把握单元素养目标
主题意识 本单元主题围绕“健康生活方式”展开，探讨如何养成良好的生活习惯、保持身心健康、提高幸福感，以及如何解决生活方式上存在的问题，培养积极向上的心态。
语法项目 能理解动词不定式作主语的功能和意义，并能结合语境正确运用动词不定式进行表达。
语言输入 听 能听懂“谈论健康生活方式”的对话或独白，能区分事实和观点。
读 能读懂有关习惯的说明文和两封改变不健康生活方式的读者来信。理解习惯形成的原因，以及如何运用习惯循环原理改变不良习惯、培养健康习惯。
看 能看懂健康生活方式的图片和视频，感受其给年轻人带来的魅力和价值。
语言输出 写 能用英语给编辑写一封信，叙述自己想要改变的一种生活方式。
说 能够礼貌得体地接受意见、建议，或委婉拒绝别人的建议。
Section Ⅰ “Reading and Thinking”的课文习读环节
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.理清文脉结构
Ⅱ.把握主旨大意
What does the author write this passage for？( )
A．To share a psychological story.
B．To tell some ways of dealing with bad habits.
C．To give a definition of healthy lifestyle.
D．To illustrate some ways of studying better.
文意深度理解
(一)阅读理解
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph？( )
A．How teenagers form their bad habits.
B．What bad habits teenagers usually have.
C．Why bad habits should be changed.
D．How teenagers change their bad habits.
[Tip]
利用核心词归纳段意
如果段落没有主旨句，就可以利用该段中出现次数较多的核心词来归纳段落大意。如第一段中“bad habits”出现了四次(含harmful habits), 那该词就属于核心词。本段中第二、三句指出“部分青少年容易形成坏习惯，如果不改变，成年后就会导致更严重的坏习惯”。接着，本段举例说明青少年受到的坏习惯的影响。最后段尾又提出青少年必须改变坏习惯。综合来看，本段主要说的是为何要改变坏习惯。
2．Why does the author quote Aristotle's words？( )
A．To show changing bad habits is never easy.
B．To imply we always repeat useless things.
C．To tell our life is only in the control of ourselves.
D．To warn us to get ready for the difficulties.
3．Which of the following is considered as “reward”？( )
A．You take a walk around the school in the morning.
B．You find yourself excited after a talk with your friend.
C．You decide to borrow two books from the city library.
D．You're willing to volunteer in your community this weekend.
4．How can we change bad habits？( )
A．To eat more snacks.
B．To adapt to our bad habits.
C．To create more negative ideas.
D．To try to form a positive routine.
5．What attitude does the author take to changing bad habits？( )
A．Objective. B．Pessimistic.
C．Positive. D．Skeptical.
(二)阅读表达
1．What important message have you learnt from this text
2．Will you use the habit cycle to break your bad habits Why or why not
读文技法
借助文章结构，理解问题解决型说明文
本文属于问题解决型说明文。此类说明文常会按照“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题—总结”的脉络行文。本文行文如下：第一部分(第一段)，提出问题：在这一时期，一部分青少年容易养成不良习惯。他们必须早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变；第二部分(第二段和第三段)，分析问题：分析了习惯的形成及运作原理，为解决问题提供理论基础和依据；第三部分(第四段和第五段)，解决问题：提出了解决问题的方法；第四部分(第六段)，总结全文：勉励青少年不要急躁，要不懈努力，才能养成良好习惯，亲手打造自己健康快乐的未来。阅读时要利用好问题解决型说明文的结构特征，抓住段落关键内容并结合举例、列举等写作手法，归纳段落大意，概括文章大意。
(一)赏用词之妙
1．For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
赏析：be/become involved in意为“涉及；参加”，强调青少年可能会沉溺于烟酒而不能自拔。lead to意为“导致”，说明沉溺于烟酒导致严重的后果。
2．To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential.
赏析：prevent ... from意为“阻止”，告诉青少年要避免一些不良的习惯。dominate意为“支配”，说明恶习的严重后果。essential意为“必要的”，说明戒掉坏习惯的重要性。
①(单句语法填空) I will try to make it known to every teacher and more students __________ (involve) in the activities organized by the club.
②(单句语法填空) If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them from __________ (turn) brown.
③(完成句子) Eating too much ice cream may ________________________.
吃太多冰淇淋可能会导致胃病。
④(完成句子) Participating in the arts __________________ for child development.
