第6单元 科学与技术 限时训练3【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）

第6单元　科学与技术
限时训练3
限时50分钟
Ⅰ　阅读理解
A
　　China will increase resources to advance the construction of the 5G network, expand the application of 5G technology in various fields, and promote the research and development of 6G, officials and experts said at the 6th Digital China Summit, which ended on Friday in Fuzhou, Fujian province.
“China has built the world's largest 5G network with the most advanced technologies. The number of the country's 5G base stations had exceeded 2.64 million by the end of March this year,” said an official, Zhao Ce.
Zhao said the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will make more efforts to bolster the building of the 5G network in an orderly manner and accelerate its industrial applications, push forward the research and development of 6G, and strengthen international exchange and communication in 5G-related technology, standards and application.
Cao Ming, president of the wireless product line at Huawei Technologies, said China is taking the lead in 5G development across the globe, and that 5G is expected to play a bigger role in improving digitalization in a wide range of sectors covering intelligent connected vehicles and intelligent transportation.
“As the next-generation mobile communication technology, 6G integrates telecommunication, perception, computation, artificial intelligence, big data and security,” said Cui Chunfeng, president of the future research institute of the China Mobile Research Institute, adding the research on 6G is still at a primary stage worldwide.
Although there is no universally accepted definition of 6G, the technology is predicted to provide faster speeds, lower latency(延时) and more bandwidth than 5G. The 6G network will realize the deep integration of physical and virtual worlds, and build a new world featuring the intelligent connection of everything, Cui said.
Noting new cybersecurity challenges have popped up with the rapid development and application of 5G technology, Qi Xiangdong, chairman of Chinese cybersecurity company Qi-Anxin Technology Group (QATG), said the company will strengthen cooperation with the country's major telecom carriers to help them deal with growing cybersecurity risks.
1.Why will China increase resources according to Paragraph 1
A.To stop the construction of the 5G network.
B.To deal with new cybersecurity challenges.
C.To suspend the application of 5G in diverse fields.
D.To further the research and development of 6G.
2.What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Reduce.　　　　B.Improve.　　　　C.Oppose.　　　　D.Evaluate.
3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 6
A.The integration of 5G and 6G.　　　　B.The comparison between 5G and 6G.
C.The potential to be realized through 6G.　　　　D.The intelligent connection achieved with 6G.
4.Why will QATG enhance partnership with major telecom carriers
A.To advance digitalization in various fields.
B.To accelerate the 5G network industrial applications.
C.To help them address mounting network security risks.
D.To strengthen international cooperation in technology.
B
　　Tomorrow's menus could feature items prepared with complex cooking techniques and presentation—all at the push of a button. Columbia University mechanical engineers have designed a 3D printer that can produce and cook dishes at the same time with details at the millimeter scale.
The design combines a multiwavelength laser(激光) cooker, roughly the size of five smartphones piled together, with a microwave-oven-sized food printer. The system uses various light wavelengths to cook in different ways: a short-wave blue laser goes deep inside meat, for example, while infrared beams(红外线光束) brown the surface. As the device's robotic arm places fine layers of chicken puree(酱), a high-powered beam moves over them and cooks the meat—with literally laser-focused precision. Thus, users can achieve perfect results—say, a machine-made burger that varies between rare and well done in a checkerboard pattern.
“It gives you a lot more control and customization(定制),” says Jonathan Blutinger, lead author of the paper and a digital-cooking researcher at Columbia. The researchers tested only chicken for this study, but the system can work with other foods as well.
Beyond applying diverse materials and presentation patterns, this type of software-controlled setup could someday scan a QR code to automatically prepare dishes tailored to individual eating habits and dietary restrictions, Blutinger says.
The new technology is “astonishing”, says Megan Ross, a food scientist who studies 3D printing at Ireland's University College Cork. Ross notes that the design is still at a beginning stage and that many technical challenges remain, such as preventing cross pollution between layers of raw and cooked meat. Still, Ross is impressed by the device's ability to produce foods outside the field of conventional cooking. “Is this going to be sold in shops everywhere in the next few years No,” she says. “But everyone has to start somewhere.”
5.What makes the new design different from a common cooker
A.It works automatically.　　　　B.It is attached to a printer.
C.It cooks the whole of food.　　　　D.It can process various materials.
