单元提升卷
满分150分,限时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What would the man probably prefer to drink
A.Water. B.Coke. C.Coffee.
2.How does the woman learn best
A.Through pictures. B.Through writing. C.Through listening.
3.What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A.Brother and sister.
B.Husband and wife.
C.Co-workers.
4.How does the man probably feel about the restaurant
A.The food is of bad quality.
B.It doesn't have good service.
C.Its location is too far from his house.
5.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A.When the man will move house.
B.What kind of flat Cathy wants.
C.Why the man moved house.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Where did the man stay during his trip
A.At his grandparents' house.
B.In a hotel.
C.At his friend's house.
7.What was probably the woman's favorite place in Beijing
A.A natural lake.
B.A mountain area.
C.An urban center.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.Why does the woman want to buy the jacket
A.To give it as a gift.
B.To replace an old jacket.
C.To wear at an event for her work.
9.What is probably the current location of the speakers
A.A market.
B.A shopping mall.
C.A department store.
10.How much will the woman probably pay
A.$10. B.$90. C.$100.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.Why did the woman's computer probably break
A.It got wet.
B.It was too old.
C.It suffered high heat.
12.What is the woman's main concern
A.Recovering her files.
B.Fixing her computer quickly.
C.Getting a new computer cheaply.
13.What will the man do for the woman
A.Fix her computer.
B.Recycle her computer.
C.Recommend a different computer repair shop.
听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。
14.What's the girl's nationality
A.English. B.American. C.French.
15.What do the girl's parents want her to study
A.Acting. B.Business. C.Medicine.
16.What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A.Schoolmates.
B.Professor and student.
C.Dorm keeper and student.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.How many countries in Africa natively speak Portuguese
A.Two. B.Three. C.Five.
18.What fact about Portugal is the speaker probably most proud of
A.It has its own national type of music.
B.It has the oldest bookstore in the world.
C.It is the oldest country in Europe.
19.What is the speaker's favorite area of Portugal to visit
A.The beaches.
B.The major cities.
C.The northern forest area.
20.When will the speaker probably return home
A.After finishing university.
B.After a few years of work.
C.After his retirement.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms, which reflect the Chinese people's understanding of time. Here several special solar terms are listed.
Rain Water
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, the river water unfreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again. Extra care is needed to cope with a returning cold spell in this period. The wet and damp weather during the Rain Water period is considered harmful to people's spleen (脾) and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. Therefore, a bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
Awakening of Insects
As the third solar term in the lunar year, its name implies that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. Modern meteorological science shows that around this period, the earth becomes wet, and the hot humid air from the north is strong and creates frequent winds. For this reason, thunder often occurs.
Spring Equinox
The Spring Equinox signals the equal length of the day and night time. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the sun is directly above the equator. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in gradually longer day time in the northern hemisphere. Standing an egg upright is a popular game during this period. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.
Grain Rain
Grain Rain originates from the old saying, “Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains”, which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and that people are busy working on the land. Grain Rain falls between the end of spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north. With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.
21.What can we know about Rain Water
A.River water starts to freeze.
B.Taking off the thick coats is advisable.
C.Lively spring-like scenery can be seen.
D.It falls between the end of spring and the start of summer.
22.What do Awakening of Insects and Grain Rain have in common
A.The farming season.
B.Animal activities.
C.Air temperature.
D.Frequent thunder.
23.In which solar term would people most probably put on masks
A.Rain Water. B.Grain Rain.
C.Spring Equinox. D.Awakening of Insects.
B
Five years ago, a couple found a baby owl, near-death, on their lawn. They consulted with me because of my experience with owls and hawks. Eventually my wife and I undertook the task of treating the owl, Alfie, waiting out developmental delay (most of her flight feathers came especially late that first summer), and then we taught her to fly and hunt. Alfie disappeared for a week. Then she chose to return, centering her territory (地盘) on our backyard. I put a nest box on my writing studio.
Alfie's first free-living year—mating, raising her first baby—coincided with the pandemic that limited us to our yard. Friends said the birds were singing aloud and happily. From Alfie's performance, I saw humans' unrest and worry when facing the unexpected virus. When Alfie and her mate, Plus-One, played in the shade, the daily rhythms and quietness of the owls' world contrasted with our life.
Many cultures view owls as messengers of God. However, Alfie is flesh and feathers; her heart pumps blood red as ours. She has her comforts and fears. She is a very real little being overall. Yet, throughout the isolation to prevent the spread of disease, Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope. She is, in reality, a messenger, one conveying the real meaning of life.
