Unit 1 When was it invented？单元核心素养培优卷-2025 - 2026学年九年级全册英语鲁教版（五四学制）

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2025 - 2026学年九年级全册英语单元核心素养培优卷鲁教版
（五四学制）Unit 1 When was it invented？
本试卷共11页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。
Are you interested in making new things Inventions always play an important role in our daily life. They make our life more 1 and much easier than before. A university class 2 helped two young women create a great idea for a difficult problem. Julia and Jessica are students in Harvard University. One day, 3 teacher said at the class, “I want you to solve a world problem about the energy source (能源).”
“Who can 4 this task ” After hearing that, Julia and Jessica started to feel excited. They wanted to take that challenge. So they answered, “We decided to accept the difficult task.” Before they 5 , they thought they had to do some research first. They first studied many different 6 with few energy sources.
They found the 7 that both adults and children in these countries played soccer. 8 Julia and Jessica decided to create a new energy source that could have something to do with soccer.
Though they had an idea, it was a bit hard for them to create a soccer with a battery (电池). Then they asked their friends for help. They 9 with their friends to make a soccer ball with a battery in it. It took them a long time, but it 10 turned out to be a big success. They knew the soccer was exactly 11 they wanted. They named their ball the SOCCKET and showed it 12 the users.
When the players 13 the ball, the battery inside caught the energy from the ball’s movement. After 14 ，the players used the energy in the battery to make the smart phones work. It is 15 that a simple project can make our lives better! Small things always make a big difference.
1．A．helpful B．colorful C．peaceful D．careful
2．A．article B．project C．topic D．discussion
3．A．your B．her C．their D．our
4．A．discuss B．receive C．start D．finish
5．A．took off B．showed off C．set off D．put off
6．A．areas B．countries C．cities D．towns
7．A．relationship B．advantage C．service D．situation
8．A．So B．And C．Or D．But
9．A．cleaned B．stayed C．played D．worked
10．A．actually B．easily C．simply D．finally
11．A．what B．where C．how D．why
12．A．of B．with C．to D．by
13．A．broke B．kicked C．lost D．bought
14．A．shows B．parties C．games D．lessons
15．A．fantastic B．lucky C．boring D．moving
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
Have you ever noticed something around you that you’ve never seen before They all came about because someone invented them. Most inventions begin with an idea. Someone sees a need or a problem. Then he or she thinks of an idea to meet that needs or solve the problem.
But not all inventions happen on purpose. They may be something by working on an idea and invent something else by chance. Or an inventor might make a mistake that turns out to be a good idea.
Between AD 600 and 900, scientists in ancient China were working in a lab when they invented fireworks by accident. They were working on an invention that would help people live forever. They mixed materials together like salt, charcoal (木炭), and sulphur (硫黄). They put the mixture into pieces of bamboo. Then they threw them into a fire. This is how fireworks were invented.
In 1905, a boy named Frank Epperson left a cup of soda (苏打水) outside all night. It had a wooden stick in it. The soda froze in the cold evening. In the morning, Frank tasted the frozen soda. He shared the frozen soda with his friends. All of them spoke highly of his new invention. It tasted really good! He called his invention “Episicle”.
In 1968, scientist Spencer Silver was researching adhesives (黏合剂) when he discovered one that stuck to things, but could then be easily taken away. For years he tried to find a use for his invention. At the same time, another scientist named Art Fry was singing. He used small pieces of paper to mark the songs in his book. He needed bookmarks that would stay in place. Silver and Fry discussed their ideas and created the Post-it note.
16．According to Paragraph 3, scientists in ancient China were working in a lab to ________.
A．invent fireworks
B．invent something that could make fire
C．cook some delicious food
D．invent something that would help people live forever
17．Who invented “Episicle”
A．Scientists in China. B．Frank Epperson. C．Spencer Silver. D．Art Fry.
18．What’s the structure (结构) of the text (Paragraph 1 =①)
A． B． C． D．
19．If the text is followed by another story, what will the story probably be
A．The Wright brothers invented the airplane.
B．Whitcomb Judson invented the zipper.
C．George Crum invented potato chips.
D．Alexander Bell invented the telephone.
