Unit 3 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？单元核心素养培优卷（含答案解析）-2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）

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2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语单元核心素养培优卷鲁教版
（五四学制）Unit 3 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
During the Jin Dynasty (265—420), there 1 a child named Che Yin. He was 2 and loved to read. He grew up in a poor family and couldn’t pay for lamp oil (油) to 3 at night.
One night, he saw fireflies (萤火虫) 4 his house and thought of an idea. He 5 some fireflies in a cloth bag and used the bag as a lamp. It is said that he 6 all of his summer nights reading like this.
Another child named Sun Kang also loved 7 . One night during 8 , Sun used up all of his lamp oil and 9 study at night. When he woke up at midnight, he saw the snow reflecting (反射) the moonlight outside his house. “Oh, I can use the reflected light 10 !” he thought. He took out his books and read, though he was freezing cold.
Both of these kids later became 11 . People were touched by their hardworking spirit (精神) and turned their stories into the Chinese idiom (成语) nang ying ying xue (囊萤映雪).
In the past, people had a 12 harder time studying than we do. They might have to copy books by hand because there were few books then. For poor families, paper and writing brushes (毛笔) were often too 13 . Students even had to travel very far to find a good 14 . But these difficulties did not stop young minds from learning.
All of us can learn a lot from these stories. They don’t take place in modern times, 15 they are just like the light of fireflies—they light up the road to knowledge.
1．A．were B．are C．is D．was
2．A．smart B．foolish C．sad D．generous
3．A．play B．study C．draw D．dance
4．A．down B．with C．outside D．between
5．A．caught B．found C．bought D．brought
6．A．took B．spent C．cost D．paid
7．A．speaking B．listening C．writing D．reading
8．A．summer B．spring C．winter D．autumn
9．A．couldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
10．A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
11．A．famous B．rich C．poor D．kind
12．A．little B．much C．less D．more
13．A．high B．cheap C．expensive D．low
14．A．painter B．postman C．doctor D．teacher
15．A．and B．but C．because D．so
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
According to Chinese legend (传说), the Meng family with an old childless couple, lived next door to the Jiang family—also an old childless couple—in Jiangnan. One year, Old Man Meng planted a gourd vine (葫芦藤). The vine grew into his neighbor’s yard and produced a gourd there. When they cut open the gourd, they found a baby girl inside. Surprised and happy, the two families decided to raise her together. They named her Meng Jiangnv.
When Meng Jiangnv grew up, she chose to marry a young man named Fan Xiliang. But on their wedding day, soldiers took Xiliang to work on the Great Wall. Life there was hard and many workers died. After a year without any news from Xiliang, Meng Jiangnv went to look for him. She traveled far to the Great Wall, only to learn that Xiliang had died from overwork and was buried under it.
Distraught, Meng Jiangnv cried and hit the wall, causing part of it to fall and uncover many bones. She then bit her finger and tested each bone with her blood, hoping to find her husband’s by seeing if the bones absorbed it. When she found Xiliang’s bones, she held them and cried.
The angry emperor of Qin Dynasty looked into the damage to his wall. When he saw Meng Jiangnv he fell for her beauty and wanted to marry her. Meng Jiangnv said she would only marry him on three conditions—first, her husband must be given a grand burial (葬礼); second, the emperor must mourn (哀悼) for Xiliang; and third, she wanted to visit the ocean. The emperor agreed. After Meng Jiangnv got her third wish, she cast herself into the ocean. The Emperor sent his men to get her back but the waves chased them away.
16．What can we know about Meng Jiangnv
A．She was found abandoned (被抛弃) outside a yard.
B．She was found in a gourd shared by two families.
C．She was given to the Meng family by the Jiang family.
D．She was rescued from a gourd vine by Meng and Jiang family.
17．What does the underlined word “Distraught” mean
A．Scared. B．Confused. C．Amazed. D．Heartbroken.
18．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the story
A．Meng Jiangnv supported her husband to build the Great Wall.
B．Meng Jiangnv found her husband’s bones by dropping blood on them.
C．The emperor fell love in Meng Jiangnv because of her loyalty.
D．Meng Jiangnv’s husband was buried under the Great Wall forever.
19．What can be inferred about Meng Jiangnv’s character from the story
A．She was selfish and impolite. B．She was kind and patient.
C．She was brave and strong-willed. D．She was weak but honest.
