单元提升卷
满分150分,限时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How many days is the woman older than the man
A.Three. B.Four. C.Seven.
2.What is the man's favourite sport
A.Soccer. B.Basketball. C.Tennis.
3.What happened to the man last week
A.He lost his job.
B.He bought a newspaper.
C.He refused his co-workers.
4.What are the speakers going to play
A.Bridge. B.Chess. C.Card games.
5.What does the woman do
A.A driver. B.A doctor. C.A receptionist.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Which mail service did the man choose
A.Express. B.Priority. C.First-class.
7.How much did the man spend on the stamps
A.$9. B.$11.35. C.$20.35.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.When did the man start using the websites
A.In college.
B.In high school.
C.In primary school.
9.Which website does the man like best
A..
B..
C..
10.What is the woman probably doing
A.Asking for advice.
B.Doing a survey.
C.Searching a website.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.Why does the woman fancy the washing-up liquid advertisement
A.The product is good.
B.The plot is attractive.
C.The actors are famous.
12.How is the washing-up liquid advertisement
A.Trustworthy.
B.Educational.
C.Widespread.
13.What's the woman's attitude to the advertisement
A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.Who does the woman seek the grammar book for
A.Her daughter. B.Her friend. C.Herself.
15.How is the book Delhi
A.Touching. B.Interesting.
C.Well-received.
16.When can the woman get the novel Delhi
A.This weekend.
B.Next week.
C.Next month.
17.Where does the conversation take place
A.In a library.
B.In a supermarket.
C.In a bookstore.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What is the speaker mainly talking about
A.A travel experience.
B.A travel agency.
C.A travel plan.
19.What is a challenge for the speaker during the trip
A.Poor weather.
B.Unavoidable work.
C.Unavailable Internet access.
20.Which is the best part of the trip
A.Diving in the Great Barrier Reef.
B.Feeding elephants.
C.The hot-air balloon ride.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The 2023 Saving Endangered Species Youth Art Contest
Join us for our 6th annual Endangered Species Youth Art Contest! In celebration of Endangered Species Day (May 19, 2023), Roger Williams Park Zoo is accepting art entries from local K-12 grade students in the New England area showing threatened and endangered species. Together we hope to raise awareness of the importance of saving endangered species and their wild habitats.
Winners will be formally announced by May 2023.
Rules & Art Submission Instructions:
▲All entries are to be submitted electronically. Web form will be made available beginning February 1,2023.
▲Students' artworks must be puter-produced images will NOT be judged.
▲All artworks must be about threatened/endangered species.
▲Each art entry must also include a short explanation (3-5 sentences) as to why saving your chosen species from extinction is important.
Deadline: Entries must be received by Sunday, April 2,2023. Late entries will not be judged.
2023 Art Contest Prizes
GRAND PRIZE
▲One Family RWP Zoo membership (a $149 value; or an extra year added to current Zoo membership)
▲An adopt-an-animal package of your choice
▲One $100 gift card
GRADE CATEGORY WINNERS (Grades K-2, Grades 3-12)
Each winner shall receive:
★Six general daytime admission tickets to RWP Zoo
★One $25 gift card
HONORABLE MENTIONS (Grades K-2,Grades 3-12)
Each honorable mention shall receive:
Four general daytime admission tickets to RWP Zoo
An award certificate
All winning artworks will be highlighted on the Zoo's website and social media pages, and in the Zoo's summer WILD Magazine issue.
21.How can you submit your artwork
A.By sending it in an envelope.
B.By turning it in on the website.
C.By handing it to the zoo in person.
D.By having it delivered to the judges.
22.What should you explain in your entry
A.The habitats of threatened and endangered species.
B.The relationship between humans and endangered species.
C.The measures to protect endangered species.
D.The reason of protecting your targeted species.
23.What award will a grand prize winner get
A.A choice to adopt an animal.
B.One $25 gift card.
C.An exhibition of the artwork all year round.
D.Six general daytime admission tickets to RWP Zoo.
B
On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle's home. Was it due to a fire or a child climbing too high to a dangerous place Rather, it was for helping make a dream come true.
Outdoor activities and a slow pace of life are a mainstay in this rural town. When people were unable to leave the community, Scott Chittle decided they needed a safe place to come together and something joyful during the winter months. And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating
To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3,000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online. It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.
It took a little time and some neighborly persuasion as Chittle went door to door to convince people to come to see his creation, and soon Chittle's backyard ice rink became a Manton hot spot. Children were skating and shooting, a fire was burning, and hot chocolate was steaming in cups.“When things were tough, it was a place,”says Chittle's neighbor Audrey Hooker. “It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”
But the goodwill didn't stop with Chittle. When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1,300, and letters flooded to Chittle's home stuffed with cash. “Almost 30 complete strangers knocked on my door to just shake my hand and say thank you, most of them handing me money as well and three asking for a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a community thing. It's more than me. I want to show the rest of the world what a little effort and the best intentions can do.”
24.Why did fire trucks come to Manton
A.To deal with an emergency.
B.To send water to the community.
C.To ensure people's safety in the town.
D.To help Chittle build the ice rink.
25.What did Chittle do to carry out his project
A.Persuade his neighbors to make donations.
B.Purchase a piece of land behind his house.
C.Turn to the Internet for tips and materials.
D.Research the popular lifestyles in Manton.
26.How did the ice rink affect the community
A.It made the community popular in Manton.
B.It slowed down the pace of the residents' life.