20．What’s the best title for the text
A．The importance of inventions B．How to invent things
C．Some famous inventors D．Inventions by accident
B
Two Swedish students have invented a new kind of bicycle helmet (头盔). It’s invisible (隐形的) because you cannot see it on a rider’s head.
The helmet is really a kind of airbag. It is inside a large collar (衣领). People wear it around their neck like a scarf. When the rider falls off his or her bike, the collar quickly fills with air and an airbag appears around the head.
The two students, Anna Haupt and Terese Alstinat, wanted to change the way people ride bikes. They said, “Bicycle helmets have always been the same. They’re so bulky, like a hard mushroom (蘑菇) on the head.” They called their new invention the H vding. The pair said it looked so cool that people would be happy to wear it.
The inventors started researching and developing the helmet a few years ago. They studied thousands of accidents. They wanted to find out how to make the safest helmet. They worked with a Swedish airbag company called Alva. And then the invisible helmet came out. Today, the two inventors have their own company that sells the new helmets. There are 17 workers in their company. They hope their helmet will change how people all over the world ride bikes.
In their video, Haupt and Alstinat said, “Cars are so yesterday. Bikes are the future.” People can not only take exercise but also experience the beauty of nature when they ride bikes. Now people can only buy the helmet online in Europe. It sells for around $530. The company did not say when people in the rest of the world could buy it.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
21．What is special about the new helmet
A．It is an airbag that looks like a mushroom.
B．It is an airbag that is around the head all the time.
C．It is an airbag that can stop people falling down.
D．It is an airbag that cannot be seen when it’s safe.
22．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Why they invented the new helmet. B．How they invented the new helmet.
C．Where they invented the new helmet. D．When they invented the new helmet.
23．What did the inventors do to create the safest helmet
A．They asked Alva for ideas. B．They worked in a bicycle factory.
C．They studied many traffic accidents. D．They researched how people ride bikes around the world.
24．What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph
A．Cars were invented earlier than bicycles.
B．In the future, people won’t drive cars any more.
C．Riding bikes will be more popular than driving cars.
D．Cars are more expensive than bikes so few people will buy cars.
25．Who can buy the helmet online now
A．People in China. B．People in England.
C．People in America. D．People in South Africa.
C
Scientists in Switzerland have used lasers (激光) to change the path of a lightning strike (雷击的路径). The experiment suggests that in the future, lasers might be useful for protecting large buildings from lightning.
Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strike can cause fires, destroy buildings, and even kill people. The damage from lightning costs billions of dollars every year. In the US, lightning strikes killed close to 450 people between 2006 and 2021.
Scientists have been trying to find a way to protect buildings from lightning for a long time. Now the best Way is by putting metal rods (金属竿) on the buildings. These rods are connected to the ground. The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground. But lightning rods can only protect a small area. Some buildings—such as airports are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods.
Another idea is to use lasers to guide lightning. Scientists had been working on the idea for over 20 years. They have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a lab. But until the summer of 2021, scientists could guide lightning with lasers outside. Using a powerful laser, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning tor meters.
The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The path also has a special charge (电荷). The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod. Scientist Matteo Clerici said, “The fact that we managed to do it in an outdoor environment is a very big step.”
But the laser still didn’t guide the lightning as far as the scientists would like. Besides, the laser is also very expensive. The scientists say it cost about $2 billion. It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings.
26．To know how powerful lightning can be, which paragraph can we read
A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraph 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 5.
27．What is the laser technology expected to protect
A．High-rise buildings. B．Large buildings.
C．Beautiful buildings. D．Important buildings.
28．Why are lasers not used widely for changing the path of lightning strike now
A．Putting metal rods on the buildings is the best way.
B．Some buildings are so large that it’s difficult to protect.
C．Lasers are only able to guide lightning for a short distance
D．Lasers are so expensive that scientists can’t pay for experimenting.
29．What can we learn from what Matteo Clerici said
A．Scientists still need to work harder to achieve a greater success.
B．It is not easy for scientists to guide lightning with lasers outside.
C．Scientists need to change working environment in next experiments.
D．It is a great progress for scientists to guide lightning with lasers outside.
