　　　(other),such as Chinese cabbage, are seen as “cold”.
20.The ministry will make continuous efforts to increase the proportion of green buildings, raise building energy efficiency standards and popularize buildings with extra-low energy 　　　　　 (consume) in regions with suitable climate conditions.
素养　提升练
语法填空
A
　　Walking around the world may seem impossible, but that didn't stop one American woman from putting one foot in front of 1.　　　　　 other.
In 2014, Angela Maxwell, then in her early 30s, began her walk around the world alone. After six and a half years and over 32,000 kilometers, Maxwell's walk ended 2.　　　　　 it began. Before 3.　　　　　(leave)on her journey, Maxwell found inspiration from women explorers of the past. “I read their books in 4.　　　　　 (hope) of finding encouragement—and I did—by learning about their challenges and struggles as well as their triumphs. Each woman's story was 5.　　　　　 (vast) different, 6.　　　　　 gave me the confidence to give my walk a try,” Maxwell told the BBC.
Maxwell's worldwide walk wasn't easy. She heard gunshots while camping in Turkey and 7.　　　　　 (attack) in her tent in Mongolia. Still, she continued to walk.
When the BBC asked her what kind of person 8.　　　　　 takes to walk around the world, Maxwell said, “It's probably a combination of ambition, a little 9.　　　　　 (stubborn) and a pinch of passion—not for hiking as a sport, but for self-discovery and adventure.”
“Walking has taught me that everything and everyone has a story 10.　　　　　 (share); we just have to be willing to listen,” she said.
B
　　Whenever you have to write a paper, a letter, or any other document for work or school, you probably head toward the computer. Now, most people reach for 11.　　　　　(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens. In a Scottish primary school, however, Mr. Norman Lewis is taking a different approach. He feels that neat handwriting 12.　　　　　(be) still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also 13.　　　　　 old fashioned fountain pens.
Fountain pens 14.　　　　　(use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. Today, a writer 15.　　　　　(simple) throws an empty pen away and gets 16.　　　　　 new one.
So far, Mr. Lewis is pleased with the results of his experiment. He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. He is happy with the 17.　　　　　(improve) he sees in his students' writing 18.　　　　　 in his own writing. He knows that computers are here 19.　　　　　(stay) and that they will not disappear. However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of 20.　　　　　(they).
答案全解全析
第1单元　生活与学习
限时训练1　名词和代词
考点巩固练
考点1名词的数
1.interviews　句意:他们也需准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。interview是可数名词,前面没有冠词或形容词性物主代词限定,应使用复数形式。故填interviews。
2.humans　句意:一旦你站在山顶上,你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。设空处作“we”的同位语,因此需用名词复数形式,故填humans。
易错分析
　　一些以-man或-woman结尾的合成词,在构成复数时与man和woman的变化形式相同,如:policeman—policemen,Englishman—Englishmen,businessman—businessmen。但是human、German、Walkman(随身听)不是合成词,它们的复数要按一般规则变化,分别为humans、Germans、Walkmans。
3.victories　句意:这位出生于2004年的年轻的轮滑和中国传统文化爱好者已经在比赛中获得了无数的胜利。numerous为形容词,意思是“很多的,数不清的”,修饰名词复数,故填victories。
归纳总结
　　当可数名词前出现a、an、one等词汇时,使用其单数形式。当可数名词前出现以下词汇时,常使用复数形式:many、(a)few、these、those、some、both、several、all、numerous、countless、various、a great many、a lot/number/couple/variety of、plenty/scores/dozens/lots of、one of、each of、diverse、all kinds of、varieties of。
