Unit 1 Could you please clean your room？单元核心素养培优卷（含答案解析）-2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）

/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语单元核心素养培优卷鲁教版
（五四学制）Unit 1 Could you please clean your room？
本试卷共9页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
“Is it OK to let my child do the chores at home ”“Should I punish（惩罚）him if he 1 to do the chores ”
Parents often think of these questions. 2 should parents do to get their children to do the chores Let’ s read a story first.
Jenny was 3 her grandpa in the country. They enjoyed being with each other very much. Grandpa took Jenny for a ride 4 his car every afternoon. Every night, Grandpa washed his socks and 5 them to dry.
One day, Jenny said to her grandpa,“I want to help your socks.”Jenny was only four years old, 6 her
grandpa agreed. He believed Jenny could do it well. Jenny was 7 to wash the socks for her grandpa.She washed them 8 ,so the socks became very clean. She thought since her little hands could do this work, she could do a lot more for 9 .
So parents should give children chances to do the chores. They should let their children know they are 10 in the family, It’ s very important to a child’s development.
1．A．agrees B．likes C．stops D．refuses
2．A．When B．What C．Where D．Why
3．A．visiting B．calling C．helping D．asking
4．A．in B．to C．on D．of
5．A．touched B．moved C．folded D．hung
6．A．and B．but C．so D．if
7．A．tired B．worried C．happy D．nervous
8．A．quietly B．easily C．quickly D．carefully
9．A．other B．none C．others D．another
10．A．friendly B．helpful C．welcome D．lovely
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
Once there were two neighbors. One of them was an old teacher and the other was an office worker. Both of them planted the same plants in their gardens. The old teacher gave a little water to his plants every day and didn’t always care for them, while his neighbor gave much water to his plants and looked after them well.
The old teacher’s plants were simple but looked good. The office worker’s plants were much taller and greener. One night, there was a heavy rain. The next morning, the office worker saw his plants were uprooted (连根拔起), but the old teacher’s plants stood firmly (稳固地).
The neighbor was surprised and went to the old teacher and asked, “We both grew the same plants together. I looked after my plants better than you did, and I even gave them more water. However, my plants were uprooted, while yours weren’t. Why ”
The old teacher smiled and said, “You gave your plants more water, so they didn’t need to work for it. I gave them a little water, so their roots grew deeper to get more water. It made them stronger.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11．How did the old teacher care about his plant
A．He gave his plants a little water. B．He was too old to look after his plants.
C．He took good care of his plants. D．He asked his neighbor to help with his plants.
12．What happened to the office worker’s plants after a heavy rain
A．His plants stood firmly. B．His plants looked better. C．His plants were uprooted. D．His plants became greener.
13．What do you think of the old teacher according to the passage
A．Interesting. B．Smart. C．Friendly. D．Stupid.
14．What can we know from the passage
A．The old teacher was very good at planting.
B．The office worker was the old teacher’s student before.
C．The old teacher didn’t like working with the office worker.
D．The office worker’s plants were different from the teacher’s.
15．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Growing plants is not as easy as it looks.
B．Too much care can make us become weak.
C．A heavy rain can make the plants in the garden die.
D．Plants know how to look after themselves in the heavy rain.
B
An exhausted (筋疲力尽的) looking woman came into the doctor’s office.
She said, “Doctor, there are a lot of dogs all over my neighborhood. They bark (犬吠) all day and all night, and I can’t get a good sleep.”
“I have good news for you,” the doctor said, taking out a small bottle. “Here are some new sleeping pills (安眠药). A few of these and your trouble will be over.” “Great, thank you.” the woman was very glad to go back home with pills. A few weeks later, the woman came again, looked worse than ever. She said “Doctor, your pills are not good at all. I’m more tired than before.” “I don’t understand how that could be,” said the doctor, shaking his head, “Those are the strongest pills on the market.” “That may be true,” answered the woman, “but I’m still up all night running after those dogs and when I finally catch one, it’s hard to get him to eat the pills.”
16．The woman came to see the doctor because _____.