C.It offered people there comfort and company.
D.It inspired the residents to do outdoor activities.
27.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A.Everyone could make a difference to society.
B.Chittle received acts of kindness from others.
C.The community got better due to the ice rink.
D.Chittle was friendly to the whole community.
C
In the 20th century, conservationists set out to restore the Galapagos giant tortoise (巨型陆龟) on Espa ola—and the island ecosystem. From 1963 to 2020, conservationists reintroduced nearly 2,000 Galapagos giant tortoises to Espa ola. Since then, the tortoises have continued to multiply in the wild, causing the population to blossom to an estimated 3,000. They've also seen the ecological transformation of Espa ola.
The tortoises' return has also helped the critically endangered waved albatross (信天翁)—a species that multiplies only on Espa ola. During the island's woody times, Maud Quinzin, a conservation geneticist who has previously worked with Galapagos tortoises, says that people had to repeatedly clear the areas the seabirds use as runways to take off and land. Now, if the landing places are getting overgrown, they'll move tortoises into the area to take care of it for them. The secret to this success is that—much like brown bears and elephants—giant tortoises are ecological architects. As they wander around, they change the landscape. They step on young trees and bushes before they can grow big enough to block the albatrosses' way.
The giant tortoises likewise have a big impact on the giant species of prickly pear cactuses(梨果仙人掌) that call Espa ola home—one of the tortoises' favorite foods and an essential resource for the island's other inhabitants. When the tortoises eat the cactus's fallen leaves, they prevent them from taking root and competing with their parents. And, after they eat the cactus's fruit, they drop the seeds across the island, offering a protective shell of fertilizer.
The extent of these and other ecological effects of the tortoise are documented in a new study by James Gibbs, a conservation scientist of the giant tortoise restoration program. The results, he says, are a good sign for other rewilding projects that include giant tortoise restoration as a keystone of their efforts, such as those underway on other islands of the Galapagos and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean.
28.What is a result of reintroducing the Galapagos giant tortoise to Espa ola
A.Endangerment of other species.
B.Restoration of the local ecosystem.
C.Decrease in giant tortoises' population.
D.Transformation of rewilding projects.
29.How did the giant tortoise influence the waved albatross
A.By reducing the extent of woody plants.
B.By spreading the seeds of a key species.
C.By creating more living habitats for them.
D.By limiting the number of their competitors.
30.What is James Gibbs's attitude towards the giant tortoise project
A.Unclear. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Dismissive.
31.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Endangered Species Are Hard to Be Restored
B.Once-endangered Species Blossom in Galapagos Islands
C.Espa ola Became a Wonderland for Galapagos Giant Tortoises
D.Galapagos Giant Tortoises Prove Their Worth as Ecosystem Engineers
D
In our human-centric view, the ability to shoot ink or change colors may seem odd, but you know what's really odd Menopause (更年期). You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand. Only Orcas (虎鲸) and some whale populations have females that live long past their reproductive years to become grandmothers. But a new, landmark study confirms that at least one population of chimpanzees can now be added to the list.
The discovery comes as the result of 21 years' worth of observing the Ngogo community of wild chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females, aged 14 to 67, showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50, confirming they were in menopause. Interestingly, 50 is also the age when many people begin to experience menopause. “It's really cool to finally have that piece of the puzzle come into place,” says Catherine Hobaiter, a primatologist who was not part of the new study.
But Catherine points out that the Ngogo community lives in a chimp paradise: the resource-rich, well-protected Kibale National Park that also lacks leopards, their main predator. And because the Ngogo community is found in the heart of the park, its only neighbors are other chimps—not humans who can expose chimpanzees to viruses that have devastated other communities. “The Ngogo population may be an outlier when it comes to the rest of the species,” she cautions.
And there is a question concerning “the grandmother effect”, according to which a grandmother has a decidedly beneficial effect on her children and grandchildren. Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don't know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. What they do after the menopause remains a question of interest. “And that's all future work to be done,” said Catherine.
32.What can be learned about menopause
A.It is rare among animals.
B.It is unique to human beings.
C.It just occurs at the age of 50.
D.It is experienced only by females.
33.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Scientists have found the solution to menopause.
B.What happens to the 66 Ngogo females remains a puzzle.
C.There is a puzzle whether chimpanzee females experience menopause.
D.The latest discovery casts new light on the puzzle of animal menopause.
34.Why does Catherine mention the living situation of the Ngogo community
A.To stress the importance of protecting chimpanzees from viruses.
B.To remind researchers of the potential limitation of the new study.
C.To prove that Ngogo chimpanzees are perfect subjects of the study.
D.To argue that the discovery of the new study is completely groundless.
35.How is the last paragraph developed
A.By offering a definition.
B.By drawing a conclusion.
C.By presenting relevant facts.
D.By giving examples and opinions.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Few sights fill you with nostalgia (怀旧) like the fireflies dancing at night. 36. . Their populations are declining around the world as the threats against them are increasing. Sara Lewis, an expert who studies the insects, offers tips on what you can do to ensure that fireflies will continue to light up your backyard.
Create a firefly habitat
37. . With about 2,000 different species of fireflies, there's a wide variety of environments in which they thrive(茁壮成长)—including wetlands, forests, and even city parks—which is why some species are more threatened than others. “You can recreate those conditions in your own backyard simply by leaving some leaf litter around the edges of your property,”Lewis says. “That's a good microhabitat for fireflies.”
38.
