Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
(语法项目——过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
The primary school in my village was built several years ago. It had been① famous throughout the town before I studied there. By 1978, the school had been changed② several times. By the end of last century, it had become③ a model school. When I graduated, it had won④ many honors. Before last year's anniversary of the founding of the school, most of its buildings had been rebuilt⑤ and it is now larger and more beautiful than ever before.,①过去完成时。主从句的动作都发生在过去，动作在前的要用过去完成时；
②过去完成时的被动语态。时间状语为by介词短语，表示“过去的过去”；
③过去完成时。动作发生在“过去的过去”；
④过去完成时。when引导的时间状语从句中动作发生在过去，主句动作在前，要用过去完成时；
⑤过去完成时的被动语态。表示动作发生在“过去的过去”。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
[自主感知]
①(教材典句)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
②(教材典句)When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
③Had you visited the Forbidden City before you came here last year
④I hadn't finished reading the book by nine o'clock last night.
⑤What had you done before the boss made the decision
[会发现] 过去完成时及其被动语态的构成
种类 构成 匹配例句(只填写序号)
肯定句 主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他成分．
否定句 主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他成分．
一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋had. 否定回答：No, 主语＋had not.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？
被动结构 主语＋had (not) been done＋其他成分.
[规则点拨]
一、过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”。
(一)用法
1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。与过去完成时连用的时间状语常有：by＋过去的时间点；by the end of＋过去的时间点；before＋过去的时间点；还可以通过上下文的暗示。
①By about 6000 BC, people had discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
到大约公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最好的可种植的农作物和最好的可饲养的动物。
②More than six hundred trees had been planted before last Wednesday.
在上周三前已经种了600多棵树。
③They became homeless again，for their house had been destroyed in the earthquake.
他们又一次无家可归了，因为他们的房子在地震中被毁掉了。
④By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.
我赶到车站时，火车已经离开了。
2．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等动词。
①They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
②I had meant to come, but something happened.
我本想来，但有事发生了。
③He had intended that he would come to see you himself, but he was too busy.
他本来打算亲自来看你，但他太忙了。
3．用于宾语从句中。
当主句为一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，宾语从句要用过去完成时。一般用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
①I wanted to make dumplings but found I had run out of flour, so I went out to buy some.
我想包饺子，但发现面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.我迅速在人群中寻找学校的教练，问他发生了什么事。
4．用于状语从句中。
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
①After he had finished his homework, he watched the TV.
完成作业后，他才看电视的。
②If I had waited to have the time, I would still be hoping to write my novel.如果我一直等着有时间，我仍然会希望写我的小说。
③The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach.第一天我把它关了，因为我把它放在伸手可及的地方。
④People were moving around me as if they hadn't seen me.
人们在我周围走动，好像没看见我似的。
[名师点津] 有时before, after引导时间状语从句时，主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，时间先后不明显，则主、从句都可用一般过去时。
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
关上门后，他离开了教室。
5．过去完成时常用于某些特殊句型中。
(1)主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时，hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装)
Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
＝We had hardly arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
我们一到农场就看见橙子挂满枝头。
(2)It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。
(3)It was the first/second ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
[对点练1]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①By the end of last month he ______________ (work) in Shanghai for twenty years.
②When I got to school, I realized I __________ (leave) my schoolbag at home.
③She ______________ (work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher.
④I ______________ (want) to cook with you but couldn't get here in time.
⑤The pen I thought I ______________ (lose) was on my desk, right under my nose.
(2)完成句子
⑥We ________________________ come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
⑦The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized _______________________.
他刚一交上考卷就意识到忘了写名字了。
⑧I ____________________________________ at the airport, but I had some things to deal with.
我本来打算去机场接你们，但我有一些事情要处理。
⑨It was three years since we ____________________________________________.
我们离开那座城市已有三年了。
⑩We ____________________ than a thunderstorm broke.
我们刚出发就遇到了雷雨。
(二)过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间发生的动作。
①They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.到昨天10点他们才到达车站。
②They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
昨天10点他们到达车站。
2．在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.Because she had just won the first prize in the composition competition.她很高兴，她全家人也很高兴，因为她在作文比赛中获得了一等奖。
(三)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语；而过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语。
①She had been ill for a week before she came back.在回来之前，她病了一周了。
②She has been ill for a week.