A．her dog was ill B．she was bitten (被咬) by dogs
C．she couldn’t sleep well D．her son was ill
17．The doctor gave some pills to the woman for _____.
A．the dogs B．herself C．her son D．her neighbors
18．The woman got _____ in a few weeks.
A．worse B．healthier ` C．better D．stronger
19．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The doctor gave the woman wrong pills.
B．The woman liked to run with the dogs.
C．The woman took the pills but the pills didn’t work at all.
D．The woman might feel better if she took the pills.
20．When he heard what the woman said, the doctor might think that _____.
A．he gave the woman the right pills
B．the woman was a very clever person
C．the woman was very foolish (愚蠢的)
D．he should give the woman the pills again
C
Do teenagers in small villages do chores at home How about the teenagers in big cities Here is a survey. We asked 4,000 teenagers in China several questions. Half of them come from big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The others are from small villages. We made a diagram of the result of our survey. Let’s have a look at it. We found out that teenagers from small villages do more chores than those from big cities. Maybe it is because they live a harder life. Our advice to parents in big cities is that parents should give their children some chores to do. Doing chores teaches teenagers to take care of themselves.
21．They surveyed ______ teenagers from small villages.
A．1,000 B．2,000 C．3,000 D．4,000
22．There are 1,000 teenagers from the cities who ______.
A．take out the trash
B．do the dishes
C．make the bed
D．fold the clothes
23．Fewer than ______ teenagers in big cities sweep the floor and make the bed.
A．500 B．1,000 C．1,500 D．2,000
24．The number of teenagers ______ in big cities is bigger than that in small villages.
A．making the bed
B．taking out the trash
C．folding the clothes
D．doing the dishes
25．Why did they make the survey
A．Because they don’t want teenagers in China to do chores at home.
B．Because they thought it will help teenagers to take good care of themselves to do chores.
C．Because they wanted to know if teenagers in China do chores at home.
D．Because they thought it is not necessary for teenagers to look after themselves.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从方框内所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有一项多余）
Have you thought about relaxing by clearing out all the things you don’t need any more. 26 It shows freeing up space helps clear your mind and increase your happiness.
27
Maybe you’ve been given new clothes, toys or books and haven’t yet found a place to store them in your room. Spending more time indoors means taking things out to use or play with. Before you realize it, your bedroom gets messy and there’s not enough space to tidy everything away.
Why do you tidy up
Having a big clear-out of things you don’t want or use any more feels good. Some psychologists believe messy rooms can influence your brain. 28 Staying in an untidy room is stressful and even makes it harder to make decisions. When your room is clean and tidy, you don’t need to spend ages looking for missing socks or schoolbooks. 29 Tidying up takes more time, energy and effort, but the results make you happy, relaxed and can help you sleep better.
Where do you start
Staying organized can be a challenge for anyone and some find it harder than others. Start small and set easy, manageable tasks, such as cleaning one surface or drawer at a time. Try setting a timer and racing yourself to see how many things you can tidy in 10 minutes. 30 Ask brothers or sisters to help decide what to keep and what to give away. You can also get more active by thinking about how you will use all your free space when you’ve finished.
A．Tidy space, tidy mind.
B．How does mess happen
C．How often do you help with chores
D．Listening to music can help make tidying fun.
E．This frees time and space for the things you enjoy.
F．They can also take your attention away from other things.
三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
31．A kangaroo can run as (fast) as a bus.
32．Many foreigners see the fast development of China in (surprised).
33．“You can’t play computer games all day and all night,” the mother said (angry) to her son.
34．You (pass) the exam next Monday if you study hard all the time.
35．Why not (develop) our plans with the help of the teacher
36．Mr. Wang (提供) many school things for children in poor areas last Children’s Day.
37．He (使落下) his new bowl on the floor yesterday, and it was broken.
38．Tom has lived in Beijing (自从) 2018.
39．In order to show the (公平) of education, our country carried out some rules to reduce students’ pressure.
40．When winter comes, the temperature (下降) quickly and we like to make snowmen.
四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
41．艾伦一做完他的家庭作业就出去玩了。
Alan went out to play he finished his homework.
