主题语境二 人与社会
第3单元 社会服务与人际沟通
限时训练1 形容词和副词
限时55分钟
考点 巩固练
考点1 词性转换/词形变化
1.Many objects in the universe are (visible), but they send radio waves.
2.Landing on the moon's far side is (extreme) challenging. (2020全国Ⅰ)
3.Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning). (2022全国甲)
4.When he looked down, he (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. (2022新高考Ⅱ)
5.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).
6. (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple juice, and other flavored drinks.
7.Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. (2019全国Ⅱ)
8.Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.(2020全国Ⅱ)
9.They also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists. (2019全国Ⅲ)
10.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
11.As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. (2020全国Ⅲ)
12.I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area, leaving him with a (surprise) smile.
13.A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
14. (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.(2023全国甲)
15.At least one thing proved (truth): the color wouldn't wash out.(2023全国乙)
16. (additional), a breakfast of butter and coffee does not contain nutrients that are essential to a healthy diet.
17.He added that if students found a specific topic (attract), they would focus on it.
18.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
19.Potted landscape art, praised as “silent poetry” and “living sculptures”, is a rare and (delight) Chinese art form.
20. (anxiety) to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area.
21.So, what are they learning (basic), how to describe a panda's life.(2023新课标Ⅱ)
22.The (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.(2023全国乙)
23.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.(2022浙江1月)
24.Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.(2023新课标Ⅰ)
25.Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (day) routines. (2021全国甲)
26.Blind people recognize shapes with their (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of (sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. (2022浙江)
考点2 比较等级
27.I have visited many cities in China, and Beijing is the one I love (much).
28.Today, none of the artist's other works is as (fond) remembered as this one.
29.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non-runners.
30.Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much (easy) for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
31.After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than to ride on a piece of history! (2021全国甲)
32.Without thinking (far), Florence started writing and became a professional Web novelist.
33.Everybody said it was an ideal marriage; no one had ever known a (happy) couple.
34.David has won first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels the (little) desire to go to bed.
35.In fact, Royte writes,“if food waste were a country, it would be the third (large) producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(2022新高考Ⅰ)
考点3 衔接副词
36.When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. , I began my lifelong interest in making things.(2020浙江)
37.It is a big challenge to find and keep the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites. , big challenges can sometimes lead to great solutions.
38.In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. , I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.
综合 强化练
单句语法填空
1. (large) than a house cat, clouded leopards (云豹) are named for their irregular, cloud-like spots.
2.From Mace's increasingly (fright) expression, Lord knew his last random shot had hit home.
3.The sun, however, was not still, and it (steady) rose from the horizon, reached the highest point and then set to the west.
4.It was a fantastic performance from a young but (excellence) diver who has only recently burst onto the scene.
5.For those who once planned to work here (temporary), maybe it will be a few years before they move to bigger cities.
6.Mike McKenzie found that students who studied over three hours per day were 3.5 times (likely) to be exercisers.
7.“It's (true) unexpected to me that online fiction can be added to the collection of a foreign library,” Yi Qianchong adds.
8.There will be another Lightopia display in Manchester's Heaton Park, one of the United Kingdom's (big) tourist attractions.
9.After an absence of ten days, the missing boy returned home, (tire) but sound.
10. (unfortunate), it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.(2021新高考Ⅰ)
11.Though it can be challenging and a little scary to step out of your comfort zone, facing (familiar) challenges can make you feel more content in the long run.
12.The weather here has become really (bear). With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering from unusually hot weather.
13.These cubs weighed about 2.5kg and were so small that there was (absolute) no risk.(2021新高考Ⅱ改编)
14.A 2021 review study from the University of Oklahoma found that people affected by sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work fell (sleep) faster after using these glasses.
15.I suddenly realized that things could have developed in a (dramatic) different way.
16.The event's highlight was the performances by members from the Malta School of Wushu-Longgui, who showcased (amaze) dragon dances and martial arts, attracting many audiences.
17.At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop (education) computer programs for children in preschool.(2020新高考Ⅱ)
18.I enjoy learning English and can remember words easily. , when it comes to reading comprehension, it's really a challenge.
19.One of the (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic.
20.The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even (high) cost on your health.