Flashing lights is an important part in fireflies' life. As the sun sets, male fireflies move around while flashing their lights to signal their interest. If a nearby female is interested, she flashes back from her position to the ground, and the males fly down to find her. “All of that has to happen for the next generation to survive,” says Lewis. “However, light pollution makes those scenes much harder to see. It's like cutting a phone line. It really stops the romance. 39. . You can draw your curtains at night and turn off the lights completely when possible.”
Stop using pesticides (杀虫剂)
Using pesticides in your yard also poses an existential threat to fireflies, which are insects after all. 40. . Scientists are researching alternatives to chemical pesticides that could target specific species, like mosquitoes, while leaving other insects unharmed.
A.Reduce light pollution
B.Make a fire in the open air
C.Luckily, there are some solutions
D.But these beloved insects are in trouble
E.The living conditions of fireflies are getting better
F.The biggest threat facing fireflies today is the loss of their habitats
G.Most of the pesticides will kill less-beloved insects as well as fireflies
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday 41 to Beijing Zoo. Little did he know that a chance 42 at the aquarium there would bring a lifelong 43 . As Xu Yitang gazed upon varieties of corals (珊瑚虫), a sense of wonder 44 him. Lost in the beauty and mystery of the creatures, he spent the entire afternoon in front of them.
After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 45 the local market to learn coral farming from 46 who sell plants, fish, and corals. He also searched for information online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank and started 47 a coral. “The coral is quite 48 and has extremely high requirements for water quality,” recalls Xu. “When I started growing corals, their 49 was not good.”
As Xu gained knowledge about corals, including how to 50 factors like water temperature, pH levels and trace element (微量元素) concentrations during the cultivation process, his corals gradually started to 51 . As he knew more about the creature, he learned that coral reefs are 52 as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean, providing a home for a quarter of all 53 life. However, with the 54 of the greenhouse effect, rising sea temperatures have led to coral decay. Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and responsibility to protect them.
After graduating from the university, he 55 the opportunity to become a coral conservationist and officially joined a research team in Hainan.
41.A.cake B.celebration C.dinner D.card
42.A.miss B.approval C.encounter D.check
43.A.passion B.consumption C.invitation D.conclusion
44.A.washed over B.broke down
C.faded away D.wandered about
45.A.leave B.ask C.frequent D.tell
46.A.strangers B.merchants C.servants D.passengers
47.A.selling B.drawing C.making D.cultivating
48.A.strong B.beautiful C.huge D.fragile
49.A.shape B.state C.color D.length
50.A.cease B.obtain C.regulate D.predict
51.A.move B.die C.change D.flourish
52.A.known B.dressed C.used D.disguised
53.A.rare B.marine C.adorable D.artificial
54.A.strengthening B.decreasing C.switching D.expanding
55.A.lost B.devoted C.seized D.tackled
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Chinese folk myths and legends, red-crowned cranes 56. (consider) to be birds from heaven. They are a symbol of long life and happiness. Many Chinese gods are portrayed riding the cranes and 57. (fly) through the sky. What makes the red-crowned crane so special
The red-crowned crane gains its name from a patch of red color on the crown. But don't be fooled—the red patch is not a feather but bare skin. The red-crowned crane has a snow-white body and tail feathers, 58. give it a kind of nobility and unmatched beauty. The male bird has 59. black neck and cheeks, while the female's color is grey. The red-crowned crane is among the largest cranes.
The family of the crane has 15 different species in total, and nine of them are in China. The red-crowned cranes in China 60. (main) breed in the northeast such as Heilongjiang. From late September to October, the birds start to migrate south and spend the winter in 61. (province) such as Jiangsu and Shandong.
Yancheng Wetland, 62. (locate) in east China's Jiangsu Province, is a paradise for the red-crowned cranes to spend the winter, not only because the water there never completely 63. (freeze) over winter, but also because the sufficient food 64. safe reeds (芦苇) as a habitat have provided the rare birds 65. an ideal living environment.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
2023年6月5日是第50个世界环境日,主题是“减塑捡塑”(Beat Plastic Pollution)。你校将以此为主题,举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.减少塑料污染的重要性;
2.“减塑捡塑”的倡议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.短文的题目已为你写好,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Beat Plastic Pollution
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Standing at the Police Outpost Lake's edge, I was fishing with Isaiah, my cousin, our fishing tackle box nearby on the shore. Actually, I'd learned to fish from my dad. He'd taught me to fish alone, in silence, lost in my own thoughts, like meditation. He'd taught me everything I knew about fishing. Then, he passed away.
“Jacob, where should I stand ”asked Isaiah.
“Be quiet or else we won't catch any fish,” I whispered.
Isaiah frowned, pouting(噘嘴), but it was “message received”.
“Why do I have to be so quiet ”asked quietly Isaiah. “All those birds are making way more noise than I ever could!”
I ignored him, pulling back on my rod, squinting into the glare of the sun. Out of the corner of my eye, I caught a glimpse of a few great northern loons(潜鸟) gathering together not far from the shoreline. My mind traveled back to the past. My dad had been a fish and wildlife officer. He loved his job, especially the part where he protected nature from humans. When he returned, we sat on the couch together, and he amused me with stories of life on the road. He once mentioned that the loon could easily stab(刺) people to death with its beak!
Suddenly, Isaiah's voice brought me back, “Look, something was coming.” Following the direction he was pointing in, I saw a loon, wailing and making sounds, swam away from the group, toward us.
