第6单元 科学与技术
限时训练1 非谓语动词
限时55分钟
考点 巩固练
考点1 谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
1.For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.(2023全国甲)
2.He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.(2022全国甲)
3.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.(2022全国甲)
4.After completing her vault(跳马), Chusovitina blew a kiss to the audience, (form) a “heart” gesture with her hands.
5.There are various interesting rides in the Dollywood park, the most remarkable (be) the world-famous Thunderhead.
考点2 非谓语动词作定语和状语
6.As we can see, this (sew) machine is driven by an electric motor.
7.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, (allow) more patients to be treated.
8.Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.(2023新课标Ⅰ)
9.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.(2023新课标Ⅱ)
10.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone.(2023全国甲)
11.A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.(2022全国甲)
12.In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.(2023浙江1月)
13. (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.(2022新高考Ⅰ)
14.Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up (see) them.(2022新高考Ⅱ)
15.There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.(2021北京)
16. (study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
17.Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, only (find) the neighbors and the house that I used to be familiar with were gone.
18.The Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms(节气), which were created thousands of years ago (guide) agricultural production and people's lives.
考点3 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补语
19.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered.(2023全国乙)
20.That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans (continue) the practice.(2022浙江1月)
21.It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.(2021全国甲)
22.After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!(2021全国甲)
23.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.(2021全国乙)
24.They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.(2020全国Ⅱ)
25.They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.(2020全国Ⅱ)
26.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.(2020全国Ⅲ)
27.I still remember (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years.
28.The boy leading the way, we had no trouble (get) out of the forest.
29.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs (take).
30. (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
31.The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed (take) out of the reading room”.
32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.
33.We paced around to avoid (get) frostbite(冻伤) as the temperature stayed close to -30℃ and our drill batteries became too cold to work.
34.The aim of this initiative is (encourage) cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the connections between China and the rest of the world.
35.After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
考点4 独立主格结构和独立成分
36.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest (follow) in a year.
37.My palms (sweat), an inner voice told me that I had to calm down.
38. (judge) from the happy shouts outside tonight, I'm sure they have won the game.
39.Each (locate) in a remote Chinese town, the following three striking hotels are far from the hustle of the city.
综合 强化练
单句语法填空
1.No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left (want) more next time.(2023新课标Ⅰ)
2.Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.(2023新课标Ⅰ)
3. (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.(2023全国乙)
4.“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.(2023全国甲)
5.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.(2022新高考Ⅰ)
6. (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.(2022全国乙)
7.As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or (walk) through a rainforest.(2020新高考Ⅰ)
8.These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders (begin) computer classes.(2020新高考Ⅱ)
9. (equip) with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to China's young generation.
10.I didn't mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help (try) it.
11.The moon rose elegantly from the valley, the whole mountain (bathe) itself in mysterious moonlight.
12.On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take (get) there.
13.Visitors to Shanghai Disneyland were the first people (meet) LinaBell as she made her global debut from the Chinese city.
14.Lin said a friend got him (involve) in dragon boat racing over a decade ago. In 2018, they decided to host their own festival.
15.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.
16.Kowkui's exceptionally large leaves often lead to its (mistake) for “vegetable” by first-time viewers, but this “king” of green tea in Fang's eyes beats other varieties at more than just size.
17.By collaborating creatively with different brands, the candies have become even more popular globally in recent years, with reports (claim) the brand exports its candies to more than 40 countries around the world.
18.All venues were covered with 5G systems, new energy charging piles and intelligent management systems, and the tournament was broadcast in 4K ultra high definition, (create) a new immersive viewing experience for viewers.
素养 提升练
语法填空
A
Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder 1. (call) spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which affects the muscles used for moving the body. At the age of one, he became 2. (complete) paralyzed(瘫痪) from the chest down, making it difficult for him to breathe, feed himself, or move around without assistance. Despite these 3. (challenge), Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4. he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.
By now, Benjamin 5. (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities, using his experiences to raise 6. (aware) about the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities. He has also worked on 7. (develop) assistive technologies, such as a voice-controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility.
In addition 8. his work in technology, Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights, using his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with a disability. Through his writing and speaking engagements, he hopes to encourage others 9. (accept) their differences and work towards creating 10. more inclusive society for all.