参加艺术活动对孩子的发展是极其重要的。
(二)赏句式之高
1．These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
赏析：if left unchecked用得简练、形象又恰到好处，此处为if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。
2．The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
赏析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导的是表语从句，点明了好消息的内容。if we ... work是条件状语从句，表明了我们改变习惯的条件。
①(完成句子)The problem ____________________________ the uniforms are very ugly.
问题是我所有的同学都认为校服很不好看。
②(句型转换)When we were led out of the forest, Steve and I repeatedly stammered our heartfelt thanks to him. (用省略句改写)
→__________________， Steve and I repeatedly stammered our heartfelt thanks to him.
(三)赏修辞之功
As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
赏析：本句使用了“引用”修辞。引用是指在说话或写作中引用现成的话，如诗句、格言、成语等，以表达自己思想感情的修辞方法。这里作者通过引用哲学家老子的名言，增强了说服力。
①As an old saying goes, “______________________________________________.”
正如俗话所说，“态度决定一切。”
②As Confucius said, “____________________________________ from afar.”
正如孔子所说，“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”
(四)赏逻辑之巧
Firstly, there is a “cue”， ... Secondly, there is a “routine”， ... Thirdly, there is the “reward”， ...
赏析：以上三句是平行句，是并列关系。这三句以表示顺序的三个副词“firstly, secondly, thirdly”开头，逻辑清晰地说明了什么是“habit cycle”。这种说明方法常用于解决问题或说明事理的说明文中，或者用在议论文中列举论据、观点或事实等。
首先，你应该保持冷静。其次，你可以和你的父母谈谈。第三，你应该打电话给你的朋友，向他/她道歉。
习惯的力量是强大的。日常生活中，我们一旦养成某种习惯，它就能左右我们的生活。好习惯能让人们的工作、学习和生活充满成功的希望，而坏习惯则可能让人深受其害而不能自拔。然而，习惯是可以控制和改变的。认识不良生活习惯的危害，改变坏习惯，养成好习惯，可以为未来的幸福生活奠定坚实的基础。
4 Ways to Get Rid of Habits that Are Holding Your Life Back
Everyone has some bad habits that they would like to break free from. Bad habits act as barriers that hinder a person from making any progress in life.
They can hurt a person — both mentally and physically. For most of us, these habits are so deeply rooted that it becomes hard to even notice them. The first thing that you need to understand is that it's not your fault; it's the way our brains are wired. habit, the brain is secretly working to ruin any efforts they make to break free from them. Your brain loves routine, and it tries its best to make sure that you don't change your routine.
But, there are 4 ways to make sure you can break free from bad habits and adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Adopt a New Habit
If you want to get rid of a bad habit, you need to replace it with something else. So, in order to break free from it, you have to pave a new path for your brain. Anything that is done in excess can be termed as a bad habit. If you watch too much television, you can replace it with a healthy habit such as reading a book or exercising. planning to do for a long time. Maybe you can start working on a dream project you have been delaying for so long, or you can take a holiday that you have been desperately wanting. Anything that offers a change in schedule can be very beneficial for you.
Get Proper Help
A lot of times, people who are suffering from bad habits, like to deal with everything themselves. They often forget that they have friends and family who can offer them support. Moreover, there are a lot of professional therapists who offer their support. For example, if you are suffering from tobacco or alcohol problems, you can get help from ARC Rehab Centre. Rehabilitation centers like these can help people recover at a faster and better rate so that you can finally have the life that you want to have.
Cut Our Triggers from Your Life
Triggers are anything that causes you to engage in your bad habit. For example, if you smoke or drink alcohol around certain people, you should cut off all ties with them for your own good. When a person is dealing with a bad habit, the environment he surrounds himself with is one of the greatest driving factors that either help him or make it harder for him to leave bad habits. You can also pair up with a person who makes it easier for you to give up on your bad habit and act as your motivator.
Set Futuristic Goals
You should imagine a future that involves a life without your bad habit. Whatever the habit you become when you get rid of it. Think of all the mistakes you have made, relationships that turned sideways, or all the opportunities you failed to acclaim just because of your bad habits. By setting goals for the future, you can motivate yourself and adopt a lifestyle that helps you achieve those goals.