4.Activities　句意:那里的活动从看鲸鱼到徒步旅行都有,而且食宿力求对自然环境产生很低的影响。谓语动词range用的是复数形式,所以主语需用复数形式,首字母大写,故填Activities。
5.women　句意:一项研究表明,在怀孕期间喝大量咖啡的女性,比如每天喝八杯或者更多杯咖啡,生下有先天缺陷的孩子的可能性更大。该句为主从复合句,其中that及其后内容为宾语从句,在从句中,设空处作主语,被定语从句“who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant”修饰,所以设空处需用复数形式与后面的were保持一致,故填women。
6.populations　句意:大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善大熊猫不同种群和家园之间的连通性,并最终在野外达到预期的种群水平。根据空后的and homes可知,此处需要填名词形式,依据空前的separate(不同的)可知,需要填名词复数形式,故填populations。
7.belongings　句意:很多人把他们使用过或未充分利用的物品放在家门口,让那些生活困难的人免费带走,在这之后,“stooper”一词便在美国被创造。形容词underused后接名词形式,并且belongings为复数名词,表示“所有物”,作put后的宾语,故填belongings。
8.grown-ups　句意:孩子们玩这种文字游戏通常比大人玩得好。此处用孩子们与成年人相比较,需用复数形式,表示一类人,故填grown-ups。
9.lookers-on　句意:大多数时候,旁观者比当局者看到的更多或者看到的与当局者看到的不一样。该空在句中作主语,需使用名词复数形式与谓语see保持一致,故填lookers-on。
归纳总结
　　复合名词变复数时:1.有主体名词,只将主体名词变复数。例如:passers-by路人, sons-in-law女婿,standers-by旁观者。2.如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变成复数。例如:go-betweens中间人,grown-ups成年人。3.由man和woman在前组成的复合名词,两个名词都要变复数。例如:some men astronauts一些男宇航员。
考点2词性转换
10.curiosity　句意:心中充满了好奇,这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。该空在with后,作其宾语,要用名词形式,故填curiosity。
11.protection　句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。promote为动词,后需接名词或名词短语作宾语,environmental为形容词,修饰名词,故填protect的名词形式protection。environmental protection意为“环境保护”。
12.performance　句意:神奇的是,那场表演仍然是Great Jason迄今为止最好的表演。从句子结构看,该空为系动词remains的表语,又被名词所有格Great Jason's 和形容词best修饰,需用名词形式,而且主语that show为单数,故此处应填名词的单数形式performance。
13.reality　句意:这位工程师认为,他比任何人都更接近于让飞行汽车成为现实。该空作补语,补充说明flying cars,且空前有定冠词a修饰,需用名词单数形式,故填reality。
14.imagination　句意:因为多年以来,这位作家没有写任何东西,所以他的想象力似乎已经枯竭了。分析句子可知,该空作句子主语,应使用名词形式,imagination表示“创造力,想象力”,是不可数名词。
15.celebration　句意:中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。该空位于系动词is后,作表语,而且前面又有不定冠词a修饰,需用可数名词单数形式。故填celebration。
16.arrival　句意:自2017年6月以来,正好在梦梦和娇庆两只新的大熊猫到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的大熊猫饲养员,让他们在说英语时感到更加放松和自信。设空处作介词before的宾语,位于冠词the之后、介词of之前,应该使用名词形式。故填arrival。
17.representative　句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司正在把每天1,200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词A修饰,用名词单数,此处表示“代表”,故填representative。
18.weight　句意:研究人员发现,在家之外所吃食物的增加和体重问题的增加有直接联系。该空为名词作定语,修饰后面的problems,表示问题的具体内容,故填weight。
19.flexibility　句意:《孙子兵法》分为13篇,其中孙强调了在军事战略中的定位和在应对战场上不断变化的局势时的灵活性的重要性。该空通过and与前面的动名词positioning并列,需用名词形式,故填flexibility。
联想拓展
　　-ility名词后缀:英语中有很多以-(b)le结尾的形容词转变为名词时要变-le为-ility,如able→ability,possible→possibility,available→availability,adaptable→adaptability, capable→capability等。
20.responsibility　句意:作为国际茶日的主要发起者,茶的发源地和最大的产茶国,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶叶产业的健康发展。该空前有不定冠词a,此处应用可数名词的单数形式,故填responsibility。
考点3名词的所有格
21.son's　句意:“他救了我儿子的命。”布朗太太说。此处表示“我儿子的命”,应用名词所有格作定语。故填son's。
22.hours'　句意:这个旅游中心确实离这里很远,大概是步行两个小时的路程。该空前有two,需使用复数形式,并且此处意为“两个小时的”,需使用所有格形式,故填hours'。
联想拓展
　　two hours' walk也可以写成two-hour walk。一些表示时间、重量、金钱的词也有类似的变化,例如five days' holiday=five-day holiday, five kilos' box=five-kilo box, ten dollars' worth of fruits=ten-dollar worth of fruits。
23.people's　句意:由于柳州潮湿的气候,人们往往会失去食欲,但酸辣口味会刺激人们的食欲。此处意为“人们的食欲”,设空处需用名词所有格形式,故填people's。
24.person's　句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的以公斤为单位的体重数除以以米为单位的身高的平方数,体重指数在19到25之间被认为是健康的。此处意为“一个人的体重”,需用名词所有格形式,故填person's。
本句为并列复合句,本句的句子结构分析如下:
.