她已经病了一周了。
[对点练2] (完成句子)
①I wrote back telling my teacher that ____________________________________.
我回信告诉老师，他的表扬极大地鼓励了我。
②I ________________________ till now.
直到现在我还没收到她的来信。
③By the time I got up, my sister ____________________________________.
到我起床的时候，我姐姐已经把衣服都洗了。
④She said that ____________________________________ before she came to our school.
她说她来我们学校之前已经学了多年英语了。
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1．表示过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作，强调动作的承受者，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。
①Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer companies. 马克是个天才，到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作。
②The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有被打扫过。
2．在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中。
They said the production costs had been reduced.
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
3．根据语意可以判断出在过去时间段中动作先后的被动语态，先发生的动作用过去完成时的被动语态。
As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.
工作完成后，他继续在网上搜索。
[对点练3] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①Jones got the idea after he __________ (talk) with an elderly lady who ________________ (cheat) of her money.
②The boy didn't remember whether his homework ____________________ (hand) in.
③The media reported more than 1,000 people ____________________ (kill) in the earthquake.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．By the end of last year we had built five new buildings.
→
(变为被动语态)
2．Someone had broken into my house before I returned.
→
(变为被动语态)
3．She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.
①
(变为否定句)
②
(变为一般疑问句)
③
(对句中主语she提问)
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Before her husband came to rescue her, ____________________________________.
在她的丈夫来营救她之前，她沉浸在悲伤之中。
2．______________________________ when I rode my horse to chase after it excitedly.
一瞥见这只可爱的兔子我就兴奋地骑着马追赶它。
3．It was the first time that ____________________________________， so my excitement was beyond description.
这是我第一次参加越野跑，兴奋之情难以言表。
4．It suddenly occurred to him that ____________________________________.
他突然想起他的作业落在家里了。
5．__________________________ on Friday afternoon，but something unexpected happened.
我本打算周五下午和你一起去书店，但是发生了意想不到的事情。
Ⅲ.用括号内单词的正确时态完成下面短文
A cow and a fox went out to search for food together.They ①__________ (go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way.They were both very frightened.The fox ②__________ (think) of a way of saving his own life, and went up to the lion and said in his ear，“I ③____________ (help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him，if you let me go free.” The lion ④__________ (agree)，and the fox then led the cow to a hidden pit (坑), which a hunter ⑤__________ (dig) as a trap for wild animals, and the cow ⑥__________ (fall) into it.When the lion saw that the cow ⑦______________ (catch) and couldn't get away, he ⑧__________ (turn) his attention to the fox.He soon finished him off，and then ⑨__________ (go) on to eat the cow.
Betray (背叛) a friend, and you'll often find you ⑩______________ (ruin) yourself.
Section Ⅲ
慧学语法
[会发现] ② ④ ③ ⑤ ①
一、[对点练1] ①had worked ②had left ③had worked
④had wanted ⑤had lost ⑥had hoped to be able to
⑦he had forgotten to write down his name
⑧had intended I would go to pick you up ⑨had left the city
⑩had no sooner set out
[对点练2] ①his praise had greatly encouraged me
②haven't heard from her ③had already washed all the clothes ④she had learned English for years
二、[对点练3] ①had talked; had been cheated
②had been handed ③had been killed
活用语法
Ⅰ.1.Five new buildings had been built (by us) by the end of last year.
2．My house had been broken into (by someone) before I returned.
3．①She hadn't finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.
②Had she finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning
③Who had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning
Ⅱ.1.she had been buried in sadness
2．Hardly had I glimpsed the cute rabbit
3．I had got involved in the crosscountry run
4．his homework had been left at home
5．I had intended to go to the bookstore with you
Ⅲ.①had gone ②thought ③will help ④agreed ⑤had dug
⑥fell ⑦had been caught ⑧turned ⑨went ⑩have ruined(共69张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
(语法项目——过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态)
目 录
课时跟踪检测
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
The primary school in my village was built several years ago. It had been① famous throughout the town before I studied there. By 1978, the school had been changed② several times. By the end of last century, it had become③ a model school. When I graduated, it had won④ many honors. Before last year's anniversary of the founding of the school, most of its buildings had been rebuilt⑤ and it is now larger and more beautiful than ever before.
