第7单元 自然生态与环境保护 限时训练1【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）

主题语境三　人与自然
第7单元　自然生态与环境保护
限时训练1　并列复合句和主从复合句
限时55分钟
考点　巩固练
考点1　并列复合句
1.The whodunits may be imaginary, 　　　　　 they provide a real-world alternative for young Chinese people who spend increasing amounts of time on their screens.
2.However, large parts of these walls were damaged in the earthquake and long sections now show deep cracks 　　　　　 other parts have collapsed.
3.The children must have got lost in the woods,　　　　　they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
4.In any unsafe situation, simply press the button 　　　　　 a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
5.He was going to be late,　　　　　 instead of taking the bus, he took a taxi.
6.He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, 　　　　　his father didn't hear him. (2022新高考Ⅱ改编)
7.Eat more healthy food, 　　　　　 you'll break down sooner or later.
8.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 　　　　　some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
考点2　名词性从句
9.　　　　　 scientists from Massachusetts Eye and Ear, a specialist teaching hospital in the US, have found is that your nose cells produce not only mucus, but also tiny sacs (囊) called exosomes.
10.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 　　　　　 they need an English trainer.(2023新课标Ⅱ)
11.Cobb started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 　　　　　 she could do so remotely.(2022浙江1月改编)
12.Mental health involves　　　　　 you process things such as stress and anxiety.(2022天津)
13.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 　　　　　 she lived.(2021北京)
14.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 　　　　　 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. (2019全国Ⅰ)
15.I'm not sure 　　　　　 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
考点3　定语从句
16.Before the earthquake, it was a cultural center for the city 　　　　　 dancers and storytellers performed.
17.Yuan Longping, a renowned Chinese scientist 　　　　　 devoted his life to developing high-yielding rice, made significant contributions to improving rice quality.
18.The waiter handed me a menu, but it was predominantly written in Chinese, 　　　　　characters were completely beyond my comprehension.
19.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”(2023全国甲)
20.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 　　　　　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.(2023全国乙)
21.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　　　　　 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022新高考Ⅰ)
22.On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 　　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. (2022全国甲)
23.May 30, 2023 is a memorable day,　　　　　 the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship was launched successfully.
24.I decided that if I learned of a company　　　　　 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. (2021新高考Ⅱ)
25.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,　　　　　she opened with her late husband Les. (2019全国Ⅱ)
26.The documents are available to the younger generation of communities from 　　　　　 the materials were originally collected.
27.The students benefitting most from college are those 　　　　　 are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源).(2019北京)
28.Written Chinese has also become an important means by 　　　　　 China's present is connected with its past.
29.Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason 　　　　　 so many bees are disappearing.
30.Pet owners are required to obtain a dog license,　　　　　 includes registration information such as the owner's information and the dog breed.
考点4　状语从句
31.　　　　　 cities may appear more complicated, there are also more clues to help travelers find their ways, such as numbered streets.
32.The disagreement was so sharp 　　　　　 neither he nor I knew how to settle it.(2022全国甲)
33.We all need to get involved in saving energy 　　　　　 it's at work, at home, or at school.(2021天津3月)
34.Feeling fearful is healthy 　　　　　 it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.(2021天津)
35.　　　　　 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. (2020全国Ⅲ)
36.After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove. I waited patiently 　　　　　 the oil was hot.(2020全国Ⅰ)
37.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinions 　　　　　 he wants their support.(2019天津)
38.　　　　　 we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
39.Located 　　　　　 the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
40.　　　　　the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
综合　强化练
单句语法填空
1.The main trend in the development of Chinese characters is　　　　　 complex characters are replaced by simpler forms.
2.　　　　　 the family were sleeping, Dad was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.
3.　　　　　 you'll gain knowledge successfully or not depends on how hard you will work.
4.Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, 　　　　　 I have long been out of practice.(2020全国Ⅱ)
5.The audience like these TV competitions　　　　　the participants are given a chance to break out of their everyday life and become special.
6.Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 　　　　　 you can join in when it's possible.(2020北京)
7.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 　　　　　 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.(2021浙江1月)
8.What students do at college seems to matter much more than 　　　　　 they go.(2019北京)
9.The name literally means “Dragon's Backbone” due to the fact that the rice terraces look just like a dragon's scales,　　　　　 the mountain's summit resembles the backbone.
10.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly　　　　　 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
11.Finally I want to express my hope 　　　　　 all the young fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no man.