Walking into the water, getting closer to the loon, we both saw thin wire wrapped around its neck and blood spots on its wing. Fishing line maybe Was it the hook(钩)on the line that made it bleed Was the loon asking us for help
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Reaching down, I touched its head, my heart racing.
Afraid, I held it out at arm's length, and Isaiah cut away the fishing line using the scissors.
答案全解全析
单元提升卷
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了关于濒危物种青年艺术大赛的情况,涉及比赛的规则、奖励等。
21.B 细节理解题。根据Rules & Art Submission Instructions部分中的“All entries are to be submitted electronically. Web form will be made available beginning February 1, 2023.(所有参赛作品均以电子方式提交。网络表格将于2023年2月1日开始提供。)”可知,参赛作品应该通过网络提交。故选B项。
同义表达
B项中的“By turning it in on the website”是Rules & Art Submission Instructions部分中的“be submitted electronically”的同义表达。
22.D 细节理解题。根据Rules & Art Submission Instructions部分中的“Each art entry must also include a short explanation (3-5 sentences) as to why saving your chosen species from extinction is important.[每个参赛的艺术作品还必须包括一个简短的解释(3~5句话),说明为什么拯救你选择的物种免于灭绝是重要的。]”可知,参赛作品中要解释为什么保护你选择的这个物种。故选D项。
23.A 细节理解题。根据GRAND PRIZE部分中的“An adopt-an-animal package of your choice(一个你自己选择的动物收养套餐)”可知,最高奖项获得者可以选择收养一个动物。故选A项。
熟词生义
issue 熟义:n.问题 生义:n.一期,期号
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。由于天气寒冷,居民们活动受限,Scott Chittle决定建造溜冰场,以供社区居民进行户外活动。
24.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知,十二月的晚上,消防车到达了密歇根州沉睡的曼顿小镇,冲向了Chittle的家。结合第二段最后一句“And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating ”和第三段最后一句“It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.”可知,在十二月的一个晚上,消防车赶往曼顿小镇,帮助Chittle修建溜冰场。故选D。
25.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知,为了实现他的梦想,Chittle下载了如何建造溜冰场的说明,然后在网上订购了3,000平方英尺的防水布和一些木头来建造墙壁。据此可知,为了实现建溜冰场这一梦想,Chittle在网上下载了建造教程并购买了所需材料。故选C。
易错分析
本题易错选B项,B项属于偷换概念。根据第三段的“To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3,000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online.”可知,为了实现他的梦想,Chittle下载了如何建造溜冰场的说明,然后在网上订购了一块3,000平方英尺的防水布和一些木头来筑墙。该处并没有说明他买了房子后面的一块地,故排除B项。
26.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“When things were tough, it was a place”可知,当情况艰难时,它是一个地方;结合“It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”可知,在形势艰难的时候,Chittle建的溜冰场成了一个让人们可以聚在一起,感到平静和快乐,而不是担心的地方。由此可推断,Chittle建的溜冰场带给社区居民慰藉和陪伴。故选C。
27.B 句意理解题。根据上文提到的Chittle为社区建溜冰场和画线句下面两句“When the community...Chittle's home stuffed with cash.”可知,当社区听说他花了多少钱来实现这个项目时,每个人都主动帮忙。一场筹款活动带来了大约1,300美元,人们给Chittle家里寄去了装有现金的信件。据此可知,画线部分表示善意并没有在Chittle这里终止,Chittle收到了其他人的善意。故选B。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟被重新引入Espa ola岛后,该岛的生态环境逐渐得以恢复。
28.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“From 1963 to 2020...transformation of Espa ola.”可知,从1963年到2020年,环保主义者将近2,000只加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟放归Espa ola岛。从那以后,这种陆龟在野外持续繁殖,使其数量达到了大约3,000只。他们也看到了Espa ola的生态转型。据此可知,放归加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟的行为有助于恢复当地的生态系统。故选B项。
29.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Now, if the landing places are getting...block the albatrosses' way.”可知,现在,如果着陆点杂草丛生,他们就会把巨型陆龟转移到这个地方来为他们管理这里。这一成功的秘诀在于——就像棕熊和大象一样——巨型陆龟是生态建筑师。当它们四处游荡时,它们改变了景观。在小树和灌木丛长到足以挡住信天翁的路之前,它们就会被巨龟踩倒。据此可知,巨型陆龟的游荡会阻止小树和灌木丛过度生长,即减少了木本植物的范围。故选A项。
30.C 推理判断题。
①根据题干中的关键词“James Gibbs's attitude”定位到最后一段。
②根据最后一段中的“The results, he says...of their efforts” 可知,他说,这一结果对其他将巨型陆龟恢复作为他们努力的基石的再野生化项目来说是一个好兆头。据此可知,James Gibbs认为其他涉及巨型陆龟的再野生化项目有望和该项目一样取得良好的结果,因此他的态度是积极乐观的。故选C项。
