第3单元 人与社会 限时训练2【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）

第3单元　社会服务与人际沟通
限时训练2
限时30分钟
Ⅰ　阅读理解
A
　　On December 23, 2022, Alexander and Andrea Campagna answered a hurried knock at their door. Their home near Buffalo, New York, was struck by a deadly snowstorm, and a group of nine South Korean tourists (and their driver) were trapped. The Campagnas welcomed them in and hosted them for a weekend. What followed was a heartwarming story of sympathy and hospitality. By the end of their time with their guests, Alexander and Andrea planned on visiting South Korea. This wasn't an empty promise, either; the couple recently reunited with their friends in their home country.
Alexander and Andrea boarded a ship on a 10-day all-expenses-paid tour of Seoul as guests of the Korea Tourism Organization. It was a reward for the Buffalo couple's kindness and an opportunity to promote travel to the country. The visit included a series of Korean culture as well as its natural beauty. The Campagnas went to the 14th-century Gyeongbokgung Palace, walked through Gwanghwamun Square, and generally received the star treatment. They dined at Michelin-recommended restaurants and went on private tours. This also included a mountain hike and a visit to the Demilitarized Zone.
The wonderful trip was made complete with a reunion with six of the nine tourists who had come to their door five months earlier. They shared a four-course meal at a restaurant in a traditional Korean house overlooking the grand Changdeokgung Palace. There were happy tears; but most of all, there was gratitude. Everyone felt like the chance meeting was a fate (命运的安排).
“To see everyone in Korea again is such a blessing,” Andrea told reporters in Seoul. “We've always had an appreciation of and interest in Korea. They ended up in the right place at the right time. Now we have people we can call friends for a lifetime.”
1.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 1
A.The weather conditions in Buffalo, New York.
B.South Korean tourists' desire to visit New York.
C.An incident before the Campagnas made their plan.
D.A promise made by Alexander and Andrea Campagna.
2.During their stay in Seoul the Campagnas 　　　　　.
A.were well treated wherever they went　　　　B.spent much money on the sightseeing
C.revelled little but rested much at hotels　　　　D.stayed with the nine South Korean tourists
3.What's the common feeling of the nine tourists and the Campagnas
A.Concerned.　　　　B.Grateful.　　　　C.Anxious.　　　　D.Tolerant.
4.Which of the following can best agree with the story
A.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B.God helps those who help themselves.
C.Where there is a will there is a way.
D.One good turn deserves another.
B
　　For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked an original group of 724 men and more than 1,300 of their male and female descendants (后代) over three generations, asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy.
Through all the years of studying these lives, one crucial factor stands out for the consistency and power of its bond to physical health, mental health and longevity: good relationships.
In 2008, researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights. Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of questions about their days.
On days when these men and women spent more time in the company of others, they were happier. Like most older people, those in the Harvard Study experienced day-to-day rises and falls in their levels of physical pain and health difficulties. But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned (缓和打击) somewhat from these ups and downs of moods—their happiness did not decline as much on the days when they had more pain. Simply put, their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect.
Elizabeth Gillespie, a therapist of couples, stated that although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard, and at times, impossible, it is essential to our well-being.
Today we live in much more complicated environments, so meeting our social needs presents different challenges. We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to, because it is hidden by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands.
5.What's the purpose of the Harvard Study of Adult Development
A.To study their lives over three generations.
B.To reveal the secret to health and well-being.
C.To track the descendants of an original group.
D.To study the relationship between health and happiness.
6.How did the researchers carry out the study
A.By working with other researchers.　　　　B.By tracking specific groups of people.
C.By helping participants with social difficulties.　　　　D.By comparing the results from different people.
7.Why did the author mention the examples in Paragraph 4
A.To provide evidence for the bond between health and longevity.
B.To introduce the concept of physical pain and health difficulties.
C.To show the negative impact of unhappy marriages on older people's mood.
D.To support the positive impact of satisfying relationships on people's lives.
8.According to Elizabeth Gillespie, what is essential to our well-being
A.Having good social connections.　　　　B.Declining pains and difficulties.
C.Overcoming ups and downs of moods.　　　　D.Experiencing rises and falls of physical health.
