Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
(语法项目——动词不定式作主语)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Develop a healthy lifestyle
How to keep healthy① is always a concern for people. First of all, it is important for you to have② a light diet every day to maintain good health. Second, to go③ to bed early and get up early is not only good for health and helps prevent disease but also keeps you in good shape. Third, it's wise of you to laugh④ more every day, which can help you improve your health through good emotional control. It's important to follow⑤ good habits and keep a positive attitude. In addition, to exercise⑥ for half an hour every day can improve circulation and make your body healthier. Finally, to promote health, it is also an effective way to drink⑦ enough water every day.,
①疑问词how＋动词不定式短语作主语；
②④⑤⑦动词不定式作真正主语，it在句中作形式主语；
③⑥动词不定式作主语。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、不定式作主语
[先感知]
①To clean the windows is today's job.
②To jump out of the window is dangerous.
③To finish the work before Friday is not so easy.
[会发现]
1．句①②③中动词不定式短语在句中作______，谓语动词采用______________形式；
2．句①②③中动词不定式短语都是具体的、一次性的或者具有______含义的动作。
不定式(短语)作主语，句子谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。动词不定式(短语)作主语通常表示具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作。
名师点津： 不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别
一般来说，不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作；动名词作主语，表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为。但是在多数情况下，不定式与动名词作主语没有明显的区别。例如，“眼见为实”这句谚语可以翻译成以下两种形式：
To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
Seeing is believing.(动名词作主语)
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①______________ (finish) reading the book will take you two hours.
②______________(get) up early is beneficial for your health.
③________________________________________________________________________ is a happy thing in life.
爱与被爱是人生中一件幸福的事。
④________________________________ is very important.
使自己具备足够的技能是非常重要的。
二、it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语
[先感知]
①It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
②It's important for us to keep the water clean.
③It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
④It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
[会发现]
1．句①②③④中动词不定式在句子中均作真正的________；
2．句①的句式结构为It is/was ＋______＋to do sth.；
3．句②的句式结构为It is/was ＋adj.＋________＋to do sth.；
4．句③的句式结构为It is/was ＋______＋to do sth.；
5．句④为“It ________________________________________________”句型。
it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语有三种情况：
1．It is/was ＋n.＋to do sth.；
2．It is/was ＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.；
3．It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·北京高考)It is a good option ______________ (write) about China's fast economic growth.
②(2024·北京高考)Lastly, it's essential ______________ (mention) China's cultural prosperity.
③It was a rewarding experience for us ______________ (realize) how closely plants and humans are related.
④It was a big deal __________ us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
⑤Designer Jennifer Anderson admits ________ took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.
三、“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语
[先感知]
①How to use the computer is a question.
②Where to go has not been decided.
③When to start hasn't been decided yet.
④Whether to drive or take a taxi is still a question.
[会发现]
1．句①②③中主语分别是________________________________________________；
2．句④中主语是________________________；
3．以上例句中谓语动词都是用的____________形式。
动词不定式也可与疑问词what, who, which, when, where, why, how或者连词whether等连用作主语。此时，句子谓语用第三人称单数形式。
名师点津：利用这种结构可以把复合句转化为简单句。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①Where and when ______________ (cast) a net is more important than how to cast a net.
②Whether to compete in the relay race ______ (be) a decision that has to be made by our teacher.
(2)句型转换
③How to finish the work is still a question.
→____________________________________ is still a question.(用主语从句改写句子)
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It amused me ______________ (hear) these jokes.
2．It is common ______________ (tip) the waiter in European countries.
3．It seemed selfish of him not ______________ (give) them anything.
4．It takes me two hours ______________ (finish) my homework every day.
5．It's necessary for you ______________ (lock) the car when you do not use it.
6．It is a basic social custom ______________ (offer) a cup of tea to them whenever guests visit.
7．As is known to all, ______________ (do) morning exercises is good for our health.
8．______________ (realize) this aim needs my constant hard work and the support from my families.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)________________________________________ surrounded by nature's beauty.在大自然的美景中创作艺术是一种令人耳目一新的体验。
2．In my sister's opinion, it's a privilege ____________________________.
在我姐姐看来，做志愿者工作是一件荣耀的事情。
3．________________________________ on behalf of my class and share my views on sportsmanship.
我很荣幸能站在这里代表我的班级，分享我对体育精神的看法。
4．________________________________ is to experience Chinese musical traditions.
听这位音乐家的音乐是在体验中国音乐传统。
5．________________________ and cool down properly before and after running.