20．What might the author most want to show by creating this story
A．The emperor’s great achievement of building the Great Wall.
B．The behaviors of a perfect woman in ancient China.
C．People’s complaints about the emperor’s order of building the Great Wall.
D．People’s great courage to fight for freedom, fairness and justice.
B
Kong Rong was a famous writer during the Han Dynasty (汉朝). He was considerate (体贴的) when he was only four.
Kong had five elder brothers and a younger brother. One day, their father bought lots of pears. Some of the pears were big and looked good. Some were small and didn’t look so good. The boys were happy and began to choose (选择) some. Kong chose the smallest one. Kong’s father found this strange and asked, “Why not choose a bigger one, my son ” Kong answered, “I am younger. My elder brothers are older and eat more. They should take the bigger ones.”
“But you have a younger brother. He should take the smallest one!”
“He is younger and needs more nutrition (营养). He should get a bigger one, too.”
Kong’s father was very happy that Kong could be so considerate. He didn’t think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted first.
21．What was Kong Rong
A．A writer. B．A painter. C．A player. D．A teacher.
22．How many kids were there in Kong Rong’s family
A．2 B．5 C．7 D．8
23．Why did Kong Rong choose the smallest pear
A．Because he couldn’t eat a big one.
B．Because he wanted his brothers to eat the big ones.
C．Because he liked the small ones.
D．Because the big apples were bad.
24．How did Kong Rong’s father feel about this thing
A．happy B．sad C．selfish (自私的) D．confident
25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the story
A．Kong Rong lived in the Tang Dynasty.
B．Kong Rong was the youngest boy in his family.
C．Kong Rong’s brothers were selfish.
D．Kong Rong was kind.
C
A new and exciting way of doing weather forecasts is here! China’s television station now uses high-tech simulations (虚拟) to create realistic scenes in the studio. In a recent video about Super Typhoon Yagi, people watched as strong winds blew the weather reporter’s umbrella away and a “tree” was uprooted. This new way of forecasting weather helps people understand how serious storms can be.
China Media Group Mobile made this video to warn people about the dangers of Super Typhoon Yagi and to tell them how to stay safe. But people were surprised by how real the video looked.
The weather reporter started by talking about the weather. Then, she moved to a street with heavy winds and rain, created by extended (拓展) reality (XR) technology. XR is a group of technologies that includes augmented (增强) reality (AR), virtual (虚拟) reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR).
The video showed different things that could happen during a typhoon, like trees falling and umbrellas blown away. It made people feel like they were really there, experiencing the typhoon.
With XR technology, the scenes looked real and helped people learn about the dangers of extreme (极端的) weather. Many people who watched the video said they loved the new way of doing weather forecasts because it helped them understand better.
Super Typhoon Yagi was the strongest autumn typhoon to hit the Chinese mainland since 1949. It caused a lot of damage and problems for people. The new way of doing weather forecasts helps people see how serious extreme weather can be.
26．What happened to the weather reporter’s umbrella in the weather forecast video
A．It turned inside out. B．It broke in the wind.
C．It flew out of her hand. D．It didn’t open.
27．What new technology is being used for weather forecasts in China
A．Virtual Reality (VR) B．Augmented Reality (AR).
C．Mixed Reality (MR). D．Extended Reality (XR).
28．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．The weather reporters. B．The people who watched the video.
C．The people in the video. D．The China Media Group Mobile.
29．What was the purpose of the Super Typhoon Yagi weather forecast video
A．To warn people about the dangers of the typhoon.
B．To show off the power of XR technology.
C．To make people happy with new technology.
D．To show us the strongest autumn typhoon.
30．What’s the best title for the text
A．The development of XR technology B．The new way of doing weather forecasts
C．The ability of the weather reporter D．The dangers of Super Typhoon Yagi
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
The world knows Sherlock Holmes because of the British writer Arthur Conan Doyle. 31
Robert was working in China in the 1940s. At that time, he came to know Dee. Dee is a character based on the historical person Di Renjie from the Tang dynasty. 32 He loved the book so much that he put it into English. And then he used its style (风格) to make up his own stories about Judge Dee.
Between 1950 and 1967, Robert wrote 16 novels (小说) and 8 short stories. In the stories, he described matters solved by Judge Dee. He also introduced culture and traditions of the Tang dynasty in his book. 33 Now it has been put into over 10 languages and has sold millions of copies worldwide. It has greatly helped the western people get a better understanding of China.