Ⅱ　七选五
　　Your neighbors are probably the first line of defense in case of any problematic situation. 1.　　　 It gives you an assurance that you have people close by looking out for you. Here are easily appropriate tips on creating stronger neighbor relationships.
The first step is introducing yourself when you move to a new neighborhood or when a newcomer moves in. Leave them a note under their door to introduce yourself. 2.　　　 It doesn't have to cost you a fortune and opting for a potted plant or baked biscuits will do. These actions present excellent opportunities to connect with them.
Be respectful of your neighbors. It's in poor taste to have regular insensitive parties at your place causing disturbance. Before your party, it's good practice to notify your neighbors. Besides, avoid chatting them up for hours on end, which may be inconvenient, especially if you don't know their schedules. 3.　　　 When you borrow anything, return it in due time. If you accidentally break their things, replace them without being asked to.
4.　　　 You could offer to babysit your neighbors' kids, help with snow removal or even keep an eye on their home when they're away. Such acts of reaching out to your neighbors make for stronger relationships.
As Emma Sepp l put it, “Social connectedness generates a positive feedback loop (圈) of social, emotional and physical well-being.” It feels so easy to just stay home without having to engage with your neighbors but connecting with them is worth the effort. 5.　　
A.Remember every small gesture counts.
B.A crisis is a test of communication skills.
C.It can actually boost your mood in the long run.
D.Slipping it in their mailbox further solidifies friendship.
E.It's essential to ensure you maintain decent relationships with them.
F.Alternatively, you can give them a gift while making yourself known to them.
G.Only by establishing healthy boundaries will you achieve peaceful coexistence.
Ⅲ　完形填空
　　Outside Brian Peterson's apartment, a homeless man was often yelling on the street corner. Peterson sometimes passed by, but they never 　1　.
One day, Peterson was reading a book about the power of love in action, when his quiet was again disturbed by the man. Inspired by the book, Peterson made a(n) 　2　 decision to go outside and introduce himself. He learned that the man, Matt Faris, had come to pursue a music career, but soon fell on hard times and 　3　 living on the street.
“It was 　4　 that I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn't shaved in probably a year,” Peterson recalled later in an interview. “And I even offered to paint his portrait, even though I hadn't picked up a 　5　 in years.”
Peterson's connection with Faris led him to 　6　 a nonprofit which focused on befriending and painting portraits of the homeless. He usually chooses 　7　 inspired by the model's life story. He showed one man 　8　 his battle with alcoholism, for example, by changing the colors from a sad blue to a joyful red.
Each portrait, signed by both the 　9　 and the artist, is for sale. Half of the income is put into a “love 　10　” for the model. He aims to help the homeless 　11　 immediate necessities and get back on their feet. Faris used the funds from his portrait to record a(n) 　12　, fulfilling his musical dreams.
But there's more to the portraits than the 　13　 brought to someone down-and-out. The buyers tend to 　14　 the subject in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have 　15　 overlooked.