技巧点拨
如该题,根据尾段的内容可以推知James Gibbs的态度是积极乐观的。
31.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟被重新引入Espa ola岛后,该岛的生态环境逐渐得以恢复,岛上的信天翁和梨果仙人掌从中受益。因此,D项“加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟证明了自己作为生态系统工程师的价值”契合文章大意,适合作为标题。故选D项。
难句分析
原句 During the island's woody times, Maud Quinzin, a conservation geneticist who has previously worked with Galapagos tortoises, says that people had to repeatedly clear the areas the seabirds use as runways to take off and land.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句中who引导定语从句,修饰先行词a conservation geneticist;that引导宾语从句,作says的宾语;the seabirds use as runways to take off and land为省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词the areas。
译文 曾与加拉帕戈斯陆龟一起工作过的保护遗传学家Maud Quinzin说,在岛上树木繁茂的时期,人们不得不反复清理海鸟用作起降跑道的区域。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现,乌干达基巴莱国家公园的Ngogo种群中的一些雌性黑猩猩在经历更年期后仍然活着,这进一步证明了人类不是唯一经历更年期的物种。
32.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand.”可知,除了人类之外,你可以用一只手来计算经历并安然度过更年期的物种。据此可知,更年期在动物中是很少见的。故选A。
33.D 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前面的内容可知,研究了66只年龄在14岁至67岁之间的来自Ngogo的雌性黑猩猩的尿液,发现它们的激素水平在接近50岁时发生了变化,证实它们已进入更年期。有趣的是,50岁也是许多人开始经历更年期的年龄。据此可知,研究发现一些野生黑猩猩也经历更年期,即找到了研究更年期的线索。由此可知,画线部分与D选项“The latest discovery casts new light on the puzzle of animal menopause.(这一最新发现为解开动物更年期之谜提供了新的线索)”意思相近,符合题意。故选D。
技巧点拨
词义猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个单词或词块的含义,或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词或词块代替。此外,也会考查某一个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。近几年高考中,每套题一般考查一个小题,个别情况考查两个小题,主要考查以下几个方面:(1)纲外陌生词(词块/习语);(2)陌生派生词或合成词;(3)熟词(词块)生义;(4)有特殊含义的词块。词义猜测题正确选项的特征:(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何的关系。(2)上下文逻辑通顺。(3)与原句意思最接近。词义猜测题干扰选项的特征:(1)与所考词汇形似。(2)如果考的是熟词,含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。(3)句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
34.B 推理判断题。
①根据题干中的关键词“the living situation of the Ngogo community”定位到第三段。
②根据第三段中“But Catherine points out that ... leopards, their main predator.”可知,凯瑟琳指出,Ngogo种群生活在黑猩猩的天堂:资源丰富、保护良好的基巴莱国家公园,那里也没有豹子,而豹子是它们的主要捕食者。根据该段中“‘The Ngogo population may be an outlier...species,’ she cautions.”可知,她提醒说:“与其他物种相比,Ngogo种群可能是一个例外。”据此可推知,凯瑟琳提及Ngogo种群的黑猩猩们生活环境优越,不足以代表同物种的其他种群,是为了提醒研究人员这项新研究潜在的局限性。故选B。
技巧点拨
35.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And there is a question...way humans or even orcas do.”可知,研究中还有一个有关“祖母效应”的问题,即祖母对她的子女和孙子、孙女有明显的积极影响。黑猩猩不会形成长期的伴侣关系,雌性在成年后会离开原来的群落寻找新的群落,这意味着黑猩猩的祖母可能并不会像人类或虎鲸那样知道自己的孙子、孙女是谁。据此可知,最后一段通过提到相关的事实,即黑猩猩与人类在“祖母效应”问题上的不同,阐述了进一步研究的方向。由此推知,最后一段是通过提出相关事实来开展的。故选C。
熟词生义
caution 熟义:n.谨慎,小心 生义:v.提醒,告诫
难句分析
原句 Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don't know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do.
分析 本句为并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句,when引导时间状语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity;who引导宾语从句,作know的宾语;humans or even orcas do为省略that的定语从句,修饰先行词way。
译文 黑猩猩不会形成长期的伴侣关系,雌性在成年后会离开去寻找新的群落,这意味着黑猩猩的祖母可能不会像人类或虎鲸那样知道自己的孙子、孙女是谁。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。萤火虫遭受的威胁日益增多,其数量也随之急剧下降。为了能继续欣赏萤火虫在夏夜漫天飞舞的唯美景象,Sara Lewis为我们提供了几个实用的办法保护萤火虫。
①通读全文,把握文章大意和文章结构
文章大意:保护萤火虫
文章结构:总—分
②通读选项,了解各选项的中心点,画出关键词
A.Reduce light pollution(保护萤火虫的方法)
B.Make a fire in the open air(保护萤火虫的方法)
C.Luckily, there are some solutions(承上启下,提出解决措施)
D.But these beloved insects are in trouble(构成转折,说明萤火虫遭遇困境)