To be fully present in life and love, so natural for Alfie, remains a job in progress for me. Alfie is the perfect little philosophical master. She enjoys a freedom unpolluted by criticism or doubt, and a liberty as the air flows beneath her wings. Resisting nothing, she is pure presence, here now. Perhaps I'd long labored toward the place where Alfie was effortlessly taking me, a sense of openness, showing what's possible when we mess up our accustomed boundaries.
Alfie remains our magical light of the nighttime backyard. By day she usually stays in a couple of favorite shaded spots. The choice is always hers. Free within limits; that's the universe for her. It can inspire a life's work.
24.What can we learn about Alfie from the first two paragraphs
A.She had a quick recovery.
B.She was first found by the author.
C.She set up a family in the backyard.
D.She was badly affected by the virus.
25.How does Alfie inspire the author and his family with hope
A.She lives a relaxed life.
B.She has no fears at all.
C.She has red blood as humans.
D.She is viewed as a messenger of God.
26.What does the author mean by describing Alfie's freedom as “unpolluted by criticism or doubt” in paragraph 4
A.Alfie is not influenced by social development.
B.Alfie is free from physical and mental limitations.
C.Alfie is completely independent and self-sufficient.
D.Alfie is not affected by external judgment or uncertainty.
27.What is the text mainly about
A.The author's successful rescue of an owl.
B.The author's reflection on life through an owl.
C.The author's precious friendship with an owl.
D.The author's fight against a pandemic with an owl.
C
“In agricultural, pre-industrial Europe, you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work,” says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific. “Later, at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m., you'd have a smaller supper.”
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meals are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Counihan, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties.”
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a dramatic increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us stronger than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy for example. It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices' closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.
28.What do we learn about people in pre-industrial Europe
A.They had to work from early morning till late at night.
B.Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.
C.They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.
D.Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.
29.What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together
A.It enabled families to save a lot of money.
B.It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.
C.It brought family members closer to each other.
D.It was helpful in maintaining a nation's tradition.
30.What does “cultural metabolism” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Pace of life. B.Change in lifestyle.
C.Social progress. D.Evolutionary adaptation.
31.What does the author say about Italians of the old days
A.They were expert at cooking meals.
B.They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.
C.They ate a big dinner late in the evening.
D.They ate three meals regularly every day.
D
Does your neighborhood have plenty of birds If it does, this could be good news for your mental health because birdsong can help relieve anxiety. This is the finding of a newly published study, showing the great healing power of birdsong. The study on the effect of birdsong, based on real-time feedback via an app, points to a lasting improvement in mental well-being.
The lead author, Ryan Hammoud, explains that while there is growing evidence of the mental health benefits of being around nature, research on the power of birds to uplift us has been limited. “We humans have for the first time shown the direct link between hearing birdsong and positive moods,” he says. He hopes that this evidence will encourage the greater protection of birds and their environments, not only for biodiversity, but also for our mental health.
In an effort to understand the influence of birdsong on mental health, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin joined scientists from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at the University of Hamburg-Eppendorf to evaluate how birdsong and, by contrast, man-made traffic noise affect moods, paranoia (多疑) and the cognitive functioning. By using the Urban Mind app they did an experiment involving 295 healthy people. These participants heard six minutes of either traffic noise, or birdsong, completing questionnaires before and after hearing the sounds.
Significantly, the study authors emphasize that healthy people can also experience anxiety and temporary paranoid perceptions. They believe that the questionnaires helped identify these tendencies in healthy participants without them having a diagnosis (诊断) of mental health problems. Researchers found that hearing birdsong reduced anxiety in healthy participants but didn't appear to worsen depressive states. Traffic noise, meanwhile, was found to worsen depressive states. The study found that neither traffic noise nor birdsong impacted cognitive performance.
And if just hearing birdsong has such a calming effect when it's listened to via computers, Ryan Hammoud suggests this effect could be even better in the great outdoors.
32.What does Ryan Hammoud think of the research
A.Popular. B.Groundbreaking.
C.Costly. D.Time-consuming.
33.How did the researchers carry out the research
A.By making calls to selected participants.
B.By doing a questionnaire survey on the streets.
C.By conducting an experiment on the Internet.
D.By offering a diagnosis of participants' mental health.
34.What will the paragraph following the text most probably talk about
A.What applications birdsong is likely to have.
B.Where people can enjoy birdsong and benefit from it.
C.How outdoor sounds influence people's mental health.
D.Why hearing birdsong outdoors has a greater calming effect.
35.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Birdsong Can Keep You Feeling Joyous
B.Protecting Birds Is Protecting Yourself
C.Birds Can Improve Your Cognitive Performance
D.Birdsong Benefits You Both Physically and Mentally
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being a good neighbor matters—not only because it makes life more pleasant, but also because being a good neighbor is part of being a good person.
