Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
(语法项目——表语从句)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Our monitor's suggestion is that① we should set aside 15 minutes every day to read newspapers.This is where② I agree with him.The only question is how③ we should choose the proper newspapers.It seems as if④ there are numerous kinds of newspapers and each one is useful for us to get more information about the world outside.Our monitor insists that the first thing to consider is whether⑤ it is beneficial to our study, which is what⑥ we all approve of.
①that引导表语从句，只起连接作用；
②where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语；
③how引导表语从句，在从句中作方式状语；
④as if引导表语从句，意为“似乎，好像”；
⑤whether引导表语从句，意为“是否”；
⑥what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
[自主感知]
①(教材典句)One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
②(教材典句)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
③(教材典句)The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
④Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.
⑤His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
⑥That's why we've given you the letter.
[会发现]
(1)句①②③为__________引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何句子成分，且句意完整。
(2)句④为what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作__________，意为“……的事情”。
(3)句⑤为whether引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何句子成分，whether在句中意为__________。
(4)句⑥为why引导的表语从句，why在从句中作__________，意为“……的原因”。
[规则点拨]
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。表语从句可由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词来引导。
一、表语从句连接词的用法
1．连接词that/whether
that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否”的意义。
The trouble is that she has lost his address.
麻烦的是她弄丢了他的地址。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
名师点津：if不能引导表语从句。
2．连接代词
引导表语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能让谁去替代她。
Tom is no longer what he used to be.
汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。
3．连接副词
引导表语从句的连接副词主要有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。
That was where we camped last time.
那就是我们上次野营的地方。
This is why Sara was late for class.
这就是萨拉上课迟到的原因。
4．其他连接词
另外，because, as if, as though, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。
He didn't have breakfast.That is because he got up late.
他没吃早饭，那是因为他起床晚了。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
二、注意事项
1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别
That's why ... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That's because ... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
I didn't phone her, and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话，那就是她对我生气的原因。
I didn't phone her, and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气。
2．reason作主语时的表语从句
主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用because。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.
如此严重的一起事故的原因是司机太粗心、喝酒太多。
3．表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice, suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea等，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不可换成would。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
4．其他系动词＋表语从句
除be以外，可用于表语从句的系动词还有：seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain等。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.
听起来好像你来自美国南部。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)I have learned the skill of playing the piano.It is simply ________________________.
我学会了弹钢琴这项技能。仅仅因为它能使我的心情放松。
②The question is ___________________________________________________________.
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
③Now ________________ she had known Millie for years.
现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。
④My advice is __________________________ as often as possible.
我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
⑤That's ____________________.
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
⑥The problem is ________________________.
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
⑦(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)My suggestion is ________________ when learning English.
我的建议是学生们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法。
⑧(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ________________ an English trainer.
他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是为什么他们需要一位英语培训师。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.填入适当的连接词
1．Her biggest problem is __________ she fails to get on well with her classmates at school.
2．She felt __________ a heavy burden was lifted off her shoulder.
3．The question is __________ we can make preparations in such a short time.
4．Her confusion was __________ she could handle the challenges while she was studying abroad.
5．The biggest reason why he loves China is __________ he enjoys different Chinese cuisines.
6．That is __________ English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
7．From space, the earth looks blue.This is __________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
8．(2024·浙江1月高考)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's __________ they'll promote.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. .
我既没有雨衣也没有伞。那就是我全身湿透的原因。
2．To me, a strong willpower ____________________________________.
对我来说，坚强的意志力是完成任何困难的事情所需要的。
3．His suggestion is ________________________________________________.
他的建议就是我们做工作要更细心些。
4．What remains the most important ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
最重要的是，人工智能应用永远不可能拥有和人类一样的创造力和想象力。
5．____________________________________ his attitude to work sets me a good example.
