第8单元 灾害防范与宇宙探索
限时训练1 情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式
限时55分钟
考点 巩固练
考点1 情态动词
1.It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
2.—Ethan is asking whether he must attend the meeting tomorrow.
—Well, he not, if he has something else to do.
3.During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn't stop thinking that building it have been a huge project in ancient times.
4.Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter go and do the opposite.
5.One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.
考点2 虚拟语气
6.You shouldn't (interrupt) the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards.
7.He recommended she (do) some research about what a healthy candy would contain.
8.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance) as well as her.
9.Look at the trouble I am in! If only I (follow) your advice.
10.Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could (make) six salads with what I threw out.(2022新高考Ⅰ)
11.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he (focus) more on its culture.
12.This printer is of good quality. If it (break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
13.It is requested that every student (make) a plan for the next semester.
14.They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.
15.If we (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
16.Last year, DC Central Kitchen recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would (rot) in fields.(2022新高考Ⅰ改编)
17.The teacher's requirement is that every student (recite) the passage in 20 minutes.
考点3 特殊句式
18.It (be) Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
19.The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this distinguishes humans from machines.(2023浙江1月)
20.Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. (2022新高考Ⅰ)
21.To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).(2023新课标Ⅰ)
22.While (sleep), people are in particular danger of an emergent fire, and there must be a detector outside each sleeping area.
23.Once (attach) to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.
24.In the middle of the square (stand) a stone with a statue of a hero on top of it.
25.Lucy's father, looking very angry, stopped criticizing as if (expect) Lucy to apologize to him for cheating.
26.It is with your generous help I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.
27.It was my math teacher I met on the way home.
28.These days is the plants and animals that are its biggest attractions.
29.It was not until she participated in a reality show and became a restaurant waitress her situation began to improve dramatically.
30.Attached to the photos (be) several lines from Prologue to the Collection of Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion, an ancient Chinese calligraphy masterpiece by famous Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
31.Behind Zibo's sudden fame (be) the efforts and services of the local government, as well as a good reputation of local businesses, which receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online.
32.Not only (do) singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation.
33.Although (refer) to as Beijing Opera, it originated from Southern Anhui. It is widely recognised that it came into being after 1790 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes came to Beijing.
34.But do you know the origin of the festival Legend has it the Weaver Girl met and fell in love with a cowherd.
35.ChatGPT has spread like wildfire across social media. However, hot on the heels of ChatGPT (come) Google's Bard chatbot.
36.As is said in the ancient book, The Hermeneutics of the Spring and Autumn Annals, “It is on the autumn equinox day that yin and yang are in a balance of power. Thus the day and night are of equal length, and are the cold and hot weather.”
37. different life is today from that it used to be ten years ago!
38.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was!
综合 强化练
单句语法填空
1.The proposal on the website that no animal (kill) in front of other animals aroused a heated discussion.
2.If the new safety system (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
3. (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
4.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River (lie) one of the largest cities in China.
5.But it was a 1960 trip to visit her sister in San Francisco set Chiang on her unintentional path to cooking.
6.No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage the audience broke into thunderous applause.
7.This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when (move) objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.(2022全国甲)
8.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the (hot) the spring! (2021新高考Ⅰ)
9.As in the early history of the United States, it was the English set up the colonies in America.
10.We all wonder why it is so many students and their families are visiting Boston-area schools, such as Harvard, in their summer holidays.
11.Hardly (have) the heroes got off their horses when the host came over and greeted them without his hat.
12.But I wanted to prove to myself that hard the condition was, I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.
13.In the US, only when someone sits in the driver's seat (be) driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states.
14.It is required that under no circumstances we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.
15.Between the two generations, it is often not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding.
16. you be fired, you could come directly to my company.
17.Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
18.When you've finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on the shelf, you
19.The door burst open and in (rush) the crowd, shouting with anger.
素养 提升练
语法填空
A
China's space project sets sail for the sea of stars
The Mengtian lab module successfully 1. (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab module at China's space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday.
