第5单元 历史、社会与文化 限时训练2【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）

第5单元　历史、社会与文化
限时训练2
限时30分钟
Ⅰ　阅读理解
A
　　I settled into my seat on a plane to Cuba feeling frustrated. When I planned the trip, I had assumed that my Cuban partner and I would go to the field directly to collect water samples from rivers. That's how I'd done fieldwork in Namibia and Bolivia. But not in Cuba, it seemed. Five days earlier, a Cuban scientist had emailed to inform me that we would only be meeting to talk about our planned project. Sampling would happen during a later trip.
At the airport, one of my partners greeted me. We drove to the research center where he worked, and then toured every lab in the building. I met scientists, technicians, students and even the cook. I was impressed that I was introduced to each person. The lack of hierarchy(等级制度)was unlike anything I had experienced before in academia(学术界).
The next day, we met again to brainstorm. Together, we looked at maps to plan how we were going to collect samples. Had it not been for the Cubans, I would have been unaware that the map I had left out some new reservoirs(水库). Local involvement and knowledge were key—making me wonder what I'd missed working without such a team in other places.
Six months later, I flew back to Cuba and this time, we headed to the field. I was impressed again by the fact that my Cuban partners went to great lengths to ensure that all team members were treated equally. We drove around Cuba in bright yellow minibuses, and each minibus had a mix of members at all seniority levels. In the field, all members sweated together.
On the last night of the trip, we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table. When a restaurant couldn't accommodate the team without separating us, my partners insisted that we move on and find a place with a large enough table.
In 26 years as a professor, I have never been a fan of academia's hierarchy. I want everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team. But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely. They make it clear that all team members are valued, that everyone is equal, and that true teamwork makes for better science.
1.Why did the author feel frustrated in Paragraph 1
A.He was asked to host a meeting in Cuba.
B.He was told to change his planned project.
C.He couldn't do his work in his usual way in Cuba.
D.He spent a long time waiting for his plane to Cuba.
2.What was wrong with the author's map
A.It was torn up.　　　　B.It was outdated.
C.It was too old to read.　　　　D.It was about another water area.
3.What can prove that the Cuban team didn't have hierarchy
A.They drove minibuses to the field.　　　　B.They were friendly to the author.
C.They worked in different groups.　　　　D.They had dinner at one table.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A.A fruitful trip in Cuba　　　　B.Impressed by a Cuban team
C.Respect seniors in the team　　　　D.You'll never know until you try
B
　　Pottery (制陶) may be the oldest artwork of human beings. As far back to more than 8,000 years ago, people began mixing clay (黏土) and water, then baking it until it held its shape. People attached the word “pottery” to their discovery. For a more convenient and better life, ancient people used it to create various containers and tools to cook, to store things, and to hold cuisine or water as dishes.
As time passed, the technique became mature. Different kinds of pottery appeared in different times and regions. Yangshao Culture, 5,000-7,000 years ago to today, developed a technique for painted ceramic wares (陶器). Qujialing Culture and Longshan Culture, about 4,000-5,000 years ago, were known for their black ceramic wares. During the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th century BC), bronze containers grew into somewhat of a status symbol; common people, though, still used traditional clay ceramic wares. From the Warring States Period through the Han Dynasty, the art and culture of pottery boomed. Terracotta Warriors(兵马俑), discovered in Xi'an, are the finest representatives of artworks of that time.
A representative example of pottery is the tricolor glazed (上釉的) pottery of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), known as Tangsancai in Chinese. The pottery appeared to be light yellow, reddish brown, or light green but the most popular were yellow, brown and green. The sculpture of figures, animals or daily appliances was amazingly combined with the characteristics of Tang art—graceful and lively. Preferred by many foreigners, such pottery had been transported worldwide.
Another choice pottery that won great reputation for hundreds of years is purple clay pottery. It is well-known for its mild color, concentrated structure, high intensity and fine particles (微粒). As early as the Song Dynasty (960-1279), people found purple clay teapots to look much more graceful than those of other materials. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, tea developed as a simple and tasteful art. Modern people still take delight in this classic fashion artwork.