考点4代词
25.them　句意:当我和大猩猩相互吓到时,我只是很高兴地发现它们还活着。设空处作宾语,指代大猩猩,应用其宾格形式,故填them。
26.our　句意:我们似乎无法确定自己想要的是现代城市还是传统城市。make up one's mind是固定搭配,表示“作出决定;下定决心”。故填our。
27.neither　句意:两支球队都在艰苦训练;两者都不愿输掉比赛。根据句意可知,设空处指代上句中的Both teams,且表示否定意义,意为“两者都不”。故填neither。
28.mine　句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长并曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。它肯定会留在我的记忆中。设空处指代my memory,需用名词性物主代词,故填mine。
29.it　句意:然而,这条铁路很快就被证明取得了巨大的成功。六个月内,超过25,000人每天使用该铁路。该空位于动词后,代替前文的railway,需使用it作宾语,故填it。
30.herself　句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处表示“她自己”,需用反身代词,故填herself。
31.another　句意:上学期我们进行了一次野餐活动,乐趣多多,所以这个月让我们再来一次吧。another可与数词(+名词)连用,表示“另外……个……”。故填another。another在此处用作定语。
32.it　句意:许多来中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便宜,就会比在自己的国家做饭少得多。设空处在宾语从句“how cheap　　　can be to eat out”中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to eat out。充当形式主语要用it。
33.themselves　句意:除了观看展览,游客们还可以玩电脑模拟(游戏),幻想他们自己生活在历史上的不同时期,或者是在热带雨林中行走。该空为imagine的宾语,与主语visitors指代相同,应使用反身代词形式,故填themselves。
34.it　句意:他们发现,古代成年人的上、下门牙是对齐的,这使得产生唇齿音很难。此处为“make+it+adj.+to do sth.”结构,it作形式宾语,代替后面的to produce labiodentals,故填it。
35.its　句意:在开幕式上,中华古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——馆藏普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
36.that　句意:这位来自肯尼亚的交换生常常和我们分享他的国家的消息以及周边国家的消息。设空处需填that,代替不同于他的国家的消息的消息,故填that。
归纳总结
one 代指可数名词单数,泛指,同类事物
ones 代指可数名词复数,泛指,同类事物
the one 代指可数名词单数,特指,同类事物
续表
the ones 代指可数名词复数,特指,同类事物
that 代指不可数名词或可数名词单数,表示上文同一事物或同类事物
those 代指可数名词复数,特指上文相同事物或同类事物
it 代指不可数名词或可数名词单数,指上文中所提到的同一事物
37.itself　句意:至于杭州第19届亚运会吉祥物“江南忆”,这个名字本身就充分说明了杭州的历史人文、壮丽风景和创新驱动。此处指名字本身,作name的同位语,故填itself。
综合强化练
1.myself　考查反身代词。此处指低声对自己说,句子的主语和宾语指同一个人,故设空处应填myself。
2.Cooks　考查名词的数。句意:厨师用春笋和新鲜的猪肉做馅料。cook“厨师”为可数名词,作主语,需要与谓语动词use的数保持一致,应用复数形式,句首单词首字母要大写,故填Cooks。
3.them　考查代词。句意:许说,她会把任何语言的词汇根据发音转换成汉字,然后再去记忆它们。该空位于动词memorize之后,作宾语,需用宾格形式,故填them。
4.achievement　考查词性转换。句意:然后,首先处理最重要的任务,那么你就会感受到真正的成就感。a sense of achievement意为“成就感”,故填achievement。
易错分析
　　该空不要错填为achieving。使用动名词和名词时注意,一般动名词后接宾语或者接介词短语、副词等修饰语。例如:After arrival, we began to put up the tent. /After arriving at last/arriving at the destination, we began to put up the tent.