12.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 　　　　　 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
13.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard 　　　　　 we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. (2019全国Ⅲ)
14.In one club in Beijing, for example, players enter a fictional martial arts school　　　　　 they wear costumes and assume roles like a peach fairy or a dragon.
15.The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman 　　　　　 hair color looked just perfect.(2023全国乙)
16.　　　　　 you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
17.The fear is that 　　　　　 we don't start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to active satellites.
18.It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from　　　　　 we can study how people manage their lives.
19.I have long been interested in space exploration　　　　　 I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.
20.But Sarah, 　　　　　 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
21.　　　　　 Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener.(2021浙江)
素养　提升练
语法填空
A
　　The ginkgo (银杏) tree is thought to be one of the oldest living trees, 1.　　　　　 (date) back to more than 290 million years ago. It is native 2.　　　　　 China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea, but it is also now grown in Europe and the United States. The earliest records of ginkgoes are found in Chinese biology literature such as Compendium of Materia Medica.
Ginkgoes are large trees, 3.　　　　　 (normal) reaching a height of 20-35 meters, with some in China being over 50 meters. The adult tree has a large crown and long branches, 4.　　　　　 it is usually deep-rooted and resistant to wind and snow damage. With a combination of 5.　　　　　 (resistant) to diseases and insects, some of the trees 6.　　　　　 (claim) to be more than 2,500 years old.
With fan-shaped leaves, ginkgoes are green both on the top and bottom. But during autumn, they turn bright yellow and then fall, which makes up 7.　　　　　 beautiful scene. Ginkgoes come in two sexes, with some trees being female and others male. The fruit has a soft, fleshy and yellow-brown outer layer 8.　　　　　 is attractive in appearance.
Because ginkgoes 9.　　　　　 (be) around for so long, people have used them for many purposes. It's commonly used for memory and thought problems, vision problems and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence 10.　　　　　 (support) most of these uses.
B
　　It has been estimated that rapidly growing modernization is leading to ignorance of the environment. Humans have created a situation in 11.　　　　　 ordinary events be increasingly raised to the level of natural disasters, 12.　　　　　 (cause) heavy losses in terms of human life as well as property.
Over the years, scientists researching on this topic 13.　　　　　 (find) that the main problem is global warming. But because 14.　　　　　 human greed, no one is really caring about the environmental risks and everyone is busy making money.
It is known that the rapid industrial growth has led to 15.　　　　　 large number of air and water pollution problems. Though there are environmental laws that these 16.　　　　　 (industry) need to follow to treat the waste most of the time the industry owners ignore these laws for their personal gain. Rapid construction has led to large land areas being covered with cement(水泥), meaning the flow of water becomes so strong 17.　　　　　 water run-off can't get absorbed by the soil, eventually leading to greater flooding.
18.　　　　　 (fortunate), there are still a lot of people who really care about the environment and are 19.　　　　　 (will) to work on environmental issues. Many societies and groups are working day and night 20.　　　　　 (make) people aware of the harmful effects of the pollution and other practices that are harmful to our environment.
答案全解全析
主题语境三　人与自然
第7单元　自然生态与环境保护
限时训练1　并列复合句和主从复合句