Mengtian is the 2. (two) lab module of the space station and the first one is Wentian that was connected with Tianhe 3. (previous). With the two lab modules now docked(对接) with the core module, the T-shaped structure of the space station has taken shape up to now. The space station has entered its final construction stage as 4. (plan).
This smooth progress should be owed to scientists and engineers and all those 5. devotion and hard work has made the space station 6. reality. China has never abandoned its 7. (ambition) goal of acquiring advanced space capabilities and becoming a pioneer in the exploration of space, so as 8. (help) expand our knowledge of the universe. China's pride in its space achievements is also an expression of thanks 9. people who have made contributions. The insistence on the space missions being well-prepared, well-organized and well-implemented(有效执行的) has been the 10. (found) on which China's aerospace industry has continually reached new heights.
B
China Daily—Feb. 9, 2023. Civilian rescue workers across the nation are rushing to join China's official rescue team to find 11. (survive) from the ruins of destroyed buildings in Turkey, hit by a major earthquake of 7.8 magnitude(震级) on Monday, Feb. 6th.
12. powerful earthquake caused severe and widespread destruction and damage in Turkey and neighboring Syria at 4:17 am local time on Monday, followed by hundreds of aftershocks, 13. (claim) more than 11,000 lives in the two nations as of Wednesday.
Many civilian teams actively joined rescue work when China provided aid for Turkey and neighboring Syria. Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday 14. (be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, 15. members come from different provinces of China. Besides, the China's 82-member official rescue team, with large amounts of disaster relief materials and equipment 16. board, landed in Adana in southern Turkey at 4:30 am local time on Wednesday. The Chinese team, with certification from the UN, 17. (comprise) high-quality and well-equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations 18. (efficient) at the same time in two locations. Overseas branches of Chinese companies are also lending a helping hand. Chinese machinery giant Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group has assigned its branch in Turkey 19. (join) the relief efforts, with dozens of pieces of equipment 20. (station) to help in the rescue work.
答案全解全析
第8单元 灾害防范与宇宙探索
限时训练1 情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式
考点巩固练
考点1情态动词
1.could 考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开几英里都见不到其他人,但现在到处都是房子和人。could和can都表示可能,表示对客观可能性的推测。根据句意可知,此处是对过去一种客观可能的描述。故填could。
2.need 考查情态动词。句意:——Ethan在问他是否必须参加明天的会议。——嗯,如果他有别的事要做,就不用了。根据句意可知,此处谈论他是否有必要参会。needn't表示“不必;不需要”,满足句意要求。故填need。
3.must 考查情态动词。句意:上周我们去长城旅行的时候,我一直在想,在古代修建长城一定是一项浩大的工程。根据句意可知,此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测,用must have done,意为“一定……”。故填must。
