第8单元 灾害防范与宇宙探索 限时训练2【突破验收卷】高三英语一轮话题复习（答案解析案）

第8单元　灾害防范与宇宙探索
限时训练2
限时30分钟
Ⅰ　阅读理解
A
　　It's most people's nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But this was reality for four Colombian children, and in an incredible story, they survived.
The children, aged 13, 9 and 4, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San José del Guaviare. The single-engine plane on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children's mother.
How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have a better understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on juan soco (a fruit similar to passion fruit) and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane.
While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogot .
While many around the world have taken this survival story of resilience to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and sustenance. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.
1.What can we learn about the crash in the first two paragraphs
A.The plane knocked into another one.　　　　B.The rescue team failed to arrive immediately.
C.The mother managed to survive at last.　　　　D.The kids shared a jungle with adults.
2.Why did the kids successfully survive
A.They kept calm in the plane crash.　　　　B.Enough food was found on the plane.
C.They were familiar with the rainforest.　　　　D.Native volunteers offered food and water.
3.What does the underlined word “resilience” mean in the last paragraph
A.Toughness.　　　　B.Competition.　　　　C.Evolution.　　　　D.Creation.
4.What does the author suggest from the survival story
A.Emergency help should be improved.　　　　B.One who is knowledgeable lives long.
C.We should sharpen children's living skills.　　　　D.It is worthwhile to be in harmony with nature.
B
　　Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests thrive as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their ability to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying ability. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture(水分), so they grow and thrive, fixing the forest's ability to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to be spared from insects. The landscape is less easily burnable. The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030—financed from the profit of the state's emissions(排放)-permit auctions(拍卖). That's only a small share of the total land area that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize(优先考虑) areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
5.What does the author imply in Paragraph 1
A.Forests may become a potential threat.
B.Extreme weather conditions may arise.
C.People may misunderstand global warming.
D.Global climate change may get out of control.
6.What does California's Forest Carbon Plan intend to do
A.To expand the forest planting area.
B.To recover its forests quickly after wildfires.
C.To reduce the young trees and brush in some forests.
D.To find more effective ways to kill insects in the forests.
7.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 4
A.To obtain enough financial support.
B.To carry it out before the year 2020.
C.To handle the areas in serious danger first.
D.To improve emissions-permit auctions procedures.
8.What is the author's attitude towards California's Forest Carbon Plan
A.Worried.　　　　B.Uncaring.　　　　C.Doubtful.　　　　D.Favorable.
Ⅱ　七选五
　　Hurricane seasons can be wild and unpredictable. 1.　　　 Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather, even if you need to move out.
2.　　　 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds. Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions. Buy sheets of plywood, measure your windows and use brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place.
Sandbags are very useful. While sandbags won't be able to help in the extreme storm, many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. 3.　　　 Any storm water that is kept out of your home won't be able to damage the belongings inside your home, so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.
It's important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain. But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house, too. Trim(修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 4.　　
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. 5.　　　 Also, there are always bad people out right after a storm. If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm, having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
A.You should have a camera at home.
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F.It will aid your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
Ⅲ　完形填空
　　Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and　1 　 of consumer demands for environment-friendly products have 　2　 the pollution problem. One 　3　 is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.
　4　, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. 　5　 they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment ” “Can this metal container be 　6　 or can it only be used once ”
A recent study showed that two　7　 five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the 　8　 they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green”, that is, friendly to the environment.
Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products　9 　 labels to show that the product is green. Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling 　10　.
The　11　 for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink 　12　 they do business. No longer will the public accept the old 　13　 of “Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.” The public 　14　 is still here, and companies are 　15 　 their act gradually.