B
Cruise, an autonomous-vehicle company, is suspending all its driverless operations across the US. The decision is based on an accident in which a Cruise robotaxi 11. (drag) a pedestrian(行人) 20 feet and over.
On Oct 2, the car hit a woman and she 12. (throw) into the neighboring lane of the Cruise driverless car. After coming to 13. stop, the Cruise car attempted to pull over while the woman was underneath the vehicle. The news spread quickly and 14. (panic) the public. “When the Cruise car is 15. (unreasonable) risky to public safety, the DMV (the California Department of Motor Vehicles) can immediately suspend permits,” the agency said in a news release. It added that the suspension was partly based on a state 16. (regulate).
“17. (confront) with the present situation, we should take steps right now to rebuild public trust. Part of this involves 18. (take) a hard look at how we do work at Cruise,” the company said. Rather than deciding 19. is at fault when an accident happens, it is how to avoid potential risks that matters.
While the journey of driverless cars is not without obstacles, the eventual destination is bound 20. (be) another milestone for humankind's amazing vision and inventiveness.
答案全解全析
第6单元 科学与技术
限时训练1 非谓语动词
考点巩固练
考点1谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
1.to teach 考查动词不定式。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲述寓言故事来传授经验或传承智慧。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词have told,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;根据语境可知,这里表示目的,故应使用动词不定式。也可以根据并列连词or与其后面的“to pass on”来确定使用动词不定式。故填to teach。
技巧点拨
确定谓语动词和非谓语动词的方法:分析句子结构,句子中有主语,但是缺少谓语,判断题目考查谓语动词;句子中有谓语,且句中没有并列连词或从属连词等,确定题目考查非谓语动词。然后再根据语境和相应的技巧确定谓语动词或非谓语动词的具体形式。
2.planning 考查动词-ing形式。句意:9月20日,他从4,700千米外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词flew,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词plan与逻辑主语He之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填planning。
技巧点拨
非谓语动词解题步骤:第一步,分析句子成分,看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词;第二步,确定了是非谓语动词,还要判断非谓语动词所作的成分,以此确定用哪种非谓语动词;第三步,分析提示动词与逻辑主语(或被修饰词)之间的关系,是主动关系还是被动关系,以此确定非谓语动词的具体形式。
3.held 考查动词-ed形式。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词hold与被修饰词Forum之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填held。
4.forming 考查动词-ing形式。句意:完成跳马后,Chusovitina向观众飞吻,双手做出“心形”手势。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词blew,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词form与其逻辑主语Chusovitina之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填forming。
5.being 考查独立主格结构。句意:多莱坞公园里有各种有趣的乘骑设施,其中最引人注目的是举世闻名的“雷暴云砧”。分析句子可知,逗号前是一个完整的句子,逗号后无连词且有一个独立的主语the most remarkable (ride),所以判断此处为独立主格结构;提示词be与其逻辑主语the most remarkable (ride)之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填being。
易错分析
本题难度较大,学生容易错填is,认为the most remarkable是主语,其后是谓语。通过句式分析可知,逗号前是一个完整的句子,后面没有连词,所以设空处不是谓语。
考点2非谓语动词作定语和状语
6.sewing 考查动词-ing形式。句意:正如我们所见,这台缝纫机是靠电动机驱动的。分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰其后的名词machine,表示被修饰词的功能、用途等,应用动词-ing形式作定语,sewing machine缝纫机。故填sewing。
7.allowing 考查动词-ing形式。句意:近期这家医院购进了新的医疗设备,能够治疗更多的病人。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;根据语境可知,“能够治疗更多的病人”是前面“购进了新的医疗设备”的自然结果,所以应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填allowing。
归纳总结
1.动词-ing形式作结果状语一般表示直接的、自然而然的结果。如:
It rained heavily, causing great damage.大雨滂沱,造成了很大损害。
2.动词不定式作结果状语时通常表示意料之外的结果,不定式前还可以加上only,以加强语气。如:
They reached the company out of breath only to be told they were fired.他们上气不接下气地赶到公司,却被告知他们被开除了。
8.recognized 考查动词-ed形式。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但是食物历史学家会向你指出邻近的运河古镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。设空处位于定冠词the后、名词home前,因此应该使用非谓语动词作定语;提示词recognize与被修饰词home之间是被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填recognized。
归纳总结
1.单个动词-ed形式作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面;动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词后面。
2.动词-ed形式作定语时,与被修饰的名词之间通常是被动关系,表示被动和完成。