E.The living conditions of fireflies are getting better(介绍结果:生活条件改善)
F.The biggest threat facing fireflies today is the loss of their habitats(萤火虫受到的威胁:丧失栖息地)
G.Most of the pesticides will kill less-beloved insects as well as fireflies(杀虫剂的害处)
③把选项一一代入文章空处,寻找每个题最适合的选项
36.D 根据空前内容可知,很少有什么场景能像萤火虫在夜晚飞舞那样让你充满怀旧之情。根据空后内容可知,随着它们面临的威胁不断增加,它们在世界各地的数量正在下降。据此可知,本句应用表示转折的词语,与前文的美好相对,表达萤火虫身处困境或面临威胁,才能与语境相符。D项“But these beloved insects are in trouble (但是这些深受喜爱的萤火虫却身处困境)”符合题意。D项中的连词But表示转折,in trouble与空后的threats相呼应。故选D。
37.F 根据本段小标题“Create a firefly habitat (创造一个萤火虫栖息地)”及后文可知,大约有2,000种不同种类的萤火虫,它们在各种各样的环境中茁壮成长——包括湿地、森林,甚至城市公园。据此可知,此处应谈及与栖息地相关的话题。F项“The biggest threat facing fireflies today is the loss of their habitats(如今萤火虫面临的最大威胁就是它们的栖息地的消失)”符合题意。故选F。
38.A 根据本段内容,尤其是“However, light pollution makes those scenes much harder to see. (然而,光污染使那些场景更难看到。)”可知,本段主要讲述怎样减少光污染对萤火虫的影响。A项“Reduce light pollution (减少光污染)”适合作为本段小标题。故选A。
技巧点拨
该题及上题设空都在段首,特点及技巧如下:
39.C 根据空后“You can draw your curtains at night and turn off the lights completely when possible.(晚上你可以把窗帘拉上,可能的话把灯完全关上。)”可知,这句描述的是对抗光污染的措施,故此处应表达和“措施”相关的话题。C项“Luckily, there are some solutions (幸运的是,有一些解决办法)”符合题意,下文具体介绍了解决办法。故选C。
40.G 根据本段小标题“Stop using pesticides(停止使用杀虫剂)”及空前“Using pesticides in your yard also poses an existential threat to fireflies, which are insects after all. (在你的院子里使用杀虫剂也会对萤火虫构成生存威胁,毕竟萤火虫也是昆虫。)”可知,此处应谈及与杀虫剂相关的话题。G项“Most of the pesticides will kill less-beloved insects as well as fireflies (大部分杀虫剂在杀死不大受喜爱的昆虫的同时也会殃及萤火虫)”符合题意。故选G。
难句分析
原句 With about 2,000 different species of fireflies, there's a wide variety of environments in which they thrive—including wetlands, forests, and even city parks—which is why some species are more threatened than others.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句中in which they thrive为“介词+which”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a wide variety of environments;第二个which引导非限制性定语从句,其中why引导表语从句。
译文 大约有2,000种不同种类的萤火虫,它们在各种各样的环境中茁壮成长——包括湿地、森林,甚至城市公园——这就是有些物种比其他物种更受威胁的原因。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了徐一唐2014年偶然间在水族馆看到了珊瑚,喜欢上了珊瑚,于是开始了解并且自己培育珊瑚。最终大学毕业后,他抓住了成为一名珊瑚保护主义者的机会,正式加入了海南的一个研究小组。
41.B 句意:2014年,中国戏曲学院一名大二学生和朋友一起去北京动物园庆祝生日。根据上文“for a birthday”可知,是去动物园庆祝生日。故选B。cake蛋糕;celebration庆祝;dinner晚餐;card卡片。
42.C 句意:他一点也不知道,在那里的水族馆的一次邂逅会带来一生的热爱。根据后文“As Xu Yitang gazed upon varieties of corals”可知,是一次和珊瑚虫的邂逅。故选C。miss错过;approval赞成;encounter相遇,邂逅;check检查。
43.A 句意同上。根据后文“As Xu Yitang gazed upon varieties of corals”和“Lost in the beauty and mystery of the creatures, he spent the entire afternoon in front of them.”可知,徐一唐喜欢上了珊瑚虫,成了一生的爱好。故选A。passion热爱,热衷的爱好(或活动等);consumption消耗,消费;invitation邀请;conclusion结论。
44.A 句意:当徐一唐凝视着各种各样的珊瑚虫时,一种好奇感涌上心头。根据上文“a sense of wonder”可知,此处指一种好奇感涌上心头。故选A。wash over涌上心头;break down出故障;fade away逐渐消失;wander about闲逛。
易错分析
该题容易错选D项,选错的原因是不知道选项中动词短语的意思和用法,对语境把握不准,误以为D项表示“出现”。考生在复习备考时应当搜集一些常见的动词短语的用法,并熟练掌握。
45.C 句意:在他第一次在水族馆看到珊瑚虫后,他开始经常去当地的市场,向卖植物、鱼和珊瑚虫的商人学习珊瑚虫养殖。根据后文“the local market to learn coral farming”可知,此处指常去当地的市场。故选C。leave离开;ask询问;frequent常去;tell告诉。
46.B 句意同上。根据后文定语从句“who sell plants, fish, and corals”可知,是卖植物、鱼和珊瑚虫的商人。故选B。stranger陌生人;merchant商人;servant仆人;passenger乘客。
47.D 句意:没过多久,他就搭好了一个小鱼缸,开始培育珊瑚虫。根据上文“he had set up a small fish tank and started”可知,搭建鱼缸是为了培育珊瑚虫。故选D。 sell出售;draw绘画;make制作;cultivate培育。
48.D 句意:“珊瑚非常脆弱,对水质的要求非常高。”徐回忆说。根据后文“has extremely high requirements for water quality”可知,珊瑚虫对水质要求高,说明它很脆弱。故选D。strong强壮的;beautiful美丽的;huge巨大的;fragile脆弱的。