4.must 考查情态动词。句意:当然,在我告诉我女儿该干什么之后,她非得去做相反的事。根据句意可知,此处must表示“偏偏,非得”,是must独有的一个含义。
5.shall 考查情态动词。句意:我们的规定之一就是每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。shall用于第三人称作主语的陈述句中,表示规定、条约、法律和合同等明确的义务。由本句中rules一词可知,这是在介绍校规,故填shall。
考点2虚拟语气
6.have interrupted 考查虚拟语气。句意:你本不该打断会议告诉我那个的。你本能够后来再来跟我说的。根据后面的could have come可知,此处是对过去事情的虚拟,应用“情态动词+have done”形式,故填 have interrupted。
7.(should) do 考查虚拟语气。句意:他建议她做一些关于健康糖果应该含有什么成分的研究。recommend 后的that从句中常用虚拟语气,从句中谓语用“should do”形式,其中should可以省略,故填should do 或do。
8.danced 考查虚拟语气。句意:Ellen是一个超棒的舞者。我希望我能跳得和她一样棒。wish后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气,此处是对现在情况的虚拟,故从句需要使用一般过去时。故填danced。
归纳总结
wish后跟宾语从句时,从句常用虚拟语气,表示与现在相反或实现的可能性不大的情况时,用一般过去时;表示与过去相反的情况时,要用过去完成时;表示与将来相反的情况时,要用“would/could do”形式。
9.had followed 考查虚拟语气。句意:看看我(现在)遇到的麻烦!要是我听了你的建议就好了。根据语境可知,“我”因为过去没听“你”的建议,所以现在处境困难。因此If only句型中表示的是与过去事实(没听“你”的建议)相反的情况。故填had followed。
归纳总结
if only表示“如果……就好了”,常用虚拟语气。表示与现在相反的情况时,用一般过去时;表示与过去相反的情况时,要用过去完成时。only if表示“只有”。
10.have made 考查虚拟语气。句意:更糟糕的是,我不计后果地买了太多,我扔掉的那些都够我做六份沙拉了。根据句意可知,事实情况是“我”扔掉了坏掉的菜,所以做六份沙拉是与过去事实相反的情况,需要使用虚拟语气。could have done表示某事本来该做却没有做。故填 have made。
11.focused 考查虚拟语气。句意:乔治将要谈论他的国家的地理,但是我宁愿他专注于它的文化。根据句意可知,事实情况是乔治将要谈论地理,因此would rather后面的部分是对将来情况的虚拟。在would rather后的从句中,对于将来的虚拟需要使用一般过去时,故填focused。
归纳总结
would rather后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来的情况相反时,从句用一般过去时;表示与过去的情况相反时,从句用过去完成时。
12.(should) break 考查虚拟语气。句意:这台打印机质量很好的。如果第一年内坏了,我们出钱修理。实际情况是打印机质量很好,所以一年之内坏掉是一种对未来的情况的虚拟。在if条件句中,表示对将来的虚拟时,从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”形式,故填should break或break。
归纳总结
虚拟的 时间 条件从句的 谓语形式 主句的 谓语形式
对现在情况的虚拟 动词过去式(be常用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形
对过去情况的虚拟 过去完成时(had done) would/should/could/might+have done
对将来情况的虚拟 ①动词过去式(be常用were); ②were+不定式;③(should+)动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形
13.(should) make 考查虚拟语气。句意:据要求,每位学生都要制订一个下学期的计划。此处为“It is requested that...”结构,that引导主语从句,从句中谓语动词需要使用“should+动词原形”形式,其中should可以省略,故填make或should make。
归纳总结
在“It is suggested/required/ordered that...”结构中,从句常用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,其中should可以省略。
14.had driven 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多行驶几千米的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“They might have found a better hotel”可知,该句表示对过去的虚拟。表示对过去的情况的虚拟,从句部分要用过去完成时,故填 had driven。
15.had caught 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上那趟航班的话,我们现在就会在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反的情况,故用“had done”形式。故填had caught。
16.have rotted 考查虚拟语气。句意:去年,DC Central Kitchen通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品的方式回收了超过807,500镑的食物,否则这些农产品会烂在田间。otherwise的出现暗示此处表示和过去事实相反的情况,这是一个含蓄条件句,结合时间状语Last year可知,此处表示对过去的虚拟。故填have rotted。
17.(should) recite 考查虚拟语气。句意:老师的要求是每位学生在20分钟内背诵这篇文章。requirement意为“要求”,其后的表语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略,故填recite或should recite。
归纳总结