3.也有一些动词-ed形式作定语只表示完成,不表示被动,如:a fallen tree/leaf倒下的树/落叶;the risen sun/moon升起的太阳/月亮;a faded rose凋谢的玫瑰花;a retired worker退休工人;an escaped prisoner逃犯;a returned student归国留学生。
9.visiting 考查动词-ing形式。句意:他们要与蜂拥而至的国际游客和经常前来查看这些熊猫的中国饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国租借来的。分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰其后的名词短语Chinese zookeepers,两者之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填visiting。
归纳总结
1.单个动词-ing形式作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面;动词-ing形式短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词后面。
2.动词-ing形式作定语时,与被修饰的名词之间通常是主动关系,表示主动和进行。
10.intended 考查动词-ed形式。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是向每个人传达的严肃信息。分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰名词message,根据短语be intended for“为……打算(或设计)的”可知,设空处应用动词-ed形式。故填intended。
11.to journey 考查动词不定式。句意:近日,一名来自北京的失明男子徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”路线徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子并结合语境可知,提示词journey在这里为动词,表示“旅行”;设空处修饰前面的名词step,而step被序数词first修饰,所以应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。
归纳总结
1.动词不定式作定语时通常放在被修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。动词不定式与被修饰词之间往往是动宾关系;若该不定式是不及物的,其后应加上相应的介词。如:
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she couldn't find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意,但是她找不到(把它)写下来的纸。
2.在序数词、形容词的最高级、the last、the only等后面或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后面,常用动词不定式作定语。如:
The first woman to cross the English Channel was Gertrude Ederle in 1926.1926年,格特鲁德·埃德尔成为第一位横渡英吉利海峡的女性。
3.当被修饰词是某些抽象名词时,常用动词不定式作定语。常见的这类抽象名词有:ability、chance、idea、wish、excuse、promise、attempt、way 等。如:
He has blind faith in doctors' ability to find a cure.他盲目相信医生有妙手回春的能力。
12.surrounded 考查动词-ed形式。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内城和外城构成的同心圆包围。分析句子可知,句中已有系动词was,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词surround和被修饰词the Forbidden City之间是被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填surrounded。
13.Covering 考查动词-ing形式。句意:大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知,句中已有系动词be,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词cover和句子主语the GPNP之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填Covering。
14.to see 考查动词不定式。句意:过了一会儿,埃里克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词pushed和climbed,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;根据语境可知,此处表示目的,应该使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
15.caused 考查动词-ed形式。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去二十年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词cause与被修饰词a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填caused。
16.Having studied 考查动词-ing形式。句意:在研究火山多年之后,我仍然对它们的美丽以及它们造成巨大破坏的潜力感到惊讶。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词study与句子主语I之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且根据“for many years”可知这里强调“研究”的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前,应该使用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语。故填Having studied。
归纳总结
1.作状语的动词-ing形式的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。
2.若动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用动词-ing形式的完成式(having done)。
3.若动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前,且动词-ing形式与句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系,则用动词-ing形式的完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
17.to find 考查动词不定式。句意:去年暑假,我回到家乡,却发现我曾熟悉的邻居和房子已经不见了。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;根据语境和only可知,此处表示出乎意料的结果,应用动词不定式作结果状语。故填to find。
18.to guide 考查动词不定式。句意:中国农历将一年分为24个节气,这些节气是几千年前创造的,用来指导农业生产和人们的生活。分析句子可知,定语从句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;根据语境可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to guide。
考点3非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补语
19.recording 考查动词-ing形式。句意:作为一名摄影师,我已经花费过去的两年时间来记录我发现的一切。本句已有谓语动词have spent,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故填recording。
联想拓展