5.Why was pottery originally used
A.To add more to farm tools.　　　　B.To keep private property.
C.To hold food and water.　　　　D.To enhance the quality of life.
6.When could pottery be used to identify one's social status
A.Around 6,000 years ago.　　　　B.From the Warring States Period.
C.During the Shang Dynasty.　　　　D.Throughout the Han Dynasty.
7.What can be known about Tangsancai from Paragraph 3
A.It combined pottery with typical Tang art.　　　　B.It represented common people's daily life.
C.It adopted the most popular three colors.　　　　D.It was well-received by all foreigners.
8.What's the main purpose of writing the passage
A.To introduce pottery-related information.　　　　B.To display fine examples of ancient pottery.
C.To explain why pottery was created.　　　　D.To explore the colors applied to pottery.
Ⅱ　七选五
　　The rise of social media has revolutionized human connectivity, but its overuse can make people feel increasingly unhappy and isolated. 1.　　
One significant problem with frequent social media use is comparing ourselves to others. Many individuals experience “Facebook envy”. 2.　　　 Gradually, it may result in self-doubt. To boost self-confidence, it is essential to reduce time spent on others' profiles, and focus on self-reflection.
Social media can also make it hard to form real friendships. Constant online interaction may make us feel lonely and left out when we see others having fun online. Stina Sanders, a former model, explained, “When I see my friend's photos of a party I didn't go to, it can make me feel quite lonely and anxious.” 3.　　
Quality sleep is essential for mental health, but excessive phone use before bedtime can severely disturb it. The anxiety and envy induced by social media content can keep our brains alert, making it challenging to fall asleep. 4.　　　 Avoiding the phone for at least 40 minutes to an hour before bed can improve sleep.
“5.　　　 However, it can also change the way we recall our life. If we direct all of our attention trying to take the perfect photo, less will be available to enjoy other aspects of the experience in real time,” said Dr. Bono. To decrease these effects, practicing self-discipline and limiting phone use can help us to stay focused and clear-minded.
If you feel like social media is beginning to affect you, why not consider allocating less social media time The slight change can do you a lot of good.
A.Regular use of Facebook can keep good relationships.
B.Social media offers a convenient way to record memories.
C.This can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction with themselves.
D.Plus, the blue light that is given off by screens affects our sleep.
E.Therefore, it's important to develop genuine offline relationships.
F.Social media can lead to serious physical and mental health issues.
G.The reliance on it can negatively impact people's mental health in the long run.
Ⅲ　完形填空
　　“When I first started learning calligraphy, I just copied the teacher's strokes(笔画), and my work was ugly,” said Aryan from Afghanistan. He is currently a graduate student in Beijing, 　1　 in International Education of Chinese Language.
During his six-year stay in China, he discovered the　2　 of Chinese culture. He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming a(n) 　3　 language, and more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese.
To his surprise, the curriculum for foreign students in China　4　 the classroom. The school organizes extracurricular 　5　 to help them experience 　6　 and culture. After closer and deeper 　7　 with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy.
“Initially, I didn't know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult,” Aryan said. “Later on, I found out that calligraphy could help me　8　 my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture.”
He used to　9　 the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly. But he later found out that this view is 　10　. Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and Chinese people's 　11　 toward life. The horizontal, vertical (垂直的), left and right falling strokes 　12　 Chinese people's unique symbols and memories. They are also the hidden 　13　 to better understanding Chinese culture.
Not only did Aryan gain a deeper　14　 of Chinese characters, but also he developed a more mature personality along the way. Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels 　15　 and lost, finding his inner peace.
