第6单元 科学与技术 限时训练2【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）
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| 名称 | 第6单元 科学与技术 限时训练2【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-08-11 11:28:18 | ||
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第6单元 科学与技术
限时训练2
限时30分钟
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world.
The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. The project was launched by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow waters and that they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target at microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. The material comes from the breakdown of manufactured plastic products and industrial waste.
The team said the robots can be controlled by light. Turning “a near-infrared light laser” on and off causes the fish's tail to move back and forth, the American Chemical Society said. The robotic fish can swim up to 2.76 body lengths per second. The researchers said this is faster than most similar soft robots. Wang Yuyan was a member of Sichuan University's research team. She told Reuters News Agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. The fish can take in different kinds of microplastics and even repair itself when damaged, the researchers said. And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added. Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease.
1.Why has a robotic fish been created
A.To remove disease in people. B.To clean up pollution in oceans.
C.To remove unwanted materials in bodies. D.To remove microplastic particles in water.
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The purpose of the robotic fish. B.The function of the robotic fish.
C.A further introduction of the robotic fish. D.Potential application of the robotic fish.
3.What will happen to the robotic fish when it is eaten by a real fish
A.It will be harmless. B.It will repair itself.
C.It will take in microplastics. D.It will collect microplastics.
4.What is Wang Yuyan's attitude to the future use of the robotic fish
A.Pessimistic. B.Positive. C.Unclear. D.Suspicious.
B
An increase in the efficiency of solar panels may be on the way, as research from the Australian National University(ANU) reduces their current limitations. ANU researchers have found a way to improve the performance of silicon photovoltaic (PV)(硅光伏) or solar cells. This is done through the addition of “passivating(钝化) contacts” between the metal and silicon parts of the solar cell, making it more productive.
“These findings will help push the performance of silicon solar cells closer to their theoretical limit,” Mohamed Ismael, lead ANU researcher and PhD candidate said. “Each day, the sun produces significantly more energy than needed to power the whole planet. The only limitation is our ability to economically convert it to electricity,” he said.
Solar cells are devices that convert light energy in the form of photons into electrical energy. As it stands, solar cells aren't operating at their maximum capacity due to considerable electrical losses associated with the direct contact of metals with silicon.
“Transition metal oxides such as titanium oxide(二氧化钛) have many qualities that make them ideal as passivating contact layers,” Dr Lachlan Black said. “This isn't a new idea, but the way in which we combined these layers has produced better results and higher operating voltages than anything previously reported.”
The research team is hoping to develop the technology to a point where it can be applied to industrial solar cells on a large scale. The PV market is a multi-billion-dollar industry, with silicon solar cells contributing to 95 percent of all commercial solar cells. They are predicted to remain dominant for the foreseeable future given their advantageous properties compared to competitors.
“If successful, we could see our technology in almost all new solar panels installed on your roof or utility-scale solar plants,” Dr Black said. “Improving the efficiency of solar cells guarantees more clean energy at a reduced cost. This not only helps to address climate change, but opens up new economic opportunities for this low-cost clean energy.”
5.What is the function of addition of “passivating contacts”
A.Making solar cells long-lasting.
B.Improving the lifetime of solar cells.
C.Pushing solar cells to the future.
D.Promoting the performance of solar cells.
6.What does the underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Switch. B.Revise. C.Convey. D.Explore.
7.What is Lachlan Black's attitude to the technology
A.Cautious. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful. D.Negative.
8.What can be the best title for the text
A.New solar panels installed on your roof
B.Shining new light on solar cells' development
C.Applying industrial solar cells on a large scale
D.Electrical loss in metals' direct contact with silicon
Ⅱ 七选五
How to Ease AI Anxiety
Rapid advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have brought big challenges and it's logical for humans to feel anxious about it. 1. . The following can prove it and ease your anxiety.
Remember context is key
Keep in mind that the present moment is far from the first time people have feared the rise of an unfamiliar technology. “Computer anxiety” and “technostress” date back decades. Before that, there was uncontrollable worry over industrial automation. 2. . But many of the worst sci-fi predictions did not come true.