“ 34 It didn’t mean very much to me at that time. In later life, I have re-read the stories several times and found how special Judge Dee was described by my father. Between the lines, there is a lot of wisdom (智慧) in the writing,” said Thomas van Gulik, son of Robert van Gulik.
In the eyes of Thomas, it’s fantastic that his father brought the master detective (大侦探) of the Tang dynasty, Di Renjie, back to life in the Judge Dee crime novels. “ 35 If he were still living in the world now, I think he would be also very glad that his stories are now so popular,” he said.
A．I am so happy to have such a great father.
B．I read the stories when I was 10 or 11 years old.
C．He also read about the crime novel Di Gong An.
D．As soon as the book came out, it became very popular.
E．Among all the books he has ever read, his favourite is Di Gong An.
F．But the West knows Judge Dee, China’s Sherlock Holmes, from Robert van Gulik.
三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．The police asked several people some questions about the accident and learned the (true).
37．Sometimes brothers or sisters will disagree with each other and begin (argue).
38．I was (complete) moved by his warm words.
39．When I got up and looked out of the bedroom window, I found, to my great surprise, it (snow) heavily.
40．China’s first Subsea Tree was (recent) put to use officially in Hainan Province, according to local news.
41．The woman stands (倚) the door and just looks like a stick.
42．Our team worked so hard that we (打败) the strongest team in this match.
43．When we heard the news, we were all (震惊的).
44．Let’s have a picnic tomorrow. I know a good picnic (地区).
45．The sun (上升) in the east and sets in the west every day.
四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．当我昨天见到凯特的时候，她正在等着某人经过。
When I met Kate yesterday, she was someone to .
47．21世纪把城市和乡村拉得更近了。
The twenty-first century has brought the city and the country .
48．你给我打电话时，我正在浏览一本有趣的小说。
I was an interesting novel when you called me.
49．当火灾爆发时，格林一家正在客厅看电视。
When the fire broke out, in the living room.
50．这是世界上一年中大部分时间都完全黑暗的地区。
This is an area of the world that is dark for a lot of the year.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
strong dislike both become problem final we ride family during
There is a story in the book History as a Mirror (《资治通鉴》) by Chinese historian Sima Guang.
Zhi Xuanzi was the head of Zhi, a big family of Jin State (晋国) 51 the Spring and Autumn Period (时期). He wanted Zhi Yao to be the family head after him.
However, another man in the family 52 the idea. He listed five good things of Zhi Yao. For example, he was good at 53 and shooting. But Zhi Yao had a big 54 : he had an unkind heart.
Zhi Xuanzi didn’t listen to the idea. And still, Zhi Yao 55 the head of the family. He quickly made the Zhi family much 56 than before. But because of his aggressive style (咄咄逼人的风格), three other 57 worked together to fight against the Zhi family. 58 , his family lost the fight.
Sima Guang uses this story to tell 59 that having talent is not enough. 60 talent and virtue (品德) are important. Excellent people must also have virtue.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空，并将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。
In ancient China, during the late Qin Dynasty, there was a powerful leader named Xiang Yu. He had a small group of soldiers, but they were going to fight a much 61 (big) army from the Qin Dynasty. Xiang Yu wanted to encourage his soldiers, 62 he came up with a special plan.
Before they went to fight, Xiang Yu ordered the soldiers 63 (break) all their cooking pots and sink their boats in the river. By 64 (do) this, they ensured that they could no longer make food or go back home. They had to win 65 fight, or they would be in big trouble. The soldiers 66 (understand) that they had no choice but to fight hard. They were very brave and didn’t give 67 . Because they fought so 68 (brave), Xiang Yu’s small army finally won the battle against the Qin army.