滴水穿石
1．由文积词汇
hold ... back 阻碍；妨碍
hinder v. 妨碍；阻碍
in excess 过多地；过度地
be termed as 被称为
therapist n. 治疗专家
rehabilitation n. 康复
trigger n. 触发物
for one's own good 为了某人的利益
futuristic adj. 极其现代的；幻想未来的
visualize v. 想象
2．据文悟句式
句① when引导时间状语从句；主句中包含一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰any efforts。
句② it作形式主语，其中that引导定语从句，修饰something。
句③ whatever引导的是让步状语从句；主句中包含一个how引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。
Section Ⅰ
NO.1 精阅读
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.①bad habits ②choices ③To facilitate ④to adapt
⑤suddenly ⑥decide on
Ⅱ.B
文意深度理解
(一)1～5 CABDC
(二)1.The “habit cycle”， a great way of forming or getting rid of a habit.
2．Yes, I will. Because the habit cycle combined with positive ideas is really a good way of ridding bad habits or developing good habits. According to the way, for example, one must first find what the bad habit is, and then change it into something more positive as a routine, and last one can get “reward” from the routine.
NO.2 美表达
(一)①involved ②turning ③lead to stomach problems
④is essential
(二)①is that all my classmates think
②When led out of the forest
(三)①Attitude decides everything
②It is always a pleasure to greet a friend
(四)Firstly, you should keep calm. Secondly, you can talk to your parents. Thirdly, you should call your friend up and say sorry to him/her.
1 / 7(共69张PPT)
把握单元 素养目标
主题意识 本单元主题围绕“健康生活方式”展开，探讨如何养成良好的生活习惯、保持身心健康、提高幸福感，以及如何解决生活方式上存在的问题，培养积极向上的心态。
语法项目 能理解动词不定式作主语的功能和意义，并能结合语境正确运用动词不定式进行表达。
续表
语言输入 听 能听懂“谈论健康生活方式”的对话或独白，能区分事实和观点。
读 能读懂有关习惯的说明文和两封改变不健康生活方式的读者来信。理解习惯形成的原因，以及如何运用习惯循环原理改变不良习惯、培养健康习惯。
看 能看懂健康生活方式的图片和视频，感受其给年轻人带来的魅力和价值。
续表
语言输出 写 能用英语给编辑写一封信，叙述自己想要改变的一种生活方式。
说 能够礼貌得体地接受意见、建议，或委婉拒绝别人的建议。
Section Ⅰ
“Reading and Thinking”的课文习读环节
NO 1
精阅读/提升阅读“理解力”
NO 2
美表达/强化写作“基本功”
NO 3
慧人生/以文化人“增才情”
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
No.1 精阅读/提升阅读“理解力”
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.理清文脉结构
bad habits
choices
To facilitate
to adapt
suddenly
decide on
√
Ⅱ.把握主旨大意
What does the author write this passage for
A．To share a psychological story.
B．To tell some ways of dealing with bad habits.
C．To give a definition of healthy lifestyle.
D．To illustrate some ways of studying better.
文意深度理解
(一)阅读理解
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph
A．How teenagers form their bad habits.
B．What bad habits teenagers usually have.
C．Why bad habits should be changed.
D．How teenagers change their bad habits.
√
[Tip]
利用核心词归纳段意
如果段落没有主旨句，就可以利用该段中出现次数较多的核心词来归纳段落大意。如第一段中“bad habits”出现了四次(含harmful habits), 那该词就属于核心词。本段中第二、三句指出“部分青少年容易形成坏习惯，如果不改变，成年后就会导致更严重的坏习惯”。接着，本段举例说明青少年受到的坏习惯的影响。最后段尾又提出青少年必须改变坏习惯。综合来看，本段主要说的是为何要改变坏习惯。
2．Why does the author quote Aristotle's words
A．To show changing bad habits is never easy.
B．To imply we always repeat useless things.
C．To tell our life is only in the control of ourselves.
D．To warn us to get ready for the difficulties.
√
3．Which of the following is considered as “reward”？
A．You take a walk around the school in the morning.
B．You find yourself excited after a talk with your friend.
C．You decide to borrow two books from the city library.
D．You're willing to volunteer in your community this weekend.
√
4．How can we change bad habits
A．To eat more snacks.
B．To adapt to our bad habits.
C．To create more negative ideas.
D．To try to form a positive routine.
√
5．What attitude does the author take to changing bad habits
A．Objective. B．Pessimistic.
C．Positive. D．Skeptical.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What important message have you learnt from this text
The “habit cycle”， a great way of forming or getting rid of a habit.