42．在辩论赛中，我的团队成员们相互依靠，而且我们表现得非常出色。
In the debate competition, my team each other and we did really well.
43．青少年现如今太过于依赖他们的父母了。
Teenagers these days their parents too much.
44．对于我们来说，依靠我们自己很重要。
is very important for us on ourselves.
45．为了完成这些项目，人们正努力地工作。
finish these projects, people are working hard.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，选择适当的单词并用其正确的形式填空，使短文意思完整。选项只用一次，有两项多余。
elder, example, without, and, computer, compare, other, get, depend communicate, argue, offer
Mrs. Taylor has two sons. One is Simon and the 46 is Peter. Simon is fourteen years old and Peter is thirteen. Simon is Peter’ s 47 brother. Mrs. Taylor likes Simon better. The boy doesn’t 48 on her at all. He always does things by himself. 49 Mrs. Taylor’ s help, he has learned how to swim, ride a bike and fold clothes. And he often 50 help when Mrs. Taylor does housework. For 51 , in the morning he always helps her make breakfast. Mrs. Taylor 52 on well with Simon. When she has problems, she always 53 with Simon. Sometimes she can get really good advice from Simon.
Mrs. Taylor doesn’t like Peter because the boy is very lazy. He is only interested in playing 54 games. Peter dislikes his mother because she is always 55 him with Simon. He wants to be himself. So he often argues with his mother. Sometimes he even doesn’t talk to his mother for a long time.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
Different parents have different ideas about whether kids should do chores at home. Ms. Miller doesn’t think parents should make their kids h 56 with housework and chores at home. Kids these days already have enough s 57 from school. They should spend their time on schoolwork in o 58 to get good grades and get into a good university. And when they get older, they will have to do housework though there is no n 59 for them to do it now. But Mr. Smith thinks it is important for children to learn h 60 to do chores and help their parents with housework. It is not enough to just get good grades at school. Children these days depend on their parents too much. D 61 chores helps to develop children’ s independence and teaches them how to look after t 62 . It also helps them to understand the idea of f 63 . They should know that everyone should do their part in k 64 the house clean and tidy. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the b 65 it is for their future.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
People find that children as young as 18 months can help with chores. When parents say to those children“Just look at the paper”, they will pick it up.
Some parents think childhood is just for playing, so they don’t ask their children to do chores. Other parents say, “I know it’ s wrong, but it’ s quicker to do it by myself!”But most parents believe that doing chores is a way of teaching kids responsibility（责任）. Children learn to help, share and care about others by doing chores. Things like taking care of a pet or a baby and helping make meals are some examples（例子）of helping others.
Reasons for doing chores:
To learn responsibility: Most people believe that
doing chores is good for kids.
To share the workload: Kids that help clean won’t make a big mess.
To learn skills: Kids will learn how to cook, clean and do other things in the house.
There are benefits（益处）and challenges（挑战）when doing chores, so start to help your parents with the chores. You will learn a lot by doing them.
阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的选项补全句子，将字母填到横线上。
66．Children as young as 18 months can .
67．Most parents think that chores is a way to .
68．Taking care of a cat, looking after a baby and are helping others.
69．If kids help clean, they won’t .
70．When children help their parents do chores, they will .
A．learn a lot B．help with chores C． make a big mess D．helping make meals E. teach kids responsibility
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
71．学生做家务不仅可以培养劳动意识，而且有利于掌握一些生活技能。假设学校正在开展“珍爱亲情，我爱做家务”的征文活动，请你针对该话题写一篇英语短文。
要求:1.条理清楚，语义连贯，句式规范。
2.词数100左右，文意开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
As a middle school student, I think doing housework is good for me.