①过去完成时。主从句的动作都发生在过去，动作在前的要用过去完成时；
②过去完成时的被动语态。时间状语为by介词短语，表示“过去的过去”；
③过去完成时。动作发生在“过去的过去”；
④过去完成时。when引导的时间状语从句中动作发生在过去，主句动作在前，要用过去完成时；
⑤过去完成时的被动语态。表示动作发生在“过去的过去”。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
[自主感知]
①(教材典句)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
②(教材典句)When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
③Had you visited the Forbidden City before you came here last year
④I hadn't finished reading the book by nine o'clock last night.
⑤What had you done before the boss made the decision
[会发现] 过去完成时及其被动语态的构成
种类 构成 匹配例句
(只填写序号)
肯定句 主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他成分． ___
否定句 主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他成分． ___
一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋had. 否定回答：No, 主语＋had not. ____
②
④
③
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋ 其他成分？ ____
被动结构 主语＋had (not) been done＋其他成分. ___
续表
⑤
①
[规则点拨]
一、过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”。
(一)用法
1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。与过去完成时连用的时间状语常有：by＋过去的时间点；by the end of＋过去的时间点；before＋过去的时间点；还可以通过上下文的暗示。
①By about 6000 BC, people had discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
到大约公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最好的可种植的农作物和最好的可饲养的动物。
②More than six hundred trees had been planted before last Wednesday.
在上周三前已经种了600多棵树。
③They became homeless again，for their house had been destroyed in the earthquake.
他们又一次无家可归了，因为他们的房子在地震中被毁掉了。
④By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.
我赶到车站时，火车已经离开了。
2．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等动词。
①They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
②I had meant to come, but something happened.
我本想来，但有事发生了。
③He had intended that he would come to see you himself, but he was too busy.
他本来打算亲自来看你，但他太忙了。
3．用于宾语从句中。
当主句为一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，宾语从句要用过去完成时。一般用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
①I wanted to make dumplings but found I had run out of flour, so I went out to buy some.
我想包饺子，但发现面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.
我迅速在人群中寻找学校的教练，问他发生了什么事。
4．用于状语从句中。
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
①After he had finished his homework, he watched the TV.
完成作业后，他才看电视的。
②If I had waited to have the time, I would still be hoping to write my novel.
如果我一直等着有时间，我仍然会希望写我的小说。
③The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach.
第一天我把它关了，因为我把它放在伸手可及的地方。
④People were moving around me as if they hadn't seen me.
人们在我周围走动，好像没看见我似的。
[名师点津] 有时before, after引导时间状语从句时，主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，时间先后不明显，则主、从句都可用一般过去时。
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
关上门后，他离开了教室。
5．过去完成时常用于某些特殊句型中。
(1)主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时，hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装)
Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
＝We had hardly arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
我们一到农场就看见橙子挂满枝头。
(2)It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
(3)It was the first/second ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
[对点练1]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①By the end of last month he (work) in Shanghai for twenty years.
②When I got to school, I realized I (leave) my schoolbag at home.
had worked
had left
③She (work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher.
④I (want) to cook with you but couldn't get here in time.
⑤The pen I thought I (lose) was on my desk, right under my nose.
had worked
had wanted
had lost
(2)完成句子
⑥We come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
⑦The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized________
.
他刚一交上考卷就意识到忘了写名字了。
had hoped to be able to
he had
forgotten to write down his name
⑧I at the airport, but I had some things to deal with.
我本来打算去机场接你们，但我有一些事情要处理。
⑨It was three years since we .
我们离开那座城市已有三年了。
⑩We than a thunderstorm broke.
我们刚出发就遇到了雷雨。
had intended I would go to pick you up
had left the city
had no sooner set out
(二)过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间发生的动作。
①They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
到昨天10点他们才到达车站。
②They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
昨天10点他们到达车站。
2．在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.Because she had just won the first prize in the composition competition.
她很高兴，她全家人也很高兴，因为她在作文比赛中获得了一等奖。
(三)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语；而过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语。
①She had been ill for a week before she came back.
在回来之前，她病了一周了。
②She has been ill for a week.
她已经病了一周了。
[对点练2] (完成句子)
①I wrote back telling my teacher that________________________
.