表示“建议,主张,要求,命令”的名词后的表语从句中,谓语常用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。常见的这类名词有proposal、suggestion、advise、demand、requirement、order。
考点3特殊句式
18.was 考查强调句。句意:是Mike和Mary几天前帮助了老人。分析句子可知,去掉It、设空处和who后,句子成分和意义完整,由此可知此处为强调句型“It is/was...that/who...”,根据“several days ago”并结合句意可以确定此处应用一般过去时,故填was。
19.that 考查强调句。句意:赋予意义的规则不仅仅存在于我们的头脑里,也存在于社会、社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系此类外在的东西中。正是这一点区别了人类和机器。分析句子可知,去掉句中的It is和设空处后,剩下的“this distinguishes humans from machines”仍然是意义和语法完整的一句话,由此可知此处为强调句,强调this,this指代前面的内容,故填that。
20.the 考查固定结构。句意:GPNP占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。倍数表达中可使用“倍数+the+n.+of...”结构,因此size前面应用冠词the。the+n.+of+sth.也可以使用sth.'s+n.的形式替换,即the size of Yellowstone National Park也可使用Yellowstone National Park's size 的形式替换。
21.or 考查连词。句意:想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,冒着汤汁溢出的风险,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆裂。whether...or...表示“是……还是……”,是固定搭配,故填or。
难句分析
To eat one, you have to decide
a spill, or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,
22.sleeping 考查状语从句的省略。句意:人们在睡觉时特别容易受到紧急火灾的威胁,每个睡觉区域外都必须有一个探测器。结合空前的While可知,此处为状语从句的省略形式,逻辑主语是people,与sleep之间是主动关系,完整形式为“While people are sleeping”,当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词时,从句可以省略主语和be动词,此处省略了people are,故填sleeping。
23.attached 考查状语从句的省略。句意:一旦连接到轨道上,汽车将由系统提供电力,且车辆的控制将传递给中央计算机。此处是Once引导的状语从句的省略,逻辑主语是the car,和动词attach是被动关系,完整形式为“Once it is attached to the rail”,当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词时,从句可以省略主语和be动词。故填attached。
24.stands 考查倒装句。句意:在广场的中央矗立着一块石头,上面有一个英雄的雕像。分析句子可知,设空处为句子的谓语,地点状语In the middle of the square位于句首,句子需要完全倒装,即将句子的谓语动词提到主语的前面。此处表述客观事实,应用一般现在时,句子的主语为a stone,为第三人称单数形式。故填stands。
25.expecting 考查状语从句的省略。句意:露西的父亲看起来很生气,停止了批评, 好像在期待露西为欺骗向他道歉。此处是状语从句的省略,即当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词时,从句可以省略主语和be动词,逻辑主语是Lucy's father,和动词expect是主动关系,完整形式为“as if he was expecting Lucy to apologize to him for cheating”,省略主语和be动词,故填expecting。
26.that 考查强调句。句意:正是有了您的慷慨帮助,我坚信我会尽快适应大学生活。分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句,强调状语“with your generous help”。故填that。
27.that/who 考查强调句。句意:我在回家的路上遇到的是我的数学老师。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句,强调宾语“my math teacher”。故填that或who。
28.it 考查强调句。句意:如今,植物和动物是它最吸引人的东西。去掉设空处、is及that后,句子结构、意义依然完整,可知此处考查强调句型,强调主语“the plants and animals”,故填it。
29.that 考查强调句。句意:直到她参加了一个真人秀节目,成为一名餐馆服务员,她的情况才开始显著改善。分析句子结构可知此处为not...until...的强调句形式“It was not until...that...”,故填that。
30.were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:附在照片上的是《兰亭集序》中的几句,《兰亭集序》是中国东晋著名书法家王羲之的中国古代书法杰作。分析句子可知,设空处为句子的谓语动词,此处陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时;该句为过去分词短语置于句首的倒装,主语是several lines,故谓语动词应用复数形式,故填were。
31.are 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:淄博突然成名的背后是当地政府的努力和服务,以及当地企业的良好声誉,这些得到了游客的好评,他们在网上分享了他们的经历。此处讲述一般性事实,应用一般现在时,该句是全部倒装,主语为the efforts and services of the local government,是复数形式,所以谓语用复数形式,故填are。本句的句子结构分析如下:
the local government, as well as a good reputation of local
experiences online.