常见的接动词-ing形式作宾语的结构:be busy/occupied (in) doing忙于做;when it comes to doing当谈到做;spend time (in) doing花费时间做;have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做某事有困难;there is no point (in) doing做某事没有意义;have a good time(in) doing做某事很愉快。
20.to continue 考查动词不定式。句意:那种方法使Cobb去年的航空旅行减少了75%,她计划继续这种做法。动词plan后面跟动词不定式作宾语,plan to do sth.表示“计划做某事”。故填to continue。
联想拓展
常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree、plan、demand、promise、prepare、decide、refuse、choose、wish、hope、expect、fail (未能)、pretend、manage、determine、beg、arrange、threaten、claim、hesitate、wait、happen (碰巧)等。
21.to walk 考查动词不定式。句意:可以步行或骑自行车完成这全部14千米。分析句子可知,本句为“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句型,其中It为形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。故填 to walk。
技巧点拨
表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用动词不定式作主语;表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性、习惯性的动作时,多用动词-ing形式作主语。
22.spending 考查动词-ing形式。句意:在花了一些时间看了墙上的所有防御设施后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比在历史遗迹上骑行更好的呢!分析句子可知,设空处作介词After的宾语且提示词spend与句子主语we之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填spending。
23.to have 考查动词不定式。句意:那里的活动包括从观赏鲸到远足,并且食宿力求减少对自然环境的影响。分析句子可知,and连接两个并列分句,后一分句的谓语动词是aim,其后跟动词不定式作宾语,aim to do sth.意为“力求做某事”。故填to have。
ing 考查动词-ing形式。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的最好的祝愿。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语动词represent的宾语,应用所给词的动词-ing形式,the earth是其逻辑主语。故填coming。
25.decorated 考查动词-ed形式。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们被红包和好运的信息装饰着。根据空前的“see them many times”可知,设空处作宾语补足语,宾语them与提示词decorate之间是被动关系,所以应用动词-ed形式。故填decorated。
26.surrounding 考查动词-ing形式。句意:当他看到雾气从江上升起,柔软的云环绕山顶,他不禁流下了眼泪。根据空前的“saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds”可知,设空处作宾语补足语,提示词surround与宾语the soft clouds之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填surrounding。
27.visiting 考查动词-ing形式。句意:我还记得拜访了一位在这里住了五年的朋友。根据语境可知,此处指“我仍记得拜访过一个朋友”,remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”。故填visiting。
联想拓展
常见的接动词不定式与动词-ing形式作宾语时意思不同的动词(短语):
28.getting 考查动词-ing形式。句意:由那个男孩带路,我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。固定结构have trouble/difficulty (in) doing表示“做某事有困难”,所以应用动词-ing形式。故填getting。
29.taken 考查动词-ed形式。句意:我需要一本新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。根据空前的“have my photographs”可知设空处作宾语补足语;宾语my photographs与提示词take之间是被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填taken。
联想拓展
常见的可接动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作宾补的动词主要是感官动词和使役动词:see、watch、observe、notice、hear、listen to、feel、have、make、get、leave、keep等。
30.Learning 考查动词-ing形式。句意:学会批判性思考是当代孩子们未来所需的重要技能。分析句子可知,设空处作主语,表示抽象的、泛指的概念,应用动词-ing形式。故填Learning。
归纳总结
1.动词-ing形式作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念;
2.可用it作形式主语,把真正的主语,即动词-ing形式(短语)放在句末,常用固定句型:“It is a waste of time doing...”“It is no use/good doing...”“It is useless doing...”等。
31.to be taken 考查动词不定式。句意:图书馆墙上的牌子上写着:“杂志不允许带出阅览室。”allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”,其被动形式为“sb. be allowed to do sth.”;提示词take和主语magazine之间为被动关系,所以应用动词不定式的被动形式作主语补足语。故填to be taken。
归纳总结
动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式三种时态变化形式,见下表:
形 式 意义 主动 语态 被动 语态
一 般 式 表示的动作通常时间性不强,与谓语动词表示的动作没有明显的先后顺序 to write to be written
进 行 式 表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 to be writing
完 成 式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前 to have written to have been written
32.recognizing 考查动词-ing形式。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,有更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。此处为with的复合结构,设空处作宾语补足语,宾语more countries与提示词recognize之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填recognizing。
归纳总结
with的复合结构:
with+宾语+doing表示主动或进行;
with+宾语+done表示被动或完成;
with+宾语+to do表示将来的动作。
33.getting 考查动词-ing形式。句意:由于温度保持在-30℃附近并且我们的钻机电池变得太冷而无法工作,因此我们四处走动以避免冻伤。avoid后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语,avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。故填getting。
联想拓展