1.A.part　　　　B.lack　　　　C.lots　　　　D.varieties
2.A.applied to　　　　B.contributed to　　　　C.adapted to　　　　D.devoted to
3.A.possibility　　　　B.chance　　　　C.result　　　　D.effect
4.A.Therefore　　　　B.Furthermore　　　　C.Similarly　　　　D.However
5.A.After　　　　B.Though　　　　C.Before　　　　D.Unless
6.A.reused　　　　B.safe　　　　C.friendly　　　　D.returned
7.A.of　　　　B.on　　　　C.from　　　　D.out of
8.A.rhyme　　　　B.way　　　　C.section　　　　D.branch
9.A.carry　　　　B.take　　　　C.include　　　　D.make
10.A.advantage　　　　B.technique　　　　C.point　　　　D.attraction
11.A.concern　　　　B.hope　　　　C.love　　　　D.plan
12.A.what　　　　B.how　　　　C.whether　　　　D.when
13.A.saying　　　　B.trust　　　　C.attitude　　　　D.fashion
14.A.pressure　　　　B.pleasure　　　　C.discussion　　　　D.interest
15.A.enlarging　　　　B.sharing　　　　C.cleaning　　　　D.improving
答案全解全析
限时训练2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飞机失事后,四个孩子在热带丛林中奇迹般地生还的事。是他们对雨林丰富的知识和与其密切的关联以及他们对雨林、对自然的尊重帮助了他们。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children's mother.”可知,恶劣的天气使军队两周都没有找到坠机地点,后来他们在那里发现了三具成年人的尸体,其中包括这些孩子们的母亲。由此可知,救援队没能及时到达。故选B。
2.C　推理判断题。
①根据题干中的关键词“kids successfully survive”定位到第三段。
②根据第三段第二、三、四句“They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have a better understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided.”可知,他们是Huitoto土著部落的成员,在丛林中长大,因此对雨林有更好的了解,他们知道哪些水果可以安全食用,哪些植物应该避开。由此判断,生存下来的几个小孩是因为对雨林非常熟悉。故选C。
3.A　词义猜测题。画线词修饰this survival story,由上文“After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogot .”可知,经过40天的搜寻,孩子们才被找到。由此判断,他们凭着他们的韧性,才能在这次飞机失事后在雨林里生存下来,这是一个顽强生存的故事。toughness“韧性”符合文意。故选A。competition竞争;evolution进化;creation创造。
4.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Working with, rather than against, the Amazon”和最后一段最后一句“It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.”可知,孩子们与雨林的密切联系和对雨林的了解帮助他们生存下来,因为他们尊重雨林,和雨林和谐相处。因此和自然和谐相处是很有必要的。故选D。
熟词生义
raise 熟义:v.提升;举起　生义:v.抚养
B
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了让森林长期吸收我们产生的大部分二氧化碳的“森林碳计划”。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than they absorb.”可知,我们正在加速的气候变化可能有一天会让森林释放出比吸收更多的碳。由此可推知,作者在第一段中暗示了森林可能会成为一个潜在的威胁,故选A。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.”可知,该州提出的森林碳计划旨在加倍努力使幼树变稀疏,并清除部分森林中的灌木丛,故选C。
同义表达
　　thin out (使)变稀薄,变稀疏,变少。C项中的“reduce the young trees and brush”是第三段中“thin out young trees and clear brush”的同义表达。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That's only a small share of the total land area that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize(优先考虑) areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.(这只是可能受益的土地总面积的一小部分,总计约50万英亩,因此优先考虑火灾或干旱风险最大的地区至关重要)”可知,加州计划的关键是优先处理严重危险地区。故选C。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.”可知,直到最近,他们才认识到森林在储存碳方面所起的重要作用,加州的计划预计将于明年由州长最终确定,它应该成为一个榜样。作者认为加州的计划应该成为一个榜样。由此推知,作者对它持支持态度。故选D。
熟词生义
1.good熟义:adj.好的　生义:adj.相当大的
2.share 熟义:v.分享　生义:n.一份
难句分析
原句　The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than they absorb.
分析　句子的主干为The climate change could one day leave us with forests。其中we are quickening为定语从句,修饰The climate change;that send out more carbon than they absorb为定语从句,修饰forests。
译文　我们正在加速的气候变化可能有一天会使森林释放的碳比它们吸收的碳还要多。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。
①通读全文,把握文章大意和文章结构
文章大意:在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法
文章结构:总—分
②通读选项,了解各选项的中心点,画出关键词
A.You should have a camera at home.(提出建议:备一台摄像机)
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.(前文需出现It所能指代的名词,本句介绍其作用:抵抗强风)
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.(介绍重要性,关注人称代词)
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.(关键点:用胶带加固窗户)
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.(介绍They的作用,前文需要出现They所能指代的复数名词,作用是可以阻挡雨水)
F.It will aid your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.(前文需要出现It所能指代的内容,本句介绍It的作用:可以帮助保险公司)
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.(介绍dangerous storms的危害)
③把选项一一代入文章空处,寻找每个题最适合的选项
1.G　根据前文“Hurricane seasons can be wild and unpredictable.”和后文“Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather...”可知,此处提到飓风,且下文要介绍在飓风天气加强家庭安全的方法,所以G项“这些危险的暴风雨会给你的房屋和财物带来损害”承接上下文。故选G。