Behind Zibo's sudden fame是一个介词短语,而介词短语是不能作主语的,而后面的the efforts and services of the local government是可以作主语的,因此可以断定,句子是因介词短语提前而引起的全部倒装,根据下文定语从句的时态并结合句意判断句子用一般现在时。
32.does 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:唱歌不仅有助于增加你的肺活量,还有助于促进血液循环。本句是由not only置于句首引起的部分倒装,设空处应用助动词,主语为singing,结合helps可知,时态应为一般现在时,因此设空处用第三人称单数形式,故填does。
33.referred 考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然被称为京剧,但它起源于皖南。分析句子可知,逗号前面的部分在句中作状语,此处为状语从句的省略,完整形式为“Although it is referred to as Beijing Opera”,主从句主语一致或从句主语是it,且谓语部分含be动词时,可同时省略从句的主语和be动词。故填referred。
34.that 考查固定句型。句意:传说织女遇见了一个牧牛人,并爱上了他。“Legend has it that...”是固定句型,意为“传说……,相传……”,故填that。
es 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:然而,紧随ChatGPT之后的是谷歌的Bard聊天机器人。设空处在句中作谓语,hot on the heels of ChatGPT为句子的状语,为了保持句子平衡,状语置于句首时,句子用全部倒装,即将谓语动词提到主语前面,句子描述一般性事实,应用一般现在时,主语是Google's Bard chatbot,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填comes。
36.so 考查固定句型。句意:正如古籍《春秋繁露》中所说:“秋分者,阴阳相半也,故昼夜均而寒暑平。(正是在秋分之日,阴阳处于平衡状态。因此,白天和夜晚是一样长的,寒冷和炎热的天气也是如此。)”so代指前文中的情况也适用于后者。故填so。
37.How 考查感叹句。句意:如今的生活和10年前的生活是多么不同啊!结合句意可调整语序为“life is different today from that it used to be ten years ago”,different是形容词提前,应用how引出感叹句。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填How。
38.What 考查感叹句。句意:那位小男孩骑着自行车全速冲下机动车道。这是多么危险的一个场景啊!结合句意调整语序为“it was a dangerous scene”,被调整到前面的a dangerous scene是一个名词短语,应使用what引出感叹句。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填What。
综合强化练
1.(should) be killed 考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:网站上关于任何动物都不应该在其他动物面前被杀的提议引起了热烈的讨论。及物动词kill与主语no animal之间为被动关系。proposal表示“提议”,其后的同位语从句中常用虚拟语气,从句中谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略,故填(should) be killed。
2.had been put 考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用,这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定此处是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用“had done”形式,safety system与put之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填had been put。
3.Were 考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中,be动词的过去式统一用were;当使用虚拟语气时,if引导的条件状语从句可以省略if,从句部分应使用部分倒装结构,即将be动词、情态动词或助动词提前。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Were。
4.lies 考查完全倒装和主谓一致。句意:在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处坐落着中国最大的城市之一。分析句子可知,介词短语位于句首,设空处为句子的谓语,而介词短语不能充当句子的主语,因此可以判定句子发生了因介词短语提前而出现的完全倒装,后面的one of the largest cities in China才是主语。本句陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时。故填lies。
5.that 考查强调句。句意:但让江在无意中走上烹饪之路的是1960年去旧金山看望姐姐的旅行。此处是强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”,强调“a 1960 trip to visit her sister in San Francisco”,故填that。
6.than 考查特殊句式。句意:莫言刚一走上台,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than...为固定句型,表示“一……就……”。故填than。
归纳总结
除no sooner...than...外,表达“一……就……”的句型还有hardly/scarcely...when/before...。这两个句型的时态规律:主句常用过去完成时,从句常用一般过去时。hardly/scarcely...when/before...表示“当……时,刚做完某事”,所以“刚做完某事”在“当……时”之前,所以主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
7.moving 考查状语从句的省略。句意:这表明,戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在空间中移动物体时确实拥有一种异心参照系,类似于两岁的婴儿。分析句子可知,此处为when引导的时间状语从句,当从句主语和主句主语一致且谓语中含有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,该从句中省略了主语Goffin's cockatoos和be动词are。故填moving。
8.hotter 考查特殊句式。句意:这个温泉的神奇之处在于(周围环境的)温度越低,这个温泉的温度就越高!“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,越……”。根据本句中的“the colder the temperature gets”可知此处应填hotter。
