第2单元 做人与做事 限时训练2【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）

第2单元　做人与做事
限时训练2
限时30分钟
Ⅰ　阅读理解
A
　　I ask every student I interview for admission to my institution, Pitzer College, the same question, “What do you look forward to the most in college ” I was astonished and delighted recently when a student replied, “I look forward to the possibility of failure.” Of course, this is not how most students respond to the question when sitting before the person who can make decisions about their academic futures, but this young man took a risk.
“You see, my parents have never let me fail,” he said. “When I want to take a chance on something, they remind me it's not a safe route to take. Taking a more demanding course or trying an activity I may not succeed in, they tell me, will ruin my chances of college admission.”
I wish I could tell you this is an uncommon story, but kids all over the world admit they are under great pressure to be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did for fun, she replied, “I thought I wasn't supposed to tell you that. I wouldn't want you to think I am not serious about my work!”
Students are usually in shock when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfection. Of course, this goes against everything they've been told. How could a dean(院长) of admission at one of America's most selective institutions not want the best and the brightest The reality is that perfection doesn't exist, and we don't expect to see it in a college application. In fact, admission officers tend to question students who present themselves as individuals without shortcomings.
We get the most excited when we read an application that seems real. It's so rare to hear stories of defeat. If their perspectives are of lessons learned, these applicants tend to jump to the top at highly selective colleges. We believe an error in high school should not define the rest of your life, but how you respond could shape you forever.
1.What can we learn about the student in the first two paragraphs
A.He is taught not to take risks.
B.He tries to avoid any chance of failure.
C.He cares little about his academic futures.
D.He is seldom allowed to take part in activities.
2.Why does the author mention the Chinese student in paragraph 3
A.To emphasize the importance of hard work.
B.To compare students from different countries.
C.To give an example of the students he favors.
D.To illustrate the widespread stress on students.
3.What is probably admission officers' attitude towards a perfect application
A.Doubtful.　　　　B.Confused.　　　　C.Favorable.　　　　D.Casual.
4.What is the key to success in college according to the author
A.A desire for perfection.
B.The ability to learn from defeats.
C.The opportunity of making mistakes.
D.An experience of defeat in high school.
B
　　Throughout my twenties I told myself that I would give up smoking one day. That seemed comfortably far away to prevent me panicking too much, but also definitive enough to fool myself into thinking I'd give up before it killed me. But then my thirties came and went and nothing happened.
Then, my aunt died from lung cancer. I had a moment of fear: Unless I decide to stop smoking, there will be a high probability that at some point in my life I'll have a cough or some other symptom(症状) and it will be cancer or a similar awful disease. Still, I didn't act.
But I couldn't help beginning a good, hard think about my smoking and what I was going to do about it. The more I thought about it, the more I questioned what I really loved about it. Then came the sudden realization: I was an addict—I was making all kinds of excuses that the alcohol or drug addicts made.
I decided to quit. But after a few days when out for drinks with friends, I yielded to temptation(诱惑) and had one. The next day I bought a pack of cigarettes and my very first attempt was well and truly a failure. But I learned from this and decided the next attempt would be better planned. I investigated different options online, and met with a smoking cessation (戒烟) nurse at my local surgery who used some techniques to change my thinking about smoking.
With all the support around me, I felt so confident about my ability to quit. I actually looked forward to the date I'd set to stop. That was nearly 10 years ago and I haven't looked back. Of course, in the early days it wasn't always plain sailing. There were times when I was weak and times when I nearly slipped up. But I was prepared for this and didn't let it throw me off. Stopping smoking was one of the best things I've ever done.
5.What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs
A.He was ignorant of cigarettes.
B.He cared little about his health.
C.He lacked motivation for working.
D.He didn't make up his mind to quit smoking.
6.What inspired the author to make the first quit attempt
A.His self-analysis.　　　　B.Worsening health.
C.Symptoms of lung cancer.　　　　D.Loss of a family member.
7.What does the underlined phrase “yielded to” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Came up with.　　　　B.Gave in to.
C.Stepped out of.　　　　D.Broke away from.
8.Which can best describe the second attempt
A.It was fruitless.　　　　B.It lasted for 10 years.
C.It was a determined attempt.　　　　D.It was abandoned halfway.
Ⅱ　七选五
　　
Four Reasons Why Quiet People Are Successful
　　They listen more than they talk, so they learn a lot
　　Quiet people don't fill every conversation with their own thoughts and opinions, and they certainly don't feel the need to pretend that they know everything. 1.　　　. They then use that information to form an opinion.
They can gain trust easily
　　Quiet people have an advantage when it comes to gaining trust because they don't overreact to things or wear their heart on their sleeve. 2.　　　. They don't come across as being pushy or aggressive like some other people who are always trying to get their way. And since quiet people don't feel pressured to fill every gap in a conversation with words, they're less likely to make mistakes during presentations or meetings.