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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B
【分析】该不该让孩子做家务？很多家长都不知道到底该怎么办。这篇短文给我们讲述了四岁的Jenny给爷爷洗袜子的故事，告诉我们，家长们应该让孩子做家务，这样他们会感觉对这个家他们是很有帮助的，这对于孩子的发展非常重要。
1．句意：如果他拒绝做家务我应该惩罚他吗？
考查动词辨析及语境。agree同意；like喜欢；stop停止；refuse拒绝。根据句意Shall I punish him…可知，惩罚某人，因此这里表示“拒绝做家务”，故应选D。
2．句意：家长们应该做什么来让他们的孩子做家务？
考查疑问词辨析及语境。When什么时候；What什么；Where在哪里；Why为什么。根据句子结构可知，…should parents do 后缺少宾语，故应用疑问代词What。选B。
3．句意：Jenny正在拜访乡下的爷爷。
考查动词辨析及语境。visiting参观；calling打电话；helping帮助；asking问。根据下文They enjoyed being with each other very much.可知，爷爷和Jenny待在一起，可推断这里表示“参观；访问”，故选A。
4．句意：爷爷每天下午开车带着Jenny兜风。
考查介词辨析及语境。in在……里面；to到……；on在……上面；of……的。这里考查固定短语in one’s car坐某人的车。故选A。
5．句意：每天晚上，爷爷洗袜子并把它们挂起来晾干。
考查动词辨析及语境。touch接触；move移动；fold折叠；hang悬挂。根据句意可知，洗完袜子应该挂起来晾干，故应选D。
6．句意：Jenny只有四岁，但是她的爷爷同意了。
考查连词辨析及语境。and和，而且，表示并列；but但是，表示转折；so因此，所以；if如果；是否。空前Jenny was only four years old与空后her grandpa agreed二者之间是转折关系，应使用but进行连接。选B。
7．句意：Jenny非常开心给她的爷爷洗袜子。
考查形容词辨析及语境。tired疲倦的；worried担心的；happy高兴的；nervous紧张的。爷爷答应珍妮的要求，珍妮应该很高兴去做这件事。故应选C。
8．句意：她仔细地洗袜子，所以袜子变得很干净。
考查副词辨析及语境。quietly安静地；easily轻易地；quickly迅速地；carefully认真地。根据后半句so the socks became very clean可知，袜子变得很干净，由此可推断珍妮应该洗的很认真。故选D。
9．句意：她想既然她的小手能做这个事情，她可以为别人做的更多。
考查代词辨析及语境。other别的；none一个也没有；others其他的人或物，是一个代词；another另一个。 根据句子结构可知，空格处所填单词作for的宾语，结合句意可知，这里表示“为其他人……”，故应选C。
10．句意：他们应该让孩子们知道他们在家庭里是有帮助的。
考查形容词辨析及语境。friendly友好的；helpful有帮助的；welcome受欢迎的；lovely意为可爱的。根据上文So parents should give children chances to do the chores.可知，家长们给孩子机会做家务，这说明他们是有帮助的，故选B。
【点睛】这篇短文通过讲述四岁的Jenny帮助爷爷洗袜子的故事，告诉家长们，应该让孩子做家务。短文主题明确，文章是夹叙夹议的体裁，论点明确，叙述清晰，内容贴近教材话题和学生们的日常生活，比较容易理解。题型是完形填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据上下文语境做题，注意空前后的固定搭配，并仔细辨析选项中单词的意思和用法；最后将答案代入原文，再读一遍，检查答案是否正确。例如第3小题，考查动词辨析及语境。visiting参观；calling打电话；helping帮助；asking问。根据下文They enjoyed being with each other very much.可知，爷爷和Jenny待在一起，可推断这里表示“参观；访问”，故选A。再如第10小题，考查形容词辨析及语境。friendly友好的；helpful有帮助的；welcome受欢迎的；lovely意为可爱的。根据上文So parents should give children chances to do the chores.可知，家长们给孩子机会做家务，这说明他们是有帮助的，故选B。
11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个老师和一个办公室职员都在花园里种植了相同的植物，职员对植物照顾的非常好，而老师只是给它们浇一点点水；后来一场暴风雨后，职员的植物被连根拔起，而老师的却安然无恙。职员很惊讶，老师对他说：我只是给了它们一点点水，所以它们的根长得更深，以获得更多的水，这让它们更坚强。对待人也是一样的道理，过度呵护会使我们变得脆弱。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段“The old teacher gave a little water to his plants every day and didn’t always care for them,”可知，那位老教师每天给植物浇少量的水。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The next morning, the office worker saw his plants were uprooted,”可知，第二天早上，办公室职员看到他的植物被连根拔起。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“I gave them a little water, so their roots grew deeper to get more water. It made them stronger.”可知，老教师给它们一点点水，使它们的根长得更深，以便得到更多的水，使他们更强壮，由此推断老教师是很明智的。故选B。