30．What can we get to know at the end of the passage
A．Behind bad luck comes good luck.
B．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
C．There is still a long way to go before a laser can really work.
D．For scientists, working together is better than working alone.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从方框内所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有一项多余）
A few years ago, Masaru Ibuka, the head of Sony, 31 Suddenly he had an idea. He stopped the meeting and asked everyone what would happen if Sony took away the recording function (功能) and speakers and sold headphones with a tape player instead. Almost everyone thought he was silly. Still, 32 The result, of course, turned out to be the successful Sony Walkman.
Good ideas often start with a really silly question. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making cakes for his son, 33 Later, he tried it and the result was something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several shoe companies, 34 In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather disappointed, Boverman went on to set up his own company, making NIKE sports shoes.
We know today that each of these ideas caused a successful thing that has changed the way many of us live. 35 Children aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults usually are. Think how different the world might be if people never asked “silly” questions!
A．Ibuka kept his idea and worked at it.
B．he was laughed at.
C．Bill kept his idea and worked at it.
D．was at a company planning meeting.
E．he asked himself what would happen if he put rubber into his mold (模具).
F．The best questions are usually open-ended and are often “silly”.
三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．Mary can play some (music) instruments, such as the piano and the violin.
37．All of a (suddenly), the girl cried out loudly and sat on the floor.
38．The (popular) of private cars is changing the people’s life style.
39．The (Canada) song Alouette is a fun song about a bird.
40．The police (remain) silent until the murderer was caught.
41．The (每日的) flight to Shanghai was put off because of the bad weather.
42．She lost her temper with a (顾客) and shouted at him.
43．It was (几乎) 9 pm, they all went home.
44．Zhai Zhigang is a (英雄) because he has spent the long time in space.
45．What David said in the meeting is worth (提到) again.
四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．他别无选择，只能把工人分成两组，布置不同层级的任务。
He the workers into two groups and give them tasks at different levels.
47．玛丽为考试做了充分的准备，毫无疑问她会通过考试。
Mary has prepared well for the exam. she will pass it.
48．火箭大概是在2000多年前被意外发明的。
Rockets were probably invented about 2,000 years ago.
49．我们应该在扔掉废物前进行分类。
We should the waste different groups before throwing them away.
50．每节英语课，宋老师通常把我们分成八个小组参加课堂活动。
Mr. Song usually us eight groups to take part in activities every English class.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
do successful list project ball they good for day after
Inventions always play an important role in our 51 life. They make our life wonderful and much easier.
A teacher in Harvard University wanted to let his students do a 52 . So he said to the class, “I want you to solve a world problem about electric energy. Who can finish the task ”
53 hearing that, Julia and Jessica answered, “We want to accept this difficult work.” They thought they should 54 a research first in order to finish the task well. So they 55 some countries with less electric energy on the paper and studied them carefully.
They noticed that people in these countries played soccer. So Julia and Jessica worked with friends to design a soccer ball with a battery (电池) in it. Though they had an idea, it was a bit hard for 56 to make it come true. Then they asked their friends 57 help. It took them a long time to complete the task, but finally they did it 58 .
Julia and Jessica named their ball the SOCCKET. When the players kicked the ball, the battery inside caught the energy from the 59 movements (移动). After games, the players used the energy in the battery to power LED lights and phones. It is wonderful that a simple class project can make our lives much 60 !
Small things always make a big difference.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that 61 (enjoy) by many for fun and exercise. It is over 100 years old and is played by millions of people all over the world. It is believed 62 the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.
Basketball 63 (invent) by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861. When he was a college teacher, he was asked to think of a game that could 64 (play) in the winter. Dr. Naismith created a game to be played inside on a hard floor. Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game. Players on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other team’s basket. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from 65 (get) the ball into their own basket.
Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players. In China, you can sometimes see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even factories. Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, 66 it has also become a popular sport to watch. Although America’s NBA games are the 67 (famous), the CBA games are becoming more popular in China. The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA 68 (increase). There are also more and more foreign players in the CBA．Many young people look up to these basketball 69 (hero) and want to become like them. These stars encourage young people 70 (work) hard to achieve their dreams.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
American Grace Brown is keeping busy during her first year of high school. She studies all subjects, such as English, history and math, as well as taking classes in Latin. She also sings in a school team and plays the piano. The school day lasts from about eight o’clock in the morning to three in the afternoon. But because of her many activities, Grace has no time for a class in physical education. So she is getting school credits (学分) for virtual (虚拟的) PE.