2．Will you use the habit cycle to break your bad habits Why or why not
Yes, I will. Because the habit cycle combined with positive ideas is really a good way of ridding bad habits or developing good habits. According to the way, for example, one must first find what the bad habit is, and then change it into something more positive as a routine, and last one can get “reward” from the routine.
内化读文技法
借助文章结构，理解问题解决型说明文
本文属于问题解决型说明文。此类说明文常会按照“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题—总结”的脉络行文。本文行文如下：第一部分(第一段)，提出问题：在这一时期，一部分青少年容易养成不良习惯。他们必须早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变；第二部分(第二段和第三段)，分析问题：分析了习惯的形成及运作原理，为解决问题提供理论基础和依据；
第三部分(第四段和第五段)，解决问题：提出了解决问题的方法；第四部分(第六段)，总结全文：勉励青少年不要急躁，要不懈努力，才能养成良好习惯，亲手打造自己健康快乐的未来。阅读时要利用好问题解决型说明文的结构特征，抓住段落关键内容并结合举例、列举等写作手法，归纳段落大意，概括文章大意。
(一)赏用词之妙
1．For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
赏析：be/become involved in意为“涉及；参加”，强调青少年可能会沉溺于烟酒而不能自拔。lead to意为“导致”，说明沉溺于烟酒导致严重的后果。
No.2 美表达/强化写作“基本功”
2．To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential.
赏析：prevent ... from意为“阻止”，告诉青少年要避免一些不良的习惯。dominate意为“支配”，说明恶习的严重后果。essential意为“必要的”，说明戒掉坏习惯的重要性。
仿写训练
①(单句语法填空) I will try to make it known to every teacher and more students (involve) in the activities organized by the club.
②(单句语法填空) If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them from (turn) brown.
involved
turning
③(完成句子) Eating too much ice cream may_________________ __________.
吃太多冰淇淋可能会导致胃病。
④(完成句子) Participating in the arts for child development.
参加艺术活动对孩子的发展是极其重要的。
lead to stomach
is essential
problems
(二)赏句式之高
1．These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
赏析：if left unchecked用得简练、形象又恰到好处，此处为if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。
2．The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
赏析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导的是表语从句，点明了好消息的内容。if we ... work是条件状语从句，表明了我们改变习惯的条件。
仿写训练
①(完成句子)The problem the uniforms are very ugly.
问题是我所有的同学都认为校服很不好看。
②(句型转换)When we were led out of the forest, Steve and I repeatedly stammered our heartfelt thanks to him. (用省略句改写)
→ , Steve and I repeatedly stammered our heartfelt thanks to him.
is that all my classmates think
When led out of the forest
(三)赏修辞之功
As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
赏析：本句使用了“引用”修辞。引用是指在说话或写作中引用现成的话，如诗句、格言、成语等，以表达自己思想感情的修辞方法。这里作者通过引用哲学家老子的名言，增强了说服力。
仿写训练/完成句子
①As an old saying goes, “ .”
正如俗话所说，“态度决定一切。”
②As Confucius said, “___________________________________ from afar.”
正如孔子所说，“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”
Attitude decides everything
It is always a pleasure to greet a friend
(四)赏逻辑之巧
Firstly, there is a “cue”， ... Secondly, there is a “routine”， ... Thirdly, there is the “reward”， ...
赏析：以上三句是平行句，是并列关系。这三句以表示顺序的三个副词“firstly, secondly, thirdly”开头，逻辑清晰地说明了什么是“habit cycle”。这种说明方法常用于解决问题或说明事理的说明文中，或者用在议论文中列举论据、观点或事实等。
仿写训练/翻译语段
首先，你应该保持冷静。其次，你可以和你的父母谈谈。第三，你应该打电话给你的朋友，向他/她道歉。
Firstly, you should keep calm. Secondly, you can talk to your parents. Thirdly, you should call your friend up and say sorry to him/her.
习惯的力量是强大的。日常生活中，我们一旦养成某种习惯，它就能左右我们的生活。好习惯能让人们的工作、学习和生活充满成功的希望，而坏习惯则可能让人深受其害而不能自拔。然而，习惯是可以控制和改变的。认识不良生活习惯的危害，改变坏习惯，养成好习惯，可以为未来的幸福生活奠定坚实的基础。
No.3 慧人生/以文化人“增才情”
4 Ways to Get Rid of Habits that Are Holding Your Life Back
Everyone has some bad habits that they would like to break free from. Bad habits act as barriers that hinder a person from making any progress in life.