49.B 句意:当我开始养珊瑚虫时,它们的状态并不好。后文“As Xu gained knowledge about corals, including how to 50 factors like water temperature, pH levels and trace element concentrations during the cultivation process, his corals gradually started to 51 .”提到随着他增进对珊瑚虫的了解,包括在养殖过程中如何调节水温、pH值和微量元素浓度等因素,他的珊瑚虫逐渐开始茁壮成长,说明他一开始不知道怎么养,珊瑚虫状态并不好。故选B。shape形状;state状态;color颜色;length长度。
50.C 句意:随着他增进对珊瑚虫的了解,包括在养殖过程中如何调节水温、pH值和微量元素浓度等因素,他的珊瑚虫逐渐开始茁壮成长。根据后文“factors like water temperature, pH levels and trace element concentrations during the cultivation process”可知,此处指在养殖过程中如何调节水温、pH值和微量元素浓度等因素,故选C。cease终止;obtain获得;regulate调节,控制;predict预测。
51.D 句意同上。根据句意并结合后文“As he knew more about the creature”可知,随着他不断增加对珊瑚虫的了解,掌握了相关知识,知道怎么养珊瑚虫了,他的珊瑚虫才逐渐开始茁壮成长。故选D。move移动;die死亡;change改变;flourish茁壮成长。
52.A 句意:随着他对这种生物的了解越来越多,他了解到珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”,为四分之一的海洋生物提供了家园。根据后文“as ‘tropical rainforests’”可知,此处为短语be known as表示“被称为”。故选A。know知道; dress穿衣服;use使用;disguise伪装。
53.B 句意同上。根据上文“of the ocean”可知,珊瑚礁为四分之一的海洋生物提供了家园。故选B。rare稀有的;marine海洋的;adorable可爱的;artificial人工的。
54.A 句意:然而,随着温室效应的增强,海洋温度的上升导致了珊瑚的腐烂。根据后文“of the greenhouse effect, rising sea temperatures have led to coral decay”可知,温室效应增强,海洋温度上升从而导致了珊瑚的腐烂。故选A。strengthen加强;decrease减少;switch转换;expand扩大。
55.C 句意:大学毕业后,他抓住了成为一名珊瑚保护主义者的机会,正式加入了海南的一个研究小组。根据后文“the opportunity to become a coral conservationist”可知,此处指抓住机会,成了珊瑚保护主义者。故选C。lose丢失;devote投入;seize抓住;tackle处理。
熟词生义
1.chance 熟义:n.机会 生义:adj.意外的,偶然的
2.frequent 熟义:adj.频繁的,经常发生的
生义:v.常去
难句分析
原句 Little did he know that a chance encounter at the aquarium there would bring a lifelong passion.
分析 本句为主从复合句。本句使用了倒装结构,否定词Little置于句首,构成部分倒装:助动词did放在主语he的前面;that引导宾语从句,作know的宾语。
译文 他一点也不知道,在那里的水族馆的一次邂逅会带来一生的热爱。
第二节
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是丹顶鹤的相关情况。
56.are considered 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在中国民间神话传说中,丹顶鹤被认为是从天上来的鸟。句子描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,丹顶鹤被认为是从天上来的鸟,因此用被动语态,cranes是可数名词复数,谓语用复数形式。故填are considered。
57.flying 考查非谓语动词。句意:许多中国神仙被描绘成驾鹤在空中飞翔。are portrayed是谓语,空处用非谓语动词,gods和fly之间是主动关系,因此空处用现在分词,和riding并列,故填flying。
58.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:丹顶鹤有雪白的身体和尾羽,给它一种高贵和无与伦比的美。空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,主语指代前面主句内容的一部分,因此空处用which引导定语从句,故填which。
59.a 考查冠词。句意:雄鸟有黑色的颈和脸颊,而雌鸟的颜色则是灰色的。neck是可数名词,此处是单数形式,设空处表泛指,且black以辅音音素开头,所以其前应用不定冠词a。故填a。
60.mainly 考查副词。句意:中国的丹顶鹤主要在东北地区进行繁殖,如黑龙江。空处用副词修饰动词breed,main的副词形式是mainly,意为“主要地”。故填mainly。
61.provinces 考查名词复数。句意:从9月下旬到10月,这些鸟开始向南迁徙,在江苏和山东等省份过冬。由such as Jiangsu and Shandong可知,空处应用复数,表示不止一个省,故填provinces。
62.located 考查非谓语动词。句意:盐城湿地位于中国东部的江苏省,是丹顶鹤过冬的天堂,不仅因为那里的水在冬天永远不会完全结冰,而且因为那里有充足的食物和安全的芦苇作为栖息地,为这种珍稀鸟类提供了理想的生存环境。分析句子结构可知,主句谓语动词是is,空处用非谓语动词,Yancheng Wetland和locate之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,因此空处用过去分词作后置定语,故填located。
63.freezes 考查时态和主谓一致。句意见上题。分析句子结构可知,空处作从句的谓语,句子描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,从句主语water是不可数名词,因此空处用第三人称单数形式,故填freezes。
64.and 考查连词。句意见62题。the sufficient food和safe reeds之间是并列关系,句子是肯定句,因此空处用and表并列,故填and。
65.with 考查介词。句意见62题。provide sb. with sth.是固定短语,意为“给某人提供某物”,因此空处用介词with。故填with。
难句分析
原句 Yancheng Wetland, located in east China's Jiangsu Province, is a paradise for the red-crowned cranes to spend the winter, not only because the water there never completely freezes over winter, but also because the sufficient food and safe reeds as a habitat have provided the rare birds with an ideal living environment.