The idea, as strange as it may sound, is getting support from wearable fitness recording devices. Brown wears a fitness tracker (追踪器) called Fitbit that the school provides. She wears it on her arm while doing exercise lasting 30 minutes or longer three times a week. She usually does this outside of school hours. Her computer has a software program that records her activities which she can provide for school for credits.
A PE teacher may not be guiding the Fitbit-wearing students in person. But teachers do lead students’ work by setting goals such as fat burning, using the technology as their eyes and ears. Grace Brown has been adding light running and bicycle rides to her days. For students, it is a welcome way to take a required class that some students may find socially or physically difficult. Grace’s mother Rhonda Brown says, “These kids are burning 2,000 calories during a practice and more at every game. I wish the schools would catch up with the times.”
However, technology and the collection of any student data always cause worries about students’ private information. And some Americans worry that students exercising on their own may miss out on important social spirits such as teamwork.
71．When does Grace’s school finish in the afternoon
72．Why does Grace have no time for a PE class
73．What does Grace use while doing exercise
74．How does a PE teacher lead students’ work
75．Who worries that students may lose social spirits like teamwork
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．上周你去市科技馆进行了参观，你对“未来机器人与人类生活”主题展厅的一款家庭医生机器人很感兴趣，你打算在本周英语课的值日生报告上向你班同学介绍它。请你以“Amazing Robot”为题，根据下面的要点提示写一篇短文。
内容提示：
1. 外观：看起来像一位可爱的女孩；高1.2米；
2. 材料：再生材料，如玻璃、塑料等制成；
3. 功能：能做各种家务，会讲不同外语；在健康方面提建议；治疗普通的疾病（treat common diseases）；照顾老人和孩子。
要求：
1. 内容应包括所有的要点提示，可适当发挥；
2. 语言表达要准确，语句要通顺连贯，书写工整；
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和地名，词数：80~100。
Amazing Robot
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了茱莉亚，杰西卡和她们的朋友一起成功地完成了一个项目，发明了一款内置电池的新型足球，这款足球既能为人们提供娱乐，还能够提供照明和充电。
1．句意：它们使我们的生活比以前更丰富多彩，更容易。
helpful有益的；colorful多彩的；peaceful和平的；careful小心的。根据空前的“Inventions always play an important role in our daily life.”以及“...much easier than before”可知，新发明还会让我们的生活变得更丰富多彩。故选B。
2．句意：一个大学课堂项目帮助两位年轻女性想出了一个解决难题的好主意。
article文章；project项目；topic题目，主题；discussion讨论。根据最后一段倒数第二句“a simple project can make our lives better”可知，前后文对应，此处应是指一个项目。故选B。
3．句意：一天，她们的老师在课堂上说：“我想让你们解决一个关于能源的世界性问题。”
your你的，你们的；her她的；their她们的；our我们的。根据“Julia and Jessica are students in Harvard University.”可知，此处指代的是茱莉亚和杰西卡她们两个人的老师。故选C。
4．句意：“谁能完成这项任务呢？”
discuss讨论；receive接受；start开始；finish完成。根据“They wanted to take that challenge.”以及“We decided to accept the difficult task.”可知，此处应是老师在课堂上询问谁可以完成这个任务。故选D。
5．句意：开始前，她们认为必须先做些调查。
took off脱掉；showed off炫耀；set off动身，出发；put off推迟。根据“they thought they had to do some research first”可知，此处应是在她们做这个项目之前，必须先做一些研究。故选C。
6．句意：她们首先研究了许多不同的能源匮乏的国家。
areas地区；countries国家；cities城市；towns城镇。根据“They found the...both adults and children in these countries played soccer.”可知，她们对许多不同的国家进行了研究。故选B。
7．句意：她们发现了这些国家的成年人和儿童都踢足球这一情况。