But, there are 4 ways to make sure you can break free from bad habits and adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Adopt a New Habit
If you want to get rid of a bad habit, you need to replace it with something else. So, in order to break free from it, you have to pave a new path for your brain. Anything that is done in excess can be termed as a bad habit. If you watch too much television, you can replace it with a healthy habit such as reading a book or exercising.
Get Proper Help
A lot of times, people who are suffering from bad habits, like to deal with everything themselves. They often forget that they have friends and family who can offer them support. Moreover, there are a lot of professional therapists who offer their support. For example, if you are suffering from tobacco or alcohol problems, you can get help from ARC Rehab Centre. Rehabilitation centers like these can help people recover at a faster and better rate so that you can finally have the life that you want to have.
Cut Our Triggers from Your Life
Triggers are anything that causes you to engage in your bad habit. For example, if you smoke or drink alcohol around certain people, you should cut off all ties with them for your own good. When a person is dealing with a bad habit, the environment he surrounds himself with is one of the greatest driving factors that either help him or make it harder for him to leave bad habits. You can also pair up with a person who makes it easier for you to give up on your bad habit and act as your motivator.
滴水穿石
1．由文积词汇
hold ... back 阻碍；妨碍
hinder v. 妨碍；阻碍
in excess 过多地；过度地
be termed as 被称为
therapist n. 治疗专家
rehabilitation n. 康复
trigger n. 触发物
for one's own good 为了某人的利益
futuristic adj. 极其现代的；幻想未来的
visualize v. 想象
2．据文悟句式
句① when引导时间状语从句；主句中包含一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰any efforts。
句② it作形式主语，其中that引导定语从句，修饰something。
句③ whatever引导的是让步状语从句；主句中包含一个how引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Orla Walsh was not exactly an example of good health. Back in 2014, the 25-year-old then was fully occupied with her work and graduate study in Dublin, mostly eating on the go. “I was feeding on quick, easy food like sandwiches，” she said. “I stayed up a lot and the gym was a foreign concept for me for I did not work out at all.”
No.4 课时跟踪检测
That changed the following year when Walsh needed a convenient, reliable and budget-friendly way to get to and from class. “Driving was expensive, and public transportation in the Irish capital left much to be desired，” she said. She turned instead to cycling.
At first, Walsh was doubtful. “I didn't want to wear the same suits like other riders because it looked strange for me，” she joked. But as soon as she gave it a go, she was spellbound. The six miles she had to cover on her commute (通勤) each way didn't seem like so much. “I can't believe how quick and easy that was，” Walsh said. “The more I cycled, the easier it got, and I started getting faster. I think what I enjoyed the most was the freedom the bike gave me.”
In early 2016, she took the next step and joined a local cycling club, where she took part in long group rides. But something incredible was happening at the same time. As her weekly mileage (里程数) increased, her unhealthy habits fell by the wayside. She cleaned up her diet and cut back on burning the midnight oil. “I gradually got rid of that bad habit after joining in training，” she said.
Then, thanks to the encouragement of other club members, she tried open road racing. At first, she was overwhelmed by the competition, getting dropped by other members on every climb. Yet she kept pushing and viewing the failures as learning experience. “I was enjoying the challenges and was more confident，” she said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Orla Walsh由于公共交通工具的不便慢慢爱上了骑行，并且坚持骑行下去的故事。
1．Which of the following can best describe Walsh's lifestyle in 2014
A．Simple. B．Decent.
C．Fashionable. D．Unhealthy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Back in 2014 ... at all.”可知，Walsh在2014年的生活方式是不健康的。故选D。
√
2．What made Walsh turn to cycling
A．Poor means of transportation.
B．Her wish to break bad habits.
C．Her curiosity about cycling.
D．Club members' encouragement.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，糟糕的交通方式使Walsh转向骑自行车。故选A。
√
3．What does the underlined word “spellbound” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Threatened. B．Bored.
C．Fascinated. D．Embarrassed.
解析：词义猜测题。根据下文“The six miles ... gave me.”可知，她一尝试骑行，就被迷住了。spellbound意为“着迷的”，与C项Fascinated意思接近。故选C。
√
4．How did cycling benefit Walsh
A．By inspiring her to realize her dream.
B．By teaching her to brave challenges.
C．By encouraging her to be competitive.