They are great planners
Quiet people are often successful because they have great planning skills. 3.　　　. They think about what need to be done and how to go about them in order to achieve their goals. They ensure everything is done according to plans, so there is little room for doubt or mistakes.
4.　　
Quiet people tend to be more selective about what they focus on, which means they are less likely to be distracted by other people or things around them. They can focus on a task with single-minded determination and finish it faster than those who talk too much or get distracted easily by their surroundings. 5.　　　.
A.They seldom show off
B.They are more concentrated
C.They often have a lot of fresh ideas
D.Instead, they are more likely to take in what others say
E.For this reason, people who talk less are often seen as more honest
F.They know how to map out their goals and accomplish them efficiently
G.Additionally, quiet individuals also have the ability to concentrate for a long time
Ⅲ　完形填空
　　(2024湖北华中师大一附中期中)When I was 19, I was in a really bad car accident. I woke up with a severe　1　 injury and I learned that my IQ had dropped. Worse still, I had to　2　 from college, and people said to me, “You're not going to finish college. There are other things for you to do, but that's not going to work out for you.” I had identified with being smart, and had been considered　3　 as a child. Having my 　4　 taken from me, I felt entirely　5　.
I worked and worked, and　6　 graduated from college, which took me four years longer than others. After that, I applied to a graduate program and　7　 someone, my tutor Susan to take me on, and so I 　8　 at Princeton University. I still felt I was not supposed to be there. The night before my first-year 　9　 I was so afraid that I called her and said, “I'm　10　.” She said, “You're going to continue, and this is what you're going to do. You are going to　11　 it and do every talk that you ever get asked to do, even if you're　12　, until you have this moment when you say, ‘Oh my gosh, I'm doing it. I have become this.’”
So that's what I did. I spent five years in my graduate school and got my degree. Now I am a public speaker. I realized that I had not just faked it till I made it, I had faked it till I 　13　 it. Our　14　 can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our 　15　.
1.A.face　　　　B.head　　　　C.back　　　　D.skin
2.A.withdraw　　　　B.graduate　　　　C.escape　　　　D.return
3.A.patient　　　　B.reserved　　　　C.gifted　　　　D.diligent
4.A.mood　　　　B.dream　　　　C.career　　　　D.identity
5.A.cheerful　　　　B.powerless　　　　C.indifferent　　　　D.optimistic
6.A.suddenly　　　　B.naturally　　　　C.eventually　　　　D.reluctantly
7.A.convinced　　　　B.reminded　　　　C.instructed　　　　D.allowed
8.A.drop out　　　　B.end up　　　　C.start over　　　　D.fall behind
9.A.exam　　　　B.interview　　　　C.reception　　　　D.talk
10.A.staying　　　　B.leaving　　　　C.quitting　　　　D.dreaming
11.A.fake　　　　B.practice　　　　C.recall　　　　D.ignore
12.A.discouraged　　　　B.inspired　　　　C.enlightened　　　　D.terrified
13.A.failed　　　　B.became　　　　C.forgot　　　　D.cherished
14.A.lessons　　　　B.experience　　　　C.insight　　　　D.minds
15.A.outcomes　　　　B.beliefs　　　　C.personality　　　　D.talent
答案全解全析
限时训练2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作为大学的面试官,作者从不会期待学生做得完美,因为作者认为有失败经历的申请才是真实的,学生也应该从失败中获益。
1.A　推理判断题。由文章第二段中这位学生所说的话“When I want to...will ruin my chances of college admission”可知,当这位学生想尝试某事时,他的父母会提醒他这不是一条安全的路。他的父母告诉他,选一门难度更高的课程或尝试一项他可能不会成功的活动会毁掉他被大学录取的机会。据此可知,这个学生被父母教导不要冒险。故选A。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中“I wish I could tell...to be perfect.” 可知,作者认为,世界各地的孩子都承认,他们面临着巨大的压力,要做到完美。接下来作者以旅游时一位中国学生的回答为例,说明学生面临的压力。据此可知,作者在第3段提到中国学生是想说明学生普遍承受的压力。故选D。
3.A　细节理解题。根据题干中的admission officers'定位到第四段最后一句“In fact, admission officers tend to question students who present themselves as individuals without shortcomings.”,由此句可知招生官往往会质疑那些表现得没有缺点的学生。据此可知,招生官对一份完美的申请可能持怀疑的态度。故选A。
技巧点拨
　　考生可以采取“关键词定位法”,即“带着问题找答案”的方法,通过定位找关键词。先从题干中提取关键词,然后以此为线索,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句,快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关,然后仔细推敲,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定答案。简言之,可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下:
4.B　推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“We believe an error in high school should not define the rest of your life, but how you respond could shape you forever. (我们相信,高中时的一个错误不应该限定你的余生,但你的应对方式可能会永远影响你。)”可推断,作者认为,在大学里取得成功的关键是从失败中学习的能力。故选B。
难句分析
原句　Of course, this is not how most students respond to the question when sitting before the person who can make decisions about their academic futures, but this young man took a risk.