考点巩固练
考点1并列复合句
1.but　句意:这些侦探小说可能是虚构的,但它们为在屏幕上花费越来越多时间的中国年轻人提供了一个现实世界的选择。由句意可知,前后两个分句之间构成转折关系,所以空处填连词but。
2.while　句意:然而,这些墙的大部分在地震中遭到破坏,现在很长的部分出现了深深的裂缝,而其他部分已经倒塌。根据句意可知,前后文是对比关系。故填while。
3.or　句意:孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了,否则他们会如期到达湖边的营地。分析语境可知,前后两个分句表示相反的情况,or意为“否则,不然”,所以用连词or。
4.and　句意:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按下按钮,训练有素的代理人将为您提供所需的帮助。分析该句结构可知,该句使用了“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,故填and。
5.so　句意:他快迟到了,所以他没有坐公交车,而是打了一辆出租车。根据句意可知,设空处前文表示原因,后文表示结果,为因果关系,故用so连接并列分句。故填so。
6.but　句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫着喊他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到。根据句意可知,前后分句之间是转折关系,应用表示转折的连词but。故填but。
7.or　句意:多吃健康食品,不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。该句使用了“祈使句+or+陈述句”句型,表示“……否则……”,故填or。
8.and　句意:有很多人在公共汽车站等车,其中一些人看起来很焦虑和失望。根据many people waiting和looked very anxious and disappointed判断,前后分句之间是顺承关系。and连接两个分句,表示顺承关系。故填and。
考点2名词性从句
9.What　句意:来自美国的一家专科教学医院,麻省眼耳医院的科学家发现,你的鼻子细胞不仅会分泌黏液,还会产生一种叫做外泌体的小囊。分析句子结构可知,此处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,应用连接代词what引导,意为“……的事物”。句首单词首字母大写,故填What。
10.why　句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中句子成分完整,应该用连接副词引导,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
11.if/whether　句意:Cobb开始向邀请她发言的会议组织者询问她是否可以远程发言。本句为主从复合句,本句的句子结构分析如下:
to ask conference organizers
(
“ask sb. sth.”,ask后接双宾语,故空处引导宾语从句,根据语境可知,问的是“是否可以远程发言”,故填if或whether。
易错分析
　　该题题干中who invited her to speak为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词conference organizers,考生可能因为不能分析该句结构而写错答案。
12.how　句意:心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知,此处为连接词引导的宾语从句,作谓语动词involves的宾语,从句中不缺少主语和宾语,但句意不完整,表示“如何,怎样”的连接副词how符合语境。故填how。
13.where　句意:这个可怜的妇人不能给他提供任何关于她住在哪里的信息。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少地点状语,where“……的地方”符合语境,故填where。
14.that　句意:虽然它们很少出现在北纬88度以北,但有证据表明,它们的活动范围横跨北极,向南远至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
15.who　句意:我不知道谁更害怕,是我还是那只不知从哪儿突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,逗号后面是me or the female gorilla,因此用who。故填who。
考点3定语从句
16.where　句意:地震前,它是城市文化中心,舞蹈演员和说书人在这里表演。此处引导定语从句,先行词a cultural center是地点,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
联想拓展
　　表示模糊的地点和抽象意义的地点(常见的先行词有race, job, activity, case, atmosphere, situation, point, position, stage, degree等)充当先行词时,用where引导定语从句。如:Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
17.who/that　句意:袁隆平是中国著名的科学家,他毕生致力于发展高产水稻,为改善稻米品质做出了重大贡献。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientist,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用who或that引导。故填who或that。
18.whose　句意:服务员递给我一份菜单,但它主要是用中文写的,我完全看不懂汉字。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese,其与characters是所属关系,关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose,故填whose。
19.as　句意:然而,正如蕾切尔·卡逊在《明天的寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在现在仍然具有价值。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
联想拓展
　　which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活,可位于句前、句中,也可置于句后
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see, hear, know, expect, remember, guess, hope等
句意上 表示“这一点” 表示“正如/正像……”
20.which/that　句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个乐于接受现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a place,指物,在定语从句中充当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
21.that　句意:大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫栖息地的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为species,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词前面有all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
易错分析
　　 该题容易误填which。当先行词由不定代词all修饰时,关系代词用 that,不用which。考生往往会因为不知道此知识点而出错。
归纳总结
　　只用that 不用which的情况的口诀:very、only序最高,人物、不定that好。即先行词指物被the very、the only、序数词、形容词或副词最高级修饰时,或者先行词既包括人也包括物时,或者先行词指物且是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时,定语从句用that引导。