素养 提升练
语法填空
A
From time to time, people find themselves on occasions when they have to make a difficult option. It concerns their moral 1. (value). The story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on 2. cold, dark night. It is about two friends named Bob and Jimmy. Twenty years ago, Bob 3. (dine) at a restaurant with his friend Jimmy. He decided to leave for the West 4. (make) his fortune, but Jimmy would rather stay in New York. They made a promise that they would meet at the place 5. they had dined.
Bob kept the 6. (appoint) and came back, believing that Jimmy would come if he was alive, because nobody was more genuine and 7. (rely) than Jimmy in his eyes. He struck a match to light his cigar, 8. (wait) for his friend. Jimmy arrived at the appointed place but found Bob was just the man who was 9. (desperate) wanted by the Chicago police.
However, Jimmy couldn't catch his best friend 10. (he), so he asked a plain-clothes policeman to do it.
B
Ancient Chinese healing methods 11. (spread) along the Silk Road for over two millennia, but the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has further boosted the internationalization of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
Currently celebrating its 10th anniversary, the BRI,whose aims are to 12. (good) connect the world and expand common prosperity, has brought the healing powers of TCM 13. more countries and regions, bridging different cultures and promoting international cooperation.
In Budapest, the Qihuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Center of Hungary (Qihuang Center) provides 14. ray of hope for patients seeking relief from various health issues. One such patient is Jozsef Frenyo, an 78-year-old 15. (retire) teacher who suffers from hearing impairment due to an inflammation (发炎) of the middle ear five years ago. Since then, he had to use a hearing aid—until he visited the Center two months ago 16. a “miracle” occurred.
After 17. (give) more than 10 acupuncture treatments by TCM expert Zhang Haifang, from northwest China's Gansu Province, Jozsef's hearing improved 18. (significant). He no longer needs the hearing aid.
The Center has also helped Jozsef's son, Csaba Frenyo, who has been struggling with obesity-related health 19. (issue). A combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine treatments helped him lose nine kilograms within a month, 20. (ease) his back and knee pains.
答案全解全析
第3单元 社会服务与人际沟通
限时训练1 形容词和副词
考点巩固练
考点1词性转换/词形变化
1.invisible 句意:宇宙中的许多物体是看不见的,但它们发射无线电波。设空处位于are后作表语,结合语境可知此处表示“看不见的”,需使用visible的反义词invisible。