6.How does the design work
A.By customizing the dishes.　　　　B.By accessing 3D technology.
C.By turning the food upside down.　　　　D.By using beams of diverse wavelengths.
7.What is the new advantage of the design
A.It is more flexible to operate.　　　　B.It can process meat.
C.It avoids cross food pollution.　　　　D.It can be applied to the QR code.
8.What can we infer about the design from Ross' words
A.It makes a meaningful start.　　　　B.It will be well received soon.
C.It goes well with technology.　　　　D.It is well thought of by the public.
Ⅱ　七选五
　　
The History of the Automobile
　　The automobile, more commonly known as the car, certainly counts as one of the greatest inventions in human history. 1.　　
As to who invented the automobile, the answer is not quite so clear-cut. While some give credit to Karl Benz, who patented the first gas-powered vehicle in 1886, others give the praise to Gottlieb Daimler. Incidentally, the two inventors' companies merge(合并) in 1926 to form the famous Mercedes-Benz.
2.　　　 It was Henry Ford who designed a system of mass production that allowed him to produce cars far more cheaply, which in turn meant he could sell them at lower prices. By 1927, 15 million of Ford's famous all-black Model Ts had been produced. Mass car ownership had become a reality.
3.　　　 Inventors were working on electric vehicles around the same time that gas-powered ones were being developed. The first electric car was designed in 1884 by Thomas Parker, the same man who electrified the London Underground. By 1900, electric vehicles were giving gas cars a run for their money. They were quiet, did not give off emissions, and were easier to drive, especially for women. 4.　　　 They were difficult to charge when most people's homes didn't have electricity. They were also rather expensive. In the end, Henry Ford's cheap Model T put an end to interest in electric cars which didn't become popular until the gas shortages and environmental concerns of the late 20th century.
Now, early in the 21st century, we find ourselves on the brink of yet another age in automobile history. Electric cars are set to make the gas guzzler(油老虎) out of date. 5.　　　 Benz, Daimler and Parker would surely be amazed by how far their dreams have come.
A.But why were early electric cars not popular
B.However, they weren't without shortcomings.
C.They were also popular in European countries.
D.It allows people to travel great distances quickly, safely and cheaply.
E.And self-driving cars may soon make human drivers a thing of the past.
F.At first, European models were far too expensive for most people to buy.
G.Many people think of electric vehicles as a new invention, but actually that's not the case.
Ⅲ　读后续写
　　阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　“Mom! I'm home!” John closed the door and dropped his books on a nearby chair. “Hi, John, home already ” His mom turned around.
“It's spring. I was thinking more of our annual spring cleaning,” John's mom suggested. “Tomorrow is Saturday. Let's do some cleaning, okay ” “Okay,” John agreed unwillingly.
The next day, they cleaned upstairs, downstairs, inside, outside, until everything was spotless. Tired, they sank into the couch. Pointing to Grandpa's chair, John's mom exclaimed, “Oh my! That old chair has got to go. We'll buy Grandpa a new one.” John's grandpa lived with them since Grandma had died. “John, let's take the chair to the curb(马路边). Tomorrow the garbage truck is picking up on our block.”
As they attempted to move the chair, Grandpa walked by dragging his feet through the door and quickly blocked their way. “Oh, no!” he protested. “You can't take my chair.”
“It's old and worn. We'll buy you a new one,” John's mom argued.
“No,” John's grandpa persisted, trying to push his chair back into place. “I don't want a new one,” his voice trembled.
John's mom had to give up and said she would discuss it with John's dad, who was still at work. John's mom left the living room to prepare the dinner. With a sigh of relief, the old man sank into his chair and closed his eyes.
“Grandpa, why won't you let us get rid of the chair It's so old.” John asked his grandpa when his mom left the room.
“You don't understand, John,” Grandpa shook his head from side to side. After a long pause he said, “I sat in this chair, with your grandma right here, when I asked her to marry me. When I sit in this chair and close my eyes, I feel she is near.” Grandpa softly stroked(轻抚) the arm of the chair. “And the night your father was born, I sat in this chair. I was nervous and scared when they placed the tiny baby into my arms, yet I was never happier.” A smile flashed across his old face.