1.A.spoke　　　　B.quarreled　　　　C.quit　　　　D.met
2.A.final　　　　B.tough　　　　C.unexpected　　　　D.quick
3.A.got down to　　　　B.ended up　　　　C.got away with　　　　D.gave up
4.A.strange　　　　B.wonderful　　　　C.awful　　　　D.awkward
5.A.skill　　　　B.pen　　　　C.book　　　　D.paintbrush
6.A.inspire　　　　B.found　　　　C.consult　　　　D.contact
7.A.paintings　　　　B.scenes　　　　C.colors　　　　D.characters
8.A.fighting　　　　B.winning　　　　C.losing　　　　D.facing
9.A.subject　　　　B.painter　　　　C.customer　　　　D.seller
10.A.message　　　　B.affair　　　　C.expression　　　　D.account
11.A.secure　　　　B.seek　　　　C.donate　　　　D.share
12.A.story　　　　B.film　　　　C.experience　　　　D.album
13.A.profit　　　　B.benefit　　　　C.money　　　　D.attention
14.A.inquire about 　　　　B.connect with　　　　C.get along with　　　　D.come across
15.A.finally　　　　B.definitely　　　　C.otherwise　　　　D.seldom
答案全解全析
限时训练2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国纽约的Campagna夫妇和九名韩国游客的故事。在暴风雪天气下,Campagna夫妇善良地收留了韩国游客,而后又被他们邀请去韩国旅游,并且受到了盛情的款待。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,2022年12月23日,Alexander和Andrea Campagna的家乡遭遇了严重的暴风雪天气,并且有九名韩国游客和他们的司机被困。Campagna夫妇欢迎他们,并招待他们过了一个周末。最后引出韩国游客邀请他们去韩国旅行并兑现诺言的故事。因此,作者想要告诉读者的是Campagna夫妇去韩国旅游前发生的事件。故选C。
易错分析
　　推理判断题不是事实细节题,不能因为第一段谈到了天气就错选A项;更不能因为文中提到了promise就选D项(Campagna夫妇做出的承诺)。本题所要推断的答案是作者写第一段的目的:交代后文Campagna夫妇韩国之行的故事背景。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Campagnas went to the 14th-century Gyeongbokgung Palace, walked through Gwanghwamun Square, and generally received the star treatment. They dined at Michelin-recommended restaurants and went on private tours.”可知,Campagna夫妇参观了建于14世纪的景福宫,步行穿过光化门广场,受到了明星般的待遇,他们在米其林推荐的餐厅用餐,并参加私人旅游。所以,在首尔游玩期间,无论走到哪里,Campagna夫妇都受到了盛情的款待。故选A。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“There were happy tears; but most of all, there was gratitude. Everyone felt like the chance meeting was a fate (命运).”可知,他们心怀感激。每个人都感觉这次偶遇是命运的安排。所以,他们的共同感受是感激。故选B。
4.D　推理判断题。本文第一段讲述了Campagna夫妇在暴风雪天收留了九名韩国游客的事;第二段讲述了Campagna夫妇应邀到韩国后的具体的旅行过程;第三段讲述Campagna夫妇与其中六名游客在韩国重聚;最后一段讲述了Andrea认为这次的经历让他们获得了一份一生的友谊。综上可知,Campagna夫妇善良的行为为他们赢得了回报。所以,D项“善有善报”符合这个故事的核心思想。A.患难见真情;B.天助自助者;C.有志者,事竟成。
熟词生义
1.host 熟义:n.主人;节目主持人 v.主办,主持(活动)
生义:v.作为主人组织(聚会);做东
2.course 熟义:n.课程;航线　生义:n.一道菜
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了哈佛大学成人发展研究机构所进行的一项研究,他们发现了一个影响健康和幸福的重要因素:良好的社交关系。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy.”可知,Harvard Study of Adult Development进行了数百次测量,目的是找出真正让人们保持健康和快乐的因素。所以,“揭示健康和幸福的秘诀”就是该研究的目的。故选B。
技巧点拨
　　关于调查和研究类的说明文,通常会在文章的开头交代调查和研究的目的及结果。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In 2008, researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights.”可知,2008年,哈佛大学研究人员连续八晚每晚给参与研究的那些八十多岁夫妇的妻子和丈夫打电话。所以,研究者开展研究的方式是追踪这些八十多岁的夫妇,也就是通过“追踪特定群体”来实施研究。故选B。
易错分析
　　本题易错选D项,主要原因在于学生忽视原文,主观臆断。纵然该类研究经常使用对比的研究方式,但是本文使用的是追踪样本进行分析的研究方式。
7.D　推理判断题。本文前四段的脉络如下:
综上可知,此处通过具体的例子说明幸福的婚姻对健康长寿有积极作用是为了进一步证实令人满意的关系对人们生活的积极影响。故选D。
8.A　推理判断题。
①根据题干中的“Elizabeth Gillespie”可将答案定位到第五段。
②根据第五段“...although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard, and at times, impossible, it is essential to our well-being.”可知,虽然我们大多数人发现我们的人际关系经历可能很难,有时甚至是不可能的,但它对我们的幸福是必要的。画线处it代指our experience of relationships,所以Elizabeth Gillespie 认为拥有好的社交关系对幸福是必不可少的。故选A。
难句分析
原句　But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned (缓和打击) somewhat from these ups and downs of moods—their happiness did not decline as much on the days when they had more pain.