2.D　根据后文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.(这实际上并不能保证你在强风中的安全。)”可知,That是指前文中提到的人们面对飓风时会做的保护措施,所以D项“你可能会看到人们在飓风来之前用胶带固定窗户”切合文意。故选D。
3.E　根据后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home won't be able to damage the belongings inside your home(任何被挡在家外面的雨水都不会损坏你家里的财物)”可知,此处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面,所以E项“在许多情况下,它们将能够有效地把雨水挡在外面。”切合文意,They指代sandbags。故选E。
4.C　根据前文“Trim (修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知,此处是指防止庭院里有松动了的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏,所以C项“确保你的院子里没有任何东西松动是很重要的。”切合文意。故选C。
5.F　根据前文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知,此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿,所以F项“如果有什么东西需要更换,它会帮助你的保险公司。”切合文意。故选F。
难句分析
原句　If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm, having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
分析　本句为主从复合句。“If...a bad storm”是If引导的条件状语从句,其中and连接两个并列分句,“having pictures...hurricane”为动名词短语作主语,其中what引导宾语从句,作about的宾语。
译文　如果最糟糕的情况发生了,你的家在一场恶劣的暴风雨后就被人闯入,那么有关于飓风前你家里东西的照片和详细记录将使警方更容易追踪到被盗物品。
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了公众环保理念的变化导致生产者愿意生产出绿色产品。
1.B　句意:粗心的生产方法和消费者对环保产品的需求的缺失导致了污染问题。part部分;lack缺乏;lot大量;variety种类。根据“Careless methods of production and 　1　 of consumer demands for environment-friendly products”和“Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.”可知,因为粗心的生产方法和消费者对环保产品的需求的缺失,当今世界上许多城市污染严重。故选B。
2.B　句意见上题。apply to适用于;contribute to导致;adapt to适应(新情况);devote to致力于。根据“Careless methods of production and 　1　 of consumer demands for environment-friendly products”和“the pollution problem”可知,前后是因果关系,这些原因导致污染问题。故选B。
归纳总结
　　固定短语apply to、contribute to、adapt to、devote to中的to均为介词。
3.C　句意:结果之一就是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器,而这些都很难处理掉。possibility可能;chance机会;result结果;effect效果。根据语境可知,粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求的结果之一是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器。故选C。
4.D　句意:然而,今天,越来越多的消费者选择“绿色”,并要求他们购买的产品应该对环境安全。therefore因此;furthermore此外;similarly同样;however然而。前文介绍了污染问题,后文介绍消费者开始选择环保的产品,前后情况不同,表示转折,故选D。
5.C　句意为“在购买产品之前,他们会问这样的问题:‘这种洗发水会破坏环境吗 ’‘这个金属容器可以重复使用还是只能使用一次 ’”after在……之后;though尽管;before在……之前;unless除非。根据后文“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it”可知,消费者在购买前会问一些产品是否环保的问题。故选C。
6.A　句意见上题。reuse重复使用;safe安全的;friendly友好的;return退还。根据“or can it only be used once”可知,消费者购买金属容器前会询问是否可以重复利用。故选A。
7.D　句意:最近的一项研究表明,现在有五分之二的成年人在购买产品之前会考虑产品的环境安全性。根据“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product”可知,此处描述有一定数量的成年人会考虑产品是否环保。two out of five表示“五分之二”,故选D。
8.B　句意:这意味着公司现在必须改变他们制造和销售产品的方式,以确保它们是“绿色的”,也就是说,对环境友好。rhyme押韵;way方法,方式;section部分;branch树枝。根据“Careless methods of production”可知,为了迎合消费者对环保产品的需求,公司要改变制造和销售产品的方式。故选B。
9.A　句意:一些超市的产品带有标签,以表明产品是环保的。carry携带;take随身带着;include包括;make制作。根据“to show that the product is green”可知,产品带有标签以表明环保。故选A。
10.C　句意:一些公司在广告中强调他们的产品是无污染且安全的,并以此作为主要卖点。advantage优势;technique技术;point点;attraction吸引。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising”可知,产品安全无污染是公司的主要卖点。selling point卖点。故选C。
11.A　句意:对更安全、更无污染的环境的关注正促使企业重新思考自己的经营方式。concern关注;hope希望;love喜爱;plan计划。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising”可知,企业关注更安全、更无污染的环境。故选A。
12.B　句意见上题。what什么;how如何;whether是否;when何时。设空处引导从句,根据语境可知此处表示企业重新考虑它们如何经营。故选B。
13.C　句意:公众将不再接受“买它,用它,扔掉它,忘记它”的旧态度。saying谚语;trust信任;attitude态度;fashion时尚。根据第二段中的“more and more consumers are choosing ‘green’ and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment”和最后一段中的“Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.”可知,这是消费者态度发生了变化。故选C。
14.A　句意:公众的压力仍然存在,公司正在逐步改善它们的行为。pressure压力;pleasure乐趣;discussion讨论;interest兴趣。根据“No longer will the public accept...‘Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.’”可知,公众不会再接受对环境不友好的产品,由语境可知,这是对公司的压力,迫使它们向好的方向改变,故选A。
15.D　句意见上题。enlarge扩大;share分享;clean打扫;improve改进。根据“Careless methods of production”和“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe”可知,这是公司在逐渐改善自己的行为。故选D。