Being a good neighbor has a lot to do with respecting privacy. 36. , give neighbors a lot of space and try to sense when it's appropriate to back off (退让).
37. . Helping with physical work is one good way to establish trust. If your neighbor is going to move some heavy furniture, or needs help in fixing something you know your way around, offer to help out. Once you're getting familiar, this assistance can also extend to things like house-sitting (替人看家) or collecting the mail while your neighbor is away. Eventually, the day may come when you're asked to take care of their kids. 38. if you accept it.
It should go without saying that pet owners need to care for their animals properly. 39. . There are few things more annoying for neighbors than a dog that uses their lawns (草坪) as a toilet, or that barks endlessly while chained up in a backyard. Don't mess around—be a kind and responsible pet owner.
There are times when a certain level of noise is fine and there are times when it isn't. 40. . Turn the music down a bit after sunset, and further reduce the volume as it gets toward 10 p.m. It's usually fine to throw an occasional loud party as long as the neighbors are invited or have been informed.
A.It's good to know the difference
B.This includes cleaning up after them
C.It's often best to mind your own business
D.You had better say congratulations to your neighbor
E.Your family pet can be left in the trust of a neighbor
F.You'll probably end up playing with and entertaining these children
G.But it's just as important to know when the time is right to offer some help
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Earlier in the year we set out plans for a potential butterfly garden in the village. We drew up a plan 41 our ideas on how we could go about them. As it turned out, the universe of course had other 42 !
While we waited to see if our funding would come through, Butterfly Conservation Scotland offered us enough wildflower seeds to 43 the whole area.
The 44 was that the turf (草皮) would have to be removed to bare earth before we could sow! So, I asked around for a machine to 45 the turf, but no one came forward. We wanted to hire a machine but didn't have enough money.
Last weekend, I was given an 46 kindness! As I was speaking to a man living nearby, a lady 47 me and handed me a 48 of ￡40! Wasn't that good of her and wasn't it just so 49 Seeing that, the man also gave me some money!
50 the problem was solved, we hired the turf-lifting machine on Thursday and sent out a 51 for Sunday volunteers and 10 people 52 . The seeds were then sown.
My friend came with a carload of daisies (雏菊) and buddleia (醉鱼草). What a 53 ! We planted the daisies all along the back of the garden. Of course, these daisies aren't on our 54 plan (just the buddleia is), but if the universe says that they'll go well there, then who am I to 55 !
41.A.adjusting B.showing C.proving D.recalling
42.A.hobbies B.excuses C.rules D.plans
43.A.protect B.cover C.expose D.measure
44.A.meaning B.problem C.alternative D.promise
45.A.decorate B.deliver C.lift D.wash
46.A.unnecessary B.unchangeable C.unfamiliar D.unexpected
47.A.approached B.prevented C.challenged D.forgave
48.A.tip B.salary C.donation D.reward
49.A.timely B.mannerly C.costly D.orderly
50.A.Unless B.After C.Although D.If
51.A.call B.signal C.sound D.wave
52.A.checked out B.broke in C.turned up D.set off
53.A.tendency B.test C.privilege D.joy
54.A.painting B.planting C.learning D.building
55.A.argue B.warn C.quit D.apologize
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The power of Chinese emperors rose and fell with their control of the Grand Canal. Today, this waterway is shorter than once it was, 56. it is still the longest man-made river in the world. 57. (important), the Grand Canal continues to provide a vital 58. (culture) and economic link for modern China.
The original canal system began around the year 605, 59. China's Emperor Yang realized that he needed a better way to move food and feed his army, so the emperor ordered the construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, 60. (connect) those existing canals, lakes and rivers.
For more than a thousand years, goods 61. (transport) along the Grand Canal. Even today the country's watery highway plays an important economic role in China. Boats continue to carry tons of food and other goods along the canal. However, local governments eager to promote 62. (tour) and city development have torn down almost all of the older canal-side buildings. In 2005 a group of citizens proposed that the historic Grand Canal be made 63. UNESCO World Heritage Site, hoping this status would protect both the waterway and the architecture around it. With UNESCO status officially 64. (grant) in 2014, the world's greatest engineering accomplishments continue to link North and South China for 65. (century) to come.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华,你校外教Mr Smith准备利用即将到来的中秋节假期去北京游玩,想征询你的建议。请你给他写一封英文邮件,内容包括:
1.旅行建议(景点、美食、交通等);
2.表达祝愿。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Mr Smith,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Oh, this was terrible. “Thank you for volunteering to coach soccer...” the letter began. Coach Soccer Me That was crazy. My knowledge of the sport began and ended with you-can't-use-your-hands.