Address the problem together
Rather than sticking your head in the sand, gain new skills to prepare for a career change or learn about ongoing efforts to regulate AI. Meanwhile, confronting anxiety over AI might begin with coming up with collective solutions and finding your community. 3. .
Switch your attention
Another way to feel better about AI is to avoid too much attention to it. 4. . Taking breaks from technology to reconnect with nature or loved ones in the physical world is critical to mental health. Stepping away from tech can also provide a reminder of all the ways that humans are distinct from AI.
5.
The current technology is not truly producing new things but rather imitating or following what people can do. AI may be able to answer questions and solve problems, but it lacks the power to convey emotions, empathy and create original content. Therefore, unbiased(公正的) judgment and certainty about your own skills can help with uneasiness.
A.Focus on what you can control
B.Remind yourself of its limitations
C.More attention should be attached to AI
D.Getting involved in it is crucial to seeking security
E.There is more to life than just programs and screens
F.But humans aren't yet headed for a complete replacement
G.Past advances did lead to big social and economic changes
Ⅲ 完形填空
When I studied in my high school, I did an experiment about how the temperature affected the growth of a plant. That experiment made me 1 that science teaches us the domino effect(多米诺效应) in the environment. It teaches people our 2 so we know where we are from. That day I 3 decided to be a scientist and that will be my greatest ambition in life. Ever since that day I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects. After school I do much research on how I can become a 5 scientist in the future.
One of my 6 for becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock. She has been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. At 25 she already had her PhD in botany and after that she started her 7 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics(玉米细胞遗传学) and she was 8 to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 9 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 10 something that helped the other scientists 11 the thing about genetics that did not just help her generation but also the future generation.
I know I will be able to achieve my 12 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I am lucky enough to achieve my goal, I will share my 13 with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 14 as the stars in the night sky. My future is still far but I will make the most of all in the 15 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
1.A.doubt B.realize C.wonder D.value
2.A.school B.origin C.growth D.study
3.A.easily B.hardly C.partly D.firmly
4.A.especially B.possibly C.properly D.separately
5.A.happy B.popular C.careful D.real
6.A.experiences B.persuasions C.inspirations D.generations
7.A.career B.attempt C.praise D.science
8.A.devoted B.invited C.linked D.attached
9.A.reason B.freedom C.right D.opportunity
10.A.heard B.expected C.discovered D.awarded
11.A.set out B.figure out C.stick out D.take out
12.A.fame B.reward C.dream D.stage
13.A.information B.decision C.light D.fortune
14.A.bright B.capable C.proud D.brave
15.A.lesson B.mind C.present D.heart
答案全解全析
限时训练2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章对科学家们新开发出的一种可以清除水中微塑料颗粒的机器鱼进行了相关介绍。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world.”可知,发明机器鱼是为了清除水中的微塑料颗粒。故选D。
2.C 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,本段介绍了这种机器鱼的长度、材料、用途、目标以及在水下的工作表现,所以本段主要是对这种机器鱼进行进一步的介绍。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added.”可知,如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃下去了,也能安全地被真鱼消化,不会产出有害的物质,即它是无害的。故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to...added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas...Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease.”可知,她所在的团队将扩大机器鱼的应用,下一步可以开发类似的机器人。因此,王宇嫣对于这种机器鱼是持有积极、肯定态度的。故选B。A.悲观的;C.不清楚的;D.怀疑的。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚国立大学(ANU)的研究人员发现了一种提高硅光伏或太阳能电池性能的方法,这将有助于提高太阳能电池的效率。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ANU researchers have found a way to improve the performance of silicon photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells. This is done through the addition of ‘passivating contacts’...”可知,澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员发现了一种提高硅光伏或太阳能电池性能的方法,这是通过在太阳能电池的金属和硅部件之间增加“钝化接触”来实现的,使其更有效。故选D。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上句“Each day, the sun produces significantly more energy than needed to power the whole planet.(太阳每天产生的能量远远超过了整个地球所需的能量。)”并结合画线词所在句“The only limitation is our ability to economically convert it to electricity(唯一的限制是我们把太阳能高效地 为电能的能力)”可推测,convert意为“转换”,与 switch同义。故选A。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lachlan Black说的话“This not only helps to address climate change, but opens up new economic opportunities for this low-cost clean energy.(这不仅有助于应对气候变化,而且为这种低成本的清洁能源开辟了新的经济机会。)”可知,他对该技术抱有希望。故选C。
8.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合其他内容可知,文章主要介绍了澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员发现了一种提高硅光伏或太阳能电池性能的方法,这将有助于提高太阳能电池的效率,所以B项“太阳能电池发展的新亮点”符合文章主旨,关键词是“solar cells”。故选B。
熟词生义
address 熟义:n.地址 v.写上姓名和地址 生义:v.设法解决
难句分析
原句 As it stands, solar cells aren't operating at their maximum capacity due to considerable electrical losses associated with the direct contact of metals with silicon.