我回信告诉老师，他的表扬极大地鼓励了我。
②I till now.
直到现在我还没收到她的来信。
his praise had greatly
encouraged me
haven't heard from her
③By the time I got up, my sister .
到我起床的时候，我姐姐已经把衣服都洗了。
④She said that before she came to our school.
她说她来我们学校之前已经学了多年英语了。
had already washed all the clothes
she had learned English for years
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1．表示过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作，强调动作的承受者，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。
①Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer companies.
马克是个天才，到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作。
②The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有被打扫过。
2．在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中。
They said the production costs had been reduced.
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
3．根据语意可以判断出在过去时间段中动作先后的被动语态，先发生的动作用过去完成时的被动语态。
As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.
工作完成后，他继续在网上搜索。
[对点练3] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①Jones got the idea after he (talk) with an elderly lady who (cheat) of her money.
②The boy didn't remember whether his homework____________
(hand) in.
③The media reported more than 1,000 people ________________
(kill) in the earthquake.
had talked
had been cheated
had been
handed
had been killed
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．By the end of last year we had built five new buildings.
→
(变为被动语态)
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Five new buildings had been built (by us) by the end of last year.
2．Someone had broken into my house before I returned.
→
(变为被动语态)
My house had been broken into (by someone) before I returned.
3．She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.
①__________________________________________________________
(变为否定句)
②__________________________________________________________
(变为一般疑问句)
③__________________________________________________________
(对句中主语she提问)
She hadn't finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.
Had she finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？
Who had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Before her husband came to rescue her,____________________
.
在她的丈夫来营救她之前，她沉浸在悲伤之中。
2． when I rode my horse to chase after it excitedly.
一瞥见这只可爱的兔子我就兴奋地骑着马追赶它。
she had been buried in
sadness
Hardly had I glimpsed the cute rabbit
3．It was the first time that_________________________________
, so my excitement was beyond description.
这是我第一次参加越野跑，兴奋之情难以言表。
4．It suddenly occurred to him that_________________________
.
他突然想起他的作业落在家里了。
I had got involved in the cross-country
run
his homework had been left
at home
5． on Friday afternoon，but something unexpected happened.
我本打算周五下午和你一起去书店，但是发生了意想不到的事情。
I had intended to go to the bookstore with you
Ⅲ.用括号内单词的正确时态完成下面短文
A cow and a fox went out to search for food together.They ①
____ (go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way.They were both very frightened.The fox ② (think) of a way of saving his own life, and went up to the lion and said in his ear，“I ③ (help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him，if you let me go free.” The lion ④ (agree)，
had gone
thought
will help
agreed
and the fox then led the cow to a hidden pit (坑), which a hunter ⑤___
(dig) as a trap for wild animals, and the cow ⑥ (fall) into it.When the lion saw that the cow ⑦ (catch) and couldn't get away, he ⑧ (turn) his attention to the fox.He soon finished him off，and then ⑨ (go) on to eat the cow.
Betray (背叛) a friend, and you'll often find you ⑩____________
(ruin) yourself.
had
dug
fell
had been caught
turned
went
have ruined
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Some people have glibly (轻率地) called it the “Chinese burger”. But roujiamo, a food that has its origins in northern China's Shaanxi Province, is different from what you'd order at Burger King, with a far longer 2,000-year-old history. Roujiamo is a thing of beauty — a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork.
Most amazingly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them. Among a sea of tough competition, Lijiarongxi, a restaurant recognized as the best roujiamo place in town, should owe its success to the soup used to slow-cook its meat, which has been braised on the stove since the founder, Mr Li, first braised it 27 years ago. In fact, most restaurants of good fame have an exclusive heritage recipe (家传秘方) for their soups that often date back to decades ago. The soup in Fanji Roujiamo, one of Xi'an's best-known roujiamo restaurants, is believed to be more than 80 years old!
You might eat the bun quickly in seconds, but like all good things, it should be given time to enjoy. Chefs braise the pork in its decade-old soup for hours and let it sit overnight, making the meat more tender. Such tenderly-cooked meat is what lends this dish the nickname “lao han xi” in Xianyang. That's because the best roujiamo meat is so soft that it should melt in your mouth without having to chew it — imagining the elderly customers in question, without a perfect set of teeth.