I have just graduated from high school. There was a summer holiday long enough to do something unusual. Father advised me to pick up a part-time job in our community, like teaching kids to swim or helping them with their subjects. “You'll learn a lot,” he said. So, when Community Sports asked for volunteers, I signed up for data entry, which I thought was helping to put data into a computer. Keyboards, I knew. Coaching Impossible!
Realizing there must be something wrong, I quickly called the head coach about the misunderstanding. It did not go well. He had been away from home and would not be coaching soccer at all. Panicked, I called the other assistant coach. He said, “It isn't difficult to teach a bunch of first graders about soccer. Be confident.”
“Are you kidding me ” I hung up the phone, smiling bitterly.
I phoned a Community Sports officer about my dilemma. “I am sorry,” he said. “Not enough people are willing to volunteer. If you cannot coach soccer, we will call your team and let them know they will not be playing this season.” Seriously, that was his solution I hung up the phone, saying I would call back to let him know my choice. I couldn't imagine the kids' disappointed face when they were told their team wouldn't play because Community Sports couldn't find them a coach.
That afternoon, when Father came back, I told everything to him, complaining about how careless and ridiculous the community workers were. They should have suggested my “pretending” to be a coach.
Father stared at me, “Hey, listen! I remember you like watching soccer games.”
“Watching is one thing but coaching is another,” I protested.
“Why not learn the game with the kids To those first graders, it's just a game. Just make it fun. Besides, you'll gain more than them.”
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
The next morning, I called back.
Then came the day when I would meet those kids for the first time.
答案全解全析
单元提升卷
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的“雨水”“惊蛰”“春分”和“谷雨”,让我们进一步了解了这四个节气的气候和习俗。
21.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“With its arrival, the river water unfreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again.(随着它的到来,河水解冻,大雁由南向北迁徙,树木和草又变绿了)”可知,雨水之后就能看到生机勃勃的春景了。故选C。
22.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is the key time for spring agricultural activities.”可知,惊蛰是农业活动的关键时候。根据最后一段第一句“Grain Rain originates from the old saying, ‘Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains’, which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and that people are busy working on the land.”可知,谷雨对作物生长至关重要。结合来看,惊蛰和谷雨这两个节气对农业来说都很重要,是耕作的季节。故选A。
23.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.”可知,谷雨时沙尘暴经常出现,所以人们最可能在谷雨时需要佩戴口罩保护自己。故选B。
熟词生义
1.signal 熟义:n.信号;暗号 生义:v.标志;表明;预示 2.spell 熟义:v.拼写 生义:n.(持续的)一段时间
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一对夫妇救治了一只濒危的小猫头鹰,并从它在后院的生活方式中得到了感悟。
24.C 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Then she chose to return, centering her territory on our backyard.”和第二段第一句“Alfie's first free-living year—mating, raising her first baby...”可知,Alfie在作者自家的院子里安家了。故选C。
25.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope.”可知,是Alfie放松舒适的生活态度让作者及其家人感受到希望。故选A。
26.D 推理判断题。由题干中的unpolluted by criticism or doubt可定位至第四段中的“She enjoys a freedom unpolluted by criticism...beneath her wings.”,再结合该句后的“Resisting nothing, she is pure presence, here now.”可知,Alfie过着自己的生活,没有受外界任何扰乱的影响。故选D。