分析 本句为主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句;在主句中,due to...作原因状语,associated with...作定语修饰electrical losses。
译文 就目前的情况看,由于金属与硅的直接接触造成了相当大的电损耗,太阳能电池无法以最大容量运行。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生成式人工智能(AI)的快速发展带来了巨大的挑战,并介绍了缓解人工智能带来的焦虑的方法。
1.F 过渡句。根据空前“生成式人工智能(AI)的快速发展带来了巨大的挑战,人类对此感到焦虑是合乎逻辑的”和空后“下面(的方法)可以证明这一点,并缓解你的焦虑”可知,F项“But humans aren't yet headed for a complete replacement(但人类还没有找到完全的替代品)”承上启下,符合语境。故选F。
2.G 过渡句。根据空前“‘电脑焦虑’和‘技术压力’可以追溯到几十年前。在此之前,人们对工业自动化有着无法控制的担忧”和空后“但许多最糟糕的科幻预言并没有成为现实”可知,G项“Past advances did lead to big social and economic changes(过去的进步确实带来了巨大的社会和经济变革)”承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
3.D 细节句。根据本段的小标题“一起解决问题”和空前“与此同时,解决人工智能带来的焦虑可以从提出集体解决方案和找到你的团体开始”可知,D项“Getting involved in it is crucial to seeking security(参与其中对寻求安全至关重要)”承接上文,符合语境,其中的it指的是“提出集体解决方案和找到你的团体”。故选D。
4.E 细节句。根据本段的小标题“转移你的注意力”和空前“另一种对人工智能感觉更好的方法是避免过多关注它”可知,E项“There is more to life than just programs and screens(生活不仅仅是程序和屏幕)”承接上文,符合语境。故选E。
5.B 主旨句。设空处是本段的小标题。下文说的是人工智能的局限性,所以B项“Remind yourself of its limitations(提醒自己它的局限性)”符合本段的主题。故选B。
技巧点拨
解答这类题目时通常采用浏览的方式,即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意,然后浏览选项,准确判定与主旨大意匹配的选项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者决定成为科学家,她的榜样是1983年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的芭芭拉·麦克林托克,希望自己能和她一样做出有益的发现。
1.B 根据前文“That experiment”、后文“science teaches us the domino effect in the environment”并结合选项可知,“那个实验让我意识到科学教会了我们环境中的多米诺效应”符合语境,这让作者决定成为科学家。doubt怀疑;realize意识到;wonder想知道;value重视。故选B。
2.B 根据后文“we know where we are from”可知,它让我们知道我们来自哪里,所以是告诉我们起源。school学校;origin起源;growth增长;study学习。故选B。
3.D 根据后文“Ever since that day I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects.”可知,作者更加努力地学习, 在所有与科学相关的科目上,所以作者坚定地想成为一名科学家。easily容易地;hardly几乎不;partly部分地;firmly坚定地。故选D。
4.A 根据前文“That day I 3 decided to be a scientist and that will be my greatest ambition in life.”可知,作者坚定地想成为一名科学家,所以他特别是在所有与科学相关的科目上会更努力地学习。especially特别;possibly可能;properly适当地;separately分别地。故选A。
5.D 作者坚定地决定成为一名科学家,所以是做了很多关于如何在未来成为一名真正的科学家的研究。happy高兴的;popular流行的;careful仔细的;real真正的。故选D。
6.C 根据后文“achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock”可知,作者想成为像芭芭拉·麦克林托克博士那样的人,所以她是激励作者成为科学家的人之一。experience经历;persuasion信仰;inspiration鼓舞人心的人;generation一代人。故选C。
7.A 根据后文“as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics”可知,成为玉米细胞遗传学发展的领导者应是她的事业。career事业;attempt企图;praise赞扬;science科学。故选A。
8.A 25岁时,她已经获得了植物学博士学位,之后,她成为玉米细胞遗传学发展的领导者,并将她的余生献给了这项研究。 be devoted to为固定搭配,意为“献身于”。devote奉献;invite邀请;link联系;attach附,贴。故选A。
9.D 根据前文“If I am lucky and given”以及后文“to achieve my ambition as a scientist”可知,此处是作者在做假设,结合选项可知,应是“有机会实现我作为一名科学家的抱负”。reason原因;freedom自由;right权利;opportunity机会。故选D。
10.C 根据前文“She has been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.”可知,麦克林托克获得诺贝尔奖,而根据常识,获奖是因为发现了一些东西。hear听到;expect预期;discover发现;award奖励。故选C。
11.B 麦克林托克获得诺贝尔奖,所以她发现的东西应是帮助其他科学家弄清楚了遗传学的事情,才能获奖。set out出发;figure out理解,弄清楚;stick out伸出;take out除掉。故选B。
12.C 根据后文“I put my heart and perseverance into it”可知,作者把心和毅力投入其中,是为了实现成为科学家的梦想。 fame名声;reward奖励;dream梦想;stage阶段。故选C。
13.D 根据前文“If I am lucky enough to achieve my goal”可知,此处是说如果作者幸运地成为科学家,他会把自己的好运分享给所有同样热爱科学并想成为科学家的孩子们。information信息;decision决定;light光线;fortune好运。故选D。