If Xiang Yu hadn’t thought of this strategy, the soldiers might not have found the courage to fight so fiercely. This story shows that when people believe in 69 (them), they can do amazing things, even when they face tough (严峻的) 70 (challenge). It’s a great example of how being determined (坚决的) can help you win, even when it seems like you might lose.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
The traditional Chinese solar calendar (日历) divides the year into twenty-four solar terms (节气). Minor Snow (小雪), the 20th solar term of the year, begins on November 22 this year. Here are a few things you should know about Minor Snow. Wearing hats and scarves
In China, starting in Minor Snow, the wind blows (吹；刮) from the northeast a lot. Many people do not wear hats or scarves yet. In fact, according to an old Chinese saying, “the head is the place where all passages of the body gather”. It’s necessary (必要的) to wear hats and scarves to keep one’s head warm. Drinking soup
During Minor Snow, the air in the houses is dry and most people may find their nose and mouth feel a bit dry. This will cause (导致) “inner heat” in one’s body. The key is to drink more hot soup. Eating rice cake
In some areas of South China, people eat rice cakes around Minor Snow. In ancient times (在古代), rice cakes were a traditional festival offering (祭品) to the bull god (牛神). Making pickled (腌制) vegetables and pork
After Minor Snow, because of low temperature (温度) and dry air. It is the best time to start making preserved pork (腊肉), which by the Chinese Spring Festival would be ready to enjoy. The people in Yancheng, Jiangsu province, have welcomed Minor Snow with making pickled vegetables.
In addition (此外), we like to eat hot and spicy (辣的) food to keep warm. However, it’s not wise to eat much spicy food because that will increase inner heat. This year’s Minor Snow is coming. Wish you to be surrounded by (被……包围) a life full of warmth.
71．When does Minor Snow begin this year
72．How do people keep head warm in Minor Snow
73．What is the key to avoid (避免) causing “inner heat”
74．Where do people eat rice cakes around Minor Snow
75．What do you think of eating spicy food during Minor Snow (请自拟一句话作答)
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．假如你是李华，你在美国的笔友David要来中国参观，向你询问有关中国的天气情况以及来中国的最好时间等。请你根据提示给你的笔友写一封邮件，介绍一下中国的气候特点，并为他的参观提供一些建议。
要点提示：
1. How many seasons are there in your country
2. What’s the weather like in each season
3. What’s your advice
写作要求：
1. 参考提示信息，可适当发挥；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
3. 文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；
4. 词数：不少于70词。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。）
Dear David,
I’m very glad that you will come to visit China.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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参考答案及试题解析
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了“囊萤映雪”的故事，告诉我们应该努力追求知识。
1．句意：在晋朝 (265—420)，有一个孩子叫车胤。
were是，be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式；are是，be的第二人称单数形式和第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的复数形式；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；was是，be的第一人称和第三人称单数过去式。根据“During the Jin Dynasty”可知，句子用一般过去时，“a child”是单数，be动词用was。故选D。
2．句意：他很聪明，喜欢读书。
smart聪明的；foolish愚蠢的；sad伤心的；generous慷慨的。根据“and loved to read”可知他喜欢读书，很聪明。故选A。