27.B 主旨大意题。文章提到作者救治了一只小猫头鹰并安置在自己的后院,第二、三、四段描写的小猫头鹰在后院舒适放松地生活的情景让作者联想到自己的生活,认为一切皆有可能,要打破习惯的界限。由此可推知,本文主要介绍了小猫头鹰引发作者对生活本质的反思。故选B。
熟词生义
center 熟义:n.中央;中心点 生义:v.把……放在中央
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了在农业时代,人们的生活节奏很慢,一家人经常花很长时间在一起吃饭,家人之间的关系更加密切。而现在虽然人们的饮食比祖先的饮食更健康、更有营养,但是快餐使得家人一起吃饭的时间缩短了,家人之间的关系也变得淡了。
28.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的pre-industrial Europe定位到文章第一段。根据第一段中的“In agricultural, pre-industrial Europe, you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work”和“Later, at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m., you'd have a smaller supper.”可知,工业化前的欧洲人按照一天的不同时刻安排相应的日常活动。再结合第二段首句“This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family.”可知,他们按照一天的自然规律安排一天的吃饭时间和吃饭习惯。由此可知,工业化前的欧洲人的日常生活遵循自然周期的节奏。故选D。
易错分析
本题易根据第二段首句中“This comfortable cycle”中的comfortable而错选B项,但第二段中的comfortable修饰的是cycle,指他们日常生活的节奏周期舒适,而并没有说当时他们的生活比现在舒适,B项属于断章取义,故排除。
29.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Meals are the foundation of the family” “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties”可知,共同进餐能使家庭成员的关系更紧密。故选C。
30.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand”可知,工业化以来漫长的午餐缩减到任何可以塞进午餐桶或在小吃摊上买到的东西。再结合前半部分内容“自工业化以来,保持如此缓慢的cultural metabolism变得更加困难”可猜测cultural metabolism指的是“生活节奏”。故选A。B.生活方式的改变;C.社会进步;D.进化适应。
31.B 细节理解题。根据题干中的Italians可定位到文章第四段。根据第四段中的“Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy for example. It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat.(然而,即使在那些仍然是为了吃饭而生存的文化中,也有很多东西丢失了。以意大利为例。众所周知,地中海饮食是健康的,但准备和食用它也是一种乐趣。)”可知,对意大利人来说烹饪和享用食物都值得享受。故选B。
难句分析
原句 This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。“in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals”为in which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词This comfortable cycle。“eaten with...family”是过去分词短语作定语。
译文 这种舒适的循环,一天的节奏有助于塑造用餐的节奏,产生了与大家庭一起吃丰盛的午餐的习俗。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明,鸟鸣可以缓解焦虑,改善你的心理健康。
32.B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中Ryan Hammoud 所说的“We humans have for the first time shown the direct link between hearing birdsong and positive moods.”可知,Ryan Hammoud说他们的研究是人类第一次表明听鸟鸣和积极的情绪之间有直接的联系。由此可以推断,他认为他们的这项研究具有开拓性。A.受欢迎的;B.开创性的;C.昂贵的;D.耗时的。故选B。
33.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“By using the Urban Mind app they did an experiment involving 295 healthy people. These participants...completing questionnaires before and after hearing the sounds.”可知,研究人员是通过使用Urban Mind应用程序对295个健康的人进行了一项实验,即他们是通过在互联网上进行实验的方式开展研究的。故选C。
34.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“And if just hearing birdsong has such a calming effect when it's listened to via computers, Ryan Hammoud suggests this effect could be even better in the great outdoors.”可知,Ryan Hammoud 认为如果仅仅是通过电脑听到鸟鸣就有这样的镇静效果,那么这种效果在户外会更好。由此可以推断,文章接下来最有可能会介绍为什么在户外听到鸟鸣会有更好的镇静效果。故选D。A.鸟鸣可能会有什么应用;B.人们可以在哪里听到鸟鸣并从中受益;C.户外的声音如何影响人们的心理健康。
35.A 主旨大意题。文章的结构为:
Paras. 1-2 一项新的研究表明鸟鸣可以改善人的心理健康,让人保持快乐。
Para. 3 研究的过程
Para. 4 研究的结果
Para. 5 推断在户外效果会更好
从文章的结构及段落主旨来看,本文首段就点明了研究的结果,即鸟鸣可以改善人的心理健康,让人保持快乐。文章都是围绕这一研究展开的,故A项(鸟鸣可以使你保持快乐)符合文章主旨。B.保护鸟类就是保护你自己;C.鸟类可以提高你的认知表现;D.鸟鸣对你的身心都有好处。
易错分析
本题易错选D项。D项强调鸟鸣对人的身体和心理健康都有好处,而本文强调的是鸟鸣对人的心理健康的好处,即让人更快乐,D项范围太大,故排除。注意第一段中的mental health和relieve anxiety。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何成为一个好邻居。
36.C 细节句。根据空前内容可知做一个好邻居与尊重隐私有很大关系。再根据空后提到的“给邻居足够的空间,并设法感知什么时候该退让”并结合选项可知,C项“管好你自己的事往往是最好的”与本段内容相关,说的是要尊重隐私,符合语境。故选C。