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)记忆口诀:考虑建议盼原谅(consider、suggest/advise、look forward to、excuse/pardon);承认推迟很想要(admit、delay/put off、fancy);避免错过继续练(avoid、miss、keep/keep on、practice);否认完成就欣赏(deny、finish、enjoy/appreciate);禁止想象才冒险(forbid、imagine、risk);不禁介意准逃亡(can't help、mind、allow/permit、escape)。
34.to encourage 考查动词不定式。句意:这项倡议的目的是鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易,同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。分析句子可知,设空处作表语,说明主语的具体内容,应用动词不定式。故填to encourage。
归纳总结
主语是以aim、ambition、duty、hope、idea、intention、plan、purpose、suggestion等名词为中心词的名词词组时,常用动词不定式作表语,表示主语的具体内容、目的等。
35.to visit 考查动词不定式。句意:清朝结束后,故宫博物院于1925年建立,使国内外游客能够参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。allow后面跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,allow sb. to do sth.意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填to visit。
联想拓展
常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask、beg、require、request、advise、allow、permit、cause、encourage、expect、force、invite、order、persuade、remind、teach、urge、hate、warn、help、prefer等。
技巧点拨
动词不定式在feel、hear、listen to、look at、see、watch、notice、let、make、have等动词后面作宾语补足语时要省略不定式符号to;但这些动词使用被动语态时,省略的to要还原。如:
The teacher is often listened to to sing English songs at home.这位老师经常被听到在家里唱英文歌。
考点4独立主格结构和独立成分
36.to follow 考查独立主格结构。句意:我今天给你100美元,其余的一年后再给你。分析句子可知,逗号后面为独立主格结构,提示词follow与其逻辑主语the rest之间是主动关系,且由in a year可知,设空处表示的动作还未发生,应用动词不定式。故填to follow。
归纳总结
1.独立主格结构的定义:非谓语动词作状语时,通常它的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致,但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,这种结构我们就称之为独立主格结构。
2.独立主格结构的特点:(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;(2)独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式之间是逻辑上的主动或被动关系;(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
3.独立主格结构的常见构成形式:(1)名词/代词+doing/done/to do;(2)with/without+名词/代词+doing/done/to do。
37.sweating 考查独立主格结构。句意:我手心冒汗,内心有个声音告诉我,我必须冷静下来。分析句子可知,逗号前面为独立主格结构,提示词sweat与其逻辑主语My palms之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填sweating。
38.Judging 考查独立成分。句意:从今晚外面的欢呼声来看,我肯定他们赢了比赛。judging from/by意为“根据……判断,由……推测”,用作独立成分,不用考虑逻辑关系的一致性。故填Judging。
归纳总结
有些分词或不定式短语作状语时,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。
联想拓展
常见的独立成分有:generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking;talking of...;speaking of...;judging from/by;taking everything into consideration;to be frank;to tell (you) the truth;to be honest;to make things worse等。
39.located 考查独立主格结构。句意:以下三家引人注目的酒店都位于中国偏远的城镇,远离城市的喧嚣。分析句子可知,逗号前面是独立主格结构,提示词locate与其逻辑主语Each之间是被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填located。
综合强化练
1.wanting 考查动词-ing形式。句意:可是无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼往往不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次买更多。leave sb. doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”,此处为其被动形式“sb. be left doing sth.”。故填wanting。
2.to be lifted 考查动词不定式。句意:撇开南翔不说,最好的小笼包有精致的表皮,可以让它们从蒸笼中被拿出来时不会破皮,也不会洒出里面的任何东西。根据allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,设空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语;宾语them指代前面的“xiao long bao”,提示词lift与宾语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以设空处应用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be lifted。
3.Having visited 考查动词-ing形式。句意:在过去的十年里,我已经参观了几次,我惊讶于新旧共存,以及一个城市如何能在不断发展的同时保存如此丰富的遗产。分析句子可知,设空处作状语;提示词visit与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系,且根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知,这里强调设空处表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生,应用动词-ing形式的完成式。故填Having visited。
易错分析
本题容易错填Visiting,原因是不了解动词-ing形式的完成式的意义。动词-ing形式的完成式(having done)主要用作状语,表示这个动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。
4.borrowing 考查动词-ing形式。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,从许多古老寓言中借用了一些熟悉的词。分析句子可知,设空处作状语;提示词borrow与其逻辑主语her fable之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填borrowing。
5.to increase 考查动词不定式。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致。分析句子可知,设空处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
难句分析
protection to a significant number of areas
of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
reduce inconsistencies in management.