14.A 根据后文“the stars in the night sky”可知,作者的未来将会像星星一样,应该是明亮的。bright明亮的;capable有能力的;proud自豪的;brave勇敢的。故选A。
15.C 根据前文“My future is still far”可知,作者的未来还很遥远,所以作者应是利用现在的一切来实现他的梦想。lesson教训;mind头脑;present目前;heart内心。故选C。
限时训练2
限时30分钟
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world.
The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. The project was launched by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow waters and that they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target at microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. The material comes from the breakdown of manufactured plastic products and industrial waste.
The team said the robots can be controlled by light. Turning “a near-infrared light laser” on and off causes the fish's tail to move back and forth, the American Chemical Society said. The robotic fish can swim up to 2.76 body lengths per second. The researchers said this is faster than most similar soft robots. Wang Yuyan was a member of Sichuan University's research team. She told Reuters News Agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. The fish can take in different kinds of microplastics and even repair itself when damaged, the researchers said. And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added. Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease.
1.Why has a robotic fish been created
A.To remove disease in people. B.To clean up pollution in oceans.
C.To remove unwanted materials in bodies. D.To remove microplastic particles in water.
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The purpose of the robotic fish. B.The function of the robotic fish.
C.A further introduction of the robotic fish. D.Potential application of the robotic fish.
3.What will happen to the robotic fish when it is eaten by a real fish
A.It will be harmless. B.It will repair itself.
C.It will take in microplastics. D.It will collect microplastics.
4.What is Wang Yuyan's attitude to the future use of the robotic fish
A.Pessimistic. B.Positive. C.Unclear. D.Suspicious.
B
An increase in the efficiency of solar panels may be on the way, as research from the Australian National University(ANU) reduces their current limitations. ANU researchers have found a way to improve the performance of silicon photovoltaic (PV)(硅光伏) or solar cells. This is done through the addition of “passivating(钝化) contacts” between the metal and silicon parts of the solar cell, making it more productive.
“These findings will help push the performance of silicon solar cells closer to their theoretical limit,” Mohamed Ismael, lead ANU researcher and PhD candidate said. “Each day, the sun produces significantly more energy than needed to power the whole planet. The only limitation is our ability to economically convert it to electricity,” he said.
Solar cells are devices that convert light energy in the form of photons into electrical energy. As it stands, solar cells aren't operating at their maximum capacity due to considerable electrical losses associated with the direct contact of metals with silicon.