Section Ⅲ
慧学语法
一、[会发现] 1.主语 第三人称单数 2.将来
[对点练] ①To finish ②To get/Getting ③To love and to be loved ④To equip yourself with enough skills
二、[会发现] 1.主语 2.adj. 3.for sb. 4.n.
5．takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.
[对点练] ①to write ②to mention ③to realize ④for ⑤it
三、[会发现] 1.How to use the computer，Where to go, When to start 2.Whether to drive or take a taxi 3.第三人称单数
[对点练] ①to cast ②is ③How the work should be finished
活用语法
Ⅰ.1.to hear 2.to tip 3.to give 4.to finish 5.to lock
6．to offer 7.to do 8.To realize
Ⅱ.1.It was a refreshing experience to create art
2．to do voluntary work 3.It is my great honor to stand here
4．To listen to the musician's music
5．It is important to warm up
跑步前和跑步后做适当的热身和放松活动很重要。
4 / 4(共47张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Learning About Language
课时跟踪检测
目 录
(语法项目——动词不定式作主语)
Develop a healthy lifestyle
How to keep healthy① is always a concern for people. First of all, it is important for you to have② a light diet every day to maintain good health.
(语法项目——动词不定式作主语)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Second, to go③ to bed early and get up early is not only good for health and helps prevent disease but also keeps you in good shape. Third, it's wise of you to laugh④ more every day, which can help you improve your health through good emotional control. It's important to follow⑤ good habits and keep a positive attitude. In addition, to exercise⑥ for half an hour every day can improve circulation and make your body healthier. Finally, to promote health, it is also an effective way to drink⑦ enough water every day.
①疑问词how＋动词不定式短语作主语；
②④⑤⑦动词不定式作真正主语，it在句中作形式主语；
③⑥动词不定式作主语。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、不定式作主语
[先感知]
①To clean the windows is today's job.
②To jump out of the window is dangerous.
③To finish the work before Friday is not so easy.
[会发现]
1．句①②③中动词不定式短语在句中作_____，谓语动词采用_____________形式；
2．句①②③中动词不定式短语都是具体的、一次性的或者具有_____含义的动作。
主语
第三人称单数
将来
[明规则]
不定式(短语)作主语，句子谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。动词不定式(短语)作主语通常表示具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作。
名师点津： 不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别
一般来说，不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作；动名词作主语，表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为。但是在多数情况下，不定式与动名词作主语没有明显的区别。例如，“眼见为实”这句谚语可以翻译成以下两种形式：
To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
Seeing is believing.(动名词作主语)
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
① (finish) reading the book will take you two hours.
② (get) up early is beneficial for your health.
③ is a happy thing in life.
爱与被爱是人生中一件幸福的事。
④ is very important.
使自己具备足够的技能是非常重要的。
To finish
To get/Getting
To love and to be loved
To equip yourself with enough skills
二、it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语
[先感知]
①It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
②It's important for us to keep the water clean.
③It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
④It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
[会发现]
1．句①②③④中动词不定式在句子中均作真正的_____；
2．句①的句式结构为It is/was ＋_____＋to do sth.；
3．句②的句式结构为It is/was ＋adj.＋______＋to do sth.；
4．句③的句式结构为It is/was ＋__＋to do sth.；
5．句④为“It________________________________________”句型。
主语
adj.
for sb.
n.
takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.
[明规则]
it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语有三种情况：
1．It is/was ＋n.＋to do sth.；
2．It is/was ＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.；
3．It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·北京高考)It is a good option (write) about China's fast economic growth.
②(2024·北京高考)Lastly, it's essential (mention) China's cultural prosperity.
③It was a rewarding experience for us (realize) how closely plants and humans are related.
to write
to mention
to realize
④It was a big deal us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
⑤Designer Jennifer Anderson admits took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.
for
it
三、“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语
[先感知]
①How to use the computer is a question.
②Where to go has not been decided.
③When to start hasn't been decided yet.
④Whether to drive or take a taxi is still a question.
[会发现]
1．句①②③中主语分别是________________________________ __________________；
2．句④中主语是____________________________；
3．以上例句中谓语动词都是用的_____________形式。
How to use the computer，Where
Whether to drive or take a taxi
第三人称单数
to go, When to start
[明规则]
动词不定式也可与疑问词what, who, which, when, where, why, how或者连词whether等连用作主语。此时，句子谓语用第三人称单数形式。
名师点津：利用这种结构可以把复合句转化为简单句。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①Where and when (cast) a net is more important than how to cast a net.
②Whether to compete in the relay race (be) a decision that has to be made by our teacher.
to cast
is
(2)句型转换
③How to finish the work is still a question.