“I think I'm beginning to understand,” John said thoughtfully. “The chair gave you comfort and warmth. This is not just a chair. It is more like a friend.” However, that night when John and his grandpa were asleep, John's mom and dad carried the chair to the curb.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
The next morning, when John came downstairs, his grandpa stood by the window and looked outside sadly.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Seeing John rescue the chair from the garbage men, his mom turned and looked at John's grandpa.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案全解全析
限时训练3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道,主要报道了6G技术研发。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“China will increase resources to advance the construction of the 5G network, expand the application of 5G technology in various fields, and promote the research and development of 6G”可知,中国将增加资源促进6G的研发。故选D。
2.B　词义猜测题。从第三段画线单词所在句的三个并列成分“accelerate”“push forward”“strengthen”可以推断出,画线单词bolster意为“促进,加强”。故选B。
3.C　主旨大意题。通读第六段可知,本段主要讲述了6G网络的潜能,如比5G网速更快、延时更少、带宽更大;虚拟世界与真实世界深度融合;智联其他事物构建一个新的世界等。故选C。
4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the company will strengthen cooperation with the country's major telecom carriers to help them deal with growing cybersecurity risks”可知,该公司加强与主要电信运营商的合作是为了应对日益增加的网络安全风险。故选C。
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款最新设计——可以制作、烹饪菜肴的3D食物打印机。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The design combines a multiwavelength laser cooker, roughly the size of five smartphones piled together, with a microwave-oven-sized food printer.”可知,新设计不同于普通的炊具的地方是其连接着一台食物打印机。故选B。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The system uses various light wavelengths to cook in different ways: a short-wave blue laser goes deep inside meat, for example, while infrared beams brown the surface.”和本段下文内容可知,这款设计通过使用不同波长的光束来工作。故选D。
7.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It gives you a lot more control and customization”和第四段“Beyond applying diverse materials and presentation patterns, this type of software-controlled setup could someday scan a QR code to automatically prepare dishes tailored to individual eating habits and dietary restrictions, Blutinger says.”可知,除了应用不同的材料和展示模式外,这种由软件控制的装置有一天可以扫描二维码,根据个人的饮食习惯和饮食限制自动准备菜肴。因此,这款设计的新优势是它的操作更灵活。故选A。
8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ross notes that the design is still at a beginning stage and that many technical challenges remain...Still, Ross is impressed by the device's ability to produce foods outside the field of conventional cooking.”可推知,这款设计是一个有意义的开始。故选A。
熟词生义
tailor 熟义:n.裁缝　生义:v.专门制作;定做
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽车的历史。
1.D　细节句。根据空前“‘automobile’一般更多地被称作‘car’,当然是人类历史上最伟大的发明之一”可知,D项“It allows people to travel great distances quickly, safely and cheaply.(它使人们能够快速地、安全地以低成本长途旅行)”能承接上文,简要介绍汽车的优点,即解释为什么汽车是最伟大的发明之一,符合题意。 故选D。
2.F　细节句。根据空后“正是亨利·福特设计了一套大规模生产系统,使他能够以低得多的成本生产汽车,这相应地意味着他可以以更低的价格销售汽车”可知,设空处要说跟“价格”有关的话题,所以F项“At first, European models were far too expensive for most people to buy.(起初,欧洲车型太贵了,大多数人买不起)”能引起下文,符合题意。故选F。
3.G　主旨句。根据空后“几乎在研发汽油动力汽车的同时,发明家们也在研发电动汽车。第一辆电动汽车是由托马斯·帕克于1884年设计的,他也是使伦敦地铁电气化的人”可知, G项“Many people think of electric vehicles as a new invention, but actually that's not the case.(许多人认为电动汽车是一项新发明,但事实并非如此)”能概括本段内容,符合题意。故选G。
4.B　过渡句。空前“它们安静,不排放废气,而且更容易驾驶,尤其是对女性来说”说的是电动汽车的优点,空后“它们也相当昂贵”说的是电动汽车的缺点,所以B项“However, they weren't without shortcomings.(然而,它们并非没有缺点)”承上启下,符合题意。故选B。
5.E　细节句。根据空前“电动汽车可能会使得高油耗汽车退出历史舞台”可知,设空处要说跟“汽车发展”有关的话题,所以E项“And self-driving cars may soon make human drivers a thing of the past.(自动驾驶汽车可能很快就会让人类司机成为过去)”能承接上文,符合题意。故选E。
难句分析
原句　It was Henry Ford who designed a system of mass production that allowed him to produce cars far more cheaply, which in turn meant he could sell them at lower prices.