“Transition metal oxides such as titanium oxide(二氧化钛) have many qualities that make them ideal as passivating contact layers,” Dr Lachlan Black said. “This isn't a new idea, but the way in which we combined these layers has produced better results and higher operating voltages than anything previously reported.”
The research team is hoping to develop the technology to a point where it can be applied to industrial solar cells on a large scale. The PV market is a multi-billion-dollar industry, with silicon solar cells contributing to 95 percent of all commercial solar cells. They are predicted to remain dominant for the foreseeable future given their advantageous properties compared to competitors.
“If successful, we could see our technology in almost all new solar panels installed on your roof or utility-scale solar plants,” Dr Black said. “Improving the efficiency of solar cells guarantees more clean energy at a reduced cost. This not only helps to address climate change, but opens up new economic opportunities for this low-cost clean energy.”
5.What is the function of addition of “passivating contacts”
A.Making solar cells long-lasting.
B.Improving the lifetime of solar cells.
C.Pushing solar cells to the future.
D.Promoting the performance of solar cells.
6.What does the underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Switch. B.Revise. C.Convey. D.Explore.
7.What is Lachlan Black's attitude to the technology
A.Cautious. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful. D.Negative.
8.What can be the best title for the text
A.New solar panels installed on your roof
B.Shining new light on solar cells' development
C.Applying industrial solar cells on a large scale
D.Electrical loss in metals' direct contact with silicon
Ⅱ 七选五
How to Ease AI Anxiety
Rapid advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have brought big challenges and it's logical for humans to feel anxious about it. 1. . The following can prove it and ease your anxiety.
Remember context is key
Keep in mind that the present moment is far from the first time people have feared the rise of an unfamiliar technology. “Computer anxiety” and “technostress” date back decades. Before that, there was uncontrollable worry over industrial automation. 2. . But many of the worst sci-fi predictions did not come true.
Address the problem together
Rather than sticking your head in the sand, gain new skills to prepare for a career change or learn about ongoing efforts to regulate AI. Meanwhile, confronting anxiety over AI might begin with coming up with collective solutions and finding your community. 3. .
Switch your attention
Another way to feel better about AI is to avoid too much attention to it. 4. . Taking breaks from technology to reconnect with nature or loved ones in the physical world is critical to mental health. Stepping away from tech can also provide a reminder of all the ways that humans are distinct from AI.
5.
The current technology is not truly producing new things but rather imitating or following what people can do. AI may be able to answer questions and solve problems, but it lacks the power to convey emotions, empathy and create original content. Therefore, unbiased(公正的) judgment and certainty about your own skills can help with uneasiness.
A.Focus on what you can control
B.Remind yourself of its limitations
C.More attention should be attached to AI
D.Getting involved in it is crucial to seeking security
E.There is more to life than just programs and screens
F.But humans aren't yet headed for a complete replacement
G.Past advances did lead to big social and economic changes
Ⅲ 完形填空
When I studied in my high school, I did an experiment about how the temperature affected the growth of a plant. That experiment made me 1 that science teaches us the domino effect(多米诺效应) in the environment. It teaches people our 2 so we know where we are from. That day I 3 decided to be a scientist and that will be my greatest ambition in life. Ever since that day I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects. After school I do much research on how I can become a 5 scientist in the future.
One of my 6 for becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock. She has been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. At 25 she already had her PhD in botany and after that she started her 7 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics(玉米细胞遗传学) and she was 8 to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 9 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 10 something that helped the other scientists 11 the thing about genetics that did not just help her generation but also the future generation.