→ is still a question.(用主语从句改写句子)
How the work should be finished
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It amused me (hear) these jokes.
2．It is common (tip) the waiter in European countries.
3．It seemed selfish of him not (give) them anything.
4．It takes me two hours (finish) my homework every day.
to hear
to tip
to give
to finish
5．It's necessary for you (lock) the car when you do not use it.
6．It is a basic social custom (offer) a cup of tea to them whenever guests visit.
7．As is known to all, (do) morning exercises is good for our health.
8． (realize) this aim needs my constant hard work and the support from my families.
to lock
to offer
to do
To realize
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)________________________________ __________surrounded by nature's beauty.
在大自然的美景中创作艺术是一种令人耳目一新的体验。
2．In my sister's opinion, it's a privilege .
在我姐姐看来，做志愿者工作是一件荣耀的事情。
It was a refreshing experience to
to do voluntary work
create art
3． on behalf of my class and share my views on sportsmanship.
我很荣幸能站在这里代表我的班级，分享我对体育精神的看法。
4． is to experience Chinese musical traditions.
听这位音乐家的音乐是在体验中国音乐传统。
5． and cool down properly before and after running.跑步前和跑步后做适当的热身和放松活动很重要。
It is my great honor to stand here
To listen to the musician's music
It is important to warm up
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Are you an early bird or a night owl Our activity patterns and sleep cycles could influence our risk of heart disease. New research published in Experimental Physiology found wake/sleep cycles cause metabolic (新陈代谢) differences and change our body's preference for energy sources.
Researchers from Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA classified participants into two groups (early and late) based on their natural tendency to seek activity and sleep at different times. The participants were monitored for a week to assess their activity patterns across the day. They ate a calorie and nutrition-controlled diet and had to fast overnight to minimize dietary impact on the results.
To study fuel preference, they were tested while at rest before completing two 15-minute period of exercise: one moderate and one high intensity session on a running machine. Aerobic (有氧的) fitness levels were tested through an incline challenge where the incline was raised 2.5% every two minutes until the participant reached a point of exhaustion.
The researchers found that those who stay up later have a reduced ability to use fat for energy, meaning fats may build up in the body and increase the risk of heart disease. People who are “early birds” rely more on fat as an energy source and are more active during the day with higher levels of aerobic fitness than “night owls”. On the other hand, “night owls” use less fat for energy at rest and during exercise.
Researchers also found that early birds use more fat for energy at both rest and during exercise than night owls. Professor Steven Malin from Rutgers University said, “We found that early birds are more physically active and have higher fitness levels than night owls. Farther research is needed to examine the link between exercise and metabolic adaptation to identify whether exercising earlier in the day has greater health benefits.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人的活动模式和睡眠周期与心脏病风险之间的关系。
1．What does the underlined word “fast” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Move quickly. B．Go without food.
C．Exercise regularly. D．Fall sound asleep.
√
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的had to可知，fast是动词；结合画线词所在句“They ate ... results.”可推知，ate ...diet和fast overnight都是“最小化饮食对结果影响”的措施。由此推知，fast overnight是指“夜间禁食”，fast与go without food同义。故选B项。
2．How was the research conducted
A．By making a survey.
B．By making contrasts.
C．By providing examples.
D．By introducing a concept.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researchers ... across the day.”和第三段的内容可知，研究人员根据参与者在不同时间寻求活动和睡眠的自然倾向将他们分为两组，然后以各种方式对参与者进行监测和测试，通过比较两组的结果来得出结论。故选B项。
3．What is the characteristic of the “early birds”？
A．Having lower fitness level.
B．Using less fat during exercise.
C．Consuming more fat at rest.
D．Being more active during the night.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，“早起的鸟儿”休息时消耗更多脂肪。故选C项。
√
4．What is Malin's attitude to the result of the research
A．Tolerant. B．Pessimistic.
C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Malin说的话“We found ... benefits.”可知，Malin认为虽然目前的研究表明，早起和健康水平较高之间存在相关性，但Malin不确定这两者之间的因果关系，以及早起锻炼对健康的潜在益处。他呼吁进一步的研究来检验这种联系。由此推知，他对研究结果持不确定的态度。故选D项。
√
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空
Dear Tom，
It's so nice ① (hear) that you want to come to Beijing ② (study). It's necessary ③ (remind) you of a few things.
to hear
to study
to remind
The streets of Beijing are very crowded, so it is best for you ④______(take) a bus or subway. It is very convenient. You can also ride a bike, but when you do not use it, it's necessary ⑤ (lock) it. Also, don't easily trust people who you don't know, in case you are cheated. Of course, you should believe that there are many kind people in the world. When you visit a friend's home, remember ⑥ (bring) something your host likes.
to take
to lock
to bring
It seems selfish of a man not ⑦ (give) back anything. If you are in trouble, remember to call me in time, I will help you, because it is easy for me ⑧ (do) it.