3．句意：他在一个贫困的家庭长大，晚上买不起灯油学习。
play玩；study学习；draw画；dance跳舞。根据“loved to read”可知，他喜欢看书，所以买不起灯油晚用来晚上学习，其他选项不符合句意，故选B。
4．句意：一天晚上，他看到屋外有萤火虫，想到了一个主意。
down向下；with和；outside在外面；between在中间。根据“he saw fireflies (萤火虫) ... his house”可知，萤火虫在屋外。故选C。
5．句意：他在布袋里抓了一些萤火虫，把袋子挂起来当灯。
caught抓住；found发现；bought买；brought带来。根据“some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp”可知是抓了一些萤火虫。故选A。
6． 句意：据说他整个夏夜都是这样读书的。
took花费，一般用于做某事花费时间；spent花费，人作主语；cost花费，物作主语；paid支付，人作主语。根据“all of his summer nights reading like this.”可知考查sb. spend time doing sth.“某人花费时间做某事”。故选B。
7．句意：另一个叫孙康的孩子也喜欢读书。
speaking说；listening听；writing写；reading读。根据“also loved”可知，他也喜欢读书。故选D。
8．句意：冬天的一个晚上，孙用完了所有的灯油，晚上无法学习。
summer夏天；spring春天；winter冬天；autumn秋天。根据“he saw the snow”可知，是在冬天。故选C。
9．句意：冬天的一个晚上，孙用完了所有的灯油，晚上无法学习。
couldn’t不能；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Sun used up all of his lamp oil”可知，灯油用完了，不能学习，时态为一般过去时，所以用couldn’t。故选A。
10．句意：“哦，我可以用反射光看书！”他想。
read读，动词原形；reads动词第三人称单数；to read动词不定式；reading动名词。考查use sth. to do sth.“使用某物做某事”，所以填动词不定式。故选C。
11．句意：这两个孩子后来都出名了。
famous著名的；rich富有的；poor穷的；kind和蔼的。根据“People were touched by their hardworking spirit (精神) and turned their stories into the Chinese idiom (成语) nang ying ying xue (囊萤映雪).”可知，他们后来变得著名了。故选A。
12．句意：过去，人们学习比我们困难得多。
little几乎没有；much很多；less更少；more更多。根据"harder time studying than we do“可知，过去比现在困难得多，修饰比较级用much。故选B。
13．句意：对于贫困家庭来说，纸张和毛笔往往太贵了。
high高；cheap便宜的；expensive昂贵的；low低的。根据“For poor families”可知，对于穷人来说，纸和毛笔很贵。故选C。
14．句意：学生们甚至不得不长途跋涉才能找到一位好老师。
painter画家；postman邮递员；doctor医生；teacher老师。根据“Students even had to travel very far to find a good”可知，学生们要长途跋涉才能找到一位好老师。故选D。
15．句意：它们不发生在现代，但它们就像萤火虫的光芒——照亮了通往知识的道路。
and和；but但是；because因为；so所以。根据“They don’t take place in modern times, ... they are just like the light of fireflies”可知，前后为转折关系，所以填but。故选B。
16．B 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孟姜女的传说故事。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“When they cut open the gourd, they found a baby girl inside. Surprised and happy, the two families decided to raise her together.”可知，孟姜女是在孟家种的葫芦藤长到江家院子里结出的葫芦里被发现的，然后由两家共同抚养。故选B。
17．词义猜测题。根据第二段“After a year without any news from Xiliang, Meng Jiangnv went to look for him. She traveled far to the Great Wall, only to learn that Xiliang had died from overwork and was buried under it.”可知，孟姜女历经艰辛找到长城，在得知丈夫去世后非常悲痛；据此可以推断，划线单词“Distraught”的意思是“心碎的”，与“Heartbroken”同义。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“She then bit her finger and tested each bone with her blood, hoping to find her husband’s by seeing if the bones absorbed it. When she found Xiliang’s bones, she held them and cried.”可知，孟姜女是通过滴血认骨的方式找到了丈夫的遗骸。故选B。
19．推理判断题。综合全可知，孟姜女不畏艰难，长途跋涉去寻找丈夫，得知丈夫死后，敢于哭倒长城，并且面对皇帝的逼迫，提出条件毫不屈服，最后投海自尽，这些都体现了她勇敢和意志坚定的性格特点。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，整个故事通过孟姜女的经历展现了古代人民对于自由、公平和正义的追求；孟姜女从得知丈夫被抓去修长城，长途跋涉去寻找，到面对丈夫死亡的悲痛，再到哭倒长城以及拒绝秦始皇的无理要求，最终投海自尽，这些行为都体现了她对正义和自由的执着追求以及她敢于反抗封建权威的勇气。故选D。
21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D
