第3单元 人与社会 限时训练3【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）

第3单元　社会服务与人际沟通
限时训练3
限时40分钟
Ⅰ　阅读理解
A
　　Looking back, Geoff Banks of Devon, England can hardly even remember how he first started writing to his American friend, Celesta Byrne.
Geoff and Celesta were given each other's names and addresses as part of a school pen pal program back in 1938.They're both now 100 years old, and a lot has changed in the past 84 years: their age has changed; their appearance has changed; but one thing has not—they still use the traditional way to contact each other.
“I honestly struggle to remember something, but I was talking to Celesta recently and I think it was something to do with an American school's scheme,” Geoff said. “They matched us up with Americans for a pen pal relationship, and somehow I ended up with this letter from an American girl, and we've just kept corresponding(通信)ever since.”
Geoff and Celesta's relationship never turned romantic, but they shared a lot over the decades. They kept up their correspondence through World War Ⅱ, sending updates about their families, friends, and work. In 2002, they finally got a chance to meet in person during a trip to New York City. Two years later, they met up again, but ever since then they've gone back to pen and paper.
Recently, they've switched to digital forms of communication to stay in touch, something that's easier on their eyes and hands. Their children have helped them set up email accounts.
“I've known this new thing called Zoom, I think, now to chat with her, but I leave all the technology to younger people. Deep down, I refuse to use Zoom. Writing to Celesta has been a source of great satisfaction for me over the years,” said Geoff.
Celesta says their relationship is “like people who live next door”. “You know how they're doing, you say a few words, and then you both go to work,” she explained. “She's always been there to write to me, even if it was just birthday cards and Christmas cards,” Geoff added.
1.What do Geoff and Celesta insist on doing over the 84 years
A.Enjoying telling jokes.　　　　B.Writing to each other.
C.Creating a program.　　　　D.Keeping a secret.
2.What do Geoff Banks' words in Paragraph 3 tell us
A.How they got in touch.　　　　B.Why they liked writing.
C.What they both liked to do.　　　　D.When they ran a scheme.
3.What is Geoff's attitude towards using Zoom to stay in touch
A.Supportive.　　　　B.Unclear.　　　　C.Doubtful.　　　　D.Disapproving.
4.What is the purpose of this text
A.To introduce a way to make friends.　　　　B.To teach us skills of writing letters.
C.To tell us a tale of lifelong friends.　　　　D.To stress the power of technology.
B
　　Imagine you're out for an evening stroll (闲逛) in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. You will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect the quality of food and service. But is this true
In tourist areas, which lack regular, local customers, the number of diners is unlikely to hold information about the quality of the meal. In this case, following the example of others could have led to a suboptimal (次佳的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant.
Spontaneously (不由自主地) copying other people's thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviors”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep.
Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. Average judgements of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort—after all, there's “safety in numbers”—while helping to maintain a favourable reputation. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal or unique decision.
Herd behaviors, while common and easy to explain, can have many harmful effects. Blindly following the herd can have grave consequences when the followers are trying to escape from danger. As seen in examples during earthquakes, herding may result in the entire crowd rushing for the same door, even if other exits are available. This unavoidably affects evacuation (疏散) efforts and may result in avoidable injuries or even deaths.
Psychology research suggests that it's surprisingly difficult to resist the influences of the herd. In an experiment involving financial decision-making, researchers found that warning messages about the potential errors of the crowd were surprisingly ineffective in helping customers make better choices. It appears that there is no quick and easy fix. Instead, it is advisable to involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards peers' opinions, and questioning others' behaviors as opposed to blindly following them.
5.What does the author want to tell us by the restaurant example
A.Undesirable outcomes of herding.
B.Wise dinner choices of most customers.
C.Practical ways of avoiding herding.
D.Poor conditions of popular dining places.
6.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about herding
A.Its application.　　　　B.Its disadvantages.　　　　C.Its definition.　　　　D.Its benefits.
7.What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph
A.Send warning messages.　　　　B.Follow peers' opinions.
C.Stop behaving critically.　　　　D.Have our own judgments.