It's also worth noting that like most types of regional Chinese food, roujiamo varies depending on the city and community. Buns come baked or pan-fried, and for the meat, Muslim communities in Shaanxi often use beef, while people in Ningxia usually choose lamb.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陕西的特色小吃——肉夹馍。
√
1．What is TRUE about roujiamo
A．A soft but chewy bun with meat.
B．A pork bun with a history less than 2,000 years.
C．A kind of food ordered at Burger King.
D．A typical burger originating in Shaanxi Province.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork”可知，肉夹馍是夹带肉且有嚼劲的饼。
√
2．What is the main factor that makes roujiamo amazing
A．A sea of fierce competition.
B．The softness of the meat.
C．The soup used to braise the meat.
D．Its exclusive heritage recipes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，是比有些顾客年纪还大的炖肉的老汤使人们对肉夹馍感到震惊。
3．What does the nickname “lao han xi” suggest in paragraph 3
A．The decade-old soup is so attractive that the old feel like bathing in it.
B．The meat gets soft and is friendly for the old to eat, making them happy.
C．The meat turns tough after being braised in its decade-old soup for hours.
D．The meat melts in the mouth of the old, who sigh for not tasting it successfully.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，肉夹馍之所以得名“老汉喜”，是因为肉不需要咀嚼，很适合牙口不好的老年人。
√
4．What are the tones of the passage
A．Humorous and affectionate.
B．Ridiculous and religious.
C．Serious but affectionate.
D．Humorous but ridiculous.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，特别是从第二段第一句中的“show their respect for the pork”以及“which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them”可以看出，文章用词幽默，且字里行间透露出作者对这种传统美食的喜爱之情。
Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，并根据汉语提示填空
I was criticised by Miss Wu yesterday because I ①_____________
(上学迟到了). Actually, it was the first time that I ②__________
(被吴老师批评), so I was very upset. My clock didn't ring at 7：00 because it ③________________________________
(被我的弟弟弄坏了). In fact, I got up at 7：40 yesterday morning. What's worse, I found that my bike ④___________________________
was late for
school
had been
criticised by Miss Wu
had been broken by my little brother
had been stolen by someone
(被人偷了) when I went downstairs. Finally I ⑤___________________
(决定乘坐公共汽车) to school. But when I got to the bus station, I found that my wallet ⑥ (落在家里了). Therefore, I had to get off halfway through. I ⑦ (除了跑别无选择). When I arrived at the school gate, the bell ⑧ (已经响了). What a terrible day!
decided to take a bus
had been left at home
had no choice but to run
had rung
Ⅲ.语法填空
This morning I took breakfast out to a friend and her family. They are going through a 1 (challenge) time and must move out of the home they 2 (love) and lived in for 30 years. Many other friends and many extended family 3 (member) were coming 4 (clean) out all the kitchen cabinets, clear closets, help pack boxes, fill bags for donating, paint bedrooms, do yard work, etc. 5 (hopeful), with this one last push, their home will be ready to sell. Though they have a new place all lined up, leaving this one is very bitter-sweet.
I knew many would be hungry by mid-morning 6 I arrived with lots of breakfast burritos, fresh fruit, and glazed carrot cake nut bread (some sliced for today and a few loaves to put in the freezer of their new home). I was glad I 7 (prepare) a fair amount of food as more folks showed up than they had expected. But everyone had 8 job and all were busy. 9 so many of us working together, we helped 10_ (light) this family's load in so many ways. So grateful for this opportunity.
语篇解读：文章讲述了作者给自己的一个朋友以及她的家人们带去丰盛的早餐并与其他朋友一起为他们提供帮助，给她的家庭减轻了很多负担。
1．challenging 考查形容词。此处修饰名词time应用形容词challenging。
2．have loved 考查时态和主谓一致。根据下文中的“for 30 years”可知，应用现在完成时；主语为they，应用have loved。
3．members 考查名词复数。根据上文中的“many extended family”可知，应用名词复数members。
4．to clean 考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，应用to clean。
5．Hopefully 考查副词。此处为副词作状语，应用Hopefully。
6．so 考查连词。根据语境可知，前后是因果关系，应填连词so。
7．had prepared 考查时态。根据主句中的“I was glad”可知，此处时态应用过去完成时。
8．a 考查冠词。这里泛指一份工作，应用不定冠词。故填a。
9．With 考查介词。此处是with复合结构，且位于句首，首字母应大写。
10．lighten 考查动词。此处应用动词lighten，表示“帮助这个家庭减轻负担”。
Ⅳ.根据要求完成下面写作
假定你是李华，你的笔友Simon请你为他和家人的中国之旅推荐一道特色美食，内容包括：
1．美食简介； 2.推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
根据汉语提示补全习作：
Dear Simon，
①______________________________________________________
(很荣幸能把我最喜欢的“臭豆腐”推荐给你). I'll give you a detailed description of it.