联想拓展
(1)in-为常见的单词前缀,表示“不;非;相反的”,例如:incorrect 不正确的;inappropriate不合适的;inactive不活跃的;inability无能,无力。注意:invaluable意思为“非常宝贵的;无价的”。
(2)另外,in-还可以表示“在……内”,例如:inland在内地 (或内陆); inside在……内部; indoor室内的。
2.extremely 句意:降落在月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。设空处作状语,修饰形容词challenging,需用副词形式。故填extremely。
归纳总结
以-e结尾的形容词变成副词时,一般情况下直接加-ly;若以-le结尾,则变为-ly,例如possible→possibly,simple→simply;若以-ue结尾,则是去e后加-ly,例如true→truly,due→duly。
3.meaningful 句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处使用了“make+宾语+宾补”的结构,设空处修饰hiking trip,起补充说明的作用,需要使用形容词形式。故填meaningful。
归纳总结
常见的接形容词作宾补的动词:make、keep、leave、think、believe、consider、find、get、wish、have、drive、prove等。
4.accidentally 句意:当他向下看时,他不小心滑倒,从边上掉下去了。该空表示他“意外地”滑倒,修饰谓语动词slipped,需要使用副词形式。故填accidentally。
5.disappointed 句意:有很多人在公交车站等候,而且其中一些人看起来既焦急又失望。设空处与anxious并列,一起作looked的表语,故用形容词形式;再根据句意可知,设空处意为“失望的”,故填disappointed。
6.Recently 句意:最近,咖啡因已经进入了橙汁、苹果汁和其他调味饮料。该空置于句首,且后面有逗号,需要使用副词形式作状语,修饰整个句子。故填Recently。
7.finally 句意:在一名顾客提名她为柴郡的年度女性后,她多年的艰辛努力最终得到了认可。根据句子结构可知,设空处修饰谓语动词,作状语,需要用所给词的副词形式。故填finally。
8.beautiful 句意:梅花的枝条:覆盖着粉红色花蕾的美丽长枝成了极好的装饰。设空处与long一起修饰后面的名词branches,表示“美丽的长枝条”,需用其形容词形式。故填beautiful。
易错分析
本题易错填beautifully,主要原因在于错认为设空处修饰long。遇到类似情况,需要根据句意厘清修饰关系。例如:extremely long branches表示“非常长的枝条”。
9.traditional;hugely 句意:他们还与我们分享了许多深受游客欢迎的夏威夷传统故事。第一空修饰后面的名词,表示“传统的故事”,需要使用所给词的形容词形式,故填traditional;第二空修饰后面的形容词popular,表示程度,需要使用其副词形式,故填hugely。
10.fairly 句意:用蒸汽机来拉动车厢,这对乘客来说一定很不舒服,因为烟雾弥漫,噪声不断。设空处需用副词修饰形容词unpleasant,表示“非常不舒服的”,故填fairly。
11.gently 句意:当小船顺着江缓缓移动时,群山在水中的沉默的倒影使他说不出话来。设空处修饰As引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词moved,所以要用其副词形式。故填gently。
12.surprised 句意:我给了他一个快速的拥抱,然后回到座位区,留给他一个惊讶的微笑。设空处修饰名词smile,需用其形容词形式。因为表示“他”感到惊讶的,所以使用-ed形式的形容词,故填surprised。
归纳总结
v.-ing和v.-ed形容词的辨析:1.v.-ing形容词主要表示“(某事物)令人感到……”,说明事物的性质;2.v.-ed 形容词主要表示“人(主观上)感到……”,常常修饰人或者如下事物:look、smile、feeling、appearance、cry、face、voice、 mood 等。例如,a frightened look害怕的表情;a frightening look吓人的表情。
13.actually 句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:它(中国)的玉米很重要的一部分就是用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。设空处需用副词作状语,故填actually。
14.Different 句意:与传统的寓言不同,Carson的故事以谴责结束,而不是教益。different from为固定搭配,意为“与……不同”。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Different。
技巧点拨
形容词和副词作状语的区别:形容词作状语用来修饰主语,而副词作状语常用来修饰整个句子。例如:Surprisingly, he should fail in the test.令人惊讶的是,他竟然没通过考试。Surprised and embarrassed,he didn't know what to say.既惊讶又尴尬,他不知该说些什么。
15.true 句意:至少有一件事被证明是正确的:这种颜色洗不掉。设空处前的proved为系动词,表示“证明是”,后接形容词作表语。故填true。
16.Additionally 句意:此外,黄油和咖啡的早餐不包含健康饮食所必需的营养。设空处为副词作状语修饰整个句子,意为“此外”,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Additionally。