37.G 主旨句。本题置于句首,推断是本段的主旨句。根据空格后的内容可知,帮忙做体力活是建立信任的好方法,邻居有需要的时候,要给予帮助。G项“但是知道在恰当时候提供一些帮助也同样重要”能够概括本段主旨。故选G。
38.F 细节句。根据空前“最终,你会被要求照顾他们的孩子”和空后“如果你接受的话”并结合选项可知,F项“你最后可能会和这些孩子一起玩,逗他们开心”符合语境。故选F。
39.B 细节句。根据空前内容可知,宠物主人需要妥善照顾他们的动物。再根据空后内容“没有什么比把他们的草坪当厕所的狗,或者被拴在后院时不停地吠叫的狗更让邻居们恼火的了。不要胡闹——做一个善良、负责任的宠物主人”可知,后文提到了宠物乱上厕所的情况,说明宠物主人需要注意宠物的卫生打扫问题。故B项“这包括跟在它们身后打扫卫生”符合语境。故选B。
40.A 过渡句。空格前提到了有噪声可以被接受或不被接受的情况,后文则给出了具体的例子,结合选项可知A项“知道它们的差异很好”承接上文提到的两种情况,说明要知道噪声可被接受和不被接受之间的差异,同时引出下文介绍的具体区分情况的示例,承上启下,符合语境。故选A。
难句分析
原句 There are few things more annoying for neighbors than a dog that uses their lawns as a toilet, or that barks endlessly while chained up in a backyard.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。a dog后是or连接的两个并列的that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a dog。while...a backyard是状语从句的省略形式,while后省略了it is。
译文 对于邻居们来说,没有什么比一只把他们的草坪当厕所的狗,或者被拴在后院时不停地吠叫的狗更烦人的了。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者他们制订了在村里建设未来蝴蝶园的计划,结果在机缘巧合和善举下进行得十分顺利。
41.B 根据后文“how we could go about them”可知,计划主要是展示关于他们如何去做的想法。adjust调整; show展示; prove证明; recall回想起。故选B。
42.D 结合后文可知,他们意外得到了野花种子以及他人的捐赠,故此处有命运自有安排的意思,即宇宙有它自己的计划。hobby爱好;excuse借口;rule规则;plan计划。故选D。
43.B 根据前文“offered us enough wildflower seeds”和后文“the whole area”可知,此处指种子足以覆盖整个地区。protect保护;cover覆盖;expose暴露;measure测量。故选B。
44.B 根据后文“the turf would have to be removed to bare earth before we could sow(在我们播种之前,必须把草皮移走以露出土地)”和“So, I asked...”可知,此处是在说他们遇到的问题。meaning意义;problem问题;alternative替代物;promise承诺。故选B。
45.C 根据上文“the turf would have to be removed”可知他们需要把草皮移走,所以想找一台机器来掀起草皮。decorate装饰;deliver递送;lift举起;wash洗涤。结合第五段中的提示“we hired the turf-lifting machine”可知选C。
46.D 根据下文可知,作者在跟住在附近的人说话时遇到一位女士,她捐赠了40英镑,所以是意外的善举。unnecessary不必要的;unchangeable不可改变的;unfamiliar不熟悉的;unexpected意外的。故选D。
47.A 根据上文“As I was speaking to a man living nearby, a lady”和下文“me and handed me a...￡40”可知,此处指这位女士靠近作者,递给作者钱。approach靠近;prevent阻止;challenge向……发出挑战;forgive原谅。故选A。
48.C 根据下文“Seeing that, the man also gave me some money!”可知,此处指女士捐赠了40英镑给作者。tip诀窍,建议;salary工资;donation捐赠物;reward回报,奖励。故选C。
49.A 上文提到他们缺钱租机器,结果一位女士就捐赠了40英镑,所以是及时的帮助。timely及时的;mannerly客气的;costly昂贵的;orderly有序的。故选A。
50.B 上文提到他们缺钱租机器,一位女士和一位男士捐了钱,下文说“we hired the turf-lifting machine on Thursday”,由此可知此处的逻辑顺序是:筹到钱→租机器。因此租机器是在问题解决之后,After引导时间状语从句。 故选B。
51.A 根据下文“for Sunday volunteers”可知此处指需要志愿者。call请求,呼吁,号召;signal信号;sound声音;wave挥手。a call for...为固定搭配,意为“……的请求/呼吁/号召”。结合语境可知此处是说他们发出招募周日志愿者的呼吁。故选A。
52.C 根据上文“sent out a call for Sunday volunteers”和下文“The seeds were then sown.”可知,他们发出的号召最终招来了10个志愿者,因此种子得以播种。check out结账离开;break in强行进入;turn up出现;set off出发。此处是说有10个志愿者出现了。故选C。
53.D 根据上文“My friend came with a carload of daisies and buddleia.”可知,朋友带来了一车的雏菊和醉鱼草,作者感到很开心。tendency趋势;test测试,考验;privilege特权;joy令人高兴的事。故选D。
54.B 根据“We planted the daisies all along the back of the garden. Of course, these daisies aren't on our 54 plan (just the buddleia is)”及第一段中的“Earlier in the year we set out plans for a potential butterfly garden in the village.(今年早些时候,我们制订了在村里建设未来蝴蝶园的计划。)”可知此处指种植计划,雏菊不在他们的种植计划内,只有醉鱼草在计划内。painting绘画;planting种植;learning学习;building建筑,修建。故选B。
55.A 结合上文可知,作者原本没有计划种植雏菊,但是朋友带来了,所以就种下了,作者认为一切都是宇宙的安排,自己没什么可争辩的。argue争辩;warn警告;quit停止;apologize道歉。故选A。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了大运河的发展历史和意义以及人们为保护大运河做出的努力。
56.but 考查连词。句意:现今,这条水道比以前更短了,但是它仍然是世界上最长的人工河。分析句意可知,空前后之间是转折关系,空处表示“但是”,应用连词but连接前后两个分句。故填but。
57.Importantly 考查副词。句意:重要的是,大运河继续为现代中国提供重要的文化和经济联系。空格处在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式。故填Importantly。