14．推理判断题。通读全文可知，老教师给植物浇少量的水，没有过度呵护，结果植物在大雨过后安然无恙。由此推断老教师擅长种植物。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“You gave your plants more water, so they didn’t need to work for it.”可知，一味地浇水会使植物的根弱化，而适量的浇水可以让植物的根去自主寻找更多的水分。对待人也是一样的道理，过度呵护会使我们变得脆弱。故选B。
16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了一位疲惫的女士向医生寻求帮助，因为家附近的小狗让她晚上不能睡好，医生给她开了安眠药，但是她以为是让小狗吃的，晚上花费大量精力追狗给狗喂药。
16．细节理解。根据文中“She said, “Doctor, there are a lot of dogs all over my neighborhood. They bark (犬吠) all day and all night, and I can’t get a good sleep.” ”可知，因为她不能睡的很好。故选C。
17．细节理解。根据文中“Here are some new sleeping pills (安眠药). A few of these and your trouble will be over.”可知，医生给安眠药是给她自己吃的。故选B。
18．细节理解。根据文中“A few weeks later, the woman came again, looked worse than ever.”可知，这位女士比以前变得更糟。故选A。
19．推理判断。根据文中“but I’m still up all night running after those dogs and when I finally catch one, it’s hard to get him to eat the pills.”可知，那位女士不是自己的吃的药，她给小狗吃了，如果她自己吃了状况会变好。故选D。
20．推理判断。根据文中“Those are the strongest pills on the market.” “That may be true,” answered the woman, “but I’m still up all night running after those dogs and when I finally catch one, it’s hard to get him to eat the pills.”可知，当医生听到那位女士说的可能会认为她是傻的。故选C。
【点睛】仔细研读语段，整体感知文章内容。通常阅读一篇文章，第一遍需要速读，首先要重点理解文章的体裁是记叙文还是说明文。答题时切忌文章都没完整的阅读过，就匆匆忙忙写答案。最好先把文章从头到尾通读一遍，对文章有一个整体的认识和理解。然后再根据上下文做推理判断题，例如第4小题，根据文中 “but I’m still up all night running after those dogs and when I finally catch one, it’s hard to get him to eat the pills.”可知，那位女士不是自己的吃的药，她给小狗吃了，如果她自己吃了状况会变好。故选D。
21．B 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．C
【分析】这篇短文中作者主要讲述了在中国4000多名青少年中就是否做家务做的调查报告的结果。从结果中可以看到农村的孩子比大城市的孩子做的家务相对要多一些。
21．推理判断题。根据短文“We asked 4,000 teenagers in China several questions. Half of them come from big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The others are from small villages.”可知总共4000名青少年，一半来自大城市，其余来自农村，由此推算农村有2000青少年。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据表格可以看出选A。有1000名来自城市的青少年倒过垃圾。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据表格，大城市的青少年扫地的有850，整理床铺的有750，总共1600，故比起这两样的人数少于2000，故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据表格可以看出，只有叠衣服的人数城市多用于农村，故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据短文“Do teenagers in small villages do chores at home ”可知这次调查想知道青少年是否做家务。故选C。
26．A 27．B 28．F 29．E 30．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了整理房间的重要性以及如何开始整理，文章通过心理学观点和实际建议，说明整洁的环境对心理和生活的积极影响，并提供了具体的整理方法。
26．根据下文“It shows freeing up space helps clear your mind and increase your happiness.”可知，空白处强调整洁空间与心理状态的关系，选项A“整洁的空间，整洁的头脑。”符合语境。故选A。