17.attractive 句意:他补充道,如果学生们发现一个特定的话题很吸引人,他们就会关注它。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构,设空处修饰topic,应用形容词作宾补,故填attractive。
联想拓展
-ive为形容词后缀,表示“……的”。例如:attractive有吸引力的;active活跃的。此外,-ive也可以是名词后缀,表示“……人”。例如:representative代表;native当地人。
18.officially 句意:从明天起,我将成为他们的英国大使。这个头衔将在伦敦的一次仪式上被正式授予我。设空处需用副词修饰动词,表示“被正式授予”。故填officially。
19.delightful 句意:被誉为“无声的诗”“活的雕塑”的盆景艺术是中国罕见的、令人赏心悦目的艺术形式。设空处与形容词rare并列,共同修饰Chinese art form,应使用其形容词形式。此处表示“迷人的;令人愉快的”,故填delightful。
20.Anxious 句意:他们急于改善耕作条件,在大范围内试验了这种新作物。设空处修饰主语they,作原因状语,应使用其形容词形式。该空位于句首,首字母需要大写。故填Anxious。
21.Basically 句意:因此,他们在学什么 基本上,(学习)如何描述大熊猫的生活。设空处修饰后面整个句子,应使用副词形式。并且该空位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
22.remarkable 句意:这座城市的显著发展是有意设计的,目的是在步入现代世界的同时保护过去,这意味着这里总是有新的东西等待被发现,我可能会在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。设空处修饰名词development,需用形容词,意为“非凡的,奇异的,显著的,引人注目的”。故填remarkable。
23.roughly 句意:例如,在一个名为“No Fly Climate Sci”的网站上,大约200名学者——其中许多是气候科学家——自两年前开始努力以来,承诺尽可能少地乘飞机。此处表示大约200名,需用副词形式。故填roughly。
24.tasty 句意:小笼包(灌汤包),精致的包子皮包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和香喷喷的新鲜肉馅,那些令人惊叹的构造,无疑是我最爱的中国街边食物。设空处修饰名词soup,表示“美味的汤”,应用形容词形式,故填tasty。
熟词生义
far and away意为“无疑地;显然”。
25.daily 句意:据说你花2个小时就能完成,但是我们在不同的门、瞭望塔前停下来照相,或只是看当地人做他们的日常事务。设空处位于名词routines前作定语,表示“每天的”,需用形容词形式,故填daily。
联想拓展
常见的以-ly结尾的形容词:deadly致命的;lively活跃的;lovely可爱的;friendly友好的;yearly每年的;monthly每月的;weekly每周的;costly昂贵的;orderly有秩序的。
26.existing;sighted 句意:哈佛大学的科学家Ella Striem-Amit说,盲人用他们的现有的感官来识别形状,在某种程度上类似于看得见的人的做法。两个设空处都应用形容词修饰后面的名词,作定语,表示“现有的”和“看得见的”。故填existing和sighted。
考点2比较等级
27.most 句意:我游览过中国的很多城市,北京是我最喜欢的城市。根据语境可知,此处应使用最高级。故填most。
28.fondly 句意:今天,在这位艺术家的其他作品中,没有哪一件像这件一样被深深地记得。该句包含比较等级结构“as...as...”,表示“和……一样……”。其中,第一个as为副词,后面接形容词或者副词原级,第二个as为连词。设空处修饰remembered,需使用其副词形式。故填fondly。
29.longer 句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比非跑步者的寿命长三年。该空后有than,需要使用比较级。故填longer。
技巧点拨
在做语法填空题时,看到than要先想到比较级,看到比较级要先想到than,然后再根据具体情况加以判断。
30.easier 句意:网上购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易在给所爱的人的礼物上花费更多。该句中有“make+it+形容词(作宾补)+for sb. to do sth.”的结构,故设空处需使用形容词形式,再结合语境可知,此处应用比较级形式。故填easier。
31.better 句意:在花了一些时间看了城墙所有的防御设施后,我们决定该采取一些行动了,有什么比在历史遗迹上骑行更好呢!根据设空处后的than可知,设空处应用形容词的比较级形式,故填better。
归纳总结
常见的比较级和最高级的不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
good好的, well健康的 better更好的/更健康的 best最好的/最健康的
bad/ill坏的 worse更坏的 worst最坏的
many/much 许多的 more更多的 most最多的
续表
原级 比较级 最高级
little少的 less更少的 least最少的
far远的 farther(只指距离)更远的 farthest(只指距离)最远的
further(指距离)更远的;(指程度)更深入的 furthest(指距离)最远的;(指程度)最深入的
old年老的; 旧的 older(指年龄、新旧)较老的,较旧的;(指血缘)较年长的 oldest(指年龄、新旧)最老的,最旧的;(指血缘)最年长的