分析 本句是主从复合句。句子主干为Yancheng Wetland is a paradise for the red-crowned cranes to spend the winter;located in east China's Jiangsu Province为过去分词短语作后置定语;not only...but also...连接两个because引导的原因状语从句。
译文 盐城湿地位于中国东部的江苏省,是丹顶鹤过冬的天堂,不仅因为那里的水在冬天永远不会完全结冰,而且因为那里有充足的食物和安全的芦苇作为栖息地,为这种珍稀鸟类提供了理想的生存环境。
第四部分 写作
第一节
写作指导
One possible version:
Beat Plastic Pollution
June 5th, 2023 marks the 50th World Environment Day. As students, it is imperative for us to reflect on the profound theme of this year—“Beat Plastic Pollution”.【点明主题】
Plastic pollution causes severe damage to our planet. Where there is human activity, there is plastic waste, which is affecting marine life, wildlife, and even human health. Moreover, plastic waste contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, worsening the climate crisis.【减少塑料污染的重要性】
It's high time that we took measures to address this issue. Not only should we reduce our plastic consumption, for example, by using cloth shopping bags, but we should actively pick up and recycle plastic garbage and promote a culture of responsibility. 【具体措施】
What makes a real difference is our daily effort. Let's rise to this challenge and make every day a World Environment Day. 【发出倡议】
佳作亮点
1.重点词汇
①reflect on认真思考
②theme n.主题
③affect v.影响
④moreover adv.此外,而且
⑤contribute to导致
⑥pick up捡起
⑦make a difference有影响,有作用,有关系
2.精彩句式
①Where there is human activity, there is plastic waste, which is affecting marine life, wildlife, and even human health. (where引导状语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句) 哪里有人类活动,哪里就有塑料垃圾,塑料垃圾正在影响海洋生物、野生动物,甚至人类健康。
②Not only should we reduce our plastic consumption, for example, by using cloth shopping bags, but we should actively pick up and recycle plastic garbage and promote a culture of responsibility. [not only...but(also)...连接两个并列分句,not only置于句首时其后的分句用部分倒装]我们不仅应该减少塑料的消耗,例如,通过使用布购物袋,而且我们应该积极捡起并回收利用塑料垃圾,促进责任文化。
③What makes a real difference is our daily effort. (What引导主语从句) 真正起作用的是我们每天的努力。
第二节
写作指导
1.分析冲突点,预设故事结尾。
故事人物 Isaiah, I, my dad
情节分析/ 冲突点分析 I was fishing with Isaiah, my cousin.We saw a loon swam away from the group, toward us. We both saw thin wire wrapped around its neck and blood spots on its wing.
预设结尾 “我”和堂弟Isaiah救助了潜鸟,充满了成就感。
2.分析段首句,确定写作思路。
由第一段和第二段首句确定第一段发展方向: 由第一段首句可知,“我”伸手去摸它的头,心跳加速。 梳理情节 情节示例
潜鸟身上有何异样 它为什么游向“我们” 钓线绕在脖子上,鱼钩勾在身上;它在向“我们”求助。
对于救助潜鸟,“我”有何顾虑 爸爸的话对“我”有何帮助 “我们”担心潜鸟挣扎时啄伤“我们”。爸爸的话让“我”想起应当把它当成朋友。
“我”如何下定决心救助潜鸟 “我”让堂弟去取剪刀剪断钓线。
由第二段首句和预设结尾确定第二段发展方向: 由第二段首句可知,“我”很害怕,就用手抵着它,伸到一臂远的地方,Isaiah用剪刀把钓线剪掉。 潜鸟对剪断钓线有何反应 潜鸟没有挣扎,知道“我们”在救它。
“我们”是怎样取下钩子的 “我们”小心翼翼地从潜鸟身上取出钩子。
救助是否成功 “我们”的心情如何 “我们”成功救助了潜鸟,很有成就感。
One possible version:
Reaching down, I touched its head, my heart racing. I could see there was a shiny red hook embedded in its body, and its neck was wrapped tightly by the fishing line. Left like this, the loon couldn't survive. It was asking us to help! But if freed, would it stab us to death with its beak I hesitated. Somehow I felt my dad's presence, “Jacob, the bird won't hurt you. It needs your help. Be brave!” Taking a deep breath, I closed my eyes for a second to calm myself. “Isaiah, go and grab the scissors from the fishing tackle box,” I said firmly. Soon he came back with the tiny pair of scissors and I bent down to pick up the loon.
Afraid, I held it out at arm's length, and Isaiah cut away the fishing line using the scissors. Luckily, the loon was silent and things went well. “Now take out the hook, Isaiah. Hurry!” “All right! I will.” Isaiah bit at his lower lip. Slowly, his slim fingers worked to loosen the hook and pulled it out. Finally, the loon was freed. Isaiah and I breathed a sigh of relief. As I set it down on the water, it slapped its wings down slightly on the surface of the lake, seeming to be saying, “Thank you, boys.” Big smiles formed on our faces with a sense of accomplishment filling our heart. I decided to protect wildlife like my father and felt it our duty to protect nature.
佳作亮点
1.重点词汇
①take a deep breath深呼吸
②take out取出
③breathe a sigh of relief松一口气
④a sense of accomplishment成就感
2.精彩句式
①But if freed, would it stab us to death with its beak (状语从句的省略)但是如果它被放了,它会用它的喙把我们刺死吗
②As I set it down on the water, it slapped its wings down slightly on the surface of the lake, seeming to be saying, “Thank you, boys.”(As引导时间状语从句,现在分词短语作伴随状语)当我把它放在水面上时,它用翅膀轻轻拍打湖面,似乎在说:“谢谢你们,孩子们。”