5.It　考查代词。句意:我们都知道,这位老科学家过去的生活很艰苦,但他八十多岁了还在努力工作。It is known to us all that...意为“我们都知道……”,句中It作形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。故填It。
6.reminder　考查词性转换。句意:听到鸟鸣声提醒我们,在户外或者生活中,我们并不孤单。该空被不定冠词a修饰,需用可数名词单数形式,此处表示“提醒人的事物”,故填reminder。
7.length　考查词性转换。句意:在那之前,包括11座塔在内的全长2,232米的维修工作已经完成。设空处被形容词total修饰,且由空前的a和空后的of可知,此处应用名词形式。a total length of意为“全长……”,故填length。
8.it　考查代词。句意:它指出,与其增加额外的课堂时间,“学校可能会发现,仔细考虑所提供的活动的范围和质量更有成效”。“find+it+adj.+to do”是固定结构,其中it为形式宾语,to do为真正的宾语,故填it。
9.interest　考查词性转换。句意:月球背面尤其让科学家感兴趣,因为相比熟悉的正面,那里有更多深环形山。设空处作介词of的宾语,需填名词形式;此外“be of+抽象名词”也是固定结构,相当于“be+对应的形容词”。故填interest。
10.our　考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者在我们的每一卷的参考资料部分的指导下,持续探索数字世界。设空处修饰名词短语Further Resources section,应用形容词性物主代词,故填our。
11.women's　考查名词的所有格。句意:今年的诺贝尔经济学奖授予了美国经济历史学家克劳迪娅·戈尔丁,以表彰她在女性就业和薪酬方面的工作。此处表示“女性的就业和薪酬”,需先将其变复数,再用所有格形式,故填women's。
12.requirement;professions　考查名词。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。根据第一空前面的不定冠词a可知,该空需用名词的单数形式,故填requirement。名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的修饰词most可知,该空应使用其复数形式,故填professions。
13.roofs　考查名词的数。句意:紫禁城的建筑上面都覆盖着黄色琉璃瓦屋顶,下面是红色的圆柱和高墙,象征着皇室的高贵地位。空前有介词with且设空处被yellow glazed tile修饰,应用名词形式,roof为可数名词,此处表示复数意义,故填roofs。
归纳总结
　　以-f或者-fe结尾的名词变复数: 1.将f或fe变成v,再加-es。例如,knife→knives; leaf→leaves; wife→wives; life→lives; shelf→shelves;2.直接加-s。例如,roofs, proofs, beliefs, chiefs, chefs;3.将f或fe变成v,再加-es或直接加-s。例如,handkerchiefs/handkerchieves, scarfs/scarves。
14.wonders　考查名词的数。句意:除了所有的古代建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活的快节奏发展的地方,这里的21世纪的建筑奇观与过去的历史建筑并肩而立。wonder为可数名词,这里泛指北京21世纪那些建筑奇观,需用其复数形式,故填wonders。
15.attention　考查词性转换。句意:“洁净成衣运动”已经引起了对世界各地工人的工作条件的关注。draw attention to意为“引起对……的关注”,故填attention。
16.its　考查代词。句意:在其漫长的历史中,曾经有过几次,地球的全球平均温度上升,导致冰融化,海平面上升。设空处修饰名词history,应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
17.beauty　考查词性转换。句意:本次国际旅游文化博览会旨在打造一个专业的国际展览平台,展示西藏的生态、文化、历史之美和该地区社会主义现代化的新成果。设空处作动词showcase的宾语,且此处符合“the+名词+of”的所有格结构形式,故填名词beauty。
18.mixture　考查词性转换。句意:昆曲是歌曲、叙事、舞蹈、武术等各种艺术形式的混合,其惊人的化妆、刺绣服装和舞台布置增加了它的典雅。该空前有冠词a修饰,需用其名词单数形式,此处表示“混合,结合体”,故填mixture。
19.others　考查代词。句意:一些食物,如山羊肉,被视为“热性”食物,而其他食物,如大白菜,则被视为“寒性”食物。此处表示“其他食物”,应用代词others作主语,构成“some..., others...”结构,意为“一些……,其他……”。
20.consumption　考查词性转换。句意:该部将持续努力提高绿色建筑比例,提高建筑能效标准,以及在气候条件适宜的地区推广超低能耗建筑。该空位于介词with后,需用名词形式,energy consumption意为“能耗”,consumption为不可数名词,故填consumption。
素养提升练
A
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国人Angela Maxwell在30多岁徒步环游世界的故事。
1.the　考查冠词。句意:徒步环游世界似乎是不可能的事情,但是那并没有阻止一位美国女士迈出她的脚步。此处表示“把一只脚放在另一只脚前”,是对迈出一步的具体动作的描述。本题考查one...the other...的用法,故填the。
2.where　考查连词。句意:经过6年半,32,000多公里的跋涉,Maxwell的旅程终于在起点结束了。此处为地点状语从句,表示“……的地方”,故填where。
3.leaving　考查动名词。句意:在动身旅行前, Maxwell从过去的女性探险者身上受到了启发。空前为介词Before,后需要接名词或者动名词形式。故填leaving。
技巧点拨
　　before和after词性的辨别:这两个单词既可以作连词又可以用作介词,辨别时可以从连词和介词的基本用法着手。连词后可以接句子,而介词后一般接名词、代词或动名词。例如:After I arrived at school(After作连词),I got down to my assignment./After arriving at school(After作介词),I got down to my assignment.