6.To strengthen; inviting 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的许多公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。分析句子可知,第一空表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填To strengthen;第二空作状语,提示词invite与其逻辑主语the event之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式,故填inviting。
7.walking 考查动词-ing形式。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。分析句子可知,设空处与living并列,共同作imagine的宾语补足语,imagine sb. doing sth.意为“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
8.to begin 考查动词不定式。句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,或者二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。分析句子可知,本句为“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句型,其中It作形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式短语。故填to begin。
9.Being equipped 考查动词-ing形式。句意:具备全球视野和创新精神对于中国的年轻一代来说很重要。分析句子可知,设空处作主语,表示抽象的、泛指的概念,应用动词-ing形式;be equipped with意为“具备,具有”,是固定短语,作主语时be不能省略,需用being。故填Being equipped。
10.to eat; trying 考查非谓语动词。句意:我不打算吃任何东西,但这种冰激凌看起来如此好以至于我忍不住要试一试。根据语境可知,第一空表示“打算做”,应用动词不定式作宾语,故填to eat;第二空表示“禁不住做”,应用动词-ing形式,故填trying。
11.bathing 考查独立主格结构。句意:月亮从山谷里优雅地升起,整个高山沐浴在神秘的月光中。分析句子可知,逗号后面是独立主格结构,提示词bathe与其逻辑主语mountain之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填bathing。
12.to get 考查动词不定式。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁想知道还要多久才能到那里。It takes time to do sth.意为“花时间做某事”,是固定句型,其中It为形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to get。
13.to meet 考查动词不定式。句意:上海迪士尼乐园的游客是第一批见到玲娜贝儿的人,因为她是在这个中国城市进行的全球首次亮相。“the+序数词(+名词)+to do”是固定搭配,意为“第几个做……的……”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to meet。
14.involved 考查动词-ed形式。句意:林说,十多年前一个朋友让他参加了龙舟比赛。2018年,他们决定举办自己的节日。分析句子可知,设空处作宾语补足语,宾语him与提示词involve之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填involved。
15.to perform 考查动词不定式。句意:现代化的跟踪调查北极熊数量的方法自20世纪80年代中期以来才开始被采用。这些方法在一大片区域里持续使用起来费用很高。分析句子可知,此处为“sth.+be+adj.+to do”结构,其中动词不定式作状语,用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to perform。
归纳总结
在一些主系表结构“sth.+be+adj.”后面,常用动词不定式作方式状语。
16.being mistaken 考查动词-ing形式。句意:猴魁茶的叶子特别大,经常导致第一次看到的人误认为其是“蔬菜”,但在方看来,这种绿茶“王”胜过其他品种的不仅仅是大小。分析句子可知,设空处作lead to的宾语,its为其逻辑主语,应用动词-ing形式;且根据语境可知,这里指“被误认为”,表示被动,所以应用动词-ing形式的被动形式。故填being mistaken。
17.claiming 考查动词-ing形式。句意:通过与不同品牌的创造性合作,近年来这些糖果在全球范围内变得更受欢迎,报告称该品牌把它的糖果出口至世界上四十多个国家。分析句子可知,此处为with的复合结构,宾语reports与提示词claim之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填claiming。
18.creating 考查动词-ing形式。句意:所有场馆都配备了5G系统、新能源充电桩和智能管理系统,锦标赛以4K超高清晰度播送,为观众创造了一种新的沉浸式观看体验。分析句子可知,设空处作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用动词-ing形式。故填creating。
难句分析
with 5G systems, new energy charging piles and intelligent management systems, in 4K ultra high definition,
viewing experience for viewers.