1.A.majoring　　　　B.settling　　　　C.bringing　　　　D.resulting
2.A.problem　　　　B.pattern　　　　C.richness　　　　D.resource
3.A.native　　　　B.official　　　　C.international　　　　D.formal
4.A.goes against　　　　B.takes up　　　　C.takes over　　　　D.goes beyond
5.A.conferences　　　　B.activities　　　　C.subjects　　　　D.competitions
6.A.economy　　　　B.life　　　　C.work　　　　D.pleasure
7.A.cooperation　　　　B.content　　　　C.combination　　　　D.contact
8.A.improve　　　　B.recognize　　　　C.adjust　　　　D.find
9.A.hold　　　　B.oppose　　　　C.break　　　　D.suspect
10.A.positive　　　　B.contradictory　　　　C.wrong　　　　D.objective
11.A.direction　　　　B.step　　　　C.attitude　　　　D.effort
12.A.supply　　　　B.represent　　　　C.sense　　　　D.recall
13.A.conservation　　　　B.admission　　　　C.reaction　　　　D.key
14.A.function　　　　B.ability　　　　C.form　　　　D.knowledge
15.A.stressed　　　　B.inspired　　　　C.determined　　　　D.interrupted
答案全解全析
限时训练2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者去古巴与一个古巴团队一起工作的两次经历让他印象深刻。
1.C　细节理解题。根据题干中的“frustrated”可定位到第一段,第一段中“frustrated”后边的内容是对它的解释。根据第一段中的“When I planned the trip, I had assumed that my Cuban partner and I would go to the field directly to collect water samples...But not in Cuba, it seemed.(当我计划这次旅行时,我以为我和我的古巴伙伴会直接去实地采集河流中的水样。那就是我在纳米比亚和玻利维亚进行实地调查的方式。但在古巴似乎不是这样。)”及第一段最后两句介绍的他在古巴具体的工作方式可知,作者没法按他以往的方式在古巴进行工作,这让他很沮丧。故选C。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the map I had left out some new reservoirs”尤其是其中的new可知,作者的地图过时了。
3.D　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“I was impressed again by the fact that my Cuban partners went to great lengths to ensure that all team members were treated equally.”及第五段中的“On the last night of the trip, we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table.”可知,古巴团队中的每个成员都被平等对待,没有等级制度,一起在一张桌子上进餐体现了他们的平等。故选D。
4.B　主旨大意题。本文是按照时间顺序进行叙述的,其结构为:
Para. 1 作者有点沮丧,因为在古巴的工作方式与他以往的不同。
Para. 2-Para. 5 通过和古巴团队的合作,作者发现古巴团队没有等级制度,追求平等。
Para. 6 作者的感悟
从文章的结构及段落主旨来看,本文主要讲述了作者在古巴工作的经历,古巴团队与其他国家完全不同的工作方式让作者感触很多,因此B项(古巴团队给我留下深刻的印象)适合作为本文标题。A.古巴之旅收获颇丰;C.尊重团队中的老人;D.除非你尝试,否则你永远不会知道。
解题时要注意文章中的关键词team和teamwork。
易错分析
　　本题易错选A项。A项的关键词是fruitful trip,强调的是旅行和作者从旅行中得到的收获,而文章强调的是古巴团队的工作方式给作者的感受,二者的侧重点不同,故不选A项。
难句分析
原句1　I was impressed again by the fact that my Cuban partners went to great lengths to ensure that all team members were treated equally.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。第一个that引导同位语从句,解释说明fact的内容;第二个that引导ensure后的宾语从句。
译文　我再次对这一事实印象深刻,我的古巴合作伙伴不遗余力地确保所有团队成员得到平等对待。
原句2　They make it clear that all team members are valued, that everyone is equal, and that true teamwork makes for better science.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。and连接三个that引导的宾语从句,it作形式宾语,代替三个宾语从句。
译文　他们明确表示,所有团队成员都很重要,每个人都是平等的,真正的团队合作有助于更好的科学(研究)。