我钦佩他的原因是他对工作的态度给我树立了一个好的榜样。
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示用表语从句完成短文
Mei Lanfang was born into a family of Beijing and Kunqu Opera performers in 1894.What he did at the age of eight was ①______________________________________________ (他开始每天接受京剧训练)．When he was 17, he kept a flock of pigeons and trained them to fly high.Every day Mei watched them as they flew, and ②__________________________________________ (那就是他如何发展眼部动作的) that were so crucial to his art.Hard work and dedication were ③____________________________________ (使他成为京剧界的领军人物)．
Mei was also an innovator.In addition to new stage designs and singing styles, his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters.This was ④__________________________________________________________ (极大地促进了京剧的发展)．
Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the spread of Beijing Opera for almost 60 years.This lifelong devotion is ⑤______________________________ (使他成为有史以来最著名的京剧艺术家之一)．
Section Ⅲ
慧学语法
[会发现] (1)that (2)主语 (3)是否 (4)原因状语
[对点练] ①because it can keep my mind relaxed
②whether the film is worth seeing ③it looks as though/if ④that you (should) practise speaking English
⑤where I first met her ⑥who is really fit for the hard job
⑦that students should try various ways ⑧why they need
活用语法
Ⅰ.1.that 2.as if 3.whether 4.how 5.that 6.why
7．because 8.what
Ⅱ.1.That is why I got wet through
2．is what it takes to accomplish anything difficult
3．that we (should) do our work more carefully
4．is that AI apps can never have the same creativity and imagination as humans 5.The reason why I admire him is that
Ⅲ.①that he started training in Beijing Opera every day
②that was how he developed the eye movements
③what made him a leading artist in Beijing Opera
④what contributed greatly to the development of Beijing Opera
⑤what has made him one of the most celebrated Beijing Opera artists of all time(共59张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
(语法项目——表语从句)
目 录
课时跟踪检测
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Our monitor's suggestion is that① we should set aside 15 minutes every day to read newspapers.This is where② I agree with him.The only question is how③ we should choose the proper newspapers.It seems as if④ there are numerous kinds of newspapers and each one is
useful for us to get more information about the world outside.Our monitor insists that the first thing to consider is whether⑤ it is beneficial to our study, which is what⑥ we all approve of.
①that引导表语从句，只起连接作用；
②where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语；
③how引导表语从句，在从句中作方式状语；
④as if引导表语从句，意为“似乎，好像”；
⑤whether引导表语从句，意为“是否”；
⑥what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语。
[自主感知]
①(教材典句)One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
②(教材典句)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
③(教材典句)The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
④Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.
⑤His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
⑥That's why we've given you the letter.
[会发现]
(1)句①②③为 引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何句子成分，且句意完整。
(2)句④为what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作 ，意为“……的事情”。
that
主语
(3)句⑤为whether引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何句子成分，whether在句中意为 。
(4)句⑥为why引导的表语从句，why在从句中作 ，意为“……的原因”。
是否
原因状语
[规则点拨]
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。表语从句可由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词来引导。
一、表语从句连接词的用法
1．连接词that/whether
that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否”的意义。
The trouble is that she has lost his address.
麻烦的是她弄丢了他的地址。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
名师点津：if不能引导表语从句。
2．连接代词
引导表语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能让谁去替代她。
Tom is no longer what he used to be.
汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。
3．连接副词
引导表语从句的连接副词主要有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。
That was where we camped last time.
那就是我们上次野营的地方。
This is why Sara was late for class.
这就是萨拉上课迟到的原因。
4．其他连接词
另外，because, as if, as though, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。
He didn't have breakfast.That is because he got up late.
他没吃早饭，那是因为他起床晚了。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
二、注意事项
1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别
I didn't phone her, and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话，那就是她对我生气的原因。
That's why ... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That's because ... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
I didn't phone her, and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气。
2．reason作主语时的表语从句
主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用because。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.
如此严重的一起事故的原因是司机太粗心、喝酒太多。
3．表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice, suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea等，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不可换成would。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
4．其他系动词＋表语从句
除be以外，可用于表语从句的系动词还有：seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain等。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.
听起来好像你来自美国南部。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)I have learned the skill of playing the piano.It is simply .
我学会了弹钢琴这项技能。仅仅因为它能使我的心情放松。
②The question is .
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
because it can keep my mind relaxed
whether the film is worth seeing
③Now she had known Millie for years.
现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。
④My advice is as often as possible.
我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
it looks as though/if
that you (should) practise speaking English
⑤That's .
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
⑥The problem is .
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
⑦(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)My suggestion is__________________
when learning English.
我的建议是学生们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法。
where I first met her
who is really fit for the hard job
that students should
try various ways
⑧(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is an English trainer.
他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是为什么他们需要一位英语培训师。
why they need
Ⅰ.填入适当的连接词
1．Her biggest problem is she fails to get on well with her classmates at school.
2．She felt a heavy burden was lifted off her shoulder.
3．The question is we can make preparations in such a short time.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
that
as if
whether
4．Her confusion was she could handle the challenges while she was studying abroad.
5．The biggest reason why he loves China is he enjoys different Chinese cuisines.
6．That is English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
how
that
why
7．From space, the earth looks blue.This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
8．(2024·浙江1月高考)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's they'll promote.
because
what
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.__________________
.