【导语】本文讲述了孔融让梨的故事。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Kong Rong was a famous writer during the Han Dynasty (汉朝).”可知，孔融是一个作家。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Kong had five elder brothers and a younger brother.”可知，孔融有五个哥哥和一个弟弟，因此他家一共有七个孩子。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I am younger. My elder brothers are older and eat more. They should take the bigger ones”以及第四段中的“He is younger and needs more nutrition (营养). He should get a bigger one, too.”可知，孔融想让兄弟们吃大的梨，所以自己选了最小的梨。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Kong’s father was very happy that Kong could be so considerate.”可知，孔融的父亲对此感到非常高兴。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He didn’t think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted first.”可知，孔融首先想到了别人想要什么，所以应该是一个善良的人。故选D。
26．C 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国电视台采用高科技模拟技术来预报天气，使人们能够更清楚地了解极端天气的危害。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段“In a recent video about Super Typhoon Yagi, people watched as strong winds blew the weather reporter’s umbrella away and a ‘tree’ was uprooted.”可知，天气报道记者的雨伞被强风刮走了，也就是从她手中飞了出去。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“With XR technology, the scenes looked real and helped people learn about the dangers of extreme weather. Many people who watched the video said they loved the new way of doing weather forecasts because it helped them understand better.”可知，利用XR技术，这些场景看起来很真实，并帮助人们了解极端天气的危险。许多观看视频的人表示，他们喜欢这种预报天气的新方式，因为这有助于他们更好地理解天气。故选D。
28．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The video showed different things that could happen during a typhoon, like trees falling and umbrellas blown away. It made people feel like they were really there, experiencing the typhoon.”可知，这段视频展示了台风期间可能发生的不同情况，比如树木倒下，雨伞被吹走。它让人们感觉他们真的在那里，经历台风。所以，此处“they”指的是观看视频的人们。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段“This new way of forecasting weather helps people understand how serious storms can be.”可知，这种预报天气的新方法有助于人们了解风暴的严重程度，警告人们台风的危险。故选A。
30．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国电视台采用高科技模拟技术来预报天气，使人们能够更清楚地了解极端天气的危害。故选B。
31．F 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．A
【导语】本文介绍了罗伯特·范·古利克如何将唐朝的历史人物狄仁杰改编成小说中的狄大人，并通过这些作品向西方读者展示中国文化。
31．根据上文“The world knows Sherlock Holmes because of the British writer Arthur Conan Doyle.”可知，世界因英国作家阿瑟·柯南·道尔而知晓夏洛克·福尔摩斯；再根据下文“Robert was working in China in the 1940s.”可知，下文介绍了罗伯特以及他笔下的狄仁杰相关内容，由此推知此处起到承上启下的过渡作用；选项F“但西方从罗伯特·范·古力克那里认识了中国的夏洛克·福尔摩斯——狄仁杰。”符合语境。故选F。
32．根据下文“He loved the book so much that he put it into English.”可知，此处提到了一本书；选项C“他还读了犯罪小说《狄公案》。”符合语境。故选C。
33．根据下文“Now it has been put into over 10 languages and has sold millions of copies worldwide.”可知，这本书很受欢迎；选项D“这本书一出版，就变得非常受欢迎。”符合语境。故选D。
34．根据下文“It didn’t mean very much to me at that time. In later life, I have re-read the stories several times ...”可知，此处是关于阅读故事的相关描述；选项B“我在 10 岁或 11 岁的时候读过这些故事。”符合语境。故选B。
35．根据上文“In the eyes of Thomas, it’s fantastic that his father brought the master detective (大侦探) of the Tang dynasty, Di Renjie, back to life in the Judge Dee crime novels.”可知，提到托马斯觉得父亲把狄仁杰通过小说重现生机很棒；由此推知此处是表达对父亲的情感；选项A“我很高兴有这样一位伟大的父亲。”符合语境。故选A。
36．truth
【解析】句意：警察问了几个人一些关于事故的问题，了解了真相。根据句子结构和所给提示可知，此处需填入名词形式作动词learned的宾语；true为形容词，意为“真实的”，其名词形式为truth，表示“真相”，learn the truth为固定短语，意为“了解真相”。故填truth。
37．to argue/arguing
【解析】句意：有时兄弟姐妹会彼此意见不合，并开始争吵。根据语法规则，begin后接动词时，有两种形式：begin to do sth.或begin doing sth.，均表示“开始做某事”。因此to argue或arguing均符合语境。故填to argue/arguing。
38．completely
【解析】句意：我完全被他温暖的话语打动了。根据“was…moved”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词moved，complete的副词形式为completely，表示“完全地”，符合语境。故填completely。
39．was snowing