D．By pushing her to connect with others.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“At first ... ‘I was ... confident，’ she said.”可知，骑行教会了她要勇敢面对挑战。故选B。
√
B
We all have habits we'd like to break, whether it's biting your fingernails, or eating late at night. But why are these habits so hard to break
Our brain seeks to minimize effort and space, and this kind of automatic brain behavior is referred to as “chunking”. Chunking aids in creating a new habit pattern in cells of the brain. It's like a task you do every day that you no longer really have to think about.
This process is a three-step loop. Step 1 is the cue. Step 2 is the routine. And Step 3 is the reward. The cue and reward eventually intertwine (交织), creating anticipation and cravings (渴望), another essential part of habits. Because we go into an automatic mode during routines, our brains stop fully participating in decision-making. Our habits will automatically unfold every time there is a cue.
So, how to break the habits, like biting your nails Psychologists suggest that first you think about when you bite your nails. Are you nervous or bored In the case of boredom, nail-biting offers a “physical stimulation”. So next, mark down every time you feel bored and have the compulsion to bite your nails. But then you want to make a “competing response”. Whenever you feel the desire to bite, you immediately put your hands in your pockets. Next, find a substitute (替代品) that provides a quick physical stimulation, like knocking your fingers slightly on the desk. This allows for one habit to be replaced by another with a similar reward but also uses the same cue.
So when you are ready to take on a bad habit, just remember, figure out what your body is actually craving, use the same cue and the reward that serves the correct purpose, and be patient to help build that new habit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么很难改掉坏习惯以及如何改掉坏习惯。
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why skills are hard to master.
B．Why habits are difficult to break.
C．How the brain minimizes effort and space.
D．How cells help form chunking in our brain.
√
解析：段落大意题。第一段末句“But why are these habits so hard to break？”提出一个问题：为什么这些习惯很难改掉呢？根据第二段的内容可知，本段是回答上文问题，解释为什么习惯很难改掉。故选B。
6．Why is the habit of biting nails mentioned
A．To prove it is a bad habit.
B．To show how a habit is formed.
C．To state psychologists' opinion.
D．To explain how to give up a habit.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“So, how to break the habits ...nails.”和“So next, mark down every time you feel bored ...”以及“Next, find ... desk.”可知，本段以咬指甲的习惯为例解释如何改掉一个习惯。故选D。
√
7．What does the underlined “compulsion” mean in paragraph 4
A．Opportunity. B．Ambition.
C．Desire. D．Responsibility.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“But then ... pockets.”可知，画线词和下文中desire同义，指“渴望；欲望”。故选C。
√
8．What is the trick of quitting a bad habit
A．Finding a substitute stimulation.
B．Making full use of the brain.
C．Figuring out the reward.
D．Serving the correct purpose.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Next, find ... desk.”和最后一段的内容可知，改掉坏习惯的诀窍是寻找替代刺激。故选A。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Simple Health Habits Worth Adopting
Into Your Life
We get it that it's hard to break bad habits. But when it comes to building healthy habits, small decisions add up over time.
Use stairs. If you have stairs at your home or office, take them every chance you get. 9 For a strong cardio (有氧) workout, you can walk up and down the stairs repeatedly. Start with a limited number of repetitions and then increase them as you feel stronger.
Drink one extra glass of water a day. It's nothing new that there are health benefits to drinking more water. 10 If plain water isn't your favorite, you can add flavor to your water to help up your intake.
Correct your posture. When you were a kid, have your parents ever yelled at you for having bad posture Well, the bad news is that they were right. 11 Not only that, but good posture prevents backache. You can try to leave yourself a note to sit up straight until it becomes an unconscious habit. Walking with your shoulders back and head held high can also make you feel good about yourself.
12 Solid sleep doesn't just give you more energy, it can also help with healthy eating goals. If you have difficulty falling asleep, try to head to bed thirty minutes earlier than your usual time. Wind down with a book. You'll be falling asleep in no time.
Remember that building new healthy habits can take some time and it's OK to treat yourself to avoid feeling deprived (剥夺). Stay focused on your goal. 13
A．However, don't stop there.
B．Change your bad sleep habits.
C．Go to bed half an hour earlier.
D．Having good posture can help reduce stress.
E．It helps keep your temperature normal and gets rid of wastes.
F．But we ignored their warning to correct bad posture.