我既没有雨衣也没有伞。那就是我全身湿透的原因。
2．To me, a strong willpower_______________________________
.
对我来说，坚强的意志力是完成任何困难的事情所需要的。
That is why I got wet
through
is what it takes to accomplish
anything difficult
3．His suggestion is .
他的建议就是我们做工作要更细心些。
4．What remains the most important________________________
.
最重要的是，人工智能应用永远不可能拥有和人类一样的创造力和想象力。
that we (should) do our work more carefully
is that AI apps can never
have the same creativity and imagination as humans
5． his attitude to work sets me a good example.
我钦佩他的原因是他对工作的态度给我树立了一个好的榜样。
The reason why I admire him is that
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示用表语从句完成短文
Mei Lanfang was born into a family of Beijing and Kunqu Opera performers in 1894.What he did at the age of eight was ① __________
(他开始每天接受京剧训练)．When he was 17, he kept a flock of pigeons and trained them to fly high.Every day Mei watched them as they flew, and ②___________
(那就是他如何发展眼部动作的)
that he
started training in Beijing Opera every day
that was how
he developed the eye movements
that were so crucial to his art.Hard work and dedication were
③ (使他成为京剧界的领军人物)．
Mei was also an innovator.In addition to new stage designs and singing styles, his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters.This was ④__________
(极大地促进了京剧的发展)．
what made him a leading artist in Beijing Opera
what
contributed greatly to the development of Beijing Opera
Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the spread of Beijing Opera for almost 60 years.This lifelong devotion is ⑤_________________________________________
(使他成为有史以来最著名的京剧艺术家之一)．
what has made him one of the most celebrated
Beijing Opera artists of all time
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564.In 1580, Galilei entered the University of Pisa to study medicine.Armed with unusual intelligence and drive, he soon became interested in many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics.
While at the University of Pisa, Galilei was exposed to the Aristotelian view of the world, the only one approved by the Roman Catholic Church at that time.At first, Galilei also supported this view, like any other person of his time.In 1589, Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa.And he made his famous experiments with falling objects there.Then Galilei began to write about his discovery of the falling objects, which was against the Aristotelian theory.For that reason he lost his job at the University of Pisa in 1592.But Galilei continued his scientific study.
In July 1609, Galilei learned about a simple telescope made by Dutch eyeglass makers and soon developed one of his own.In August, he showed it to some Venetian businessmen who saw its usefulness in sailing and spotting ships.They gave Galilei a salary and asked him to make several telescopes for them.
Galilei's ambition pushed him to go further.In the fall of 1609, he turned his telescope towards space.Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galilei observed the Moon and proved the planet Venus moved around the Sun, which was against the Aristotelian theory that the Earth was the centre of the universe.In January 1610, he discovered four moons moving around Jupiter.He also found that the telescope showed much more stars than the naked eye (肉眼) could see.These discoveries were startling, and Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries.
Galilei's great contributions to our understanding of the universe include not only his discoveries, but also the methods he developed and the use of mathematics to prove them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利科学家伽利略的生平事迹以及主要成就。
1．Which subject was Galilei most interested in while he was at university
A．Medicine. B．Physics.
C．Chemistry. D．Philosophy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1580, ...physics.”可知，伽利略在大学时对数学和物理最感兴趣。故选B项。
√
√
2．Why did Galilei lose his job at the University of Pisa
A．His teaching method failed to attract his students.
B．His relationship with other professors wasn't good.
C．His scientific discovery wasn't supported by some people.
D．His potential related to science wasn't fully developed then.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段首句以及“In 1589, ...study.”可知，伽利略在比萨大学丢了工作是因为他的科学发现没有得到一些人的支持。故选C项。
√
3．What does the underlined word “startling” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Surprising. B．Unwelcome.
C．Terrible. D．Encouraging.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中“He also ...could see.”以及画线单词所在句中“...and Galilei quickly ...discoveries.”可知，此处为这些发现令人震惊。故可猜测画线单词startling为“惊人的”意思，故选A项。
√
4．Which of the following words can be used to describe Galilei
A．Enthusiastic. B．Determined.
C．Courageous. D．All the above.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Armed with ...physics.”以及第二段中“For that reason ...study.”和倒数第二段中“Galilei's ambition ...space.”可推知，伽利略是充满热情、有决心以及勇敢的一个人。故选D项。
Ⅱ.用恰当的连接词完成下面对话
A：This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.
B：Absolutely.You may not believe it, but that was ①_____ happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
what
A：With your theoretical framework
B：Exactly.The problem was not about ② all our theories were equally good, but in deciding which theory to depend upon.