素养提升练
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。出生时患有罕见病的励志少年Benjamin Lou克服各种挑战进入麻省理工学院,成为一名计算机科学家,他还热情倡导保障残疾人权利。
1.called 考查动词-ed形式。句意:Benjamin Lou是一名计算机科学家和倡导者,他出生时患有一种罕见的遗传疾病,名为脊髓性肌萎缩症,这种疾病会影响用于移动身体的肌肉。分析句子可知,设空处作定语,提示词call与被修饰词genetic disorder之间是被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填called。
难句分析
2.completely 考查副词。句意:一岁时,他胸部以下完全变瘫痪,这使他难以呼吸、进食或在没有帮助的情况下四处走动。设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词。故填completely。
3.challenges 考查名词复数。句意:尽管面临这些挑战,Benjamin还是克服了不利条件,进入了麻省理工学院,在那里他获得了计算机科学和人工智能学位。challenge是可数名词,由空前的these可知应用复数形式。故填challenges。
4.where 考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Massachusetts Institute of Technology,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导从句。
5.has become 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,Benjamin已经成为一个鼓舞残疾人的人物,他利用自己的经历提高了人们对接触技术的重要性的认识,并倡导制定政策,使数字工具更容易为残疾人所用。根据By now可知句子用现在完成时,主语表示单数意义,谓语应用单数。故填has become。
6.awareness 考查名词。句意同上题。设空处作及物动词raise的宾语,应用名词;aware的名词形式是awareness,为不可数名词。故填awareness。
联想拓展
-ness是一个常见的名词后缀,通常用于表示某种状态或性质。如sadness悲伤;happiness愉快;kindness仁慈,善良;darkness黑暗;loneliness孤独;weakness弱点。
7.developing 考查动词-ing形式。句意:他还致力于开发辅助技术,例如可以被行动不便的人使用的语音控制计算机界面。work on doing sth.表示“致力于做某事”,动词-ing形式作宾语。故填developing。
8.to 考查介词。句意:除了从事科技工作外,Benjamin还是残疾人权利的热情倡导者,利用他的平台挑战刻板印象,促进对残疾人生活的理解。in addition to意为“除了”,是固定短语。故填to。
9.to accept 考查动词不定式。句意:通过他的写作和演讲,他希望鼓励其他人接受他们的差异,并努力为所有人创造一个更加包容的社会。encourage sb. to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to accept。
10.a 考查冠词。句意同上题。society在此处用作可数名词,表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且more的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。Cruise公司的一辆自动驾驶汽车发生事故,伤及行人,公司决定在美国各地暂停其所有无人驾驶汽车的运营。
11.dragged 考查动词的时态。句意:这一决定基于一起事故,一辆Cruise自动驾驶出租车将一名行人拖了二十英尺以上。分析句子可知,设空处为定语从句的谓语动词;结合下文时态和此处语境可知,这里陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填dragged。
12.was thrown 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:10月2日,这辆车撞到了一名女子,她被撞到了Cruise无人驾驶汽车的相邻车道。分析句子可知,设空处为谓语动词,主语she和提示词throw之间为被动关系,结合上下文时态可知,这里陈述过去发生的事情,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was thrown。
13.a 考查冠词。句意:停下来后,Cruise汽车试图靠边停车,而该女子就在车下。固定短语come to a stop表示“停下来”。故填a。
14.panicked 考查动词的时态。句意:消息迅速传开,引起了公众的恐慌。分析句子可知,设空处与前面的spread并列,都作谓语。故填panicked。
易错分析
本题容易错填paniced,原因是不清楚panic的过去式。panic的过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为:panicked—panicked—panicking。
15.unreasonably 考查副词。句意:该机构在一篇新闻稿中说,“当Cruise汽车对公共安全构成过高的风险时,加州机动车辆管理局可以立即暂停许可。”设空处修饰形容词,应用副词作状语。故填unreasonably。
16.regulation 考查名词。句意:它补充说,暂停部分基于一项州法令。根据空前的冠词a可知,设空处应用名词,作介词on的宾语。故填regulation。
17.Confronted 考查动词-ed形式。句意:面对目前的情况,我们应该立即采取措施,重建公众的信任。分析句子可知,设空处作状语,提示词confront与其逻辑主语we之间为被动关系,所以应用动词-ed形式。故填Confronted。
18.taking 考查动词-ing形式。句意:其中一部分包含认真审视我们在Cruise的工作方式。involve doing sth.表示“包含做某事”,动词-ing形式作宾语。故填taking。
19.who 考查宾语从句。句意:当事故发生时,重要的是如何避免潜在的风险,而不是判定谁有过错。分析句子可知,设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语,意为“谁”。故填who。
20.to be 考查动词不定式。句意:虽然无人驾驶汽车的旅程并非没有障碍,但最终的目的地注定是人类惊人的视野和创造力的又一个里程碑。be bound to do表示“注定做某事”,应用动词不定式。故填to be。
熟词生义
release 熟义:v.释放;发泄;公开 n.释放;泄漏;公开 生义:n.新闻稿;发布(会)