G．If you slip along the way, just start again.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些在生活中要养成的好习惯，比如爬楼梯、多喝水以及早点休息等。
9．选A 上文“Use stairs ... you get.”和下文“For a strong ... repeatedly.”建议找机会爬楼梯进行锻炼，并且可以反复爬楼。选项A承上启下，转折上文语义，表示“只是有机会爬楼梯还不够，需要反复上下楼”。
10．选E 上文“It's nothing new ... water.”说明多喝水有益于健康，选项E承接上文，和上文存在因果关系。选项中It指drinking more water。
11．选D 下文“Not only that ... backache.”描述良好的姿势的另一益处，选项D引起下文，说明保持良好姿势的益处。选项中good posture和下文词汇重叠，语义一致，故选D项。
12．选C 下文“Solid sleep ... time.”说明睡眠的好处并建议人们提前半小时上床睡觉，选项C能概括本段主题。
13．选G 上文“Stay focused on your goal. ”强调专注于自己的目标，选项G承接上文，表示一旦失败，就重新开始。UNIT 2 课时检测(一) “Reading and Thinking”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Orla Walsh was not exactly an example of good health. Back in 2014, the 25 year old then was fully occupied with her work and graduate study in Dublin, mostly eating on the go. “I was feeding on quick, easy food like sandwiches，” she said. “I stayed up a lot and the gym was a foreign concept for me for I did not work out at all.”
That changed the following year when Walsh needed a convenient, reliable and budget friendly way to get to and from class. “Driving was expensive, and public transportation in the Irish capital left much to be desired，” she said. She turned instead to cycling.
At first, Walsh was doubtful. “I didn't want to wear the same suits like other riders because it looked strange for me，” she joked. But as soon as she gave it a go, she was spellbound. The six miles she had to cover on her commute (通勤) each way didn't seem like so much. “I can't believe how quick and easy that was，” Walsh said. “The more I cycled, the easier it got, and I started getting faster. I think what I enjoyed the most was the freedom the bike gave me.”
In early 2016, she took the next step and joined a local cycling club, where she took part in long group rides. But something incredible was happening at the same time. As her weekly mileage (里程数) increased, her unhealthy habits fell by the wayside. She cleaned up her diet and cut back on burning the midnight oil. “I gradually got rid of that bad habit after joining in training，” she said.
Then, thanks to the encouragement of other club members, she tried open road racing. At first, she was overwhelmed by the competition, getting dropped by other members on every climb. Yet she kept pushing and viewing the failures as learning experience. “I was enjoying the challenges and was more confident，” she said.
1．Which of the following can best describe Walsh's lifestyle in 2014
A．Simple. B．Decent.
C．Fashionable. D．Unhealthy.
2．What made Walsh turn to cycling
A．Poor means of transportation.
B．Her wish to break bad habits.
C．Her curiosity about cycling.
D．Club members' encouragement.
3．What does the underlined word “spellbound” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Threatened. B．Bored.
C．Fascinated. D．Embarrassed.
4．How did cycling benefit Walsh
A．By inspiring her to realize her dream.
B．By teaching her to brave challenges.
C．By encouraging her to be competitive.
D．By pushing her to connect with others.
B
We all have habits we'd like to break, whether it's biting your fingernails, or eating late at night. But why are these habits so hard to break
Our brain seeks to minimize effort and space, and this kind of automatic brain behavior is referred to as “chunking”. Chunking aids in creating a new habit pattern in cells of the brain. It's like a task you do every day that you no longer really have to think about.
This process is a three step loop. Step 1 is the cue. Step 2 is the routine. And Step 3 is the reward. The cue and reward eventually intertwine (交织), creating anticipation and cravings (渴望), another essential part of habits. Because we go into an automatic mode during routines, our brains stop fully participating in decision making. Our habits will automatically unfold every time there is a cue.
So, how to break the habits, like biting your nails Psychologists suggest that first you think about when you bite your nails. Are you nervous or bored In the case of boredom, nail biting offers a “physical stimulation”. So next, mark down every time you feel bored and have the compulsion to bite your nails. But then you want to make a “competing response”. Whenever you feel the desire to bite, you immediately put your hands in your pockets. Next, find a substitute (替代品) that provides a quick physical stimulation, like knocking your fingers slightly on the desk. This allows for one habit to be replaced by another with a similar reward but also uses the same cue.
So when you are ready to take on a bad habit, just remember, figure out what your body is actually craving, use the same cue and the reward that serves the correct purpose, and be patient to help build that new habit.
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why skills are hard to master.
B．Why habits are difficult to break.
C．How the brain minimizes effort and space.