relationship关系；advantage优势；service服务；situation情况。根据“They found the...both adults and children in these countries played soccer.”可知，她们经过调查研究发现了成人和孩子都喜欢踢足球这一情况。故选D。
8．句意：所以朱莉娅和杰西卡决定发明一种可能与足球有关的新能源。
So所以；And和；Or或者；But但是。根据“Julia and Jessica decided to create a new energy source that could have something to do with soccer.”以及“both adults and children in these countries played soccer.”可知，二者之间是因果关系，因为这些国家的孩子和成人都踢足球，所以朱莉娅和杰西卡决定发明一种可能与足球有关的新能源。故选A。
9．句意：她们和她们的朋友一起工作，制作了一个装有电池的足球。
cleaned打扫；stayed停留；played玩，打；worked工作。根据“Then they asked their friends for help.”可知，她们向朋友寻求了帮助，因此朋友们和她们一起工作想办法制作装有电池的足球。故选D。
10．句意：她们花了很长时间，但最终取得了巨大的成功。
actually实际上；easily容易地；simply简单易做地；finally最后。根据“It took them a long time, but...”可知，虽然花了很长时间，但是这个项目最后取得了巨大的成功。故选D。
11．句意：她们知道足球正是他们想要的。
what什么；where哪里；how怎样；why为什么。根据“They knew the soccer was exactly...they wanted.”可知，朱莉娅和杰西卡发明的带有电池的足球这项新发明之所以能取得成功，是因为她们知道足球就是这些成人和孩子想要的东西。故选A。
12．句意：她们将自己的足球命名为SOCCKET，并将其展示给用户。
of……的；with和；to动词不定式；by通过，借助，靠。根据“...showed it ...the users”可知，此处是把这个足球展示给用户，show sth. to sb.为“把某物展示给某人看”。故选C。
13．句意：当球员踢球时，内部的电池可以从球的运动中获取能量。
broke弄坏；kicked踢；lost丢失，失去；bought买。根据“When the players...the ball, the battery inside caught the energy from the ball’s movement”可知，当球员踢球时，内部的电池可以从球的运动中获取能量。故选B。
14．句意：比赛结束后，球员使用电池中的能量使智能手机工作。
shows节目；parties聚会；games比赛；lessons课程。根据“When the players...the ball”以及“the players used the energy in the battery to make the smart phones work”可知，球员使用电池中的能量使智能手机工作是在比赛后。故选C。
15．句意：一个简单的项目可以让我们的生活变得更好，这真是太棒了!
fantastic棒极了；lucky幸运的；boring无聊的；moving感动的。根据“a simple project can make our lives better”可知，一个简单的项目可以让我们的生活变得更好，这种感觉棒极了。故选A。
16．D 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了烟花、冰冻苏打水和便利贴三种偶然间的发明。
16．细节理解题。根据“They were working on an invention that would help people live forever.”可知，他们在寻求长生之法。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据“In 1905, a boy named Frank Epperson left a cup of soda outside all night.”和“He called his invention ‘Episicle’.”可知，Frank Epperson发明了Episicle。故选B。
18．篇章结构题。文章首段介绍了生活中的一些发明，第二段说有些发明是意外出现的，第三、四、五段则举出了三个例子。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据“But not all inventions happen on purpose.”可知，本文介绍的是偶然间的发明，因此C项“乔治·克拉姆发明了薯片”符合文章内容。故选C。
20．最佳标题题。根据“But not all inventions happen on purpose. They may be something by working on an idea and invent something else by chance. Or an inventor might make a mistake that turns out to be a good idea.”可知，本文介绍了三种偶然间的发明，因此D项“偶然的发明”最适合做本文的标题。故选D。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的隐形头盔。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The helmet is really a kind of airbag. It is inside a large collar (衣领). People wear it around their neck like a scarf.”可知，隐形头盔实际上是一种安全气囊。它在一个大衣领里面。人们把它像围巾一样戴在脖子上。因此在安全的时候，我们看不到这个气囊。故选D。
22．主旨大意题。通读第三段后可知，本段主要介绍了两个学生发明新型头盔的原因。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They studied thousands of accidents. They wanted to find out how to make the safest helmet.”可知，他们研究了数千起事故，以此来找到制作最安全的头盔的方法。故选C。
24．句意猜测题。根据画线句及其后的“People can not only take exercise but also experience the beauty of nature when they ride bikes.”可知，人们不仅可以锻炼，而且当他们骑自行车时也能体验到大自然的美丽。可见，Haupt 和 Alstinat 认为骑自行车有很多好处，他们推测未来自行车会比汽车更受欢迎。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now people can only buy the helmet online in Europe.”可知，现在在欧洲，人们只能在网上购买头盔。由此可推知，现在英国人可以在网上买到这种头盔。故选B。