分析　本句为主从复合句。It was...that是强调主语的强调句型,其中who 引导定语从句,修饰先行词Henry Ford;which引导非限制性定语从句,从句中meant后是省略了that的宾语从句。
译文　正是亨利·福特设计了一套大规模生产系统,使他能够以低得多的成本生产汽车,这相应地意味着他可以以更低的价格销售汽车。
Ⅲ.读后续写
写作指导
1.分析冲突点,预设故事结尾
故事人物 John, John's mother, John's father and John's grandfather
冲突点分析 John and his mother decided to do annual spring cleaning. They wanted to remove an old chair and buy a new one. But John's grandfather refused because the chair gave him comfort and warmth. However, John's mom and dad carried the chair to the curb.
预设结尾 John's mother felt guilty and they carried the chair back into the living room.
2.分析段首句,确定写作思路
由第一段和第二段首句确定第一段发展方向: 由第一段首句内容“第二天早上,当约翰下楼时,他的爷爷站在窗边伤心地望着外面。”可知,第一段可描写约翰跑出去取回椅子并告诉妈妈这把椅子对爷爷的意义。 梳理情节 情节示例
①爷爷有何反应 ②约翰如何取回椅子 ③约翰如何劝说父母 约翰注意到爷爷很伤心,取回椅子,劝说妈妈,并告知椅子对爷爷的意义。
由第二段首句和预设结尾确定第二段发展方向: 由第二段首句内容“看到约翰从垃圾工手中把椅子救了出来,他妈妈转过身来看着约翰的爷爷。”可知,第二段可描写妈妈感到抱歉,向爷爷道歉,椅子又被放在了屋里。 ①妈妈有何反应 ②最终结果如何 ③约翰有何认识 妈妈感到内疚,并向爷爷道歉,椅子又回到原地。经此一事,约翰对事物有了新的认识。
One possible version:
　　The next morning, when John came downstairs, his grandpa stood by the window and looked outside sadly. A tear rolled down his cheek. John noticed that the chair stood at the curb out on the street. The garbage truck pulling up to the house shocked John into action. He ran outside immediately. He waved both arms in the air as he rushed to stop the garbage men from moving the chair away. Then he went back home with that chair and said, “Mom, this chair has been with Grandpa for a very long time. It is like a friend.”
Seeing John rescue the chair from the garbage men, his mom turned and looked at John's grandpa. She felt guilty. Then she held Grandpa's hands and said, “I'm sorry, Father. I just didn't realize how much the chair meant to you.” They carried the chair back into the living room. Seeing the chair back, John's grandpa was thrilled, a broad smile spreading across his face. John and Grandpa wholeheartedly agreed that the living room was full of life with this old chair. The meaning of things lies not in the things themselves, but in people's attitude towards them.
佳作亮点
1.重点词汇
①roll down落下
②pull up停车
③guilty adj.内疚的
④wholeheartedly adv.全心全意地
2.精彩句式
①He waved both arms in the air as he rushed to stop the garbage men from moving the chair away.(as引导时间状语从句)他在空中挥舞着双臂,冲过去阻止垃圾工人把椅子移走。
②Seeing the chair back, John's grandpa was thrilled, a broad smile spreading across his face.(现在分词短语作状语;独立主格结构)看到椅子回来了,约翰的爷爷激动不已,脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。
③The meaning of things lies not in the things themselves, but in people's attitude towards them.(not...but...不是……而是……)事物的意义不在于事物本身,而在于人们对事物的态度。
写作积累
有关“家庭亲情”续写佳句
1.Dad fixed his eyes on the paper, a pleasant smile lifting the corner of his mouth.爸爸眼睛盯着那张纸,嘴角上扬,露出愉快的微笑。
2.The warm golden sunlight, flooding in through the window, together with love between my family, warmed us.透过窗户的温暖的金色阳光和我们家人之间的爱,温暖了我们。
3.Seeing his family sitting around and staying together harmoniously, Cater felt a sense of happiness.看到他的家人围坐着,和谐地待在一起,Cater感觉到幸福。
4.A surge of happiness and warmth running through her, Mom kissed the two sisters gently.一股幸福与温暖流遍她的全身,妈妈温柔地亲了亲两姐妹。