9.that/who 考查强调句。句意:在美国早期历史中,是英国人在美洲建立了殖民地。此处考查强调句型,被强调部分为the English,指人,故填that或who。
10.that 考查强调句。句意:我们都想知道为什么有那么多学生和他们的家人在暑假期间参观波士顿地区的学校,如哈佛大学。分析句子可知,此处考查强调句的特殊疑问句形式,故填that。
11.had 考查倒装句。句意:英雄们刚下马,主人就走了过来,没戴帽子跟他们打招呼。分析句子结构可知,否定词位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装,即把助动词、be动词或情态动词提到主语前。在“hardly...when...”结构中,主句使用过去完成时,从句使用一般过去时,故填had。
12.as/though 考查倒装句。句意:但我想向自己证明,尽管情况很艰难,但我还没有筋疲力尽。没有什么能阻挡我的路。分析句子可知,此处是倒装结构:名词(形容词)+as/though+主语+系动词,即as/though引导的让步状语从句,符合句意,故填as/though。
13.are 考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意:在美国,只有当有人坐在驾驶座上时,无人驾驶汽车才允许在某些州上路。only接状语从句位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把助动词、be动词或情态动词提前。该句中主句的正常语序应是“driverless cars (be) allowed on roads in certain states”,主语driverless cars是复数形式,句子陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填are。
14.should 考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意:要求我们在任何情况下都不能背叛自己,即使有金钱或美貌这样的诱惑。“It is required that...”为固定句型,that引导的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气,从句中谓语用“(should+)动词原形”形式,在主语从句中,under no circumstances置于句首,从句使用部分倒装,所以此处填should,位于主语we前面。
15.but 考查固定结构。句意:在两代人之间,往往不是他们的年龄而是受教育程度导致了误解。此处为强调句,强调主语“often not their age, their education”,结合前面的not可知此处使用了not...but...的结构,意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
16.Should 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你被解雇了,你可以直接来我的公司。根据句意及句子结构可知,逗号前为if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式,并使用了虚拟语气。当使用虚拟语气的条件从句中有were/should/had(助动词)时,可以省略if,将were/should/had(助动词)提到主语前面,构成部分倒装,即Should you be fired=If you should be fired。设空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Should。
17.was fixing 考查固定句型。分析句子可知,此处为“be doing...when...”句型,表示一个动作正在进行,这时另一个动作突然发生。此处描述过去发生的事情,且主语为第三人称单数,故填was fixing。
18.will/can 考查祈使句的反意疑问句。句意:当你读完那本书时,别忘了把它放回书架上,行吗 陈述部分为否定的祈使句,附加问句应用will you或can you。故填will或can。
19.rushed 考查完全倒装和时态。句意:门一下开了,人群涌进来,愤怒地喊着。and连接并列分句,在后一分句中,表示方向的词in置于句首,主语为the crowd,构成全部倒装,由语境可知此处用一般过去时。故填rushed。
素养提升练
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了周二凌晨,梦天实验舱在天宫空间站成功与天和核心舱和问天实验舱对接的相关情况。
1.joined 考查动词的时态。句意:周二凌晨,梦天实验舱在中国天宫空间站成功与天和核心舱和问天实验舱对接。根据时间状语on the early morning of Tuesday可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填joined。
2.second 考查数词。句意:“梦天”是空间站的第二个实验舱,第一个实验舱是此前与天和对接的“问天”。表示“第二”应用序数词second。
3.previously 考查副词。设空处修饰was connected with,应用副词,故填previously。
4.planned 考查过去分词。句意:空间站已按计划进入最后建设阶段。此处为状语从句的省略形式,当从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语为it,且谓语中含有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,The space station与plan之间是被动关系,故填planned。
5.whose 考查定语从句。句意:这次(项目)进展顺利应该归功于科学家和工程师,以及所有那些为使空间站成为现实而奉献和辛勤工作的人。设空处无提示词,空前为those,those和devotion and hard work构成所属关系,所以设空处引导定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,故填whose。
6.a 考查冠词。分析句子可知此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,reality表示“事实;实际经历”时为可数名词,make sth. a reality“使某事成为现实”。故填a。
7.ambitious 考查形容词。句意:中国从未放弃获得先进空间能力、成为太空探索先锋的宏伟目标,以帮助扩大我们对宇宙的认识。设空处修饰名词goal,应用形容词,作定语,故填ambitious。
8.to help 考查不定式。so as to do sth.表示“为了做某事”。故填to help。
9.to 考查介词。句意:中国因其航天成就而自豪也是在表达对做出贡献的人们的感谢。thanks to sb.表示“对某人的感谢”。故填to。
10.foundation 考查名词。句意:坚持准备好、组织好、执行好太空任务是中国航空航天工业不断达到新高度的基础。设空处作表语,结合空前的the可知此处应用名词foundation。
难句分析
原句 This smooth progress should be owed to scientists and engineers and all those whose devotion and hard work has made the space station a reality.