elder(只指血缘)较年长的 eldest(只指血缘)最年长的
32.further 句意:没多想,Florence就开始写作,并且成为一名专业的网络小说家。根据句意可知,应用far的比较级further,意为“进一步”,作thinking的状语,故填further。
33.happier 句意:大家都说那是一桩理想的婚姻。没有人见到过比他们更幸福的夫妇了。“a/an+比较级”表示“一个更……的”;此处在否定句中用比较级表示最高级的意思。故填happier。
34.least 句意:戴维获得了歌唱一等奖;他现在仍然很兴奋,一点也不想上床睡觉。根据句意可知,此处应使用little的最高级形式作定语修饰desire,表示“非常不想”。故填least。
35.largest 句意:事实上,Royte写道:“如果食物浪费是一个国家,它将会是世界上第三大温室气体生产国。”此处为“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词+in+范围”结构,表示“在某一范围内第……的……”,应使用最高级形式。故填largest。
技巧点拨
在使用最高级的句子中,常常会有一些表示范围的标志词。例如:in+时间、in+地点、of all、of+人、among+人/物、all over...等。
考点3衔接副词
36.Therefore/Thus 句意:当我妈妈看到我的作品时,她告诉我我的设计多么有创意。因此,我开始了我一生对制作东西的兴趣。设空处前后两句之间为因果关系,设空处表示“因此,所以”,且位于句首,后面有逗号隔开,应用副词。故填Therefore/Thus。
归纳总结
英语中经常出现的衔接副词:yet(然而),besides(此外,而且),still(仍然),though(然而),however(然而),meanwhile(与此同时),therefore/thus(因此,所以),moreover/furthermore/additionally(此外),anyway/anyhow(尽管,即使这样),what's more(此外),what's worse/even worse(更糟糕的是)。解答此类题目时,首先要把握副词词义,然后采用句子翻译法,分析前后两句的逻辑关系,从而得出正确答案。
37.However 句意:在进步和文化遗址的保护之间找到和保持正确的平衡是一个巨大的挑战。但是,大的挑战有时可能会带来很好的解决方案。设空处前后两句之间存在转折关系,且设空处位于句首,后面有逗号隔开,应用副词作状语。故填However。
38.Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Additionally 句意:高中时,我对电脑产生了好奇心,并建立了我的第一个网站。此外,我完成了计算机基础的高级课程,以及五门相关的大学预科课程。根据句意可知,设空处表示“而且;除此之外”。故填Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Additionally。
综合强化练
1.Larger 考查比较级。句意:云豹比家猫大,它们因(身上)不规则的、云状的斑点而得名。由空后的than可知,该空应用形容词比较级形式,并且该空位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填Larger。
2.frightened 考查词性转换。句意:从Mace那越来越惊恐的表情上判断,Lord知道他最后那只乱箭射中了要害。该空需使用形容词形式修饰名词expression,作定语,表示“惊恐的表情”,故填frightened。
易错分析
易错原因一:看到expression不是指人,便填frightening。主要原因是混淆了以-ed和-ing结尾的形容词的用法。-ed结尾的形容词不仅可以修饰人,还可以修饰人的表情等,表示“感到……的”。易错原因二:单词拼写错误,该单词需先加-en转化为动词,再加-ed转化为形容词。
3.steadily 考查词性转换。句意:然而,太阳并不是静止的,它稳步地从地平线上升起,到达最高点,然后落向西方。设空处修饰动词rose,需用副词形式。故填steadily。
熟词生义
still 熟义:adv.仍然;还是 生义:adj.静止的
set 熟义:v.放;置 生义:v.(太阳、月亮等天体)落下
4.excellent 考查词性转换。句意:这是一名年轻而出色的跳水运动员的精彩表现,她最近才崭露头角。设空处修饰名词diver,应用形容词作定语,故填excellent。
5.temporarily 考查词性转换。句意:对于那些曾计划暂时在这里工作的人来说,也许他们还要几年才能搬到更大的城市。设空处修饰动词work,应使用副词形式。故填temporarily。
6.more likely 考查比较级。句意:Mike McKenzie 发现,每天学习超过3小时的学生成为锻炼者的可能性是常人的3.5倍。根据3.5 times可知,设空处应用比较级形式,表示“更有可能的”。故填more likely。
7.truly 考查词性转换。句意:意千重补充道:“网络小说可以被添加到外国图书馆的收藏中,这真出乎我的意料。”设空处修饰形容词unexpected,应用副词形式。故填truly。
8.biggest 考查最高级。句意:曼彻斯特的希顿公园,英国最大的旅游景点之一,将举办另一场Lightopia展览。“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”。故填biggest。
9.tired 考查词性转换。句意:在失踪十天后,失踪的男孩回到了家,疲惫但健康。设空处应用形容词作状语,修饰主语the missing boy,此处表示“疲惫但健康的男孩”,故填tired。
熟词生义
sound 熟义:n.声音 v.听起来好像 生义:adj.完好的;健康的