It is a great honor for me to recommend my favorite “Stinky
Tofu” to you
Of all the foods ② (我尝试过的), stinky tofu is my favorite.It is blackish or golden brown. As the name suggests, the smell is terrible but surprisingly, ③ (味道实际上相当温和). It ④ (尝起来像炸豆腐) with more of a little sweetness and the sauce ⑤__________________________
(使它尝起来更美味). Deep-fried stinky tofu is firm on the outside but soft and juicy on the inside. Now I can tell the differences
I have ever tried
the taste is actually quite mild
tastes like fried tofu
makes it taste even more
delicious
between various versions of it and like all of their unique flavors as well as their distinctive smells.
To sum up，⑥ (我相信你一定会尽情享受臭豆腐) and not miss it.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
I believe you will enjoy stinky tofu to the fullestUNIT 3 课时检测(三) Learning About Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Some people have glibly (轻率地) called it the “Chinese burger”. But roujiamo, a food that has its origins in northern China's Shaanxi Province, is different from what you'd order at Burger King, with a far longer 2,000 year old history. Roujiamo is a thing of beauty — a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork.
Most amazingly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them. Among a sea of tough competition, Lijiarongxi, a restaurant recognized as the best roujiamo place in town, should owe its success to the soup used to slow cook its meat, which has been braised on the stove since the founder, Mr Li, first braised it 27 years ago. In fact, most restaurants of good fame have an exclusive heritage recipe (家传秘方) for their soups that often date back to decades ago. The soup in Fanji Roujiamo, one of Xi'an's best known roujiamo restaurants, is believed to be more than 80 years old!
You might eat the bun quickly in seconds, but like all good things, it should be given time to enjoy. Chefs braise the pork in its decade old soup for hours and let it sit overnight, making the meat more tender. Such tenderly cooked meat is what lends this dish the nickname “lao han xi” in Xianyang. That's because the best roujiamo meat is so soft that it should melt in your mouth without having to chew it — imagining the elderly customers in question, without a perfect set of teeth.
It's also worth noting that like most types of regional Chinese food, roujiamo varies depending on the city and community. Buns come baked or pan fried, and for the meat, Muslim communities in Shaanxi often use beef, while people in Ningxia usually choose lamb.
1．What is TRUE about roujiamo
A．A soft but chewy bun with meat.
B．A pork bun with a history less than 2,000 years.
C．A kind of food ordered at Burger King.
D．A typical burger originating in Shaanxi Province.
2．What is the main factor that makes roujiamo amazing
A．A sea of fierce competition.
B．The softness of the meat.
C．The soup used to braise the meat.
D．Its exclusive heritage recipes.
3．What does the nickname “lao han xi” suggest in paragraph 3
A．The decade old soup is so attractive that the old feel like bathing in it.
B．The meat gets soft and is friendly for the old to eat, making them happy.
C．The meat turns tough after being braised in its decade old soup for hours.
D．The meat melts in the mouth of the old, who sigh for not tasting it successfully.
4．What are the tones of the passage
A．Humorous and affectionate.
B．Ridiculous and religious.
C．Serious but affectionate.
D．Humorous but ridiculous.
Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，并根据汉语提示填空
I was criticised by Miss Wu yesterday because I ①______________ (上学迟到了). Actually, it was the first time that I ②________________________ (被吴老师批评), so I was very upset. My clock didn't ring at 7：00 because it ③________________________________ (被我的弟弟弄坏了). In fact, I got up at 7：40 yesterday morning. What's worse, I found that my bike ④________________________ (被人偷了) when I went downstairs. Finally I ⑤____________________ (决定乘坐公共汽车) to school. But when I got to the bus station, I found that my wallet ⑥____________________ (落在家里了). Therefore, I had to get off halfway through. I ⑦________________________ (除了跑别无选择). When I arrived at the school gate, the bell ⑧________________ (已经响了). What a terrible day!