58.cultural 考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,句中使用了固定搭配provide...for...,“a vital 58. and economic link”为provide的宾语,其中link前都是它的修饰语;设空处与economic(经济上的)并列作定语修饰名词link,应用形容词。由语境可知此处表示“文化的”,故填cultural。
59.when 考查定语从句。句意:最初的运河系统大约始于公元605年,当时中国的隋炀帝意识到他需要一种更好的方式来运输食物并养活他的军队,所以该皇帝下令修建大运河的第一段,连接那些现有的运河、湖泊和河流。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为the year 605,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
60.connecting 考查现在分词。句意同上。本句的句子结构分析如下:
of the Grand Canal,
lakes and rivers).
根据句子结构分析可知,so后的分句中已有谓语动词ordered,设空处应用非谓语动词。connect与其逻辑主语the first section of the Grand Canal之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填connecting。
61.have been transported 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:一千多年来,货物被沿着大运河运输。空格处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语For more than a thousand years可知应用现在完成时;主语goods和transport之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语是复数名词,故填have been transported。
62.tourism 考查名词。句意:然而,地方政府渴望促进旅游业和城市的发展,已经拆毁了几乎所有运河边较老的建筑。根据and连接并列结构可知,空格处与city development并列作宾语,应用名词;根据语境可知此处表示“旅游业”,应用名词tourism;tourism为不可数名词,故填tourism。
63.a 考查冠词。句意:在2005年,一群公民提议将有历史意义的大运河列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产保护区,希望这一地位会保护这条水道和它周围的建筑。空后的“World Heritage Site”为可数名词,此处表示泛指,指把大运河列为一处世界遗产保护区,应用不定冠词;UNESCO以辅音音素开头,故填a。
易错分析
此题易根据UNESCO中的“U”而错填an。有些单词是以元音字母开头但并不是以元音音素开头,即开头的元音字母不发元音,这样的单词有university、useful、European、unique等。这样的单词前边的不定冠词应用a而不用an。
64.granted 考查过去分词。句意:随着(大运河作为)联合国教科文组织(世界遗产保护区的)身份在2014年被官方认定,世界上最伟大的工程成就将在未来的几个世纪里继续连接中国的北方和南方。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词continue,设空处应用非谓语动词;“With UNESCO status officially 64. in 2014”为with的复合结构,UNESCO status为宾语,设空处作宾补。UNESCO status与grant之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填granted。
联想拓展
with的复合结构“with+名词(或代词)+非谓语动词”的构成形式:
(1)with+名词(或代词)+现在分词(现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主动关系)
如:With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中, 他们驱车前往王宫。
(2)with+名词(或代词)+过去分词(过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的被动关系)
如:I sat in the room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间里坐了一会儿, 眼睛盯着天花板。
(3)with+名词(或代词)+动词不定式(不定式表示将发生的动作)
如:With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.由于没有可以说话的人, 约翰感到很痛苦。
65.centuries 考查名词的数。句意同上。根据空格前的介词for可知,空格处应用名词作for的宾语;century在此处表示“世纪”,为可数名词,空前没有冠词,应用复数形式。故填centuries。
第四部分 写作
第一节
写作指导
One possible version:
Dear Mr Smith,
I'm glad to provide you with some suggestions on your upcoming trip to Beijing during the Mid-Autumn Festival.【点明写信目的】
Beijing, the capital of China, offers a rich cultural experience. The Forbidden City showcases brilliant Chinese history, attracting numerous visitors at home and abroad. Tiananmen Square is a symbol of China. The Great Wall offers breathtaking views. You can also explore hutongs to experience traditional Chinese culture. As for fine food, you can try Peking duck, Zhajiangmian and Bingtanghulu. By the way, use the subway, buses or taxis to get around. Renting a bike or using shared bicycles is also convenient.【介绍景点、美食和交通】
I hope these suggestions will be of help. Enjoy your trip to Beijing during the Mid-Autumn Festival!【表达希望和祝愿】
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
佳作亮点
1.重点词汇
①upcoming adj.即将到来的
②showcase v.展示
③a symbol of...……的象征
④breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的
⑤as for关于,至于
⑥convenient adj.方便的