分析　本句由but连接的两个分句构成,其中第一个分句为主从复合句,句中how引导表语从句,when引导时间状语从句,该从句省略了主语和be动词;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词the person。
译文　当然,大多数学生坐在能决定他们学术前途的人面前时,并不是这样回答这个问题的,但这个年轻人冒了险。
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者戒烟的经历。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者在自己二十多岁的时候曾告诫自己戒烟,但认为这似乎很遥远,直到三十多岁时还是没有戒烟;根据第二段内容可知,当有亲人死于肺癌时,作者很害怕,根据“Still, I didn't act.”可知,作者还是没有采取行动。据此可知,作者并没有真正下定决心去戒烟。故选D。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,作者忍不住开始认真思考吸烟问题,但想得越多,就越怀疑自己到底喜欢它什么;其后突然意识到:自己是个瘾君子。据此可以推知,是自我分析使作者开始了第一次戒烟的尝试。故选A。
7.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词组后的“The next day I bought a pack of cigarettes and my very first attempt was well and truly a failure.”可知,第二天,作者买了一包烟,第一次戒烟的尝试失败了。由此可知,画线词组所在部分指的是作者屈服于诱惑,画线词组与gave in to同义。故选B。
技巧点拨
　　词义猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个单词或词组的含义,或考查该词(组)能被哪个单词或词组代替。此外,有些题也会考查某一个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。近几年高考每套题一般考查一个小题,个别情况考查两个小题,主要考查以下几个方面:(1)陌生词(词组/习语);(2)陌生派生词或合成词;(3)熟词(词组)生义;(4)有特殊含义的词组;(5)代词的指代。词义猜测题的正确选项一般具有以下特征:(1)其含义和其字面意思没有任何关系;(2)与上下文逻辑通顺;(3)与原句意思最接近。
8.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I investigated different...thinking about smoking.”可知,第一次戒烟失败后,作者在网上调查了不同的选择,并在当地的诊所见了一位戒烟护士,她用一些技巧改变了作者对吸烟的看法。根据最后一段中的“Of course, in the early...didn't let it throw me off.”可知,戒烟早期并不总是一帆风顺的,但作者已经做好了准备,并没有因此而放弃。由此可推断,作者第二次戒烟的尝试是坚定的。故选C。
易错分析
　　该题容易错选成A或D项,错选的原因是只关注了关键词attempt。受第四段第三句“The next day I bought a pack of cigarettes and my very first attempt was well and truly a failure.”影响,考生可能误认为戒烟失败了,而忽视了题干中的second。在答题时,考生应当注意题干关键信息。
难句分析
原句　Unless I decide to stop smoking, there will be a high probability that at some point in my life I'll have a cough or some other symptom and it will be cancer or a similar awful disease.
分析　该句为主从复合句,Unless引导条件状语从句;主句使用了there be结构,其中that引导同位语从句,作抽象名词probability的同位语。同位语从句中and连接了两个并列分句。
译文　除非我决定戒烟,否则在我生命中的某个时刻,我很有可能会咳嗽或有一些其他症状,那可能是癌症或类似的可怕疾病。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了为什么安静的人更成功。
①通读全文,把握文章大意和文章结构
文章大意:安静的人更成功的四个理由
②通读选项,了解各选项的中心点,画出关键词
A.They seldom show off(很少炫耀)
B.They are more concentrated(专注的)
C.They often have a lot of fresh ideas(新想法)
D.Instead, they are more likely to take in what others say(理解别人的观点)
E.For this reason, people who talk less are often seen as more honest(因为……而显得更诚实)
F.They know how to map out their goals and accomplish them efficiently(规划他们的目标)
G.Additionally, quiet individuals also have the ability to concentrate for a long time(长时间专注)
③把选项一一代入文章空处,寻找每个题最适合的选项
1.D　细节句。空后内容谈到,他们用这些信息形成一个观点。D项“相反,他们更可能会接纳其他人所说的话”能够引起下文,符合语境,且与本段小标题中的“learn a lot”呼应。故选D项。
2.E　细节句。根据空前可知,当谈到获取信任时,安静的人占优势。因为他们不会过激反应,也不会把自己的情感表露出来。E项中的“this reason”指代空前的“because they don't overreact to things or wear their heart on their sleeve”,符合语境,故选E项。