Ⅲ.语法填空
This morning I took breakfast out to a friend and her family. They are going through a __1__ (challenge) time and must move out of the home they __2__ (love) and lived in for 30 years. Many other friends and many extended family __3__ (member) were coming __4__ (clean) out all the kitchen cabinets, clear closets, help pack boxes, fill bags for donating, paint bedrooms, do yard work, etc. __5__ (hopeful), with this one last push, their home will be ready to sell. Though they have a new place all lined up, leaving this one is very bitter sweet.
I knew many would be hungry by mid morning __6__ I arrived with lots of breakfast burritos, fresh fruit, and glazed carrot cake nut bread (some sliced for today and a few loaves to put in the freezer of their new home). I was glad I __7__ (prepare) a fair amount of food as more folks showed up than they had expected. But everyone had __8__ job and all were busy. __9__ so many of us working together, we helped __10__ (light) this family's load in so many ways. So grateful for this opportunity.
Ⅳ.根据要求完成下面写作
假定你是李华，你的笔友Simon请你为他和家人的中国之旅推荐一道特色美食，内容包括：
1．美食简介； 2.推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
根据汉语提示补全习作：
Dear Simon，
①____________________________________________________________ (很荣幸能把我最喜欢的“臭豆腐”推荐给你). I'll give you a detailed description of it.
Of all the foods ②________________________ (我尝试过的), stinky tofu is my favorite.It is blackish or golden brown. As the name suggests, the smell is terrible but surprisingly, ③________________________________ (味道实际上相当温和). It ④________________ (尝起来像炸豆腐) with more of a little sweetness and the sauce ⑤________________________________ (使它尝起来更美味). Deep fried stinky tofu is firm on the outside but soft and juicy on the inside. Now I can tell the differences between various versions of it and like all of their unique flavors as well as their distinctive smells.
To sum up，⑥__________________________________________ (我相信你一定会尽情享受臭豆腐) and not miss it.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
UNIT 3 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
1．选A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork”可知，肉夹馍是夹带肉且有嚼劲的饼。
2．选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，是比有些顾客年纪还大的炖肉的老汤使人们对肉夹馍感到震惊。
3．选B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，肉夹馍之所以得名“老汉喜”，是因为肉不需要咀嚼，很适合牙口不好的老年人。
4．选A 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是从第二段第一句中的“show their respect for the pork”以及“which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them”可以看出，文章用词幽默，且字里行间透露出作者对这种传统美食的喜爱之情。
Ⅱ.①was late for school ②had been criticised by Miss Wu
③had been broken by my little brother
④had been stolen by someone ⑤decided to take a bus
⑥had been left at home ⑦had no choice but to run
⑧had rung
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：文章讲述了作者给自己的一个朋友以及她的家人们带去丰盛的早餐并与其他朋友一起为他们提供帮助，给她的家庭减轻了很多负担。
1．challenging 考查形容词。此处修饰名词time应用形容词challenging。
2．have loved 考查时态和主谓一致。根据下文中的“for 30 years”可知，应用现在完成时；主语为they，应用have loved。
3．members 考查名词复数。根据上文中的“many extended family”可知，应用名词复数members。
4．to clean 考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，应用to clean。
5．Hopefully 考查副词。此处为副词作状语，应用Hopefully。
6．so 考查连词。根据语境可知，前后是因果关系，应填连词so。
7．had prepared 考查时态。根据主句中的“I was glad”可知，此处时态应用过去完成时。
8．a 考查冠词。这里泛指一份工作，应用不定冠词。故填a。
9．With 考查介词。此处是with复合结构，且位于句首，首字母应大写。
10．lighten 考查动词。此处应用动词lighten，表示“帮助这个家庭减轻负担”。
Ⅳ.①It is a great honor for me to recommend my favorite “Stinky Tofu” to you ②I have ever tried
③the taste is actually quite mild ④tastes like fried tofu
⑤makes it taste even more delicious
⑥I believe you will enjoy stinky tofu to the fullest