27．根据下文“Maybe you’ve been given new clothes, toys or books and haven’t yet found a place to store them in your room…Before you realize it, your bedroom gets messy and there’s not enough space to tidy everything away.”并结合选项可知，空白处引出杂乱的原因，选项B“杂乱是怎么发生的？”符合语境。故选B。
28．根据上文“Some psychologists believe messy rooms can influence your brain.”并结合选项可知，此处补充杂乱的不良影响，选项F“它们也会把你的注意力从其他事情上转移开。”符合语境。故选F。
29．根据上文“When your room is clean and tidy, you don’t need to spend ages looking for missing socks or schoolbooks.”并结合选项可知，此处强调整理后腾出的时间和空间，选项E“这为你喜欢的事情腾出时间和空间。”符合语境。故选E。
30．根据上文“Try setting a timer and racing yourself to see how many things you can tidy in 10 minutes.”及下文“Ask brothers or sisters to help decide what to keep and what to give away.”可知，此处与整理方法有关，选项D“听音乐可以让整理变得有趣。”符合语境。故选D。
31．fast
【解析】句意：袋鼠跑得能和公共汽车一样快。as... as意为“和……一样”，中间用副词或者形容词原级，此处用副词fast修饰动词run。故填fast。
32．surprise
【解析】句意：许多外国人惊讶地看到中国的快速发展。空格处需填入名词作介词in的宾语，构成短语in surprise，表示“惊讶地”。形容词surprised需转换为名词surprise才能充当宾语。故填surprise。
33．angrily
【解析】句意：“你不能整天整夜地玩电脑游戏，” 妈妈生气地对她的儿子说。括号中给出的词是形容词angry，需转换为副词angrily，修饰动词said，表示“生气地说”。 angrily在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词，说明说话时的状态。 故填angrily。
34．will pass
【解析】句意：如果你一直努力学习，你下周一将通过考试。根据“if you study hard all the time.”可知，此句是if引导的条件状语从句，句子主句部分描述的是将来有可能实现的动作，因此应用一般将来时，动词用“will + 动词原形”，will pass“将通过”。故填will pass。
35．develop
【解析】句意：为什么不在老师的帮助下制定我们的计划呢？develop 意为“发展，开发，研制”，是动词原形。why not do sth.意为“为什么不做某事”，表示用来提出某种建议等，not后面接动词原形。故填develop。
36．provided
【解析】句意：去年儿童节，王先生为贫困地区的孩子们提供了许多学习用品。“提供”provide，根据“last Children’s Day”可知此处是一般过去时，应用过去式。故填provided。
37．dropped
【解析】句意：他昨天把他的新碗掉在地上了，碗碎了。drop“使落下”，动词；根据题干中的“yesterday”可知，本题描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，drop的过去式是dropped。故填dropped。
38．since
【解析】句意：汤姆自从2018年以来一直住在北京。“自从”since，介词。故填since。
39．fairness
【解析】句意：为了体现教育的公平性，我国实施了一些规则来减轻学生的压力。根据“the...of education”可知，此处用名词fairness “公平”，不可数名词。故填fairness。
40．drops
【解析】句意：当冬天来临时，气温下降很快，我们喜欢堆雪人。下降drop，动词，根据“When winter comes”可知，此句为一般现在时，主语“the temperature”为第三人称单数，drop用第三人称单数形式，故填drops。
41．as soon as
【解析】根据中英文对照可知空格处缺中文“一……就……”的翻译，英文对应“as soon as”，引导时间状语从句。故填as soon as。
42．depended on
【解析】depend on“依靠”，结合“did”可知时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填depended on。
43．depend on
【解析】depend on sb“依赖某人”，根据“these days”可知句子应用一般现在时，主语为Teenagers，谓语用动词原形。故填depend；on。
44．It to depend
【解析】“it’s adj. for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，depend on“依靠”。句子开头首字母大写。故填It；to；depend。
45．In order to
【解析】In order to“为了”，故填In；order；to。
46．other 47．elder 48．depend 49．Without 50．offers 51．example 52．gets 53．communicates 54．computer 55．comparing
【分析】Taylor夫人有两个儿子，大儿子叫Simon，小儿子叫Peter。这两个孩子完全不同，Simon喜欢做家务，比较独立，与Taylor夫人相处得很好。而Peter正相反，他比较懒，爱玩电脑游戏，不喜欢妈妈，因为她总是拿他和哥哥比。