10.Unfortunately 考查词性转换。句意:不幸的是,探索家和后来的定居者仅用了几十年就把这些资源中的很大一部分严重破坏了。设空处修饰整个句子,应使用副词形式。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Unfortunately。
11.unfamiliar 考查词形变化。句意:虽然走出自己的舒适区可能会有挑战性,有点吓人,但从长远来看,面对不熟悉的挑战会让你感到更满足。设空处作定语修饰名词challenges,应用形容词形式,结合语境可知此处表示“不熟悉的”,故填unfamiliar。
12.unbearable 考查词性转换。句意:这里的天气已经变得真的让人无法忍受了。一年多的时间没下雨,这个城市正遭受着异常炎热的天气。设空处被副词really修饰,位于系动词become后作表语,需使用形容词。根据语境可知,此处表示“无法忍受的”,故填unbearable。
13.absolutely 考查词性转换。句意:这些幼兽重约2.5千克,非常小,完全没有危险。设空处作状语,应使用副词形式。故填absolutely。
14.asleep 考查词性转换。句意:俄克拉荷马大学2021年的一项综述研究发现,受睡眠障碍、时差反应和轮班工作影响的人在戴上这种眼镜后入睡更快。本句中的fell为系动词,意为“进入……状态”,后常接表语性形容词,fall asleep意为“入睡,进入睡眠状态”。故填asleep。
联想拓展
1.fall作为系动词使用的常见短语:fall asleep入睡,进入睡眠状态;fall ill生病;fall silent沉默。
2.常见的表语性形容词有asleep、afraid、awake、alone、aware、alive、alike等。这类词常常作表语、后置定语或者宾语补足语。
15.dramatically 考查词性转换。句意:我突然意识到,事情本可以以一种截然不同的方式发展。设空处修饰其后的形容词different,需要使用副词形式,此处表示“显著地,明显地”,故填dramatically。
16.amazing 考查词性转换。句意:活动的重头戏是马耳他龙龟武术学校成员的表演,他们展示了令人惊叹的舞龙和武术,吸引了许多观众。设空处修饰名词短语dragon dances and martial arts,需使用形容词作定语。此处表示“令人惊叹的”,故填amazing。
17.educational 考查词性转换。句意:与此同时,随着各大出版社继续为学龄前儿童开发教育计算机程序,电脑游戏正变得越来越受欢迎。设空处修饰名词computer programs,需用形容词形式。故填educational。
18.However 考查副词。句意:我喜欢学英语,而且能很容易记住单词。然而,当涉及阅读理解时,这真的是一个挑战。设空处前后两句之间存在转折关系,且设空处位于句首,后面有逗号隔开,应用副词作状语。故填However。
19.effective;really 考查词性转换。句意:积累词汇的有效的方式之一就是读好书。你需要每周至少真正看一本好书,最好是一本经典的书。第一空修饰名词ways,需使用形容词作定语,此处表示“有效的方式”,故填effective;第二空修饰动词read,应使用副词形式,故填really。
20.affordable;higher 考查词性转换和比较级。句意:明显的是钱;每周出去吃一两次可能是负担得起的,但大多数时候这样做就会积少成多。你的健康可能会付出甚至更高的代价。第一空位于系动词be后,需使用形容词作表语,表示“负担得起的”,故填affordable;第二空修饰名词cost,需用形容词形式,并且空前的even表示程度,常用来修饰比较级,故填higher。
归纳总结
常见的修饰形容词或者副词比较级的副词有much、still、even、a little、a bit、a lot、rather、far等。
素养提升练
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国作家欧·亨利的小说《二十年后》的内容。通过吉米和鲍勃两个好朋友二十年后再相会时所发生的故事来说明,在人际交往中,人们有时必须要做出艰难的选择。
1.values 考查名词的复数。句意:它关系到他们的道德准则。value在表示“价值观;准则;信念”时常用复数形式,且本题根据语境和前面的their可知,需使用复数形式。故填values。
2.a 考查冠词。句意:《二十年后》的故事发生在纽约的一个寒冷、漆黑的夜晚。设空处后为可数名词单数night,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,且cold以辅音音素开头,故填a。
3.dined 考查动词的时态。句意:二十年前,鲍勃和他的朋友吉米在一个餐馆就餐。本句为简单句,设空处作谓语,根据时间状语Twenty years ago可知,本句应用一般过去时。故填dined。
4.to make 考查非谓语动词。句意:他决定去西部发财,但吉米宁愿留在纽约。根据语境可知,此处表示去西部的目的,应使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
5.where 考查定语从句。句意:他们承诺会在之前就餐的地方见面。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词place,且设空处在从句中作地点状语,表示“在这个地方”,相当于“at the place”,故填关系副词where。
6.appointment 考查名词。句意:鲍勃遵守约定回来了,他相信如果吉米还活着,他一定会来,因为在他的眼中,没有人比吉米更真诚可靠。设空处作kept的宾语,应使用名词。keep the appointment为固定短语,表示“遵守约定”。故填appointment。
联想拓展