26．A 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家正尝试使用激光技术来改变雷击的路径，以便保护更大的区域范围。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. ”可知，从第二段我们可以知道闪电有多强大。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings.”可知，激光技术是被期望于保护大型建筑的，故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Using a powerful laser, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning tor meters”可知，激光只能把闪电导出一小段距离，所以还不能广泛用于改变雷击的路径。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Scientist Matteo Clerici said, ‘The fact that we managed to do it in an outdoor environment is a very big step.’”可知，从Matteo Clerici的话中，我们可以知道科学家用室外激光引导闪电是一个很大的进步，故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings.”可知，在激光真正发挥作用之前，还有很长的路要走。故选C。
31．D 32．A 33．E 34．B 35．F
【导语】本文通过对例子的介绍，告诉我们好的想法总是由可笑的提问开始的。
31．根据“Suddenly he had an idea.”可知此处要介绍是在什么样的情况下突然有了个主意，选项D“是在一次公司规划会议上。”符合，故选D。
32．根据“Almost everyone thought he was silly”以及“The result, of course, turned out to be the successful Sony Walkman.”可知，此处要说明他虽然不被认同，但是还是坚持了自己，才获得了成功。选项A“Ibuka坚持自己的想法并付诸实践。”符合，故选A。
33．根据“Later, he tried it and the result was something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today.”可知，此处要说明it指代的内容，即他会想尝试什么，选项E“他问自己，如果他把橡胶放进模子里会发生什么。”符合，故选E。
34．根据“when he took this idea to several shoe companies”以及“In fact, every single company turned him down.”可知，此处在描述他被公司拒绝，选项B“他被嘲笑了。”符合，故选B。
35．根据“We know today that each of these ideas caused a successful thing that has changed the way many of us live”以及“Think how different the world might be if people never asked ‘silly’ questions!”可知，此段在谈论“愚蠢的”问题会带来意想不到的事，选项F“最好的问题通常是开放式的，而且往往是‘愚蠢的’。”符合，故选F。
36．musical
【解析】句意：玛丽会演奏一些乐器，如钢琴和小提琴。music是名词，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词instruments，musical“音乐的”，形容词，符合语境。故填musical。
37．sudden
【解析】句意：突然地，女孩哭出声病坐在了地板上。考查短语“all of a sudden”突然，故将suddenly变为sudden。故填sudden。
38．popularity
【解析】句意：私家车的普及正在改变着人们的生活方式。根据“The...of private cars is changing the people’s life style.”可知，空处应填入popular的名词形式popularity“普及，流行”，作主语，且“popularity”是不可数名词。故填popularity。
39．Canadian
【解析】句意：加拿大歌曲《百灵鸟》是一首关于一只鸟的有趣歌曲。根据名词“song”可知，此空填形容词作定语，Canada“加拿大”的形容词形式是Canadian“加拿大的”。故填Canadian。
40．remained
【解析】句意：警察一直保持沉默，直到凶手被抓住。根据“was”可知，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填remained。
41．daily
【解析】句意：由于天气不好，每天飞往上海的航班被推迟了。daily“每日的”，形容词作定语。故填 daily。
42．customer
【解析】句意：她对一位顾客发了脾气，并朝他大喊。根据汉语提示可知，customer意为“顾客”，冠词a后跟名词单数。故填customer。
43．nearly/almost
【解析】句意：几乎晚上9点了，他们都回家了。nearly/almost“几乎”，副词。故填nearly/almost。
44．hero
【解析】句意：翟志刚是个英雄，因为他在太空待了很长时间。hero“英雄”，可数名词，根据空前的“a”可知，此处应用名词的单数形式。故填hero。
45．mentioning
【解析】句意：大卫在会上所说的话值得再次提及。“提到”为mention，be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，故填mentioning。
46．had no choice but to divide
【解析】别无选择只能做某事：have no choice but to do；根据语境可知，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式；分成：divide。故填had no choice but to divide。
47．Without doubt