8.Which is the best title for the text
A.Why can't you find the reasons for herding
B.Why shouldn't you follow the crowd blindly
C.When should you avoid influences of herding
D.How can you discover wisdom of crowds
Ⅱ　完形填空
　　The four people have persuaded companies to give them ￡250,000 worth of toys and food for nothing. And next Monday, they are going to 　1　 them to every house across north London. David Goodfellow and his three friends, Benny Crane, James Hunter and Callum Teach, call themselves “The Kindness Offensive”. They specialise in 　2　 random acts of kindness for total 　3　.
According to them, it is remarkably easy to get hold of items to give away, if you 　4　. “You simply phone 　5　 manufacturers to see if they are willing to donate something,” Mr Goodfellow explains. “Our phone bills are enormous, but 　6　 you reach someone sympathetic.”
The four friends 　7　 their work together a year ago. “At first, most people were deeply suspicious,” said Mr Crane, a musician. “They didn't think we'd 　8　 our promises.” But the group soon learned how to do it properly and convince people of their good 　9　.
Their first successful “kindness act” was to help 　10　 a boy's dream of watching a football match and, last October, they gave free food to 　11　 seekers. “We've met people struggling just to live,” said Mr Hunter. “They 　12　 want to contribute to society but they can't work and they don't find it easy even to buy food.”
The Kindness Offensive goes to great lengths to 　13　 media exposure but they would like to see more people performing kind deeds for one another. “What I've learnt is that kindness is 　14　,” David's father said. “　15　 you do good deeds, you'll get a lot out of them and others will follow.”
1.A.lead　　　　B.distribute　　　　C.attach　　　　D.apply
2.A.carrying out　　　　B.working out　　　　C.making out　　　　D.bringing out
3.A.children　　　　B.customers　　　　C.strangers　　　　D.friends
4.A.adapt　　　　B.depart　　　　C.concentrate　　　　D.persist
5.A.familiar　　　　B.overseas　　　　C.endless　　　　D.aimless
6.A.initially　　　　B.ultimately　　　　C.unfortunately　　　　D.naturally
7.A.launched　　　　B.concluded　　　　C.advertised　　　　D.gathered
8.A.look forward to　　　　B.pay attention to　　　　C.pass on to　　　　D.live up to
9.A.strategies　　　　B.intentions　　　　C.methods　　　　D.routines
10.A.found　　　　B.affect　　　　C.obtain　　　　D.fulfill
11.A.status　　　　B.power　　　　C.shelter　　　　D.peace
12.A.reluctantly　　　　B.eagerly　　　　C.patiently　　　　D.passively
13.A.avoid　　　　B.double　　　　C.encourage　　　　D.oppose
14.A.complex　　　　B.reasonable　　　　C.influential　　　　D.accurate
15.A.Though　　　　B.Unless　　　　C.Until　　　　D.If
Ⅲ　书面表达
　　假定你是校英文报主编李华。请为新栏目“A Helping Hand”写一则征稿启事。
内容包括:
1.稿件要求;
2.投稿方式(ahelpinghand@);
3.截止日期。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Contributions Wanted
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Editorial Office of School Newspaper
August, 25th
答案全解全析