22.who　句意:曹晟康在八岁时因一场车祸失明,他在长达一千一百千米的旅程中,跨过了三个省的四十个县市。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
23.when　句意:2023年5月30日是一个值得纪念的日子,在这一天神舟十六号载人飞船成功发射。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词day,且从句中缺少时间状语,应用关系副词when来引导定语从句,故填when。
24.that/which　句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司使用大量塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a company,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,用关系代词that或which引导该从句,故填that或which。
25.which　句意:现在艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天上午九点到下午五点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店里工作,这家店是她和已故丈夫莱斯一起开的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the pet shop,指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语,故填which。
26.whom　考查定语从句。句意:这些文件向社区的年轻一代开放,这些材料最初就是从他们那里收集来的。先行词为the younger generation of communities,指人,关系词在从句中作from的宾语,用关系代词whom。故填whom。
27.who　句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中,充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。
28.which　句意:书面汉语也已经成为联系中国现在与过去的重要手段。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词means,指物,通常和介词by搭配,表示“通过……方式”,因此应用“介词+关系代词”,即by which引导定语从句。故填which。
29.why　句意:科学家们长期以来一直在寻找这么多蜜蜂正在消失的原因。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词reason,且关系词在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why引导定语从句,故填why。
30.which　句意:宠物的主人必须获得养狗许可证,证书上包括注册信息,如主人的信息和狗的品种。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为a dog license,指物,且从句中缺少主语,所以应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
考点4状语从句
31.Although/Though/While　句意:虽然城市可能看起来更复杂,但也有更多的线索帮助旅行者找到他们的路,例如,编号的街道。分析句子可知,设空处后面为一个从句,结合句意可知,这个从句与后面主句的内容构成让步关系,可用although、though或while引导让步状语从句,均是“虽然”之意,设空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Although、Though或While。
32.that　句意:这个分歧如此尖锐,以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填that。
33.whether　句意:无论是在工作中,在家里,还是在学校,我们都需要参与到节约能源中来。该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句,根据句意及后面的or可知,此处表示“无论……还是……”,whether符合题意。故填whether。
联想拓展
　　whether和if在引导宾语从句时,经常可以互换,但与or not直接连用时只能用whether,从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
34.because/since/as　句意:感到恐惧是有益于健康的,因为它能帮助你慢下来,正确评估风险。主句提到healthy(有益于健康的),从句部分则具体描述为何感到恐惧是有益于健康的,由此可知,空处引导原因状语从句,应用because、since或as。故填because、since或as。
35.As/When　句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的画家时,他们笑着指向河的下游。设空处引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时”,且从句中动词asked为非延续性动词,不能用while引导,故应用as或when引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填As或When。
36.until/till　句意:在那之后,我将油倒进平底锅里并打开炉子。我耐心等待,直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热,应使用until或till引导时间状语从句,故填until或till。
37.unless　句意:汤姆是如此独立,以至于他从来不征求父母的意见,除非他想得到他们的支持。根据设空处前后句意可知,设空处引导条件状语从句,表示“除非”,unless意为“除非,如果不”,故填unless。
38.If　句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上的很多动植物将会消失。动植物不消失的前提是阻止气候变化。if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。故填If。
39.where　句意:江苏地处“一带”和“一路”的交汇处,将为“一带一路”建设作出更大贡献。“be located in+地点名词”意为“位于/坐落在某地”,where引导的地点状语从句在此处相当于in someplace。故填where。
40.as　句意:随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切成小块,这样可以煮得快一点。as是连词,意为“随着”,引导时间状语从句,故填as。
综合强化练
1.that　考查名词性从句。句意:汉字发展的主要趋势是繁体字被简体字取代。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导表语从句,从句不缺少成分且句意完整,故填that。
2.While　考查状语从句。句意:当全家人在睡觉时,爸爸正在厨房准备早餐。分析题干可知,主句和从句的动作是同时进行的,所以空格处填引导时间状语从句的连词while,设空处位于句首,所填词首字母应大写。故填While。
3.Whether　考查名词性从句。句意:你是否能成功地获得知识取决于你工作的努力程度。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,和or not连用,表示“能否”,应用whether引导主语从句。设空处位于句首,所填词首字母应大写。故填Whether。
4.but/yet　考查并列复合句。句意:实际上,我七岁的时候就开始学功夫了,但我很久没有练习了。空前提到“我七岁的时候开始学功夫”,空后提到“很久没有练习了”。设空处前后应是转折关系。故填but或yet。
5.because/since/as　考查状语从句。句意:观众喜欢这些电视比赛,因为参赛者有机会跳出他们的日常生活,变得特别。分析设空处前后句意可知,前后内容构成因果关系,所以设空处引导原因状语从句,可用because、since或者as,三者都是“因为”之意,都可引导原因状语从句。故填because、since或as。
6.if/whether　考查名词性从句。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有喜欢做饭的人,那就问问他们,如果可能的话,你能不能加入。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if或whether。