【解析】句意：当我起床并向卧室窗外望去时，令我大为惊讶的是，我发现雪下得很大。根据“When I got up and looked out of the bedroom window”可知，这里描述的是过去某个具体时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，其结构是“was/were+现在分词”，主语“it”是单数，所以be动词用was，snow的现在分词是snowing，故填was snowing。
40．recently
【解析】句意：据当地新闻报道，中国第一棵海底采油树最近在海南省正式投入使用。此处用副词修饰动词短语；recent的副词是“recently”，表示“最近，近来”。故填recently。
41．against
【解析】句意：那个女人靠着门站着，看起来就像根棍子。against“倚”，介词。故填against。
42．beat
【解析】句意：我们队非常努力，以至于在这场比赛中打败了最强的队伍。根据汉语提示可知，空格处需填写beat“打败”，为动词；worked为动词过去式，题干为一般过去时，前后时态需保持一致，beat过去式为beat。故填beat。
43．shocked
【解析】句意：当我们听到这个消息时，我们都很震惊。震惊的：shocked，形容词，作表语描述人的感受。故填shocked。
44．area
【解析】句意：让我们明天吃野餐吧。我知道一个野餐的好地区。根据题干中的汉语可知，地区：area，前面有a，名词用单数。故填area。
45．rises
【解析】句意：太阳每天从东方升起，在西方落下。根据every day可知句子时态为一般现在时，主语The sun是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；上升：rise，其第三人称单数形式是rises。故填rises。
46．waiting for walk by
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，前两空缺少了“等着”，英文表达为wait for，时态为过去进行时，wait的现在分词为waiting；后两空缺少了“经过”，英文表达为walk by，不定式结构后面加动词原形。故填waiting；for；walk；by。
47．closer together
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“更近”的英文内容，“bring...closer together”为固定搭配，意为“使……更紧密地联系在一起”，其中“closer”是副词比较级，表示“更近地”，“together”强调“共同、一起”的状态，突出两者之间的互动和关联。故填closer；together。
48．looking through
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“浏览”的英文look through，固定搭配。根据“was...”可知，空处时态为过去进行时，其结构为was/were+doing，动词look的现在分词为looking。故填looking；through。
49．the Greens were watching TV
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为“格林一家正在看电视”。“格林一家”the Greens；“看电视”watch TV；结合语境和“When the fire broke out”可知，句子时态为过去进行时，即谓语动词应为was/were doing的结构，由于主语the Greens为复数，故此处谓语动词应为were watching TV。故填the Greens were watching TV。
50．completely
【解析】中英文对照可知，空处表示“完全地”，用副词completely修饰形容词dark。故填completely。
51．during 52．disliked 53．riding 54．problem 55．became 56．stronger 57．families 58．Finally 59．us 60．Both
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了《资治通鉴》中的一则故事，春秋战国时期，晋国智氏家族首领智宣子退位后，有才能得智瑶成为首领，但他品德有问题，且总是咄咄逼人。最后，另外三个家庭联合起来击败了智家。故事告诉我们，出色的人除了拥有才能，也要拥有好的品德。
51．句意：智宣子是春秋时期晋国大族智氏的族长。根据“the Spring and Autumn Period”可知，during“在……期间”，表示在某个时期，符合题意。故填during。
52．句意：然而，家族里的另一个人不喜欢这个主意。根据“However, another man in the family…the idea.”和备选词可知，此处是不喜欢这个主意，dislike“不喜欢”符合题意，且结合“ He listed five good things of Zhi Yao.”可知，时态要用过去时，dislike的过去式为disliked。故填disliked。
53．句意：例如，他擅长骑马和射箭。根据“he was good at…and shooting.”和备选词可知，此处是擅长骑马和射箭，ride“骑”，符合题意，be good at“擅长”，介词at后接动名词，所以，ride的动名词为riding。故填riding。
54．句意：但是智瑶有一个很大的问题，他心地不善良。根据“he had an unkind heart.”和备选词可知，心地不善良是他的问题，problem“难题”，可数名词，符合题意，a后接名词单数。故填problem。
55．句意：尽管如此，智瑶还是成为了家族的首领。根据“Zhi Yao…the head of the family.”和备选词可知，智瑶成为了家族的首领，become“成为”符合题意，结合上下文可知，应用一般过去时，become的过去式是became。故填became。
56．句意：他很快让智氏家族比以前强大多了。根据“much…than before”可知，much修饰比较级，此处应该用strong的比较级stronger。故填stronger。
57．句意：但是由于他的咄咄逼人风格，其他三大家族联合起来对抗智氏家族。根据“three other…worked together”可知，是三大家族，family“家庭”符合题意，three后接复数形式，family的复数为families。故填families。
58．句意：最终，智氏家族战败了。根据“his family lost the fight.”和备选词可知，此处意思是最终家族战败，final“最后”符合题意，副词finally修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Finally。
59．句意：司马光用这个故事告诉我们光有才华是不够的。根据“Sima Guang uses this story to tell… that having talent is not enough.”可知，此处是告诉我们，we“我们”符合题意，动词tell后接代词宾格形式，作宾语，we的宾格是us。故填us。
60．句意：才华和美德都很重要。根据“Both…talent and virtue are important.”和备选词可知，both…and…意为“两者都”，此处连接两个主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Both。