A：Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
B：Yes, it is.And it seemed ③ all the theories were useful, but the fact was ④ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
whether
as if
that
A：This was ⑤ you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
B：You're right.At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ⑥ we had to carry out the research in the first place.
A：So what happened in the end
B：We realised that what we cared about was not ⑦ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ⑧ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
when
why
which
how
B：We realised that what we cared about was not ⑦ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ⑧ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
which
how
Ⅲ.语法填空
Zu Chongzhi was one of 1 greatest mathematicians in ancient China.He was born during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.From a young age, Zu 2 (teach) natural science, astronomy (天文学), math and so on.The little boy was 3 (interest) in all of these subjects, 4_ (especial) in math.
Zu was best known for his calculation of pi(π)．According to the record, he did all the work using nothing but wooden sticks.
5 took him lots of time to work out the value — 6 3.1415926 and 3.1415927.No one at that time was able to do better than Zu.And now the achievement is still praised by people around the world.In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest 7 (call) pi “Zu Lv”．
Zu was successful not only in math, but also in astronomy.He worked out that a year should be 365.24281481 days long and created the Daming Calendar. 8 ， government officials at that time did not agree with Zu.The great mathematician never saw his calendar put into use.Almost ten years after his 9 (die)，the new calendar was finally accepted.
Zu was an inventor, too.He once made a vehicle 10 carried a pointer (指针)．No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the south.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代最伟大的数学家之一——祖冲之的个人经历以及贡献。
1．the 考查冠词。形容词最高级前应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
2．was taught 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文From a young age可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态；主语为Zu，谓语用单数。故填was taught。
3．interested 考查形容词。空处作表语，主语为人，应用-ed结尾形容词interested。
4．especially 考查副词。修饰后文介词短语应用副词especially。故填especially。
5．It 考查固定句型。此处为句型it took/takes sb.some time to do sth.，it作形式主语。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填It。
6．between 考查介词。此处表示两者之间，应用between ...and ...。故填between。
7．calling 考查非谓语动词。短语suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”。故填calling。
8．However 考查副词。结合前后文语境可知，上下文为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用however。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填However。
9．death 考查名词。此处作介词的宾语，应用名词death，此处为不可数名词。故填death。
10．that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词vehicle，并在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
Ⅳ.根据要求完成下面的习作(填连接词或根据汉语提示填空)
Danger ① (不是我们期待的)．But the truth is ② it often comes suddenly and unexpectedly.How can we get out of danger There are many answers to this question.The key is ③_______ we can face danger bravely.What you must remember is ④____________________________ (你必须相信自己)．Just remember
is not what we expect
that
whether
that you must believe in yourself
that you can defeat danger.Tell yourself that you can turn into a superwoman or a superman when you are in danger.This is ⑤ I am going to tell you the stories about Mrs Pam.Mrs Pam reported that her body was nearly run over by a car when she was trying to save her baby.Mrs Pam weighs only fifty kilograms.She looks ⑥_____________
(好像她很虚弱), but she said she lifted the car to save her baby.
why
as if she were
very weakUNIT 1 课时检测(三) Learning About Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564.In 1580, Galilei entered the University of Pisa to study medicine.Armed with unusual intelligence and drive, he soon became interested in many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics.
While at the University of Pisa, Galilei was exposed to the Aristotelian view of the world, the only one approved by the Roman Catholic Church at that time.At first, Galilei also supported this view, like any other person of his time.In 1589, Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa.And he made his famous experiments with falling objects there.Then Galilei began to write about his discovery of the falling objects, which was against the Aristotelian theory.For that reason he lost his job at the University of Pisa in 1592.But Galilei continued his scientific study.
In July 1609, Galilei learned about a simple telescope made by Dutch eyeglass makers and soon developed one of his own.In August, he showed it to some Venetian businessmen who saw its usefulness in sailing and spotting ships.They gave Galilei a salary and asked him to make several telescopes for them.
Galilei's ambition pushed him to go further.In the fall of 1609, he turned his telescope towards space.Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galilei observed the Moon and proved the planet Venus moved around the Sun, which was against the Aristotelian theory that the Earth was the centre of the universe.In January 1610, he discovered four moons moving around Jupiter.He also found that the telescope showed much more stars than the naked eye (肉眼) could see.These discoveries were startling,_and Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries.
Galilei's great contributions to our understanding of the universe include not only his discoveries, but also the methods he developed and the use of mathematics to prove them.
1．Which subject was Galilei most interested in while he was at university
A．Medicine. B．Physics.
C．Chemistry. D．Philosophy.