4.hopes　考查名词的复数。此处表示“我读她们的书,希望能得到鼓励”。in hopes of是固定短语,意为“怀着……的希望”,故填hopes。
5.vastly　考查词性转换。此处表示“每个女性的故事都有很大的不同,这给了我去尝试徒步的信心”。该空修饰形容词different,表示程度,需用副词形式,故填vastly。
6.which　考查非限制性定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号,逗号前面的句子结构完整,空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。设空处在从句中作主语,指代前面整个主句的内容,故填which。
7.was attacked　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在土耳其露营时,她听到了枪声,在蒙古的帐篷中,她被人袭击。设空处与and前的heard为并列谓语,应用一般过去时,主语She为第三人称单数,和attack之间为被动关系,需用被动语态,故填was attacked。
8.it　考查代词。句意:当英国广播公司问她徒步环游世界需要什么样的人时……。此处为固定句型“it takes+名词+to do sth.(做某事需要……)”,it在这里作形式主语,代替to walk around the world。
9.stubbornness　考查词性转换。此处表示“它可能是野心、些许固执和激情的结合”。设空处与ambition、passion并列,又被a little修饰,故填不可数名词stubbornness。
10.to share　考查不定式。句意:她说:“徒步教会了我,一切的人和物都有可以分享的故事,我们只需要愿意倾听。”此处应用不定式to share作后置定语,修饰story,表示“可以分享的故事”,故填to share。
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在苏格兰的一所小学里,一个老师让学生使用老式钢笔写字取得良好效果的故事。
11.keyboards　考查名词的数。句意:现在,大多数人拿起键盘的速度比拿起笔的速度还快。根据空前的介词for可知,设空处应填名词作宾语,keyboard为可数名词,前面没有冠词等限定词修饰,因此应用名词的复数形式。故填keyboards。
12.is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能,所以他不仅让学生手写,还让他们用老式的钢笔写字。设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语,此处陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语handwriting为不可数名词,应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填is。
13.with　考查介词。句意同上题。根据空后的名词old fashioned fountain pens可知,设空处应填介词,表示“使用”应用介词with。故填with。
易错分析
　　本题易错填by。错误原因是根据句中的并列连词not only...but also...和by hand判断填by。需注意,使用工具应用with。
14.were used　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了,最近又重新流行起来,因为它们可以重新填充。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语long ago可知,应用一般过去时,主语Fountain pens为复数,和动词use之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
15.simply　考查副词。句意:现在,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。设空处作状语,修饰动词throws,应用副词形式。故填simply。
16.a　考查冠词。句意同上题。空后的代词one指代可数名词pen,此处表示泛指,且new的发音是以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
17.improvement　考查名词。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。根据空前的冠词the可知,设空处应填名词作介词with的宾语,表示“改善”是improvement,为不可数名词。故填improvement。
联想拓展
　　-ment是名词后缀,很多动词加上-ment都可以变为名词。如:argument争论;movement移动;statement陈述;advertisement广告。
18.and　考查连词。句意同上题。空前短语in his students' writing和空后的短语in his own writing为并列关系,应用and连接。故填and。
19.to stay　考查非谓语动词。句意:他知道电脑会一直存在,不会消失。be here to stay意为“继续存在,扎根下来”,是固定搭配。故填to stay。
20.themselves　考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空前的介词of可知,设空处应填代词作宾语,此处表示“他们自己”,故填themselves。