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国瓷器的发展历史。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“For a more convenient and better life, ancient people used it to create various containers and tools to cook, to store things, and to hold cuisine or water as dishes.”可知,为了更方便、更好的生活,古人用陶器来创造各种各样的容器和工具来烹饪、储存东西以及盛菜或盛水。因此,陶器以前是用来提升生活质量的。故选D。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“During the Shang Dynasty...bronze containers grew into somewhat of a status symbol; common people, though, still used traditional clay ceramic wares.”可知在商朝,青铜容器在某种程度上成为一种地位的象征;然而,普通百姓仍然使用传统的黏土陶瓷制品。由此可知,在商朝陶器可以用来识别人的社会地位。故选C。
7.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The sculpture of figures, animals or daily appliances was amazingly combined with the characteristics of Tang art—graceful and lively.”可知,人物、动物、日用器具的雕刻与唐代艺术的特点相结合,雍容华贵、生动活泼。由此可知,唐三彩把陶器与唐代艺术结合起来了。故选A。
8.A　主旨大意题。文章的结构如下:
Para. 1 陶器的起源
Para. 2 陶器的发展
Para. 3-Para. 4 陶器的典型代表
由此可知,文章主要介绍了中国制陶技术的起源、发展、典型代表等信息。故选A(为了介绍制陶技术的相关信息)。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。过度依赖社交媒体会对人们的心理健康产生负面影响,文章对此进行了介绍。
①通读文章,把握文章大意和文章结构
②通读选项,了解各选项的中心,画出关键词
A.Regular use of Facebook can keep good relationships.(社交媒体的好处:保持良好的关系)
B.Social media offers a convenient way to record memories. (社交媒体的好处:方便记录回忆)
C.This can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction with themselves. (“This”导致对自己不满意)
D.Plus, the blue light that is given off by screens affects our sleep. (屏幕蓝光影响睡眠)
E.Therefore, it's important to develop genuine offline relationships. (建立真正的线下友谊很重要)
F. Social media can lead to serious physical and mental health issues. (社交媒体会导致严重的身心健康问题)
G.The reliance on it can negatively impact people's mental health in the long run. (对it的依赖会对心理健康产生消极影响)
③把选项一一代入文章空处,寻找每个题最适合的选项
1.G　主旨句。根据空前可知社交媒体的兴起彻底改变了人与人之间的联系,但过度使用会让人们感到越来越不快乐和被孤立。再根据第二、三、四、五段可知过度使用社交媒体会导致与人攀比、无法建立真正的友谊、睡眠质量降低等负面影响。由此可知,整篇文章主要介绍的是过度依赖社交媒体对心理健康的不利影响。结合选项的中心点可知,选项G提到的对心理健康产生消极影响与此内容一致,G项中的it指的是上文提到的social media,则G项就是说对社交媒体的依赖会对心理健康产生消极影响,能够概括文章主旨,引出下文介绍的具体的负面影响,切合文意,且G项中的关键词“mental health”与上文中的“unhappy and isolated”对应,故选G。
2.C　细节句。根据空前可知,频繁使用社交媒体的一个重要问题是将自己与他人进行比较,许多人都有“Facebook嫉妒症”。再根据空后“渐渐地,它可能会导致自我怀疑。”并结合选项的中心点可知,选项C提到的“导致对自己不满意”与上下文所述内容一致,切合文意,且C项中的关键词“dissatisfaction with themselves”与上文中的envy和下文中的self-doubt相呼应,C项中的“This”指的是上文提到的“Facebook envy”。故选C。
3.E　细节句。根据空前内容(社交媒体也会让真正的友谊难以形成。当我们在网上看到别人玩得开心时,持续的在线互动可能会让我们感到孤独和被遗忘)并结合选项的中心点可知,选项E“建立真正的线下友谊很重要”承接上文,和上文是因果关系,切合文意,且E项中的关键词“genuine offline relationships”与上文中的“real friendships”相呼应。故选E。
4.D　细节句。根据空前内容(高质量的睡眠对心理健康至关重要,但睡前过度使用手机会严重影响睡眠。社交媒体内容引发的焦虑和嫉妒会让我们的大脑保持警觉,难以入睡)并结合选项的中心点可知,选项D“另外,屏幕发出的蓝光影响我们的睡眠”与上文内容一致,都与睡眠相关,是对前句的进一步叙述,也是在说社交媒体对睡眠的影响,切合文意,且D项中的关键词“affects our sleep”与上文中的“Quality sleep”“making it challenging to fall asleep”对应。故选D。