D．How cells help form chunking in our brain.
6．Why is the habit of biting nails mentioned
A．To prove it is a bad habit.
B．To show how a habit is formed.
C．To state psychologists' opinion.
D．To explain how to give up a habit.
7．What does the underlined “compulsion” mean in paragraph 4
A．Opportunity. B．Ambition.
C．Desire. D．Responsibility.
8．What is the trick of quitting a bad habit
A．Finding a substitute stimulation.
B．Making full use of the brain.
C．Figuring out the reward.
D．Serving the correct purpose.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Simple Health Habits Worth Adopting
Into Your Life
We get it that it's hard to break bad habits. But when it comes to building healthy habits, small decisions add up over time.
Use stairs. If you have stairs at your home or office, take them every chance you get. __9__ For a strong cardio (有氧) workout, you can walk up and down the stairs repeatedly. Start with a limited number of repetitions and then increase them as you feel stronger.
Drink one extra glass of water a day. It's nothing new that there are health benefits to drinking more water. __10__ If plain water isn't your favorite, you can add flavor to your water to help up your intake.
Correct your posture. When you were a kid, have your parents ever yelled at you for having bad posture Well, the bad news is that they were right. __11__ Not only that, but good posture prevents backache. You can try to leave yourself a note to sit up straight until it becomes an unconscious habit. Walking with your shoulders back and head held high can also make you feel good about yourself.
__12__ Solid sleep doesn't just give you more energy, it can also help with healthy eating goals. If you have difficulty falling asleep, try to head to bed thirty minutes earlier than your usual time. Wind down with a book. You'll be falling asleep in no time.
Remember that building new healthy habits can take some time and it's OK to treat yourself to avoid feeling deprived (剥夺). Stay focused on your goal.__13__
A．However, don't stop there.
B．Change your bad sleep habits.
C．Go to bed half an hour earlier.
D．Having good posture can help reduce stress.
E．It helps keep your temperature normal and gets rid of wastes.
F．But we ignored their warning to correct bad posture.
G．If you slip along the way, just start again.
UNIT 2 课时检测(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Orla Walsh由于公共交通工具的不便慢慢爱上了骑行，并且坚持骑行下去的故事。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Back in 2014 ... at all.”可知，Walsh在2014年的生活方式是不健康的。故选D。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，糟糕的交通方式使Walsh转向骑自行车。故选A。
3．选C 词义猜测题。根据下文“The six miles ... gave me.”可知，她一尝试骑行，就被迷住了。spellbound意为“着迷的”，与C项Fascinated意思接近。故选C。
4．选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At first ... ‘I was ... confident，’ she said.”可知，骑行教会了她要勇敢面对挑战。故选B。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么很难改掉坏习惯以及如何改掉坏习惯。
5．选B 段落大意题。第一段末句“But why are these habits so hard to break？”提出一个问题：为什么这些习惯很难改掉呢？根据第二段的内容可知，本段是回答上文问题，解释为什么习惯很难改掉。故选B。
6．选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“So, how to break the habits ...nails.”和“So next, mark down every time you feel bored ...”以及“Next, find ... desk.”可知，本段以咬指甲的习惯为例解释如何改掉一个习惯。故选D。
7．选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“But then ... pockets.”可知，画线词和下文中desire同义，指“渴望；欲望”。故选C。
8．选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Next, find ... desk.”和最后一段的内容可知，改掉坏习惯的诀窍是寻找替代刺激。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些在生活中要养成的好习惯，比如爬楼梯、多喝水以及早点休息等。
9．选A 上文“Use stairs ... you get.”和下文“For a strong ... repeatedly.”建议找机会爬楼梯进行锻炼，并且可以反复爬楼。选项A承上启下，转折上文语义，表示“只是有机会爬楼梯还不够，需要反复上下楼”。
10．选E 上文“It's nothing new ... water.”说明多喝水有益于健康，选项E承接上文，和上文存在因果关系。选项中It指drinking more water。
11．选D 下文“Not only that ... backache.”描述良好的姿势的另一益处，选项D引起下文，说明保持良好姿势的益处。选项中good posture和下文词汇重叠，语义一致，故选D项。
12．选C 下文“Solid sleep ... time.”说明睡眠的好处并建议人们提前半小时上床睡觉，选项C能概括本段主题。
13．选G 上文“Stay focused on your goal. ”强调专注于自己的目标，选项G承接上文，表示一旦失败，就重新开始。
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