I know I will be able to achieve my 12 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I am lucky enough to achieve my goal, I will share my 13 with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 14 as the stars in the night sky. My future is still far but I will make the most of all in the 15 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
1.A.doubt B.realize C.wonder D.value
2.A.school B.origin C.growth D.study
3.A.easily B.hardly C.partly D.firmly
4.A.especially B.possibly C.properly D.separately
5.A.happy B.popular C.careful D.real
6.A.experiences B.persuasions C.inspirations D.generations
7.A.career B.attempt C.praise D.science
8.A.devoted B.invited C.linked D.attached
9.A.reason B.freedom C.right D.opportunity
10.A.heard B.expected C.discovered D.awarded
11.A.set out B.figure out C.stick out D.take out
12.A.fame B.reward C.dream D.stage
13.A.information B.decision C.light D.fortune
14.A.bright B.capable C.proud D.brave
15.A.lesson B.mind C.present D.heart
答案全解全析
限时训练2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章对科学家们新开发出的一种可以清除水中微塑料颗粒的机器鱼进行了相关介绍。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world.”可知,发明机器鱼是为了清除水中的微塑料颗粒。故选D。
2.C 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,本段介绍了这种机器鱼的长度、材料、用途、目标以及在水下的工作表现,所以本段主要是对这种机器鱼进行进一步的介绍。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added.”可知,如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃下去了,也能安全地被真鱼消化,不会产出有害的物质,即它是无害的。故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to...added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas...Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease.”可知,她所在的团队将扩大机器鱼的应用,下一步可以开发类似的机器人。因此,王宇嫣对于这种机器鱼是持有积极、肯定态度的。故选B。A.悲观的;C.不清楚的;D.怀疑的。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚国立大学(ANU)的研究人员发现了一种提高硅光伏或太阳能电池性能的方法,这将有助于提高太阳能电池的效率。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ANU researchers have found a way to improve the performance of silicon photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells. This is done through the addition of ‘passivating contacts’...”可知,澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员发现了一种提高硅光伏或太阳能电池性能的方法,这是通过在太阳能电池的金属和硅部件之间增加“钝化接触”来实现的,使其更有效。故选D。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上句“Each day, the sun produces significantly more energy than needed to power the whole planet.(太阳每天产生的能量远远超过了整个地球所需的能量。)”并结合画线词所在句“The only limitation is our ability to economically convert it to electricity(唯一的限制是我们把太阳能高效地 为电能的能力)”可推测,convert意为“转换”,与 switch同义。故选A。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lachlan Black说的话“This not only helps to address climate change, but opens up new economic opportunities for this low-cost clean energy.(这不仅有助于应对气候变化,而且为这种低成本的清洁能源开辟了新的经济机会。)”可知,他对该技术抱有希望。故选C。
8.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合其他内容可知,文章主要介绍了澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员发现了一种提高硅光伏或太阳能电池性能的方法,这将有助于提高太阳能电池的效率,所以B项“太阳能电池发展的新亮点”符合文章主旨,关键词是“solar cells”。故选B。
熟词生义
address 熟义:n.地址 v.写上姓名和地址 生义:v.设法解决
难句分析
原句 As it stands, solar cells aren't operating at their maximum capacity due to considerable electrical losses associated with the direct contact of metals with silicon.
分析 本句为主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句;在主句中,due to...作原因状语,associated with...作定语修饰electrical losses。