make an appointment预约;keep an appointment赴约;fail to keep an appointment失约;break an appointment爽约
7.reliable 考查形容词。句意同上。设空处与形容词genuine并列,位于系动词was后作表语,需要使用形容词形式。故填reliable。
8.waiting 考查非谓语动词。句意:他划了一根火柴,点燃了雪茄,等着他的朋友。此句为简单句,struck为谓语动词,因此设空处应使用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语,相当于and waited。又因为主语He和wait之间为主动关系,应使用现在分词形式。故填waiting。
9.desperately 考查副词。句意:吉米到达了指定的地点,但发现鲍勃就是芝加哥警方急切地要追捕的那个人。设空处修饰wanted,需用副词作状语,表示“非常需要,极想”。故填desperately。
10.himself 考查代词。句意:然而,吉米不愿亲自逮捕他最好的朋友,所以他请了一个便衣警察来做这件事。结合句意可知,设空处与主语为同一人称,表示“他自己”,故填himself。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在成立了十周年后,“一带一路”倡议(BRI)已经推动了中医药的国际化,把中药的疗效带到了不同的国家和地区,缩小了文化差距,促进了国际合作。
11.have spread/have been spreading 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:中国古代的治疗方法已经沿着丝绸之路传播了两千多年,但“一带一路”倡议(BRI)已经进一步促进了中医药的国际化。本句为but连接的并列复合句,设空处在前一个分句中作谓语,根据时间状语for over two millennia可知,该处应使用现在完成时。若强调这一动作一直在进行,也可以使用现在完成进行时。因为主语Chinese healing methods为复数名词,所以谓语动词应使用其复数形式。故填have spread或have been spreading。
12.better 考查比较等级。句意:在庆祝“一带一路”倡议10周年之际,带着更好地连接世界、促进共同繁荣的宗旨,“一带一路”倡议已经将中医药的疗效带到更多国家和地区,缩小了不同文化的差距,促进了国际合作。设空处修饰动词connect,应使用该词的副词形式。结合句意可知,(相对于以前)BRI可以更好地连接世界。应使用比较级形式,故填其副词比较级形式better。
易错分析
该空易错填well。主要原因是学生只注重语法分析而忽视了句意理解。词汇在具体语境中的使用是新高考考查的重点,应该引起重视!
难句分析
expand common prosperity,
to more countries and regions,
international cooperation.
13.to 考查介词。句意同上。bring...to...意为“把……带到……”。故填to。
14.a 考查冠词。句意:在布达佩斯,匈牙利岐黄中医药中心为那些因各种健康问题而寻求解脱的患者提供了一线希望。根据句意可知,此处表示“一线希望”,空后的ray以辅音音素开头,故填a。
15.retired 考查形容词。句意:78岁的退休教师Jozsef Frenyo就是这样的一个病人,他五年前因为中耳炎患上了听力损伤。根据空后名词teacher可知,此处需要填形容词“退休的”来修饰该名词,表示“一名退休的教师”。故填retired。
16.when 考查定语从句。句意:从那以后,他不得不使用助听器——直到两个月前他来到该中心,一个“奇迹”发生了。分析句子可知,此处为定语从句,修饰前面的two months ago。并且后面从句的基本结构完整,缺少时间状语,需使用关系副词引导,故填when。
17.being given 考查动名词的被动形式。句意:来自中国西北部甘肃省的中医专家张海芳给他做了十多次针灸治疗后,Jozsef的听力有了显著改善。根据空前介词After可知,本空应用动名词形式,且give和逻辑主语Jozsef之间为被动关系,所以本空应用动名词的被动形式。故填being given。
易错分析
本题易错填giving,主要原因是学生简单地认为动名词就是doing,其实还包括动名词的被动式being done、否定式not doing/being done、完成式having done/having been done。
18.significantly 考查副词。句意同上。设空处修饰前面的动词improved,需用副词形式,表示“显著地”,故填significantly。
19.issues 考查名词的复数。句意:该中心也帮助了Jozsef的儿子Csaba Frenyo,他一直在与和肥胖相关的健康问题作斗争。该空与health连用,表示“健康问题”。issue在此处为可数名词,前面没有限定词修饰,表示泛指,应用名词的复数形式。故填issues。
20.easing 考查非谓语动词。句意:针灸和草药治疗的结合帮助他在一个月内减掉了9公斤,减轻了他背部和膝盖的疼痛。本句为简单句,helped为谓语动词,此处应用非谓语动词,表示自然而然的结果。故填easing。
联想拓展
非谓语动词作结果状语的两种常见形式:(1)现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果。例如:He slipped, hurting the head.他滑倒了,伤了头。(2)动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果,前面常加only。例如:He hurried to the airport,only to be told the flight had been called off.他急忙赶到机场,却被告知航班取消了。