7.that/which　考查定语从句。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,tool是先行词,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填that或which。
8.where　考查名词性从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,作介词than的宾语,宾语从句中缺地点状语。故填where。
9.while　考查并列复合句。句意:这个名字的字面意思是“龙脊”,因为梯田看起来就像龙鳞,而山顶就像脊梁骨。根据句意可知,while意为“而”,对比两件事物,the rice terraces look just like a dragon's scales和the mountain's summit resembles the backbone之间为对比关系。故填while。
10.how　考查名词性从句。句意:作为自然的建筑师,普韦布洛的印第安人很清楚土坯墙需要多厚才能保证在大多数日子里循环正常运行。 “　　　　　thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days”是宾语从句,作figured out的宾语。 由句意可知,该从句要用how引导。 how修饰形容词thick,意为“多么”。故填how。
11.that　考查名词性从句。句意:最后,我想表达我的愿望,希望所有的年轻人都能充分利用时间,因为岁月不等人。分析句子结构可知,all the young fellows can make full use of time是对名词hope内容的解释,故此处是同位语从句。从句不缺任何成分,故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
技巧点拨
　　that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释,引导词that只起连接作用,不可省略;定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制,that在从句中可以作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可以省略,有时可用which代替。试比较:
①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个校园。(同位语从句)
②The news (that/which) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的那个消息真令人失望。(定语从句)
12.when　考查定语从句。句意:但我与大熊猫的联系可追溯到20世纪80年代中期我做一档电视节目的日子,当时我是第一个获准拍摄一个照料在野生环境下被从饥饿中拯救的大熊猫的特别单元的西方电视台记者。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the mid-1980s,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
13.that　考查状语从句。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到达那里。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填that。
归纳总结
　　so that引导目的状语从句,so...that...引导结果状语从句,such...that...引导结果状语从句。such...that... 如此……以至于……,在该句型中such是限定词,它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带。如果其后是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。so...that... 如此……以至于……,so是副词,与形容词或副词连用,其结构是:so+adj./adv.+that从句。例:I am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open. 我太困了,眼睛几乎睁不开了。so that... 以便……,以致……,用so that(=in order that)引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用,当主句和从句主语一致时可转换为so as to do/in order to do。so that引导结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用。例:He turned up the TV a little so that he could hear the news clearly.=He turned up the TV a little so as to hear the news clearly. 他把电视的音量调大了一些,以便能清楚地听到新闻。(目的状语从句)
14.where　考查定语从句。句意:例如,在北京的一个俱乐部里,玩家们进入一个虚构的武术学校,在那里他们穿着戏服,扮演桃仙或龙之类的角色。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 fictional martial arts school,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
15.whose　考查定语从句。句意:她选的颜色装在一个盒子里,盒子里有一张女人的照片,那个女人的头发颜色看起来非常完美。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是woman,其与hair color之间是所属关系,应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
16.Unless　考查状语从句。句意:除非你睡得好,否则一两个晚上之后,你就会无法集中注意力,无法做计划,也无法保持动力了。根据句意可知,设空处引导条件状语从句,表示“除非”,unless意为“除非,如果不”。设空处位于句首,所填词首字母应大写。故填Unless。
17.if　考查状语从句。句意:担忧是如果我们不尽快将这种垃圾带出太空,它将对现役卫星构成重大威胁。整个句子是主系表结构,The fear是主语,that引导表语从句,空处引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,应用if。故填if。
18.which　考查定语从句。句意:我们希望在未来的几十年里,科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。分析句子结构可知,“介词from+设空处”引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词perspectives,指物。故填which。
19.and　考查并列复合句。句意:我一直对太空探索感兴趣,并且我相信我可以从他那里学到很多关于太空探索的东西。分析语境可知,前后分句之间是并列关系,and意为“并且”。故填and。
20.who　考查定语从句。句意:不过,和顶级模特同台表演过的萨拉想要证明自己不仅美丽,而且聪明。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Sarah,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用who引导定语从句。故填who。
21.Although/Though/While　考查状语从句。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知,设空处引导让步状语从句,且位于句首,所填词首字母应大写。故填Although、Though或While。
素养提升练
A
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了银杏树的历史、产地、特征、用途等。