46．句意：一个叫Simon，另一个叫Peter。
根据上句话Mrs. Taylor has two sons.可知，Taylor有两个儿子，故这里表示两者中的另一个，应填other。
47．句意：Simon是Peter的哥哥。
根据上句话Simon is fourteen years old and Peter is thirteen可知，Simon14岁，Peter13岁，因此Simon是哥哥，故这里应填elder，意为“年龄较大的”。
48．句意：这个男孩根本不依赖她。
根据下句话He always does things by himself.可知，Simon总是自己做事情，他不依赖妈妈。这里考查的是固定短语depend on，意为“依赖，依靠”。空前有助动词doesn’t，故这里填动词原形depend。
49．句意：没有Taylor夫人的帮助，他就已经学会了游泳、骑自行车和叠衣服。
根据上文He always does things by himself.可知，Simon总是自己做事情，不依赖妈妈，所以他学会这些事情，不需要妈妈的帮助。故这里填Without。
50．句意：当Taylor夫人做家务的时候，他经常主动帮忙。
根据下文in the morning he always helps her make breakfast.可知，Simon总是主动帮助妈妈做家务，应用动词offer。短文使用的是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，故这里填三单形式offers。
51．句意：例如，在早上，他总是帮助妈妈做早饭。
根据句意可知，这里举例说明Simon帮助妈妈做家务，考查短语for example，意为“例如”，故这里填example。
52．句意：Taylor夫人和Simon相处得非常好。
根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语get on (well) with sb.和某人相处得好，故用动词get。主语Mrs. Taylor是第三人称单数，故这里应填gets。
53．句意：当她有问题的时候，她总是和Simon交流。
根据下句话Sometimes she can get really good advice from Simon.“她能从Simon那里获得好的建议”，由此可知，Taylor经常和Simon交流，应用communicate，是一个动词。主语she是第三人称单数，故这里填communicates。
54．句意：他只对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。
根据空前后…playing…games可知，这里考查computer games“电脑游戏”，这里应填computer。
55．句意：Peter不喜欢他的妈妈，因为她总是拿他和Simon比较。
根据文意可知，上文讲述了Simon是一个爱做家务、和妈妈相处比较好的孩子；而这一段Peter正好相反。由此可知，Taylor夫人经常比较两个孩子，故这里应选择compare，意为“比较，对比”。空前有is，这里应用现在进行时，与always搭配，表示厌恶的感彩。因此这里应填现在分词comparing。
【点睛】短文给我们介绍了Taylor夫人的两个儿子。短文内容贴近学生们的日常生活，容易理解。题型是选择适当的单词，用其正确的形式完成短文，考查单词在具体语境中的使用。做题时，应先浏览所给单词，弄清楚每个单词的意思，做到心中有数；然后阅读短文，根据文意选择适当的单词；再根据句中使用的时态、句型等，变化单词的形式。例如第2小题，根据上句话Simon is fourteen years old and Peter is thirteen可知，Simon14岁，Peter13岁，因此Simon是哥哥，故这里应填elder，意为“年龄较大的”。再如第10小题，根据文意可知，上文讲述了Simon是一个爱做家务、和妈妈相处比较好的孩子；而这一段Peter正好相反。由此可知，Taylor夫人经常比较两个孩子，故这里应选择compare，意为“比较，对比”。空前有is，这里应用现在进行时，与always搭配，表示厌恶的感彩。因此这里应填现在分词comparing。
56．help 57．stress 58．order 59．need 60．how 61．Doing 62．themselves 63．fairness 64．Keeping 65．better
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了不同的父母对孩子是否应该在家做家务有不同的看法。
56．句意：米勒女士认为父母不应该让他们的孩子在家帮忙做家务。
短语help with…表示帮助做……；短语make sb. do sth.表示帮助某人做某事；根据句意及首字母提示，故填help。
57．句意：现在的孩子已经有足够的压力了。
根据下文from school.可知上文是说足够的压力。Stress的意思是“压力”，根据句意，故填stress。
58．句意：他们应该把时间花在学习上，以便取得好成绩，进入一所好大学。
根据下文get good grades and get into a good university.可知这里是表示目的；in order to do sth.表示目的是做某事，根据句意，故填order。
59．句意：当他们长大后，他们将不得不做家务，尽管现在没有必要做。
there is no need for sb.to do sth.表示对于某人来说没有必要做某事。根据句意，故填need。
60．句意：但史密斯先生认为，对孩子们来说，学习如何做家务和帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。
这里是疑问词+to do的形式，这里是说怎样做家务。根据句意，故填how。
61．句意：做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性，并教会他们如何照顾自己。
这里是动名词做主语。短语 do . chores做家务；根据句意，故填Doing。