Yours，
Li Hua
to give
to do
Ⅲ.语法填空
Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch Well, that's normal.Your body 1 (natural) slows down then.What should you do about it Don't reach for a coffee! Instead, take a nap — a very short sleep.It's good 2 (have) a daily nap.You remember things better and become more active.It may even cheer you up.
But there 3 (be) some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap.First, take a nap in the middle of the day, about eight hours after you wake up.Next, 4 20-minute nap is best. 5 you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep.After waking up from a deep sleep, you will feel even 6 (bad). Also, you should set an alarm clock.In that way, you can get fully 7 (relax) during your nap.You won't have to keep 8 (look) at the clock and you won't oversleep.
Next time you feel sleepy after lunch, don't worry.Put your head down, close your 9 (eye) and take a short sleep, 10 will surely do you good.
语篇解读：午饭后犯困是一种正常现象，在这种情况下小睡20分钟是非常好的方法，它能使你有更好的状态。
1．naturally 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式，故填naturally。
2．to have 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，因此，应用动词不定式作真正主语，故填to have。
3．are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。在there be句型中，be应和其邻近的主语在数上一致。由some simple rules可知用复数，且由上下文可知，应用一般现在时，故填are。
4．a 考查冠词。这里说的是“一次20分钟的小睡”，故用不定冠词。
5．If 考查状语从句。该句意思是“如果小睡时间超过20分钟，就会进入深度睡眠”，故用if引导条件状语从句。
6．worse 考查形容词比较级。even与比较级连用，表示更糟糕。
7．relaxed 考查形容词。relaxed相当于一个形容词，意思是“放松的”。
8．looking 考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.表示“一直不断地做某事”。
9．eyes 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，此处的闭眼是指两只眼睛都要闭上，故用eye的复数形式。
10．which 考查定语从句。关系代词which指代前面整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
Ⅳ.根据要求完成下面写作
① (周游世界) is a lifelong ambition for many. It's fascinating ② (探索) different cultures and landscapes. ③ (亲眼看见世界之美) is an unforgettable experience. However, it's often challenging ④ (决定) where to go next.
To travel around the world
to explore
To see the world's beauty firsthand
to decide
⑤ (接下来去哪儿参观) is always an exciting question. It's incredible ⑥ (见证) how vast and diverse our planet is. Moreover, it is truly rewarding ⑦ (让自己沉浸于) new environments, learning and growing with each journey.
Where to visit next
to witness
to immerse oneself inUNIT 2 课时检测(三) Learning About Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Are you an early bird or a night owl Our activity patterns and sleep cycles could influence our risk of heart disease. New research published in Experimental Physiology found wake/sleep cycles cause metabolic (新陈代谢) differences and change our body's preference for energy sources.
Researchers from Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA classified participants into two groups (early and late) based on their natural tendency to seek activity and sleep at different times. The participants were monitored for a week to assess their activity patterns across the day. They ate a calorie and nutrition controlled diet and had to fast overnight to minimize dietary impact on the results. To study fuel preference, they were tested while at rest before completing two 15 minute period of exercise: one moderate and one high intensity session on a running machine. Aerobic (有氧的) fitness levels were tested through an incline challenge where the incline was raised 2.5% every two minutes until the participant reached a point of exhaustion.
The researchers found that those who stay up later have a reduced ability to use fat for energy, meaning fats may build up in the body and increase the risk of heart disease. People who are “early birds” rely more on fat as an energy source and are more active during the day with higher levels of aerobic fitness than “night owls”. On the other hand, “night owls” use less fat for energy at rest and during exercise.
Researchers also found that early birds use more fat for energy at both rest and during exercise than night owls. Professor Steven Malin from Rutgers University said, “We found that early birds are more physically active and have higher fitness levels than night owls. Farther research is needed to examine the link between exercise and metabolic adaptation to identify whether exercising earlier in the day has greater health benefits.”
1．What does the underlined word “fast” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Move quickly. B．Go without food.
C．Exercise regularly. D．Fall sound asleep.
2．How was the research conducted
A．By making a survey.
B．By making contrasts.
C．By providing examples.
D．By introducing a concept.
3．What is the characteristic of the “early birds”？
A．Having lower fitness level.