2．Why did Galilei lose his job at the University of Pisa
A．His teaching method failed to attract his students.
B．His relationship with other professors wasn't good.
C．His scientific discovery wasn't supported by some people.
D．His potential related to science wasn't fully developed then.
3．What does the underlined word “startling” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Surprising. B．Unwelcome.
C．Terrible. D．Encouraging.
4．Which of the following words can be used to describe Galilei
A．Enthusiastic. B．Determined.
C．Courageous. D．All the above.
Ⅱ.用恰当的连接词完成下面对话
A：This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.
B：Absolutely.You may not believe it, but that was ①__________ happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
A：With your theoretical framework
B：Exactly.The problem was not about ②________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding which theory to depend upon.
A：Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
B：Yes, it is.And it seemed ③__________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was ④__________ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
A：This was ⑤__________ you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
B：You're right.At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ⑥__________ we had to carry out the research in the first place.
A：So what happened in the end
B：We realised that what we cared about was not ⑦__________ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ⑧__________ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
Ⅲ.语法填空
Zu Chongzhi was one of __1__ greatest mathematicians in ancient China.He was born during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.From a young age, Zu __2__ (teach) natural science, astronomy (天文学), math and so on.The little boy was __3__ (interest) in all of these subjects, __4__ (especial) in math.
Zu was best known for his calculation of pi(π)．According to the record, he did all the work using nothing but wooden sticks.
__5__ took him lots of time to work out the value — __6__3.1415926 and 3.1415927.No one at that time was able to do better than Zu.And now the achievement is still praised by people around the world.In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest __7__ (call) pi “Zu Lv”．
Zu was successful not only in math, but also in astronomy.He worked out that a year should be 365.24281481 days long and created the Daming Calendar.__8__， government officials at that time did not agree with Zu.The great mathematician never saw his calendar put into use.Almost ten years after his __9__ (die)，the new calendar was finally accepted.
Zu was an inventor, too.He once made a vehicle __10__ carried a pointer (指针)．No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the south.
Ⅳ.根据要求完成下面的习作(填连接词或根据汉语提示填空)
Danger ①____________________ (不是我们期待的)．But the truth is ②__________ it often comes suddenly and unexpectedly.How can we get out of danger There are many answers to this question.The key is ③__________ we can face danger bravely.What you must remember is ④________________________ (你必须相信自己)．Just remember that you can defeat danger.Tell yourself that you can turn into a superwoman or a superman when you are in danger.This is ⑤__________ I am going to tell you the stories about Mrs Pam.Mrs Pam reported that her body was nearly run over by a car when she was trying to save her baby.Mrs Pam weighs only fifty kilograms.She looks ⑥________________________ (好像她很虚弱), but she said she lifted the car to save her baby.
UNIT 1 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利科学家伽利略的生平事迹以及主要成就。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1580, ...physics.”可知，伽利略在大学时对数学和物理最感兴趣。故选B项。
2．选C 细节理解题。根据第二段首句以及“In 1589, ...study.”可知，伽利略在比萨大学丢了工作是因为他的科学发现没有得到一些人的支持。故选C项。
3．选A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“He also ...could see.”以及画线单词所在句中“...and Galilei quickly ...discoveries.”可知，此处为这些发现令人震惊。故可猜测画线单词startling为“惊人的”意思，故选A项。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Armed with ...physics.”以及第二段中“For that reason ...study.”和倒数第二段中“Galilei's ambition ...space.”可推知，伽利略是充满热情、有决心以及勇敢的一个人。故选D项。
Ⅱ.①what ②whether ③as if ④that ⑤when ⑥why
⑦which ⑧how
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代最伟大的数学家之一——祖冲之的个人经历以及贡献。
1．the 考查冠词。形容词最高级前应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
2．was taught 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文From a young age可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态；主语为Zu，谓语用单数。故填was taught。
3．interested 考查形容词。空处作表语，主语为人，应用ed结尾形容词interested。
4．especially 考查副词。修饰后文介词短语应用副词especially。故填especially。
5．It 考查固定句型。此处为句型it took/takes sb.some time to do sth.，it作形式主语。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填It。
6．between 考查介词。此处表示两者之间，应用between ...and ...。故填between。
7．calling 考查非谓语动词。短语suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”。故填calling。
8．However 考查副词。结合前后文语境可知，上下文为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用however。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填However。
9．death 考查名词。此处作介词的宾语，应用名词death，此处为不可数名词。故填death。
10．that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词vehicle，并在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
Ⅳ.①is not what we expect ②that ③whether ④that you must believe in yourself ⑤why ⑥as if she were very weak