分析　本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句,“who were in more satisfying relationships”为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people,“when they had more pain”为when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词days,破折号起解释说明的作用。
译文　但研究人员发现,那些拥有更令人满意的关系的人稍微少受情绪起伏的影响——他们的幸福感在他们更痛苦的时候并没有下降那么多。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与邻居建立良好的人际关系。
①通读全文,把握文章大意和文章结构
文章大意:与邻居建立更好的人际关系的建议
文章结构:总—分—总
总——Para. 1:邻里关系的重要性
分——Paras. 2-4:与邻居建立更好的人际关系的建议
总——Para. 5:与邻居处好关系有益于个人情绪的提升
②通读选项,了解各选项的中心点,画出关键词
A.Remember every small gesture counts.(小举动)
B.A crisis is a test of communication skills.(危机)
C.It can actually boost your mood in the long run.(提升情绪)
D.Slipping it in their mailbox further solidifies friendship.(助人与友谊)
E.It's essential to ensure you maintain decent relationships with them.(确保保持良好的关系是重要的)
F.Alternatively, you can give them a gift while making yourself known to them.(送礼物与介绍自己)
G.Only by establishing healthy boundaries will you achieve peaceful coexistence.(保持健康的边界与和平共处)
③把选项一一代入文章空处,寻找每个题最适合的选项
1.E　细节句。根据前一句“万一出现任何问题,你的邻居可能是第一道防线。”可知,邻里关系很重要。结合各选项中心点可知,E项“确保你与他们保持良好的关系是至关重要的。”符合语境,能够与上文衔接。E项中的“them”与空前的“Your neighbors”相对应。
2.F　细节句。根据下文“It doesn't have to cost you a fortune and opting for a potted plant or baked biscuits will do.”可知,你不用花很多钱,选择盆栽植物或烤饼干就可以了。这里的盆栽植物和烤饼干便是要送给邻居的礼物。所以设空处需要含有“礼物”或者“送礼物”的选项。结合各选项的中心点可知,F项的关键词“送礼物与介绍自己”符合语境,此外,F项中的“a gift”与空后的“It”相对应。
3.G　过渡句。本段的主旨句为“Be respectful of your neighbors.”,所以后文要写尊重邻居的具体表现。设空处前讲到聚会要提前通知邻居,不要连续几个小时和他们聊天,设空处后讲到借任何东西时,要及时归还。结合各选项中心点来看,G项“只有建立健康的边界,你才能实现和平共处。”能承上启下,符合语境。
4.A　主旨句。后文提到你可以帮忙照看邻居的孩子,帮他们扫雪,甚至在他们不在的时候帮他们照看房子,这种向邻居伸出援手的行为可以建立更牢固的关系。这些都是帮助邻居的小举动,结合各选项中心点来看,A项“记住,每一个小举动都很重要。”能引起下文,可以概括后文的帮忙看孩子、扫雪等行为,符合语境。
5.C　主旨句。根据前文中的“Social connectedness generates a positive feedback loop (圈) of social, emotional and physical well-being”和“connecting with them is worth the effort”可知,社会联系产生了社会、情感和身体健康的积极反馈循环,与他们(邻居)联系是值得的。所以本段讲的是与邻居联系的益处。结合各选项的中心点来看,C项“从长远来看,它实际上可以提升你的情绪。”符合语境。C项中的“boost your mood”与空前的“a positive feedback loop”相对应。
熟词生义
due 熟义:adj.由于;因为　生义:adj.预定的;预期的
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了画家Brian Peterson在与流浪汉Matt Faris相识后,他成立了一个专门与无家可归人士交友并为他们画像的非营利组织,并利用售卖肖像的钱帮助他们重新振作起来的故事。
1.A　根据后文的“Peterson made a(n) 　2　 decision to go outside and introduce himself”可知,Brian Peterson决定到外面做自我介绍,说明他们以前不认识,没有交流过,没说过话。speak说话;quarrel吵架;quit离开;meet见面。故选A。