分析 本句是主从复合句。whose引导定语从句,修饰先行词those,本句中those指代人,“made the space station a reality”为“make+宾语+宾补”结构。
译文 这次(项目)进展顺利应该归功于科学家和工程师,以及所有那些为使空间站成为现实而奉献和辛勤工作的人。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了土耳其发生7.8级大地震,来自中国的救援人员积极赶往土耳其,从被毁的建筑物废墟中寻找幸存者的事情。
11.survivors 考查名词的数。设空处作宾语,由语境可知应用名词,survivor是可数名词,不止一位幸存者,所以用复数形式,故填survivors。
12.The 考查冠词。句意:当地时间周一凌晨4点17分,这场强烈地震在土耳其和邻国叙利亚造成了严重而广泛的破坏,随后发生了数百次余震,截至周三,夺去了这两个国家的一万一千多人的生命。由上下文可知,这里的earthquake是指上文提到的土耳其地震,表示特指。故填The。
13.claiming 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作结果状语,claim与其逻辑主语earthquake之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。故填claiming。claim在此处表示“夺去(生命)”。
14.was 考查倒装、时态和主谓一致。句意:周三启程前往土耳其的民间团队中包括蓝天救援,这是一个非营利的中国民间组织,其成员来自中国不同的省。由语境可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。此处为完全倒装,主语是Blue Sky Rescue,故填was。
15.whose 考查定语从句。句意见上题。分析句子结构可知,“ members come from different provinces of China”是定语从句,先行词是organization,设空处在从句中作定语,故填whose。
16.on 考查介词。句意:此外,中国82人的官方救援队在飞机上携带大量救灾物资和设备,于当地时间周三凌晨4点30分抵达土耳其南部的阿达纳。这里考查介词短语on board,意为“在飞机上”。故填on。
prised 考查动词的时态。句意:获得联合国认证的中国团队由高素质、装备精良的人员组成,有能力在两个地点同时高效地开展搜救行动。设空处为句子谓语,由语境可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。故填comprised。
18.efficiently 考查副词。句意见上题。分析句子可知,设空处修饰动词短语carry out,应用副词。故填efficiently。
19.to join 考查动词不定式。句意:中国机械巨头徐州工程机械集团已指派其在土耳其的分公司加入救援活动,并部署了许多台设备来帮助救援工作。assign...to do sth.是固定用法,表示“指派……做某事”。故填to join。
20.stationed 考查过去分词。句意见上题。分析句子结构可知,此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,动词station和equipment是逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,表示被动。故填stationed。
熟词生义
1.claim 熟义:v.宣称;声称 生义:v.夺走;夺去(生命)
2.station 熟义:n.火车站 生义:v.安置,派驻
难句分析
原句 Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday was Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from different provinces of China.
分析 句子主干部分为一个倒装句“Among the civilian teams was Blue Sky Rescue”,其中that引导定语从句,修饰teams;a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization是Blue Sky Rescue的同位语,进行解释和说明;“whose members come from different provinces of China”是定语从句,修饰organization。
译文 周三启程前往土耳其的民间团队中包括蓝天救援,这是一个非营利的中国民间组织,其成员来自中国不同的省。