2.精彩句式
①The Forbidden City showcases brilliant Chinese history, attracting numerous visitors at home and abroad.(现在分词短语作状语)紫禁城展示了中国辉煌的历史,吸引了无数国内外游客。
②Renting a bike or using shared bicycles is also convenient.(动名词短语作主语)租自行车或使用共享单车也很方便。
写作积累
建议信的常用表达
1.开头常用语
①I know you have trouble in making friends after reading your letter. I am writing to give you some suggestions/offer you some advice.在读了你的信后,我知道你在交友方面有困难。我写这封信的目的是给你一些建议。
②I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese.我很高兴收到你的来信,询问我关于如何学习汉语的建议。
③The following are my suggestions./My suggestions are as follows.下面是我的一些建议。/我的建议如下。
2.主体部分常用语
In my opinion/As far as I'm concerned/Personally, it would be wise to take the following action.在我看来/就我而言,采取如下行动是明智的。
3.结尾常用语
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you.我希望你会觉得这些建议对你有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。
第二节
写作指导
1.分析冲突点,预设故事结尾
故事人物 I, my father, an assistant coach, a Community Sports officer,kids wanting to learn soccer in the community
情节分析/ 冲突点分析 Father advised me to pick up a part-time job in our community but the community wanted me to be a soccer coach. I was not willing to be a soccer coach. But without a coach, children would be disappointed.
预设结尾 Finally, I chose to be a soccer coach and got along well with the children.
2.分析段首句,确定写作思路
由第一段首句和第二段首句确定第一段发展方向: 由第一段首句内容“第二天早上,我又打了回去。”可推测,第一段可描写作者打回电话去告诉他们自己的决定,同时可描写对方的回应以及作者接下来做了什么。 梳理情节 情节示例
①作者做出了什么决定 ②作者做出决定后是怎么做的 我打回电话去告诉他们我选择接受这份志愿工作,当孩子们的足球教练,对方很高兴,我开始为教练工作做准备。
由第二段首句和预设结尾确定第二段发展方向: 由第二段首句内容“终于有一天,我第一次见到了那些孩子。”可知,第二段可描写作者见到孩子们后的表现以及接下来作者与孩子们相处的情况和作者的感悟。 梳理情节 情节示例
①孩子们的反应如何 ②作者如何与孩子们相处 ③作者有何感悟 我见到孩子们很兴奋,我与孩子们友好相处。我的感悟:要表现出色,就要适应不舒服。
One possible version:
The next morning, I called back.“Okay,” I said. “Put me down for coaching soccer.” At the other end of the line, the man burst into laughter. He told me they would have a coaching clinic on Saturday which might help. But I could hardly wait that long. The moment I put down the phone, I rushed to my computer and started researching. Everything about soccer. Everything about how to get along with first graders. The more I learnt, the more confident I felt.
Then came the day when I would meet those kids for the first time. I took a deep breath and stepped onto the ground, where 22 kids were waiting, eyes sparkling with excitement and eagerness. That season, we played and won great popularity. The time spent with them proved rewarding. It's not such a challenging job to teach them to play soccer because what mattered more was not to win but to make it fun to learn. More importantly, I learned a life lesson: To be outstanding—get comfortable with being uncomfortable.
佳作亮点
1.重点词汇
①burst into laughter=burst out laughing突然大笑起来
②get along with sb.与某人和睦相处
③take a deep breath深呼吸
④sparkle v.闪烁;闪耀
⑤eagerness n.渴望
⑥popularity n.受欢迎;流行
⑦rewarding adj.有意义的
⑧outstanding adj.优秀的,杰出的
2.精彩句式
①The more I learnt, the more confident I felt. (the+比较级,the+比较级) 我学得越多,我就越觉得有信心。
②I took a deep breath and stepped onto the ground,where 22 kids were waiting, eyes sparkling with excitement and eagerness. (where引导定语从句;“eyes sparkling with excitement and eagerness”为独立主格结构作状语) 我深吸了一口气,走到场地上,22个孩子在那里等着,眼睛里闪烁着兴奋和渴望。
③It's not such a challenging job to teach them to play soccer because what mattered more was not to win but to make it fun to learn. (because引导原因状语从句;what引导主语从句;not...but...连接并列成分) 教他们踢足球并不是一项非常具有挑战性的工作,因为更重要的不是赢得比赛,而是让学习变得有趣。