2.C　根据前文的“Peterson sometimes passed by, but they never 　1　.”可知,Brian Peterson有时从此人面前路过,但是却没交流过。所以,他这次主动到外面做自我介绍的决定是出乎意料的。final最终的;tough艰难的;unexpected出乎意料的;quick快的。故选C。
3.B　根据前文的“had come to pursue a music career”可知,Matt Faris最初是来追求音乐事业的,现在却流落街头。所以“最终,最后”符合语境。get down to着手处理;end up最终成为;最后处于;get away with逃脱惩罚;give up放弃。故选B。
4.A　根据后文的“I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn't shaved in probably a year”可知,Peterson在一个大概一年没刮胡子的男人脸上看到了美。这与人们的常识相悖,所以说这件事是奇怪的。strange奇怪的;wonderful美妙的;awful 可怕的;awkward令人尴尬的。故选A。
5.D　根据前文的“And I even offered to paint his portrait”可知,Peterson主动提出为他画像,所以,他需要拿起的是画笔。skill技能;pen钢笔;book书;paintbrush画笔。故选D。
6.B　根据后文的“a nonprofit which focused on befriending and painting portraits of the homeless”可知,这是一个专注于与无家可归人士交友及为他们画像的非营利组织。与“非营利组织”搭配的动词应是“创建”。inspire启发;found创建;consult 咨询;contact联系。故选B。
7.C　根据后文的“changing the colors from a sad blue to a joyful red”可知,Peterson根据模特的生活故事来选择颜色。painting绘画;scene场景;color颜色;character文字。故选C。
8.B　根据后文的“changing the colors from a sad blue to a joyful red”可知,颜色从悲伤的蓝色变成了快乐的红色,说明这个男人战胜了酗酒。fight打架;win赢得;lose输掉;face面对。故选B。
9.A　根据最后一段中的“The buyers tend to 　14　 the subject in the painting”可知,每幅画像都有绘画题材,所以每幅画像是在被标出了绘画题材和艺术家后才被出售的。subject绘画题材;painter画家;customer客户;seller卖者。故选A。
10.D　根据前文可知,该组织的目的是帮助那些无家可归的人,所以,他们画像的销售收入的一半会存入(所绘画)模特的“爱心账户”。message消息;affair事务;expression表达;account账户。故选D。
11.A　根据后文的“immediate necessities and get back on their feet”可知,他的目标是帮助无家可归的人获得即时的必需品以及帮助他们重新振作起来。secure获得;seek寻找;donate捐赠;share分享。故选A。
12.D　根据后文的“fulfilling his musical dreams”可知,Faris实现了他的音乐梦想,故他录制的是一张专辑。story故事;film电影;experience经历;album音乐专辑。故选D。
13.C　根据上文“Half of the income is put into a ‘love 　10　’ for the model.”可知,Brian Peterson通过销售肖像画给穷困潦倒的人钱。所以,对于这些画像来说,还有比给穷困潦倒的人钱更有意义的事。profit利润;benefit益处;money钱;attention注意。故选C。
14.B　根据设空处所在句“The buyers...finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have 　15　 overlooked.”可知,买家倾向于与画中的题材建立联系,找到相似之处,与他们可能忽视的人建立友谊。inquire about询问;connect with与……建立联系;get along with与……和睦相处;come across偶然遇见。故选B。
15.C　根据文章开头可知,Brian Peterson与Matt Faris开始并不认识,Brian Peterson受到一本书的启发,他们相识。此处照应前文,表示画像可以帮助买家建立友谊。所以,没有这些画,这种友谊是不存在的,可能是被忽视的。finally最后;definitely肯定;otherwise否则;seldom不常。故选C。
熟词生义
1.subject 熟义:n.话题;学科　生义:n.绘画题材
2.secure 熟义:adj.安全的　生义:v.获得;实现
难句分析
原句　The buyers tend to connect with the subject in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked.
分析　本句为主从复合句。“finding similarities and often friendship...”为现在分词短语作伴随状语,“they might have otherwise overlooked”为省略关系代词的定语从句,修饰先行词someone。
译文　买家倾向于与画作中的题材建立联系,寻找相似之处,并经常与他们原本可能忽视的人建立友谊。