62．句意：做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性，并教会他们如何照顾自己。
look after oneself表示照顾某人自己；主语是Children，这里用themselves，意思是“他们自己”，根据句意，故填themselves。
63．句意：这也有助于他们理解公平的概念。
根据下文They should know that everyone should do their part in k　　9　　 the house clean and tidy. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the b　　10　　 it is for their future.可知上文是说理解公平的意义。根据句意，故填fairness。
64．句意：他们应该知道每个人都应该尽自己的职责保持房子的整洁。
do their part in doing sth.表示参与做某事。短语keep the house clean and tidy.表示保持房子干净和整洁。根据句意，故填keeping。
65．句意：孩子越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。
The+比较级……；the+比较级……，表示越……就越……。这里用good的比较级better。根据题意，故填better。
66．B 67．E 68．D 69．C 70．A
【分析】人们发现18个月大的孩子就可以帮助做家务了，很多家长都认为做家务是培养孩子的责任心的一个好方法。短文中介绍了让孩子做家务的很多理由。
66．根据短文开头People find that children as young as 18 months can help with chores可知，18个月大的孩子就可以帮助做家务了。由此可知这里应选B。
67．根据短文第二段中But most parents believe that doing chores is a way of teaching kids responsibility可知，大多数家长认为做家务是教孩子责任心的一种方式。题目中使用了句型a way to…，后面跟动词原形，故应选E。
68．根据短文第二段最后一句话Things like taking care of a pet or a baby and helping make meals are some examples（例子）of helping others.可知，像照顾宠物或者婴儿、帮助做饭都是帮助别人的例子。由此可知应选D。
69．根据短文中To share the workload: Kids that help clean won’t make a big mess可知，帮助打扫卫生的孩子不会把事情弄得一团糟。由此可知应选C。
70．根据短文中To learn skills: Kids will learn how to cook, clean and do other things in the house.可知，通过做家务，孩子还可以学会其他的事情，故应选A。
71．例文
As a middle school student, I think doing housework is good for me.
First, doing housework can not only develop my ability to look after myself well but also make me independent. After all, I can’t depend on others all my life.
Second, doing housework can help share my parents’work. It can also improve the relationship between my parents and me.
Finally, doing housework can keep my room tidy, so I can have a comfortable place to live and study.
In short, it’s really good for students to do housework at home.
【解析】题干解读：题目要求对学生做家务这一话题，发表自己的看法，讲述学生做家务的一些好处。这是一个话题作文，题目中只给出了写作的话题，而具体的写作内容，需要学生们自己发挥想象力进行详细地阐述。短文应使用一般现在时、第一人称来叙述。
例文点评：例文写得非常优秀，文章是总分总的结构，层次清晰。第一段点明文章主旨，下面从三个方面叙述了做家务的好处，使用了First, Second和Finally，叙述详细、清晰。最后用一句话作总结。句式结构文章，符合英语的表达需要。语法规范、语言准确。
高分亮点：
短语：As a middle school student；is good for；look after；After all；depend on；all my life；keep my room tidy；have a comfortable place to live and study；In short。
句型：I think doing housework is good for me.；First, doing housework can not only develop my ability to look after myself well but also make me independent；Finally, doing housework can keep my room tidy, so I can have a comfortable place to live and study.；In short, it’s really good for students to do housework at home
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