B．Using less fat during exercise.
C．Consuming more fat at rest.
D．Being more active during the night.
4．What is Malin's attitude to the result of the research
A．Tolerant. B．Pessimistic.
C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空
Dear Tom，
It's so nice ①______________ (hear) that you want to come to Beijing ②______________ (study). It's necessary ③______________ (remind) you of a few things.
The streets of Beijing are very crowded, so it is best for you ④______________ (take) a bus or subway. It is very convenient. You can also ride a bike, but when you do not use it, it's necessary ⑤______________ (lock) it. Also, don't easily trust people who you don't know, in case you are cheated. Of course, you should believe that there are many kind people in the world. When you visit a friend's home, remember ⑥______________ (bring) something your host likes. It seems selfish of a man not ⑦______________ (give) back anything. If you are in trouble, remember to call me in time, I will help you, because it is easy for me ⑧______________ (do) it.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.语法填空
Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch Well, that's normal.Your body__1__ (natural) slows down then.What should you do about it Don't reach for a coffee! Instead, take a nap — a very short sleep.It's good __2__ (have) a daily nap.You remember things better and become more active.It may even cheer you up.
But there __3__ (be) some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap.First, take a nap in the middle of the day, about eight hours after you wake up.Next, __4__ 20 minute nap is best. __5__ you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep.After waking up from a deep sleep, you will feel even __6__ (bad). Also, you should set an alarm clock.In that way, you can get fully __7__ (relax) during your nap.You won't have to keep __8__ (look) at the clock and you won't oversleep.
Next time you feel sleepy after lunch, don't worry.Put your head down, close your __9__ (eye) and take a short sleep, __10__ will surely do you good.
Ⅳ.根据要求完成下面写作
①____________________________ (周游世界) is a lifelong ambition for many. It's fascinating ②__________________ (探索) different cultures and landscapes. ③____________________________ (亲眼看见世界之美) is an unforgettable experience. However, it's often challenging ④____________ (决定) where to go next. ⑤__________________ (接下来去哪儿参观) is always an exciting question. It's incredible ⑥____________ (见证) how vast and diverse our planet is. Moreover, it is truly rewarding ⑦______________ (让自己沉浸于) new environments, learning and growing with each journey.
UNIT 2 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人的活动模式和睡眠周期与心脏病风险之间的关系。
1．选B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的had to可知，fast是动词；结合画线词所在句“They ate ... results.”可推知，ate ...diet和fast overnight都是“最小化饮食对结果影响”的措施。由此推知，fast overnight是指“夜间禁食”，fast与go without food同义。故选B项。
2．选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researchers ... across the day.”和第三段的内容可知，研究人员根据参与者在不同时间寻求活动和睡眠的自然倾向将他们分为两组，然后以各种方式对参与者进行监测和测试，通过比较两组的结果来得出结论。故选B项。
3．选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，“早起的鸟儿”休息时消耗更多脂肪。故选C项。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Malin说的话“We found ...benefits.”可知，Malin认为虽然目前的研究表明，早起和健康水平较高之间存在相关性，但Malin不确定这两者之间的因果关系，以及早起锻炼对健康的潜在益处。他呼吁进一步的研究来检验这种联系。由此推知，他对研究结果持不确定的态度。故选D项。
Ⅱ.①to hear ②to study ③to remind ④to take ⑤to lock
⑥to bring ⑦to give ⑧to do
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：午饭后犯困是一种正常现象，在这种情况下小睡20分钟是非常好的方法，它能使你有更好的状态。
1．naturally 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式，故填naturally。
2．to have 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，因此，应用动词不定式作真正主语，故填to have。
3．are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。在there be句型中，be应和其邻近的主语在数上一致。由some simple rules可知用复数，且由上下文可知，应用一般现在时，故填are。
4．a 考查冠词。这里说的是“一次20分钟的小睡”，故用不定冠词。
5．If 考查状语从句。该句意思是“如果小睡时间超过20分钟，就会进入深度睡眠”，故用if引导条件状语从句。
6．worse 考查形容词比较级。even与比较级连用，表示更糟糕。
7．relaxed 考查形容词。relaxed相当于一个形容词，意思是“放松的”。
8．looking 考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.表示“一直不断地做某事”。
9．eyes 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，此处的闭眼是指两只眼睛都要闭上，故用eye的复数形式。
10．which 考查定语从句。关系代词which指代前面整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
Ⅳ.①To travel around the world ②to explore ③To see the world's beauty firsthand ④to decide ⑤Where to visit next
⑥to witness ⑦to immerse oneself in
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