3.F　细节句。根据空前句可知,安静的人成功的原因是他们有着很强的规划能力。F项“他们知道怎样规划自己的目标以及如何有效率地完成这些目标”也是在讲规划能力,符合语境,故选F项。
4.B　主旨句。设空处为小标题,是主旨句。根据本段的“more selective about what they focus on”“less likely to be distracted” “They can focus on a task”可知,本段在讲专注这个品质,B项“他们更加有专注力”符合语境,且在句式上与其他小标题相似,故选B项。
5.G　细节句。根据空前句可知,他们可以以坚定的决心专心于一个任务,并且比起那些说话过多或容易被周围的事情分散注意力的人,他们能更快地完成这个任务。G项“此外,安静的人还有长时间的专注力”为前文内容的递进,安静的人不仅能集中注意力,而且集中注意力的时间也很长,符合语境,故选G项。
熟词生义
come across 熟义:偶然遇见;被理解　生义:给人以……印象
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者经历车祸后,克服困难,坚持学习,最终成为公众演说家。本文强调思想能改变行为,行为能改变结果。
1.B　根据下文“I learned that my IQ had dropped”可知,作者由于车祸而导致智商下降,由此可推测,作者是头部受伤。face脸;head头;back背;skin皮肤。故选B。
2.A　根据上文“I learned that my IQ had dropped”可知,作者智商下降;再结合下文“You're not going to finish college.”可知,作者是从大学退学。withdraw退出;graduate毕业;escape逃避;return返回。故选A。
3.C　根据上文“I had identified with being smart”可推测,作者从小被认为很聪明。由此可知,作者幼时被认为是有天赋的孩子。patient耐心的;reserved内向的,含蓄的;gifted有天赋的;diligent勤奋的。故选C。
4.D　根据上文可知,作者从小被认为很聪明,但是由于车祸,作者智商下降,不得不从大学退学,由此可知,作者感觉自己原来所拥有的身份被剥夺了。mood情绪;dream梦想;career职业;identity身份。故选D。
5.B　作者感觉自己原来所拥有的身份被剥夺了,所以感到无能为力。cheerful开心的;powerless无力的;indifferent漠不关心的;optimistic乐观的。故选B。
6.C　句意:我学了又学,最后大学毕业了,这比别人多花了四年时间。根据上文“I worked and worked”可知,作者比别人多学了四年后终于大学毕业了。suddenly突然;naturally自然而然地;eventually最终;reluctantly勉强地。故选C。
易错分析
　　该题容易错选成B项,选错的原因是混淆了naturally和eventually的用法。eventually表示“最终”,侧重指经过努力、历经艰难后终于完成某事,与该处语境相符;而naturally指“自然而然地”,不能凸显作者经历的艰辛。
7.A　根据上文“I applied to a graduate program”(我申请了一个研究生项目)以及下文作者与Susan的对话可推测,作者说服导师Susan录取了自己。convince说服,使相信;remind提醒;instruct指导;allow允许。故选A。
8.B　根据上文作者说服Susan录取了自己可知,作者最终进入了普林斯顿大学。drop out退学;end up最终处于;start over重新开始;fall behind落后。故选B。
9.D　根据下文中的“do every talk that you ever get asked to do”可知,作者是要进行第一学年的演讲。exam考试;interview采访;reception接待;talk谈话,演讲。故选D。
10.C　根据下文Susan的话中“You're going to continue, and this is what you're going to do.”可知,作者是在演讲前一晚打了退堂鼓,想放弃演讲,而Susan则鼓励作者继续下去。stay保持; leave离开;quit停止;dream梦想。故选C。
11.A　根据下文中的“I realized that I had not just faked it till I made it, I had faked it till I 　13　 it.”可知,作者的导师希望作者假装自己是演讲家。fake假装,冒充;practice练习;recall回忆起;ignore忽视。故选A。
12.D　根据上文中的“I was so afraid”可知,作者在第一年的演讲前产生了害怕的心理,结合空前的“even if”可知,导师希望作者即便害怕,也要假装自己是演讲家。discouraged灰心丧气的;inspired受到激励的;enlightened开明的;terrified害怕的。故选D。
13.B　句意:我意识到,我不只是在我成功之前假装成为演讲家,我一直假装这件事,直到成为一名演讲家。根据上文“So that's what I did. I spent five years in my graduate school and got my degree. Now I am a public speaker.”可知,作者听从导师的建议,最终成为了演讲家。fail失败;become成为;forget忘记;cherish重视。故选B。
14.D　根据上文内容可知,作者的导师希望作者在害怕的时候也能进行心理暗示,假装自己可以。而作者通过这样的方法,成为一个演讲家,取得了成功。由此可知,作者认为我们的思想可以改变我们行为。lesson教训;experience经历,经验;insight洞察力;mind头脑,思想。故选D。
15.A　根据上文可知,作者通过不断的心理暗示,告诉自己可以做;而有了这样的思想,作者改变了自己的行为,最终取得了好的结果。由此可推测,作者认为行为可以改变结果。outcome结果;belief信念;personality个性;talent才能。故选A。