61．bigger 62．so 63．to break 64．doing 65．the 66．understood 67．up 68．bravely 69．themselves 70．challenges
【导语】本文主要介绍了项羽带领士兵破釜沉舟的故事。
61．句意：他有一小群士兵，但他们要与秦朝更大的军队作战。空处位于much后，且修饰名词army，填形容词比较级。big“大的”，形容词，比较级为bigger。故填bigger。
62．句意：项羽想要鼓励他的士兵，于是他想出了一个特别的计划。空处填连词连接前后两句话。根据“Xiang Yu wanted to encourage his soldiers”和“he came up with a special plan.”可知，前后构成因果关系，前因后果。因为想鼓励士兵，所以想出计划。so“所以”，连词。故填so。
63．句意：出征前，项羽命令士兵们把煮饭的锅全部打碎，把船沉入江中。order sb to do sth“命令某人做某事”。空处填动词不定式。break“打碎”，动词，不定式为to break。故填to break。
64．句意：这样做，他们就确保自己不能再做饭或回家了。by doing sth“通过做某事”。空处填动名词形式。do“做”，动词，其动名词形式为doing。故填doing。
65．句意：他们必须赢得这场战斗，否则他们就会有大麻烦。此处特指与秦朝士兵的战斗，空处填定冠词the表特指。故填the。
66．句意：士兵们明白，他们别无选择，只能努力战斗。讲述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时。空处填动词过去式作谓语。understand“理解，明白”，动词，过去式为understood。故填understood。
67．句意：他们非常勇敢，没有放弃。根据“Xiang Yu’s small army finally won the battle against the Qin army”可知，士兵们没有放弃。give up“放弃”。故填up。
68．句意：由于他们英勇作战，项羽的小军队终于在与秦军的战斗中取得了胜利。空处修饰动词fought，填副词作状语。brave“勇敢的”，形容词，其副词为bravely“勇敢地”。故填bravely。
69．句意：这个故事说明，当人们相信自己时，即使面临艰难的挑战，他们也能做出惊人的事情。空处位于in后且指人们自己，用反身代词。them“他们”，宾格，反身代词为themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。
70．句意：这个故事显示，当人们相信自己时，即使面临艰难的挑战，他们也能做出惊人的事情。空处位于形容词tough后，填名词。challenge“挑战”，可数名词，前无冠词修饰，此处要用复数形式的challenges。故填challenges。
71．On November 22. 72．By wearing hats and scarves./They wear hats and scarves. 73．The key is to drink more hot soup. 74．In some areas of South China. 75．I like to eat hot and spicy food to keep warm during Minor Snow./It’s not wise to eat much spicy food during Minor Snow.
【导语】本文主要介绍了小雪节气的一些习俗。
71．根据“Minor Snow (小雪), the 20th solar term of the year, begins on November 22 this year.”可知，从11月22日开始。故填On November 22.
72．根据“It’s necessary (必要的) to wear hats and scarves to keep ones head warm.”可知，通过戴帽子和围巾保持头部暖和。故填By wearing hats and scarves./They wear hats and scarves.
73．根据“The key is to drink more hot soup.”可知，关键是要多喝热汤。故填The key is to drink more hot soup.
74．根据“In some areas of South China, people eat rice cakes around Minor Snow.”可知，中国南方一些地区的人们在小雪时节吃年糕。故填In some areas of South China.
75．开放性题目，言之有理即可。参考答案为I like to eat hot and spicy food to keep warm during Minor Snow./It’s not wise to eat much spicy food during Minor Snow.
76．例文：
Dear David,
I’m very glad that you will come to visit China.
You asked me about the weather in China. There are four seasons — spring, summer, autumn and winter. Summer is the hottest season of the year. It often rains heavily. And winter is the coldest. Sometimes it snows, especially in the north of China. If you like snow, you can come at this time of year. But I think the best time to visit China is in spring or autumn because the weather is not cold or hot. It’s very pleasant to visit many places of interest in China, such as the Great Wall, the West Lake and Mount Tai.
I hope you can come soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为电子邮件；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏要点提示中的关键信息，写邮件介绍中国的气候特点，给笔友提供一些建议。
[写作步骤]
第一步，对笔友的到来表示欢迎；
第二步，介绍中国的气候特点并给笔友一些建议；
第三步，期待对方的到来。
[亮点词汇]
①places of interest 名胜古迹
②such as 例如
[高分句型]
①There are four seasons — spring, summer, autumn and winter. Summer is the hottest season of the year.（there be句型）
②If you like snow, you can come at this time of year.（if引导条件状语从句）
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)