【解析】根据汉语提示可知，空格处缺少“毫无疑问”的英语表达，介词短语without doubt“毫无疑问”符合题意，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Without doubt。
48．by accident/by chance
【解析】根据中文意思可知本题考查短语by accident/chance“意外地”，副词短语，故填by accident/chance。
49．divide into
【解析】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“把……分成……”，divide…into…意为“把……分成……”；根据第一个空空前的情态动词“should”可知，此处用动词原形。故填divide；into。
50．divides into
【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“把……分成”的翻译，英文表达为divide into，根据usually可知，此句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故填divides；into。
51．daily 52．project 53．After 54．do 55．listed 56．them 57．for 58．successfully 59．ball’s 60．better
【导语】本文主要讲述了茱莉亚，杰西卡和她们的朋友一起成功地完成了一个项目，发明了一款内置电池的新型足球，这款足球既能为人们提供娱乐，还能够提供照明和充电。
51．句意：发明在我们的日常生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。此处需要形容词作定语，结合备选词，day的形容词daily“日常的”符合语境，故填daily。
52．句意：哈佛大学的一位老师想让他的学生做一个项目。此处需要名词作宾语，结合“A teacher in Harvard University wanted to let his students do a...”和备选词可知，是做一个项目，project“项目”符合语境，故填project。
53．句意：听到这些后，茱莉亚和杰西卡回答说：“我们想接受这项艰巨的工作。”根据“...hearing that, Julia and Jessica answered”可知，听到这些后做了回答，备选词after符合语境，句首首字母要大写，故填After。
54．句意：他们认为为了能很好地完成任务，他们应该先做一项调查。根据“They thought they should...a research first”可知，先做一个调查，do“做”符合语境，情态动词后跟动词原形。故填do。
55．句意：所以他们在纸上列出了一些用电较少的国家，并仔细研究了它们。根据“So they...some countries with less electric energy on the paper”可知，在纸上列出一些用电较少的国家，list“列清单”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填listed。
56．句意：虽然他们有一个想法，但实现起来有点困难。根据“it was a bit hard for...to make it come true”可知，对他们来说有点难，用宾格them作宾语，故填them。
57．句意：然后他们向他们的朋友求助。根据“Then they asked their friends...help.”可知，此处是ask sb. for help短语，意为“向……求助”，故填for。
58．句意：完成这项任务花了他们很长时间，但最后他们还是成功地完成了。根据“It took them a long time to complete the task, but finally they did it...”可知，最终成功完成，用副词successfully修饰动词，故填successfully。
59．句意：当球员踢球时，内部的电池从球的运动中获取能量。根据“the battery inside caught the energy from the...movements”可知，从球的运动中获取能量，用名词所有格ball’s作定语，故填ball’s。
60．句意：一个简单的课堂项目可以让我们的生活变得更好，这真是太棒了。根据“It is fantastic that a simple class project can make our lives much...”可知，一个简单的课堂项目可以让我们的生活变得更好，much修饰比较级，good的比较级better“更好”符合语境，故填better。
61．is enjoyed 62．that 63．was invented 64．be played 65．getting 66．but 67．most famous 68．has increased 69．heroes 70．to work
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了篮球的历史、发明者、全球普及情况以及篮球在中国的受欢迎程度。
61．句意：篮球是一项备受喜爱且富有活力的运动，许多人都喜欢参与其中，既能享受乐趣又能锻炼身体。根据“Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that…by many for fun and exercise.”可知，此处的时态为一般现在时，主语是Basketball，强调的是篮球这项运动被许多人喜欢和享受，空处应填enjoy的被动语态is enjoyed。故填is enjoyed。
62．句意：人们相信历史上第一场篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。根据“It is believed…the first basketball game in history was played on December 21,1891.”可知，固定句型It is believed that...。故填that。
63．句意：篮球是由一位名叫詹姆斯·内斯密斯的加拿大博士发明的，他于1861年出生。根据“Basketball…by a Canadian doctor”可知，此处指篮球被发明，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，系动词用was。故填was invented。
64．句意：当他是一名大学老师时，被人要求想出一个可以在冬天进行的游戏。根据“a game that could …in the winter.”可知，此处应为被动语态，情态动词could后接动词原形。故填be played。
65．句意：与此同时，他们还需要阻止对手队将球投入自己的篮筐。根据“they need to stop the competing team from…the ball into their own basket.”可知，此处是一个常用动词短语stop sb from doing sth“阻止某人去做某事”，空处应填get的动名词形式getting。故填getting。