5.B　细节句。根据空后内容(然而,它也可以改变我们回忆生活的方式)并结合选项的中心点可知,选项B“社交媒体提供一种便利的方式来记录回忆”与空后内容一致,都与回忆相关,切合文意,且B项中的“record memories”与空后的“recall our life”相呼应。故选B。
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名来自阿富汗的在北京上学的研究生Aryan学习中国书法的经历以及他在学习书法过程中得到的一些关于汉字和中国文化的感悟。
1.A　句意:他目前在北京读研究生,主修汉语国际教育。根据空前的“a graduate student”和空后的“in International Education of Chinese Language”可推断此处是在说该学生主修什么专业。major in主修;settle in适应,安顿下来;bring in引进;result in导致。故选A。
2.C　句意:在中国待的六年里,他发现了中国文化的丰富多彩。根据空后的“He also realized”以及“more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese”可推断此处说的是中国文化好的方面。problem问题;pattern模式;richness丰富;resource资源。结合选项可知C项最符合语境,故选C。
3.C　根据后文的“more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese”可知,世界上越来越多的人希望用汉语进行顺畅的交流,说明汉语正在稳步成为一门国际语言。native本土的;official官方的;international国际的;formal正式的。故选C。
4.D　后文的“The school organizes extracurricular 　5　 to help them experience 　6　 and culture.”提到学校组织课外的……,说明课程不仅仅局限于课堂,还超越了课堂。go against违背;take up开始从事;take over接管;go beyond超越。故选D。
5.B　根据上文“The school organizes extracurricular”和下文“to help them experience 　6　 and culture”可知,此处指学校组织课外活动。conference会议;activity活动;subject科目,主题;competition比赛,竞赛。故选B。
6.B　根据后文“and culture”以及上文提到的组织课外活动并结合选项可知此处表示体验生活(life)和文化。economy 经济;work工作;pleasure快乐。故选B。
7.D　根据后文“with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy”及语境可知,经过更深入接触中国文化,Aryan发现了自己的爱好:书法。cooperation合作;content内容;combination结合;contact接触,联系。故选D。
8.A　此处是说,后来,Aryan发现书法可以帮助他提高他的汉语水平,加强他对中国文化的了解。根据空前的“could help me”和空后的“my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture”并结合语境和选项可知此处指书法对“我”的正向影响,A项(改善,提高)符合语境。故选A。recognize识别;adjust调整;find找到。
9.A　句意:他曾经认为汉字只要写得整齐就行。idea后是that引导的同位语从句,指的是idea的内容。根据下文的“But he later found out that this view is”和“Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and Chinese people's 　11　 toward life.”尤其是其中的But可知,idea的内容是他的观点,他后来发现他这个观点与事实不符。由此可知此处指他曾持有这样的观点,hold the idea that...表示“认为……”。故选A。oppose反对;break违反,打破;suspect怀疑。
10.C　上文提到他曾经认为汉字只要写得整齐就行,下文则说书法可以帮助他了解每一个笔画和中国人的生活态度,由此可知他之前的观点是错误的。positive积极的;contradictory相互矛盾的;wrong错误的;objective 客观的。 故选C。
11.C　句意:书法帮助他了解每一个笔画和中国人的生活态度。direction方向;step步骤;attitude态度;effort努力。结合语境和选项可知C项(态度)最符合此处语境,attitude toward表示“对……的态度”。故选C。
12.B　句意:横、竖、撇、捺的笔画代表了中国人独特的符号和记忆。supply供应;represent代表;sense感觉到;recall回想起。结合语境和选项可知B项(代表)最符合此处语境。故选B。
13.D　句意:它们也是更好地理解中国文化的隐藏要诀。conservation保护;admission承认,准许进入,入场费;reaction反应;key关键,要诀,钥匙。the key to表示“……的要诀/钥匙”。故选D。
14.D　根据后文“of Chinese characters”以及上文提到他对书法的感悟可知,此处指他对汉字有了更深入的了解。function功能,作用;ability能力;form形式;knowledge了解。故选D。
15.A　根据前文“Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels”和后文“and lost”可知,此处指和lost(失落的)性质、感彩类似的词。stressed焦虑的;inspired受鼓舞的;determined坚定的;interrupted中断的。A项最符合语境,指感到焦虑和失落,故选A。