限时训练3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位百岁老人跨国友谊的故事。从1938年的学校笔友项目相识,他们一直在通过写信的方式保持着联系,分享着各自的故事,维持着这段跨文化的友谊。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“a lot has changed in the past 84 years: their age has changed; their appearance has changed; but one thing has not—they still use the traditional way to contact each other”可知,他们的年龄变了,外表变了,但有一件事没有改变——他们仍然使用传统的联系方式。所以,84年来,他们一直坚持写信联系。故选B。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知,Geoff与Celesta的相识可能与一家美国学校的计划有关。他不知怎么的,收到了一封来自一个美国女孩的信,从那以后他们就一直保持通信。所以,Geoff 讲述了他们之间是怎样取得联系的。故选A。
3.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Deep down, I refuse to use Zoom.”可知,Geoff在内心深处拒绝使用Zoom,所以他不喜欢使用Zoom。supportive支持的;unclear不确定的;doubtful怀疑的;disapproving不赞成的,不喜欢的。故选D。
易错分析
　　本题易错选C项,主要原因是部分同学不能分辨doubtful与disapproving。doubtful意为“怀疑的”,并没有完全否定的意思;disapproving意为“不赞成的,不喜欢的”,表示否定的意思。
4.C　主旨大意题。本文是一篇记叙文,主要人物是Geoff Banks和Celesta Byrne,主要故事是二人八十多年的友谊,主要内容是关于他们如何开始和维持这段友谊的。所以,文章主要讲述了两位百岁老人彼此写信保持终生友谊的故事。故选C。
技巧点拨
　　选择记叙文的主旨、标题或者写作目的时,要考虑故事的时间、地点、人物和事件,然后合理地组织它们就可以了。
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社会交往中的“从众行为”的定义、原因及盲目从众所带来的后果,最后建议读者要质疑别人的观点。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“In this case, following the example of others could have led to a suboptimal (次佳的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant.”可知,从众行为可能导致在拥挤的餐馆里选择次优的晚餐,故作者想要通过餐馆的例子告诉我们从众行为的不良后果。故选A。
6.D　段落大意题。第四段为总—分结构,首句“Herding can appear to make a lot of sense.(从众似乎有很多意义)”为段落主题句,接着下文从三个方面说明了从众行为的好处,故本段是说从众行为的好处,故选D。
7.D　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“suggest”可以在最后一段找到同义词“advisable”,根据其所在句“Instead, it is advisable to...following them.(相反,建议让个人对同伴的观点采取更批判的态度,质疑他人的行为,而不是盲目地追随他们)”可知,作者在最后一段建议读者对他人的观点持批判态度,不盲从别人,即要有自己的判断。故选D。
8.B　主旨大意题。
Paras. 1-3 什么是从众行为
Para. 4 从众行为的原因
Para. 5 从众行为的后果
Para. 6 避免从众行为的具体建议
根据各段主旨及第一段的最后一句“But is this true ”与最后一段的最后一句“Instead, it is advisable...questioning others' behaviors as opposed to blindly following them.”可知,文章主要介绍了“从众行为”及其背后的原因,并说明这种行为的有害影响,最后建议读者对别人的观点持批判态度,不要盲从别人。B项“你为什么不应该盲目地随大流 ”为最佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了David Goodfellow、Benny Crane、James Hunter和Callum Teach四人为社会提供公益服务的故事。他们自称为“善良进攻”,通过电话的方式获取捐赠物资,然后再随机分配给陌生人。
1.B　根据空前句可知,他们筹集到了价值25万英镑的玩具和食物。根据第一段最后一句中的“random acts of kindness”可知,他们做的是善良的事情。所以,他们所募集的物品应是分发给他人。lead领导;distribute分发;attach系上,附上;apply申请。故选B。
2.A　根据上一题和后文“random acts of kindness”可知,他们要把募集的物品分发给他人,即实施随机的善举。carry out执行,实施;work out计算;make out辨认出;bring out生产。故选A。
3.C　根据前文“to every house across north London”可知,他们把物资分发给了伦敦北部的每一家。再根据第三段中的“At first, most people were deeply suspicious”可知,很多人开始是怀疑的,说明他们可能并不熟悉。所以,“陌生人”符合语境。child儿童;customer客户;stranger陌生人;friend朋友。故选C。
4.D　根据第一段中的“give them ￡250,000 worth of toys and food for nothing”可知,所捐献的物品都是免费获得的。根据后文“Our phone bills are enormous”可知,他们的电话费数额巨大,也就是打了很多电话。所以,他们一定是坚持打电话沟通,才能说服别人免费捐献物资。adapt适应;depart离开;concentrate集中;persist坚持。故选D。