66．句意：篮球不仅成为了一项受欢迎的运动，而且也成为了一项受欢迎的观看项目。not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”，固定短语。故填but。
67．句意：尽管美国的NBA比赛最为著名，但CBA比赛在中国也越来越受欢迎。根据定冠词the可知，此处应为famous的最高级形式。故填most famous。
68．句意：NBA中包括中国球员在内的外国球员数量正在增加。根据“The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA…”可知，此处表示外国球员数量的增加是从过去某一点开始一直持续到现在，主语The number of foreign players是一个单数名词短语，因此空处应填increase的现在完成时形式has increased。故填has increased。
69．句意：许多年轻人崇拜这些篮球英雄，想要成为他们那样的人。根据“these basketball”可知，此处用名词复数形式。故填heroes。
70．句意：这些明星鼓励年轻人努力工作，实现自己的梦想。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，空处用动词不定式形式。故填to work。
71．At three. 72．Because she has many activities. 73．A fitness tracker. 74．By setting goals. 75．Some Americans.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是Grace Brown因学业和课外活动繁忙，没有时间上实体体育课，于是通过佩戴学校提供的健身追踪器Fitbit，利用虚拟体育课程来获取学分。
71．根据“The school day lasts from about eight o’clock in the morning to three in the afternoon.”可知，Grace的学校下午三点放学。故填At three.
72．根据“But because of her many activities, Grace has no time for a class in physical education.”可知，Grace因为有很多活动，所以没有时间上体育课。故填Because she has many activities.
73．根据“Brown wears a fitness tracker (追踪器) called Fitbit that the school provides. She wears it on her arm while doing exercise lasting 30 minutes or longer three times a week.”可知，Grace在做运动时使用健身追踪器Fitbit。故填A fitness tracker.
74．根据“But teachers do lead students’ work by setting goals such as fat burning, using the technology as their eyes and ears.”可知，体育老师通过设定目标来指导学生的锻炼，利用技术作为他们的眼睛和耳朵。故填By setting goals.
75．根据“And some Americans worry that students exercising on their own may miss out on important social spirits such as teamwork.”可知，一些美国人担心学生自己锻炼可能会错过重要的团队精神。故填Some Americans.
76．例文
Amazing Robot
Last week, I went to the science and technology museum. I was greatly interested in a new kind of robot—Home Doctor. Home Doctor looks like a lovely girl, and it is about 1.2 meters tall. It is made from recycled materials, like glass and plastic. Home Doctor can do all kinds of housework and speak different foreign languages. Home Doctor also has some new functions. It can not only give people lots of advice on health, but also treat common diseases at home. It will help people save a lot of time, because they needn’t go to the hospital whenever they feel sick or get hurt. What’s more, it can help take good care of the old people and babies at home.
I believe Home Doctor will be very popular with people in the future.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：根据实际情况灵活运用时态；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏任何要点，可适当添加细节，使作文内容意思连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步，开头描述背景，引出“家庭医生机器人”这一话题；
第二步，详述机器人的外观、材料和功能；
第三步，点评这款机器人应该会受到欢迎。
[亮点词汇]
①be made from 由……制成
②all kinds of 各种各样的
③not only...but also 不仅……而且
[高分句型]
①It will help people save a lot of time, because they needn’t go to the hospital whenever they feel sick or get hurt. (because引导原因状语从句)
②I believe Home Doctor will be very popular with people in the future. (宾语从句)
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