1.dating　考查现在分词。句意:银杏树被认为是现存最古老的树木之一,可以追溯到2.9亿多年前。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语是is thought,所以设空处应用非谓语动词。date与其逻辑主语The ginkgo tree之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词作状语。故填dating。
技巧点拨
　　若句中已有谓语动词,设空处又不在句中作并列谓语,所要填的通常是非谓语动词,此时需进一步确定使用非谓语动词的哪种形式。doing表示主动、正在进行;done表示被动、完成;to do表示尚未发生的动作。
2.to　考查介词。句意:它原产于中国、日本、韩国和朝鲜,但现在也生长在欧洲和美国。be native to意为“原产于……”,为固定搭配。故填to。
3.normally　考查副词。句意:银杏是一种大型树木,通常高达二十到三十五米,在中国有些树甚至超过五十米。设空处应用副词修饰现在分词reaching。normally意为“通常”。故填normally。
4.and　考查连词。句意:成年树有一个大的树冠和长长的树枝,它通常有很深的根,可以抵抗风雪的损害。根据句意可知,两个分句之间为并列关系,故用and连接。故填and。
5.resistance　考查名词。句意:由于具有对疾病和昆虫的抵抗力,一些树木据称已有2,500多年的树龄。根据空前的介词of可知,设空处应用名词,再结合空后的“to diseases and insects”可知,这里表示抵抗力,resistance意为“抵抗力”,为不可数名词。故填resistance。
6.are claimed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。claim sb./sth. to be...意为“声称某人/某物是……”。结合上下文时态并根据句意可知,这里陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时。some of the trees和claim之间是被动关系,这里应用被动语态。主语表示复数,所以谓语应用复数形式。故填are claimed。
7.a　考查冠词。句意:但在秋天,它们会变成亮黄色,然后落下,这构成了一种美丽的景色。scene意为“风光,景色”,为可数名词。这里表示泛指,且空后的beautiful的发音以辅音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
8.which/that　考查定语从句。句意:果实有柔软、肉质、黄棕色的外层,外观诱人。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词outer layer,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用which或that引导。故填which或that。
9.have been　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:由于银杏树已经存在了很长时间,人们将其用于多种目的。根据句中的时间状语“for so long”可知,这里应用现在完成时,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,而且还有可能继续下去。从句主语ginkgoes是复数,谓语应用复数形式。故填have been。
10.to support　考查动词不定式。句意:它通常用于记忆和思维疾病、视力疾病和许多其他疾病,但其中的大多数用途没有很好的科学依据支撑。此处应用不定式作后置定语,修饰名词evidence。故填to support。
熟词生义
1.problem　熟义:n.困难　生义:n.疾病
2.condition　熟义:n.状态　生义:n.疾病
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了环境问题产生的原因。
11.which　考查定语从句。句意:人类已经造成了一种情况,在这种情况下,普通事件越来越多地上升到自然灾害的程度,造成了人类生命和财产的重大损失。分析句子结构可知,空处应填入定语从句的关系词。先行词是situation,表示抽象地点,定语从句用“in which”引导,相当于where。故填which。
12.causing　考查现在分词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,空处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意可知,此处作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填causing。
联想拓展
　　现在分词作状语表示自然而然的结果;不定式作状语表示意想不到的结果,其前常加only。试比较:①More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国建了更多的公路,这使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方的出行变得容易多了。
②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治在战争结束后回到家,结果被告知妻子已经离开了他。
13.have found　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:多年来,研究这一主题的科学家们发现,主要问题是全球变暖。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据句中时间状语Over the years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语scientists 为复数,谓语应用复数。故填have found。
14.of　考查介词。句意:但由于人类的贪婪,没有人真正关心环境风险,每个人都忙于赚钱。because of是固定短语,意为“由于,因为”。故填of。
15.a　考查冠词。句意:众所周知,工业的快速增长导致了大量的空气和水污染问题。a large number of 是固定短语,意为“大量的”。故填a。
16.industries　考查名词复数。句意:尽管这些行业需要遵守环境法来处理废物,但大多数时候,行业所有者为了个人收益而无视这些法律。根据空格前的these 可知,此处应用可数名词复数形式。故填industries。
17.that　考查状语从句。句意:快速的建设导致大片区域被水泥覆盖,这意味着水流变得如此强劲,以至于径流无法被土壤吸收,最终导致更大的洪水。分析句子结构可知, 此处为“so+形容词+that”引导的结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
18.Fortunately　考查副词。句意:幸运的是,仍然有很多人真正关心环境,并愿意致力于环境问题。分析句子结构可知,空处应用副词作状语。根据句意可知,此处指“幸运地”,应用fortunately,置于句首首字母应大写。故填Fortunately。
19.willing　考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,空处应用形容词作表语。be willing to do sth.是固定短语,意为“乐意做某事”。故填willing。
20.to make　考查动词不定式。句意:许多协会和团体夜以继日地工作,让人们意识到污染和其他损害环境的做法造成的有害影响。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作状语。根据句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
熟词生义
gain　熟义:v.获得　生义:n.利润,经济收益
难句分析
原句　Rapid construction has led to large land areas being covered with cement, meaning the flow of water becomes so strong that water run-off can't get absorbed by the soil, eventually leading to greater flooding.
分析　本句是主从复合句。该句中现在分词meaning、leading to作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果;其中meaning后的部分为省略了that的宾语从句;so...that引导结果状语从句。
译文　快速的建设导致大片区域被水泥覆盖,这意味着水流变得如此强劲,以至于径流无法被土壤吸收,最终导致更大的洪水。