译文 就目前的情况看,由于金属与硅的直接接触造成了相当大的电损耗,太阳能电池无法以最大容量运行。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生成式人工智能(AI)的快速发展带来了巨大的挑战,并介绍了缓解人工智能带来的焦虑的方法。
1.F 过渡句。根据空前“生成式人工智能(AI)的快速发展带来了巨大的挑战,人类对此感到焦虑是合乎逻辑的”和空后“下面(的方法)可以证明这一点,并缓解你的焦虑”可知,F项“But humans aren't yet headed for a complete replacement(但人类还没有找到完全的替代品)”承上启下,符合语境。故选F。
2.G 过渡句。根据空前“‘电脑焦虑’和‘技术压力’可以追溯到几十年前。在此之前,人们对工业自动化有着无法控制的担忧”和空后“但许多最糟糕的科幻预言并没有成为现实”可知,G项“Past advances did lead to big social and economic changes(过去的进步确实带来了巨大的社会和经济变革)”承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
3.D 细节句。根据本段的小标题“一起解决问题”和空前“与此同时,解决人工智能带来的焦虑可以从提出集体解决方案和找到你的团体开始”可知,D项“Getting involved in it is crucial to seeking security(参与其中对寻求安全至关重要)”承接上文,符合语境,其中的it指的是“提出集体解决方案和找到你的团体”。故选D。
4.E 细节句。根据本段的小标题“转移你的注意力”和空前“另一种对人工智能感觉更好的方法是避免过多关注它”可知,E项“There is more to life than just programs and screens(生活不仅仅是程序和屏幕)”承接上文,符合语境。故选E。
5.B 主旨句。设空处是本段的小标题。下文说的是人工智能的局限性,所以B项“Remind yourself of its limitations(提醒自己它的局限性)”符合本段的主题。故选B。
技巧点拨
解答这类题目时通常采用浏览的方式,即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意,然后浏览选项,准确判定与主旨大意匹配的选项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者决定成为科学家,她的榜样是1983年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的芭芭拉·麦克林托克,希望自己能和她一样做出有益的发现。
1.B 根据前文“That experiment”、后文“science teaches us the domino effect in the environment”并结合选项可知,“那个实验让我意识到科学教会了我们环境中的多米诺效应”符合语境,这让作者决定成为科学家。doubt怀疑;realize意识到;wonder想知道;value重视。故选B。
2.B 根据后文“we know where we are from”可知,它让我们知道我们来自哪里,所以是告诉我们起源。school学校;origin起源;growth增长;study学习。故选B。
3.D 根据后文“Ever since that day I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects.”可知,作者更加努力地学习, 在所有与科学相关的科目上,所以作者坚定地想成为一名科学家。easily容易地;hardly几乎不;partly部分地;firmly坚定地。故选D。
4.A 根据前文“That day I 3 decided to be a scientist and that will be my greatest ambition in life.”可知,作者坚定地想成为一名科学家,所以他特别是在所有与科学相关的科目上会更努力地学习。especially特别;possibly可能;properly适当地;separately分别地。故选A。
5.D 作者坚定地决定成为一名科学家,所以是做了很多关于如何在未来成为一名真正的科学家的研究。happy高兴的;popular流行的;careful仔细的;real真正的。故选D。
6.C 根据后文“achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock”可知,作者想成为像芭芭拉·麦克林托克博士那样的人,所以她是激励作者成为科学家的人之一。experience经历;persuasion信仰;inspiration鼓舞人心的人;generation一代人。故选C。
7.A 根据后文“as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics”可知,成为玉米细胞遗传学发展的领导者应是她的事业。career事业;attempt企图;praise赞扬;science科学。故选A。
8.A 25岁时,她已经获得了植物学博士学位,之后,她成为玉米细胞遗传学发展的领导者,并将她的余生献给了这项研究。 be devoted to为固定搭配,意为“献身于”。devote奉献;invite邀请;link联系;attach附,贴。故选A。
9.D 根据前文“If I am lucky and given”以及后文“to achieve my ambition as a scientist”可知,此处是作者在做假设,结合选项可知,应是“有机会实现我作为一名科学家的抱负”。reason原因;freedom自由;right权利;opportunity机会。故选D。
10.C 根据前文“She has been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.”可知,麦克林托克获得诺贝尔奖,而根据常识,获奖是因为发现了一些东西。hear听到;expect预期;discover发现;award奖励。故选C。
11.B 麦克林托克获得诺贝尔奖,所以她发现的东西应是帮助其他科学家弄清楚了遗传学的事情,才能获奖。set out出发;figure out理解,弄清楚;stick out伸出;take out除掉。故选B。
12.C 根据后文“I put my heart and perseverance into it”可知,作者把心和毅力投入其中,是为了实现成为科学家的梦想。 fame名声;reward奖励;dream梦想;stage阶段。故选C。
13.D 根据前文“If I am lucky enough to achieve my goal”可知,此处是说如果作者幸运地成为科学家,他会把自己的好运分享给所有同样热爱科学并想成为科学家的孩子们。information信息;decision决定;light光线;fortune好运。故选D。
14.A 根据后文“the stars in the night sky”可知,作者的未来将会像星星一样,应该是明亮的。bright明亮的;capable有能力的;proud自豪的;brave勇敢的。故选A。
15.C 根据前文“My future is still far”可知,作者的未来还很遥远,所以作者应是利用现在的一切来实现他的梦想。lesson教训;mind头脑;present目前;heart内心。故选C。
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