5.C　根据后文“Our phone bills are enormous”可知,他们的电话费数额巨大,也就是打了很多电话。所以,此处指给无数制造商打电话。familiar熟悉的;overseas海外的;endless无穷无尽的;aimless无目标的。故选C。
6.B　根据本段第一句可知,只要坚持,他们最终能获得可以送人的东西。所以,虽然他们打了很多电话,但是最终能找到富有同情心的人。initially最初;ultimately最终;unfortunately不幸地;naturally自然地。故选B。
7.A　根据后文“At first...”可知,这里指他们开始工作的时候,所以“launched(开始从事)”符合句意,表示他们一年前开始这项工作。launch开始从事;conclude结束;advertise做广告;gather聚集。
8.D　根据前文“At first, most people were deeply suspicious”可知,起初,大多数人都深表怀疑。所以,人们认为他们不会兑现他们的承诺。look forward to期待;pay attention to注意;pass on to传递给;live up to遵守(诺言);不辜负(期望)。故选D。
9.B　结合前文及“But the group soon learned how to do it properly”可知,刚开始,许多人不相信他们,但是他们学会了如何恰当地做这件事。这里的“it”指的是人们不相信他们会兑现诺言,所以他们应是让人们相信他们会信守诺言,即让人们相信他们的好意。strategy战略;intention意图;method方法;routine常规。故选B。
10.D　结合语境及“Their first successful ‘kindness act’”可知,此处指的是他们做的第一件成功的好事,即帮男孩实现了观看足球比赛的梦想。found创办;affect影响;obtain获得;fulfill实现。故选D。
11.C　根据后面的“struggling just to live”“can't work”“don't find it easy even to buy food”可知,这些被他们帮助的人生活艰难,找不到工作,甚至连买食物都不容易。所以,这些是寻求庇护的人。status地位;power能力;shelter庇护;peace和平。故选C。
12.B　根据“but they can't work and they don't find it easy even to buy food”可知,前文内容与他们找不到工作和买食物不容易形成转折关系。所以这里可以理解为他们渴望为社会做贡献,但是却找不到工作,甚至连买食物都不容易。reluctantly不情愿地;eagerly急切地;patiently耐心地;passively被动地。故选B。
13.A　根据后半句“but they would like to see more people performing kind deeds for one another”可知,前后是转折关系,后文是“他们希望看到更多的人为彼此做好事”,结合选项可知,此处表示他们避免媒体曝光,但也希望通过媒体使其他人效仿,从而看到更多人做好事。avoid避免;double加倍;encourage鼓励;oppose反对。故选A。
14.C　根据后文“you'll get a lot out of it and others will follow”可知,其他人会效仿,所以做好事是有影响力的。complex复杂的;reasonable合理的;influential有影响力的;accurate精确的。故选C。
15.D　由选项可知,此处为状语从句。结合本句语境可知,此处表示“如果你做好事,你会从中得到很多,其他人也会跟着做”。though虽然;unless除非;until直到;if如果。故选D。
Ⅲ.书面表达
写作指导
One possible version:
Contributions Wanted
　　With the intention of promoting inspiring stories about those willing to help others, contributions are being collected for the column, A Helping Hand.【征文目的】
　　As required, articles ought to be essays, poems or stories, of which the contents, concerning a schoolmate with the readiness to help others, will gain more favor. Besides, it's the contributions with a true story limited to 500 words that are admitted. You can send your article to ahelpinghand@ before September 10.【稿件要求及相关事项】
Looking forward to your wonderful articles.【发出号召】
Editorial Office of School Newspaper
August, 25th
佳作亮点
1.重点词汇
①with the intention of为了……
②as required按照要求
③concerning prep.关于
④readiness n.愿意;乐意
⑤gain more favor得到更多的青睐
2.精彩句式
①As required,articles ought to be essays, poems or stories,of which the contents,concerning a schoolmate with the readiness to help others, will gain more favor.(“of which”引导非限制性定语从句;“concerning...help others”为介词短语作后置定语)根据要求,文章应该是散文、诗歌或故事,关于乐于助人的同学的内容将得到更多的青睐。
②Besides, it's the contributions with a true story limited to 500 words that are admitted. (强调句型)此外,只有500字以内的真实故事的稿件才被接收。